PN a en ee a a nee ay Peomae tum per enusc ree ee ee eed eer renee ter er me] Poe ere trae aa ns Cy Cece aceite stes rere ree Pieace eet nes ee eee te oo me rd Coe ee er le ce Na tented ett reer ema ee ea er cel eer tars Pe ent eras Ror ee ee eee eer PR eres mete tent ace ener Re eee ee enor eee aes eye re a eee Pree eee ees ea cana cna erecta it eee tee era en remeron encase Seer eer eas ear cca) Peer cua eet ee tied Pe nO ke eee Mane ce ete A rere oe ee ee ee Muelle Pee eee Mca kag Pee eee eee rey Seca Mae U Er ncnh ent Ron inert IU 9'78-5-93439-2889 els via =i (6) 8es1e)=1=1) a-XaMeCAeCOHBI folate ie el TAN. < O01) fe JOraasaenne O nupe Hosbix axrauiicxux «nHorosHayHHKoss . fnaea I. Yro sHauir Hello?. sessnns 2h Traea II. SloGoBt x cnoaectiam Koporsukan . hapa TI. Nog maccozoro npoceewenna tnawa IV, Me, Myself and I faa V. Nlonucemna # nonutuKa Traa VI. Hlenovoii waprow Gonsuioro 6uaHeca . Baecro saxmoyenna, Crutcok anmnnitcknx mHoroaHayHtix cno8 Language is a city to the building of which every human being brought a stone, Ralph Waldo Emerson’ O mupe Hossix anramiicKux «MHOrOsHayTHUKOB» Do you embrace everything awesome, edgy and huge? — 910 wpoxe Gn Mpoctoe npewtoxeHHe, KOTOpOE B TAKOM IIH CXOKEM BULIe MOXHO Topoit yerIMAT CeromHat B AAMepuke. ce xe OHO WAKE DH HeOMHOKpaTHOM MOBTOPeHHH, BEPOsITHO, TlOKAXETCH PYCCKO- TopOpsIeMy YeuoBeKy HeACHBIM. B caMOM slei1e, YETBIPe 13 BOCBMIL cuioB TeKcra, a UMCHHO: embrace, awesome, edgy huge 1icT10.15- SyloTCs 3IICCK B SHaYeHMH, KOTOPOE COREpICHHO PacKORHTEA C O6- menpunstaim. Fpewioxerne 370 B epenoute a PYCCKIT BIE UUT AOBONbHO HeOKHIAHHEIM: «BaM To syule/HpaBMTCs JH BCe, 4TO sB- JAeTCH KMACCHBIM/CaMBIM MOJHEIM/MOTYIAPHBIM?> Kasasiocb 6x1, ‘BCe 3TH CBA, B 4acTHOCTH edgy WIM huge, ABILAIOTCA pacxoxXHMH anrsmiickumu buzzwords — To ecTh TeMH, 470 B sHOGOHt cpeste y BCeX na cilyxy. Ho BBIXOIHT, ITO OHH — HeoGLIHO MHOrOsHayALIe, O6- MaHUMBbIe TeKCEMBI, CYLLeCTBOBRABIUIME H MIpexxIle, HO Terlepb CraB- IME HEOObATHBIM MHOXKeCTROM B a3bIKe CoemMHenHtax [I] ratos. Orkyna u xyya pacter MHOTOsIMKas ciHOKeCHas TOpOCIT B aH sIniicKoM s3EIKe — 9TO MpoGTeMa, KOTOPyIO MOXHO OOBACHUTS pexxue BceTo XapakTepOM PasHTHs COBPeMEHHBIK 135IKOB. ’, Konexno, x peskur nepemeHam Tpysiio npucocoGurses., Epa [IHL He KaxGIOMY HOCHTENTIO AHTIMHCKOTO H PYCCKOTO AEKKA CeTOMHA Bee TpyilHee HK TPYMHee CIIPABIATECH ¢ GCKOHEYHIM TIOTOKOM ci10~ BECHBIX HOBHHOK B POUHOM CTpaHe, He TOBOps yKe O TOM, KakKHe CAOKHOCTH BOSHUKAIOT Y Oe! OFX KYBTYP, KMBYLUEX H pabo-‘Tar0x 3a npestestamst caoeti posust. Ho s351K nocrosHHO O6HOB- JUIETCA HE TOMBKO 34 CHET HOBKIX COB — MelLseTCs 3HANCHHE VRE cymecrsyionun. C MoxEmeHocHoil GsierpoToH oT6packmnacTCA HTH mipeoGpasyerca crapstit CMBICIOBOH Garaxk s3bIKa Tt B TO Xe BPM B Hero BeachinaeTes He¥TO HeUSBesLAHHOe, HeMpHBBINHOe H Nae CO- RepILieHHo wyKepomHOe Mensa cpon shaveHns, copa nomiac npeobpasyiores WiIK «tH HmoT» Jo HeysHapaemoctH. OT MpowcXOMHT Ha BCEX CTILINCTHYC- CKHX YPOBHAX MBO BCeX cibepax 2xUBHH sIHIKA — OT pasroBOpHOti es Jo xaprouos CMH, KoMmmorepHoit TexHosorHu, neHxoasta- Jinsa W MosONexHOTO citeHra. «Temonek STIOXH MAOGATHSALEE — NuteastbHbtit HoTpeGuTe:Ts cMBICHIOB... COBPEMEHHAK MACCOBAA KYIIb~ Typa npemiaraer MpOKU BEIGOP TOTOBBIX peeABIX OGpasoe Ha Bee CoytalL KHSHM, — saxmouaior aBropHl KHurH OKUsHD B MUMaTeT- ix Menouax» JmHureucrs Hatanns Jimierpuessia Bypsukona m Bu- raunit Ipuropsesuss Kocromapor. B nocaemane rou aMHTBOCMBICHORBIC HaMeHeHNA cTATH Bee ‘WaIlle HOARIATBOS He TOMBKO B AHITIIHHICKOM HE PYCCKOM, HOM B psLe sanajtHoemponeiicKux #3bIKOB, BKMOYa épannyscKni. Tos xaxstli yeHb B MupoBbIx CMH wa sTeparype NosEIeTeH HeMasIO HaGmozaTerelt YeTHOHl H TMCbMeHHOM PetH,, OITAKHBAIOUIINK «tte vs6exnbtit 4 crpammaili> pacnan arrmulicKoro, pycékoro Wn pauyscxoro sabika. Pew Her o MpeHebperxerutn ux HOCHTeNeHt BCeMH HOpMaMH TpaMMarHKM, KPYUIeKN TpaHVill MexaTy MHcbMCH- HBIM JISBIKOM H YCTHOM PeubIO, © CMEMIEHHH CTHUIeHt, cosiaiomem 2XYDKUL DHHIETpET Ha past OBOpHEIX Ci1OBEEK, MOIONEKTOTO CTeHTA, ColtMamsHo-MomTTHecKoro H axe EaTHOTO xKaproHa, a B PYCCKOM AGLIKe — 0 HanomHeHHu SaMMcTBOBAHUSIMH 13 aHTIHHicKOrO. JIpy- THe A3KIKOBHe MpOOreME!, HomBMBUIMeCK B PoCcuH 3a Tous Mepe- CTPOAKH, TOXe HanOMMUaIOT HEILEMIIOI cUTyAUIO B AHTIO- ‘ASLIEIX CTpAHAX, H OcoGeHHO B AMepHKe, re CTapaioTes rpaHM Mexkity u1TeparypHoli M OOBIBATELCKOII PexEsO. B cpocti xaure «Pycckiii a318K ta rpasm HepsHioro cpsinas 13+ becTHBIM MockoBcKuit mHursucr MaKcum AHUCUMOBIS Kpoxrays HaNOMMNIAeT O Macce SaMMCTBOBAHM 19 AKITIECKOTO HO BOTHAX CoB H upaxeHit, npuULeAIIHX Hs Mpobeccuoriansttoli, raMyp- Holl H OarmATeKoii TeKcHKH, KoTopsle GyKBaTbtIo OOpynNAIHCe Ha Pycexyo peu’. Ho HeyTo nonoGHoe, Ha Molt Barat, NpoUcxOmT UB aHTTHicKOM 53bIKe, Mpanlla, Ge3 CTO MaccOBOTO alIMCTBOBA- HL; KPOME TOTO, HOBIE CORA NlocTynaloT 3ilech, CKOpEe, H3 THM ‘eckoll, MonoexHOit 1 xypHalucrcKoHt JeKcuxu CMH, nexer a OarMTcKoH. HaxoHetl, anIAMCKHIt s9bIK Nepexpaer rOCTO- ANH M HenpepsIBHsil npomtece HapyuleHHs HOPM HM cTAHApToR Byrlorpe6inenun culos m suipaxcHusit, HosiBeHMe COTeH HOBHAX eK Cem, peakHe M IMpOKO pacupocTpaneHHBIe HSMeHeHHA B SHANE MAX Ye CyIeCTBYIONUX Cu1OB H BBIpAKeHAIE. Canina p sHaverMi cos 1 noswwleHie HOBBIX euIMiII 3aMerit BlcsIOM pate OGu1acreit CoupeMeHHOll aMepHKalicKoit pewH: B pas~ TOBOPHOM ABKIKe, B KapTOHE MONOTEM H PASHLIX STHUYECKHX IPYIM, B SKIKE 2KEHCKOTO NBWKeTHs H pasmuranIKX HIO. To xe HYXHO Cka3aT» 0 TledaTH M — mMpe — 0 CMH, orkyaa cronecutse HOBMHKH paccbINaloTeH HO PASTOBOPAN O MOE, HlepeXONAT B ra- MYPHYIO CEH, PEKTAMY, CIOKETHI IICHXONpAM ¥, HAKOWeM, BIH BaIOTCA B KOHOpaTHBHYlO, OGIIECTREHHO-NOMHTHMECKYIO HSH H — TO ocoGeHHO SaMeTHO — B KOMIIBIOTEpHY;O TepMIHOMIOTHIO. Tlocuexnas, p cow o¥epens, oKashinaeT rpomalsioe BIIHAHHe Ha anrmuiicKnit n Mniorne npyrne aabikis saapa. [LLpoxoe pacnpoctpa- HeHHe KOMMbIOTEpHOTO Hi TexHOsOTHYeCKOTO 2aprOHla, B YacTHO- CTH, aneKrpoHHEK mfcem a SMS-oK, ¢ HpucyLUIMH HM cHOBAMH H BUPAXCHHIMH, MaKe HOpoxIaeT CboeoGpAsHEN CTI: OOTeHAs monet apy? ¢ /IpyroM: Hx NepenlMcka Terlepb YeM-TO sae TIOXOKA Hla crapoMombie TeslerpaMabt. Crpanian smarpnicrayeckax mopocas pacnpocrpanseres, KOHeSHO, no actadere. 3a4acTyl0 JHOGHMBIE cH10- BeYKH OMHOTO MlOKOLeHH CraHOBATCA HOPMOHt — buzzwords A ero mpeemankos, Mosoabie sto, Goulee OTKpEITBIC UIT HOBMeCTD OXOTHO HX BOCTPUHHMaIOUMe, Walle BeeTO CosNaHOT HeONOTHaMt WIM UpwOT HOBKE SHAME yXKe CylecTAYIOMM cTOBAM, Onuako sceoxsarsibaioulee ws061IMe HoRKsx cmon cosnaer Gort lme TpyAHOCTH He TOBKO MUI HHOCTpAHeR, HByalOUIHX aN (KH SSBIK HL 3ANTHMAIONIUXGH TepeBOTOM C HeTO, HO HL IUI5 TeX, UIA KOTO StOT A3EIK PORHOH. TlosTOMY HTe H.APyrHe, ectecTBEHHO, OKASEIBAIOTCS Tlepell BONPOCOM, KaK Ke UMCHHO OOHOWLIETCA H3BIK Amepuxa, BaxxHeitirylo pon cpesH Tak HaSBIBAeMBIX HOBLIX CHOB 11 BLI- Paxermit urpaior Heonorn3Ms Bpone download (cKastarb 43 KOM- MmioTepa) Wit metrosexual, (10 ecTs MerpoceKcyasl, cocTostrestbubiHt 1H CaMOBMOGNEHHBI TOpOACKOIL MyKIHTHA, BOZMOXHO Tevepocek-cyaimer, Ho oOnantaioumnit xeHICKUMH HaxoMHOCTAMH), TlonoGuBe ‘cosa poxaaiores, rnapstiiM o6pa30M, TOTZa, KOTHA B ASHIK BBOMTES TOHITHe, UIA KoTOporo HeT ToUHOTO IKBUBaLTeHTA. Staycation — 310, aK OKa3bIBAeTeH, OTYCK, MPOBeICHHBM TOMA, a locavore ~ wes10- Bek, yHoTpeGuatomtuUil B CBOI TIMMY TOKO MecTHEIe MPOYKTEL (ocaenHee c10B0 o6pas0BAHO OT carnivore, 4TO O3HaYAeT «TuIOTO- samHoe xHBOTHOC>)- ‘Resorts in the Caribbean are so expensive that this winter we'll have 2 staycation — we'llstay at home and go to movies and the theater. Jn this shop there is not much mention of the locavore movement, which izes eating locally grown food and knowing how it is produced.® Her commenus, acre TaKHx «uoBulecTe> GuIcTpo MeMesaeT, HO pYTHe SacrpeBalor B ssbiKe Ha LOMITHE NeCsTTHIETHS. Tloxazyit, camnnn nitepecisiMi (beHOMEHaMH B CerodHs- HOM AMcDHKAHCKOM AHTIMICKOM SIBISIOTC! MHOTOSHASHOCTS (ambiguity) u noancemns (polysemy). Om poxnaiores B Tex cny- ‘WasX, KOMa HaBHO HBECTHOE H PAcHpOCTpaLteHHOE CmTOBO (JTeK- cena) mpHo6peraer copcem pyroe, HoBoe sHaTeHHe (OHO HH HecKousko), cHlocoGHoe NpEoBaNaT® Ha CTAPEIM CMBICITOM FETHL Hake BEITECHATS eTO. PasyMeetes, TAKHe MHOTOsHaTHBIe CHOBA OTAMUAIOTCA OT OMOHHMOB, TO ECTS OT COB, COBNAAIOMUX 110 SBYYAHHO HM HAILCALITO, HO conepmteHtHo pacxonLAMMXcs To 9TH- MONOTHH H cMBIchy. K MpHMepy, B PYCCKOM s3EIKe «YK» OsHAIACT OmHoBpeMeHHO OBONL H PysHOe OpyAMe WIA MeTaHMA Crpest; aur- alicKoe cymectpHTesIbHOe bear ecTs He TO HiIOe, KaK eMeyBenb», a raaron bear — KeH- aul», a Teneph HOMOMMLIUCD MitbiM COAEpAUNEM: an edgy dress ‘TaKXe O3HauAeT «TOCHEAHIA THICK MOBI, TOCITeMHEE COBO B Heli» (ro ects moua, Nonenentast 10 KpaliHOCTH, 10 Mpenesta).. B paGorax 10 TeopuH JHHTBHCTHKH MHOTO HarIHcaHio Mpo pas- Juss Mexy TomceMtHell, MHOTOSHaNMOCTBIO H cHHOHMMAMH. Ho MHOTOSHAYHOCTS, HeOMHOSHAYHOCTS W HONHCeMHA — BCs yKAaKIRACT a cyilecrBoBaline y HeKoTOpOH eiIMHHULI Gostee omoTO SHANeHIE. (Ceromiis, Kak MHe BHJIHTCA, NOHATHS sOmHceMHs> 1 enororOsHAY- MOCTE» 118 AHIENUSICKOM, HB PYCCKOM S3BIKe BO MHOTOM CoRTIaLaIOT, Kak micara Aina Anmpeesia 3a1H3H9K, «ommmn 13 RaxHeTINX HTOTOB pasBHTUS CeMaHTHYeCKOlk TeopHM TOCHERHIX TPeX ecHTH- JeTHM ABIACTCA TO, 470 MHOTOIHASHOCTS CTarla BOCHPHUMATECH He KaK OTKIOHEHHe OT HOPMB!, a KaK ONO 13 HaHOaxtee cyntecTBeH- Mbix cBolicrs Bcex 3HAYHMBIX CIMHE AIbIKA, KAK HeN3GEAHOE Cae crave ocHoBHEIX ocoGeHMocTeit yerpolicrua u yHKUMOHMPOBAHHA ecrectBeHHoro asbikas*, C nell no cymtecTBy comaceH H MMCHHTIL Miramar Haymona Suurreiis: «¥Y cxo — pommeGHas pactsxit- MOCTH sHaveHmit, MHorosHasHocTs clopa — He HCKMOUeHe, a IpaBWLIO B staEIKe>’, Tipu nonnceMun, onHaKo, HOBONpHOGpereHHL cMBICN cTORA MoxXer (baKTHYECKH BHIFONKHYb KPYTHe erO SHaeHHA. AHTAMHICKOe Bay ynorpeGnserest celiac TONBKO B aHa‘eHMM «roMOceKcyauI, TO- MoceKcyanbibilio, a crapsilt nepepon «pecemuiiio TpakTHIecKH anya B Jlery. A gay comedy cpasy HaBONMT Ha MBICITS, 8TO PEE HuleT © mbece Ha (a delicious apple pie, a delicious meal) 1o6aBui0ck suiatenHe «x10 10 IipusttHoe, OGastemHOe® (a delicious short story, a delicious new hat). Cnoxo divine (Goxkecrseunsiit) (divine inspiration) celiac Takoxke osHavaer «KpacnBbilie, smipetecTitsiie (she looked divine last night, it was a divine evening). Onsta vs aMepukaHiCKHX CIIEUMaIDACTOK Ho racrpovomm axe BOSpaswa NpoTHB ucHomEsOBAHHA divine IpHMeHMTeNbHO K mute: HemssA Keannduunposars Gen Kak the ‘meal was divine. “It isn't, — niucana oma, — it’s terrestrial, made by suman hands.”we Bameprkarickoll uurBuicruke ci10Ba, KoTOpsIe OANaIOT paa~ Honan S1a¥eHTHsD, YACTO PaccMaTpHBAOTEA KaK Weasel Words, TO ecTD «xaMeneOItbi>, GO OHH siBHO HaroMuUHaiOT XOPOIIO USBECTHOE {xUBOTHOE TEILILIX CTPaH, MCHSUOULe OKPACKY KOXU NIpH MepemeHe peta oKpy:karoutelk cpestst”. KpoMe TOTO, HOBBIH CMBICI 9THX CHIOB nopoik He TONLKO OTIMYaeTes OT Craporo H SaCTEIBILIETO, HO 1 CKOMBSHT H3 ONHOTO 3HAMCHHA B APyTOe, HeMOHCTPHDYst TIPHIHAKH HoaMceMun. Tak, B IpOHecce MeTaMOppOSEI Ci1OBA CrAHOBATCS MHOTOSHAYHDIMH HM MHOFOrpaHHBIMEL, BEITOMHAT HIHANATbHYIO byHKuMHIO 1 MpHOGpeTad HOBIE OTTEHKH, KOTOPEIe MOTYT CO BPC MeHeM HaYlath OMMHVOBATS Hall CTaphIM CMBICTOM c7OBa, «AHT- amiicknit, — nmet M.H. Onurreiin, ~ menkoe cHro, On pasmmaer ‘Tonuaitinme orrenKn Moai”. BuiBaer, 470 HOBOE SHAYEHHE croBA TAK Ke CHILO OTMMIAeTCA OT CTaporo, Kak Ob OT MaTepH — TOXOXDE BHEMTEe, ON OGNAAIOT pasmrausnen xapaxtepanm. B GombmMHcTBe cHyyaeR HOROE OBpasonaxMe sBNKeTCA MeTAOpHNeCKHM OTMPBICKOM CTApOTO, OyknanbHOTO SHANeHHS CTORA HIIK BEIPAKCHMS, HO MOXET CHIIBHO OTTHATHCH OF CBOETO MEPROHCTOKA H MaKe MPHOOPeTAT MpoTH- Boriosioxnbtit ewer. Hanpsmep, impossibly (xeno3Moxsi0) cero- HAL Yaero BOTpeyaeTeA B cMBIcaIe «rtoTpacaoMEHiy (an impossibly beautiful girl). Konesno, taxwe sanenns He Bcerna erKO BOCTIPH- I MUMaIOTeA Naxe HOCHTERIMIK S3IKA, He TOBOPA Ye 06 UHOCTPAH- aX, U1 KOTOPEIX AHTIHHICKMIl He ABIseTeA PoHBIM'. BuoGazoK, MHOTOIHAyHBIe CHOBA KAKILIH HS Hac MOXKET HCTORKOBHIEATS TIO-CBOEMY, HOTOMY TO «ntbt He SHAEM, B KAKOM BUTE HHDOPMALS o MiorosHasnoctu xpanires 5 cosHanHH roBopsiiero>". Hakouet, mpouecest eKcHMeckoil MbySHH (B3AHMONPOHMKHOBEHH) 1 M3- MEHEHHA COB HaYMHAWOTCA C HECKOMbKHX GYKBAMBHO CHMTAHEIX JleKCeM, HOBBIe SHaYeHHs| KOTOPHIX GLICTpo PacnpocrpaHmoTeA Ha apyrne eunnuusi. Kro-70 ynorpebut cnono Wi BEIpaKeHHe [BHOBOM 3HaveHMM, APyTMe MOBTOpAT ero YeTHO, SaTeM ero BOCTIpO- Mapenyr B MeyaTH — H, KAaK ToBopHTes, . Bossmem, K MpHMepy, cnono fuzzy. Parbuie ono osHaya0 ‘To-T0 TIyLIMeToe (Kak ToHOMIeBBITt MemBeXoHOK), a MpHOGpeno HBIHe COBCEM HHbIe SHAYEHIA: , «tteorIpeneteHHEti>, , «He MMeIOUTITH YET Koro Hpentcrannenmsr, a TaKXe «craMlasbiie, XXATEHIIO, ABYCMBICICHHEIe CHOBEIKH OBONBHO 4aCTO MepexOnTT B OBITOBOII S3BIK, Ne BCE 3a HACTYTTEHMEM HABSSTHBOTO KaproHa uuer uerpeGueHie cynepratipa. CxoBa, OsHayaloulMe MpeBocKos- Hylo CTeMeHS, H3-Ba «tepeMCTIONss0BAls» CO EpeMeHeM TepslOT ‘cBOIO OCTpOTY H 3aMesisiOTCs CoBepuIEHHHO GecHpeMMETHBIMH seK- cemamn. Tak 2xe Kak B Poccuu, re yerapepitice pasronopHioe «xe- JesHbiit», BLIPMKAIOLUCE NPEBOCXOMHYI CTenICHb OMOGPeHHA («ke~ HeSHBIT HapKOM> oKemeSHasl KEHILMHAY), JABHO YCTYMIIO MECTO COBaM , a sick (Gonbuolt) TpHXOMTEA MepeBONHTS KaK «KpYTOHt>, «knaccHEsit>. John was sick yesterday ~ he has the flu. Too bad he couldn't go to the ‘movies with us — that new Italian film is really sick, wonderful acting and so funny! Aurauiickoe terrifie,B mpouLiom osHavapmnee «crpalHBri, BHY- mrarounit crpax» (reppop), cerounst osHauaer «npeBocxouBtlis (great, fantastic): a terrifie dinner at a five-star restaurant ‘an actor's terrific performance ina play B revere mHornx xecaTuermit awesome Guit0 8 mepenome MeM-TO «BHYNTAIONIM CTPAX», (inspiring reverence or wonder). The Grand Canyon at sunset isan awesome sight, withthe play of colors on the enormous cliffs. B pesyasrate MpoHHKHOBeHHs 3TOTO cxTOBa B MOTOREXHEIIL 2kaproH awesome ynoTpeGAAETCA TeMEpb BESHIE H TIOBCIOMY B CMBICE ), KOTO Pai TIPAKTHECKH CleLATa ETO MPOTHBOTONOXHEIM cTapoMy cmbiculy. Cryyaetes H Tak, 470 crapoe (GyKBalbHOe) 3HAYeHHe MHO- TOSHATHOTO CHOBA OCTACTCs BKHBOH PewH HaPaBHe C HOBLIM (Me~ ‘racpopm4ecKHM). sIpKuM mpuMepom snnseTes embrace: He warmly embraced and kised his son who had retumed after a two-year absence (cTapoe sHaveHne cnOBa — ci1OBO Goltee «tpHeMIte- MBIM> SEcpemmIaMOM. Tak, surge B KavecrBe ONMCAHMs jeliCTBH AaMepHKAHCKHX BoHicK B pake sBysnT oTHOcHTemBHO HeitTpamBHO — BeMBICHC , «HapalltMBAHHe> H TIPHKDEI~ BaeT HACTOSUMMi CMBICH: «BospacTaHMe HITCHCHBHOCTH Hacryria~ TeNBHBIX akuMiio, B Tom xe KOHTeKcTe HcnomssyloTes liberating BMecro attacking unm invading, spreading democracy BMecTO over throwing a country’s government 4 jen!aeTeA MHOTO IPYTOe, TO YE oTHOCHTes K O6sacTH HonuTKoppexTHoctu (ITK). Xora Mocmestss He OKASEIBAeT PeMLaOMerO BILAN Ha HO- ‘BMHKH autruuafickoro & CIITA, ova Boe-TaKH suuiseTes MTerpaTbHO!L NacTbI0 AMePHKAHCKOM KYJBYPH M COOTBETCTBEHHO s3KIKa™. [Ect ocrapHT Wa MHHYTKY B CTOpOHE TepMALHONOFHYECKMA KAPLOH TIK (African-American, flight attendant, disabled), asxsounatics ocoGoil TeMoit, To MaBHEnH TesMe MomUTKOppeKTHOCTH: «Bee OK ABH M HMeIOT PaBHBle Mpaba W HOSMOKHOCTH» MPHBOAIT B KO- HesHOM cueTe K TOTATBHOMY PemTHBHSMY. BEIXONHT, YTO CYARACHHA ‘ea Tpab», Ha CAMOM JIE BECKMA OTHO- curembHss. Tipu lonwtKoppexTHocTHK Bce, 4TO cBASAHO c value judgments (ouenkasat, oueHouRTBIMH cyxTIeHHsIMH), TIO OTIPEsTETEHEO, OTBeP- raetes mm ocyxxaaetes. Hostomy 8 Halli HH C1080 judgmental, B| | | i ‘osHatalonice CKIOMHOCTE K CY:KMEHHSM, OCOGEHHO K TAK HAgIBAC- MBIM cYGDEKTHBHBIM, BOCIIPHHHMAeTCH ¢ 1BHO OIPHUATeNbHOH Ha~ TpYSKOH, a cx10H0 nonjudgmental (cpoficTHO XapakTepa YeHOBEKA, HC HABASHIBAIOMLCTO APYTHM CBOM MOPANBHBIE MPHHIMTIEI) CTAO O- AJOXUTENSHEIM TepMAMHOM. B pexenoik OGUXOA BOILIO BEIPAXeHHe: we need to constantly maintain a nonjudgmental attitude — upuepxu- bathe HeocyxMaIOUIeTO CTWIS OGuIEHULE. O TIcHXOMOre, KOTOpAs Jlaet coReTHI KeHaM COAT, BOIOIOLINX (BOBABLINX) B MipaKe, ro- ops: “she counsels nonjudgmental conversations between spouses.” “Yrro 6b1 enoBeK HH JeNaN~ KPA, THOT UM MLK OKYIIBHHYAN, — an Hao ocTaTsca nonjudgmental, 10 ecTb /IyMaTb 06 3TOM Hel1OBEKe Ges oneHKy, 470 chakTuNeCKH OsHANaeT «6e3 ocyxxneHTs>, «63 KPI TITIecKorO MiHeHs». 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OH o3HasiaeT 6pocoK B KolTBUO (5 KOP- SuBY), KOT~la HIPOK, epxka MsTY B PYKAX, MIpEITaeT MpsAMO TOIL KOI MOM, KoTOpoe serko ocr. CeromHa 370 o3HayaeT “2kapTOHOM (jargon) — sSBIK TAKUX MporbeccHoHArTEHO CrIenMANHSU- OBAHHEN 1 TpaAIMIMOHHENX OGTaCTeH esTEMBHOCTH, KAK lopHcrIpy- EHTS Wik MemtutHtta, Ho HCTOKH HX TepMHONOTHH H Ce BKMIOTe- Hie 8 OOmeHATHOHATEHOE OGpaMleHHe Ove TPYAHO TIPOCTEMMTE MpeKME BCETO HOTOMY, #TO TIPOHCKOKTEHHE TABHO YTOTPEOHMBLX 08 co Bpementem saGEIBaeTeA. To Xe CaMOe OTHOCHTEA HK MPYTHIM crapoxuuta 8 stexcke. Kro, KPOME JMTBHCTOB, CeTomH 3Haer, sro bling mpuuuo c SIMaitKn, XOTR CTaTO ONHHM 3 CAMENX LIHPOKO pACHPOCTPAHeHHBIX TepMHHOB B ToproBe rajaHrepecti?! Kpome TOTO, B CHUIY roGaNbHOTO NocTynia K Vintepuety coBa H3 pas HEX COUMATBHLEX, MporbeccHonasbHbIX H STHUYECKHX TpytIn GsICTPO TOrnOMaioTes OSMHENALHONATHBIM I3HIKOM: OM YnOTpeGTATOTCA BCOMH SIONEMHK BHE SABHCHMOCTIC OT HX KOPHeH 1 TIOCTETTEHHO Te- Palor cnowo reniearorHto. B texcte mpexcrannersr nosiceMHMeckHe C10Ba H BhIpAkeHHs 3 opcemHeBHOit pasronopHOll pen, cTateil H rlepenax CMM, a ‘TakoKe paar OROpHBIe M «KOPOTKHE>, COKPAllIEHHMe, CORA, KE BO- IMIeMTUIHe B SSBIK eTICHXOTpeNa», KOPTIOpATHEBHOTO GuaHeca H COBPE- MeHHsilt OGulecTReHHO-HOMHTHYECKHIt MeKeHKOH. BoMpOc 0 TOM, XK KaKoil KareropHit MpHHANICKAT BLIOPAHHELe CHOBA, ABIAIOTES OFM 11H TIPOCTO «aHOrOsHAyHH- KaMuo, He CTOMT 3ilech Ha MlepBOM THTaHe, 9TO MeCTO OTREMTEHO MI anianusa ux sHauenait a byRKHH. Tipenmaraemas swrraresuo KHMTa HUKAK He Hperenayer 1a Bee- oGenstoumik xapakrep. Oxia — He cHoBaph u He SHIMKTOMEAHA, BMOsIHe BepOsTHO, YTO “urTaTeNb He HaibIeT 3ec KAKOE-THOO MH- ‘repecyioulee ero ciloBe4Ko, CKopee BCeTO, KHHTY B 1LE10M MOXKHO HasBarb OOM O63POM HOBOTO Win Bsimmparor. TlocoOue conepxsT Hemant Ha6Op TAKUX Os COMMUCCKHX HW MHOTOSHAYHBIX CHOB HM BUIPAKEHHI, KOTOPHIC, Ha Moit BsTasuL, npeNcraBTNOT OCG TPYAHYIO poGNeMy pH Tie peworte Ha pyecKHH 138K Ho OHO! H TOHLIKe pute. STO — npeit- cbonanie ux OcHOBHOTO CMBICMA B CeMaHTHYECKOM MPOCTPAHCTBE It TORBITeHMe MHOXECTBA NPYTHX CMBICHOB, YXORAIIMX LAEKO OF Hep- poHayabHOTO. Tipmepsr HoBbIX H rlomceNmrHecKHX exTHHI BSATEL H3 Gece 1 peveit HocHTeneit arrmiicKoro si36IKa, a TaICKE 113 NYONMKALAH B amepnkaxcKoit neyarn. Temstit pal iitrarix maepxex ananTH- popaHl YW Lieve TIpeivlaraeMoro MocoGua: onymerTHEtit MaTepsamt Mor Obi TOKO anyTaTb PYccKoTOROpsIero YHTATeNA HH, 110 Kpaiivieli Mepe, He cTYKHTS MpaMoft WLMOcrpanHelk crloB-Mpuse- pos. B cKoOKax nocne MHOrHX aHtimulickHx ¢pas H BEpAXeHHT, ocoGertHo TPYAUBNX ANA HTaTeNs, AAIOTeR Hx TepeBOMT Ha PYCCKHL SSKIK TONHOCTHIO HTH YACTHUHO B KAYECTBC KIOYEBBIX CH1OB. Heonorusasl, KoTopHie can 110 ceGe He TpeGyiOT OGESICHEHH, HO BKMOYCHD B MPEIVIORCHHA MCKMONHTETBHO C HembIO HUUTOCTp ALE MpUMepaMit, HONeDKHYTEL 8 TeKcTe, AHATHSMpYEMBIE CHIOBA BBIe- JeHBL Kypeusom u acupuoLn upudmon. B Kouiue Keka! awe MpeN- JaraioTcA YNPAKHEHUA C NEMO SaKPETNTS NOHMMARHE YKE npowwTansix crpanmu. B caMoM KOHUe KHHTH MOMeMIeH CIHCOK ‘COB C ykasaHneM CrpaHMUsi, Ha KOTOpOH aliaNHsHpyeTeH KUXKMOE 3 HIM. 20 Yopaxnenua |, Yro nonpasywesaerca nog cnoBaMi «oMOKHMD, «nOAMCEMMRD, comoroshasiocro»? Mpsepie ma npiNepa a kanal KarerophM o-pYCCKH W O-aHTAMiCRH M NpeaMONTE Wx Nepesonts. 6. faire onpegenene cnosa buzzword. B. B en cyre runoreats Canupa-Vopiba? Cormac aK 8x csT0% Teopnell? F.Mepesenie a pyCcKHI sabK cneayioune npennonenis, o6pauas ocoBentioe shisanue Ha noqvepxayrae cnosa: 1. John could not bear to see the crowds in the z00 laughing atthe white polar bear. 2. The state of California has passed a law legalizing gay marriage 3, Last night we went to see a delicious new comedy on Broadway. 4. The vanilla ice cream in that restaurant, served with fresh berries and whipped cream, was particularly delicio 5. Astronomers today are fuzzy optimistic about life in outer space. 6. There isa fuzziness in the words we commonly use to describe ourselves. 7. He is a person who only eats food products grown locally, in his home town. 8. Fred never really embraced the platform of the Democratic Party — his ideas are just too conservative. 9. That movie was totally awesome ~ I've never seen such extraordinary actors. 10. I did badly on that exam because I thought it would be a real slam-dunk, but there were some tough questions. 11, [twas so empowering when I won the grant fellowship — then Iknew I could finish my thesis this year. 12, She's getting married? That's huge! 13, That play was really huge — I wouldn't mind seeing it again. a1Npumevanns * Ralph Waldo Emerson, Letters and Social Aims, “Quotation and Originality” (Boston: J.R. Osgood, 1876), p. 177. “A.A. Janmanak, lexwis, MTV 1 oxrsGpa 2008, dlectNbanb anarancrax ‘tp: //lingvofreaks.narod.tu/zaliznyak. htm, K stony Benya pycckni avirenct MH. doure noSansn: «Asie cena Haxopira a npouecce CnOXENIA 8 Hem wHo- kecrao HeyaH20k npoSenoe,cmpYKTYPHBX Yen, HeTOsWOcTeA, Gecenicniup, M. Snurreiin, http://www. novayagazeta.ru/data/2009/075/22.htmL, Hosas razera, wi “epauio ¢ Enevoi fbaowoh, 15.07.2009. + H.f. Bypontosa, 8. Koctonapos, Huan musonemaen Menovax (Canar-fle- sep6ypr:Inavoyr, 2006), c. 3. N.A. Kpotray, «Pyccil awk Ha rpaNin Hepeworo cptizan (Mocira: Asin nash xynsryp, 2007). *Bgece He auanvanpyerca amerian erpanawin akranckoro naWK, 470 oC ‘eno spre npossunocs 8 nocneaine ron 8 NEKCAKe aMePICKI NOMITIROB 13 Benaro gona » 80 Bpexs npeaekiopH xawnavine 2008 ropa KangwAaTO® w Npe aigewr. Cnncnooue nsncycs Guewero npeanaenra xopAa Bywa M pecryGni xavloro kananpara na nocr enye-npesigetra Cap flan crann npeyweTom Ha ‘newex sce crpanu. pnvepu omy ~ wonpoc Byua: “Is our children learning?” (Hew York Times, 10/5/08, p. 11), ero aansnenve no nonogy rro, wo amepaahckne avvaKonnasiu eox06NosHm CHOW AeRTenbiocrs nocne 11 cexTabpA 2001 rona, “This Thursday, tcket counters and airplanes wll fly out of Ronald Reogan aiport™ (Wew York Times, 1/2/08, p. 11). Crone npnNitweio w enoKATHoYreepxneHe Tiannt 010%, s10 “Its fom Alaska that we send those out to make sue that an eye is being kept on this very powerful nation, Russia, because they are right there” (New York Times, 10/5/08, p. 11). ‘Hew York Times, 5/25/09, p. 13. Cu, A.A. Zannonnk, MnozosnavHocms 8 asin u cnaco6w ee npedcmasnenue (Mockea: asin caanancunx xynbiyp, Sta Pilalogica, 2006), c, 20: «Ton nonu- enue ou nonNatoT mau NeKCHecRyO RHOTOSHAKHOCT, 8 TO PENA KaK Tepe tn mceosnownocms We CoRepAT 3TOrO OrpasinventaD. "AA. Baniauiat, TOM we, c. 15. NH. Snare, «tro ckazan 3nurtein “Hegene”», Hedenr/Mseecmus, 4 wona 2008, ¢. 5. "Steven Pinkar, The tuff of Thoughts Language as @ Window into Human Nature (New Yorke Viking, 2007), p. 119. "*Ruth Reichl Editor-in-Chief, Gourmet magazine, 8 New York Times, 5/20/2001, Styles p. 2. ‘easel ~ 8 nepesone wa pyccai ~ Gyxbanutio «ropnocrafe. Mt, Sure, http://w, novayagazeta,ru/éata/2009/075/22. html Hoses 2a- ema, wstepane ¢ Enevok fibaKovoi, 15.07.2009. “Avani eceso2MOKRX BaphatToR obpasoeakis u xateropu nonicennn ne sxoqr sanavy wacroswero nanan. Bpycexoi amhrancrae, HanpHMep,ecrs no HATA 0 (OBveaNeH B ORHON CHORE Ray OTveNnHKO pasHek HO ph 30m He ssaunowcenosaioux Apyr Apyra nonAWA); 0 «cnnase» (coBMeWenMn Ipaworo W nepetocvoro aHaveuini 8 ORNON cnoBe; 0 enepLiaNii, MnMOCTPHPYO- 2 ten snavenme cnowa 0 npHAHne TepxapvollcenawrunH (Kora ona Wa KE eK cneckan envi veer aHaNene X®8 nepsox crysae, Y 60 sTOPOK, @ Ze TpeTbeH) (oH. A.A. 3anannk, HigeoaHouocms @ sane vcnocoSw ee npedcmaarenus, . 27~ 31). Banepukancxol nurancrnxe npeo6napaiorTaKue NowATHs 0 mOMACENIH,KaK “semantic broadening" (pacupenne cevanraveckoronions cnosa), “semantic nar- rowing" (eykenue cenataveckoro ona cnoea) u “semantic df" (cenavrayeckit spelt) ~ ronetienue craporo axavewna @ TeveHKe AnMTensHorD nepvoRa BpeMeHA HacTonbKo, WTo coBpeweHvioe ahaveHKe yme He UMEer HnNerO O6WIeTO ¢ NpeRMAy= ‘ui. Hanprmep, nono “silly” (rym) 8 gaeKow npownon oskavano “Blessed” (Graxentsi) (ohn McWhorter, The Story of Human Language: Course Guidebook {Chantly, VA The Teaching Company, 2004), . 190. AA, Saran 43, “New York Times, 3/12/09, p. BB. New York Times, 3/20/09, p. 3. "New York Times Book Review, 3/29/09, p.5. *amanda Hesser, “The Commander in Chie,” New York Times, 5/31/08. 10 Ch, Sn Buccon, Pycerue npoSnene @ axenuiicxod pew: coed u pass 6 oumexcme dayx rynemyp (Mocksa,P. Baneu, 2007), c. 29-48, "Susan Jacoby, “Best isthe New Worst,” New York Times, 5/30/08, . A21. * Edward Sapir, “The Status of Linguistics as a Science,” Language NSS (1929), p24, Kar scan vagecrnil nanexii yven Kanyuynicnn, “the focus ofthe Sapir-Whort hypothesis of so-called linguistic relativity. n the simplest ter says that thinking is formed onthe basis of language, and as we speak in different languages, each of us creates his own image ofthe word, unlike any othe. These ‘mages are nat compatible and are not replaceable. For this reason dialogue, though not impossible, demands a serious effort, patience, andthe wil of its participants to understand and communicate. Being aware of the fat that in conversing with the Other Iam communing with someone who at the same time sees the world dif- ferentl from me and understands itn another way is important in creating a pos- itive atmosphere for dialogue.” Ryszard Kapuscinski, The Other (London: Verso), 2008, p. 43. Taw me, c. 14. HfL Byponnosa w B.T. Kocromapos, c. 9. Cn. George Lakoff and Mark Johnzon, The Metaphors We Live By (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press), 1980. "A.]L meres, «28onioyia 82uKOBOR KATH Mpa M KynETypa pews, Russian Language Journal, Volume 58, 2008, p. 246. "Prevention, April, 2008, p. 8. anol npumep MOxiIo, cTpore rozops, Hasear® weTabopori, Ho 3pece mks HeeN eno ¢ Henonbsonalinen Toro BuipaMeHMs 8 CORCEM ApyrOM KOHTeKCTe. Don Watson, Death Sentences: How Clichés, Weasel Words, and Management: Speak are Strangling Public Language (Gotham Books: New York, 2005), p. 6, ‘on, Take New York Times Book Review, 9/28/08, p. 11. \Wutrition Newsletter, July-August, 2008, p. 4. AA. Janus, c. 44. 23