LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-

T GROUP-
8

PREPARATI
ONFORI NORGANICCOMPOUNDS: ANALYSI
SONTHEPRODUCED
CRYSTALSOFFERROUSAMMONI UM SULPHATE,POTASHALUM ANDCOMPLEX
POTASSI
UM TRI
OXALATOFERRATE(II
I)

AnalysisBy:
DelosSant os,Angel
o
Dizon, Mae
Pocot,
Mar ianneFait
h

Submit
tedTo:
Dr
.Chel
aMarieCeni
a

Int
hisdayof
Jul
y26,2021
 LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

SUMMARY:

Thislaboratoryreportwasallabouttheanal
ysi
sandobservat
ionsonthe
preparati
onofi norganiccompounds; pur
esampleoffer
rousammoni um sul
phat
e
(Mohr’ssalt)
,puresampl eofpotashalum (
Fit
kar
i)
,andpuresampleofthecomplex
potassium tr
ioxalatof
errate(I
II
).

Theai
m ofthi
slaborator
yrepor
twer
etostudyandlear
naboutinor
gani
c
compoundsandt oobserveandanal
yset
hecry
stalspr
oducedi
nt hesampleoft
he
thr
eeprepar
edinorgani
ccompounds.

Theanal y
stswat chedt heexperimenti nthegi
venv i
deoandcar ef
ull
yobser ved
andanalysedt heprocesses, theexperimentwassuccessf ulbecauseofthepr oper
usageofl aborat
oryequi pment sandglasswar es,
andt hepreparedsol
uti
ons.Itwas
al
soduet othegivenpr ocedurebyf ol
lowingitallt
hroughouttheexperi
mentwi t
h
properprecati
onsandhandl ingofsolutions.Theanalyst
salsodi dasi
mul ati
ont o
properl
yexper i
encether ightwayt odot heexperi
menti nordertoobserv
et he
processesandmakeaconcl usi
onoutofi t.

Theanaly
stsfoundt hataccor
dingtoamri
ta.
olabs.edu.
in,
.(2013),i
norgani
c
compoundsaresubstancesthatdonotcomef r
om liv
ingthings.I
norganicCompounds
aref
ormedbynon-li
vi
ngnat uralpr
ocessesorbylaborator
ypreparati
onmet hods.

Theanalystsconcl
udedt hatinthepur esampleofFer r
ousAmmoni um Sul
phate
(Mohr’
ssalt),i
twasobser vedthatthecr y
stal
spr oducedwerepalebluegreenincolor
andhadamonocl ini
cshape.Inthepur esampl eofPot ashAlum (
Fit
kari
),i
twas
observedthatthecryst
alsproducedwer ecolorlessandhadanoct ahedralshape.I
n
thepuresampl eoftheCompl exPot assi
um Trioxalat
oferr
ate(I
II
),i
twasobser vedt
hat
thecryst
alsproducedwer eemer al
dgr eenincolorandhadanoct ahedralshape.

OBJECTI
VES:

Thepurposesofthi
slaboratoryreportwere::
 Tost udyandlear
nabouti norganiccompounds.
 Toobser veandanaly
set hepr oducedcrystal
soft hethreeinorganiccompounds
int
heexperiment
:
*
Apur esampl
eoff err
ousammoni um sul phate(Mohr ’
ssalt)[
FeSO4.
(NH4)2SO4.6H2O] .
*
Apur esampl
eofpot ashal um (Fi
tkar
i)[K2SO4.Al2(SO4) 3.24H2O].
*
Apur esampl
eoft hecompl expot
assium t r
ioxal
atoferr
ate(II
I)
,
K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
.3H2O.
LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

METHODOLOGI
ES:

A.)Pr eparat
ionofpur esampl eofFerr
ousammoni
um sulphat
e( Mohr’
ssal
t)
[
FeSO4. (
NH4) 2SO4.6H2O]
MATERI ALS:
*
Ferroussul phate *Ammoni um sul
phat
e *
Dil.Sul
phur
icacid
*
Ethy l
alcohol *Dist
il
ledwat er *Beakers
*
Chinadi sh *Funnel *Glassrod
*
Tripodst and *
Wi regauze *BunsenBurner
*
Washbot tle *
Measur ingjar *Electr
oni
cbalance

PROCEDURE:
1.Took7gf erroussul phateand3. 5gammoni um sul phateinacl ean250ml beaker
.
2.Addedabout2- 3ml ofdil.
sul
phur icacidt opr eventt hehy dr
olysisofferrous
sulphate.
3.Inanot herbeaker ,boil
edabout20ml ofwat erfor5mi nutes.
4.Addedt heboi linghotwat ertot hecont entsi nthef i
rstbeakerinsmal lquantit
ies
atat i
me.
5.Stir
redt hecont entsoft hebeakerwi t
hagl assr odunt ilt
hesal tshave
compl etelydi ssolved.
6.Fil
teredt hesol utionintoachi nadi sh.
7. Heatedt hesol ut
ionint hechinadi shunt il
itscr ystalli
sati
onpoi ntwasr eached.
8.Thent ransf erredt hesoluti
oni ntoacr ystall
isingdi shandkepti tundist
urbed.
Oncool ing, cr
y st
alsofMohr ’
ssal tsepar ate.
9.Decant edt hemot herliquorandwashedt hecr ystalswithasmal lquanti
tyof
alcohol andt hendr i
edt hecry
st alsbypl acingt hem bet weenf i
lterpaperpads.

B.Preparat
ionofpur
esampl eofpotashalum (
Fit
kar
i)[
K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3.
24H2O]
MATERI ALS:
*
Potassi
um sulphat
e *Aluminium sul
phat
e *
Dil.Sulphuri
cacid
*
Dist
il
ledwater *Beakers *Chinadish
*
Funnel *
Glassr od *
Tripodst and
*
Wiregauze *
BunsenBur ner
*
Washbot tl
e *Measur i
ngjar *El
ectronicbalance

PROCEDURE:
1.Took2. 5gpotassium sul phatecrystal
sinacl eanbeaker.
2.Added20ml ofdisti
ll
edwat erandwasst i
rreditusingaglassrodunti
lthe
crystal
swer ecompl etel
ydi ssol
v ed.
3.Took10gal uminium sul phateinanot herbeaker.
4.Addedabout20ml ofdistil
ledwat erand1ml ofdil.
sulphur
icacidt
oit.
5.Heat edthecontentsoft hebeakerf orabout5mi nutes.
6.Mi xedthetwosol uti
onsi nachi nadish.
7. Heatthesoluti
oni nthechi nadishf orsomet imetoconcentratei
ttothe
LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

crystal
li
sationpoint
.
8.Transferredthesoluti
onintoacrystal
l
isi
ngdishanddidnotdist
urbit.
Oncool ingcryst
alsofpotashalum separ
ate.
9.Decantedt hemot herl
iquorandwashedt hecryst
alswithasmallquant
it
yofi
ce-
coldwat er.
10.
Driedthecr yst
alsbyplaci
ngthem betweenfil
terpaperpads.

C.Pr eparati
onofthecompl exPotassium t
ri
oxal
atof
errat
e(II
I)
{
K3[
Fe( C2O4) 3].
3H2O}
MATERI ALS:
*
Fer
r i
cchl ori
de *Hydratedoxali
cacid *Hy dr
atedpotassium oxal
ate
*
Potassium hy droxi
de * Dist
il
ledwat er *
Beakers
*
Chinadish *Funnel *
Glassrod
*
Tri
podst and *Wiregauze *BunsenBur ner
*
Washbot tl
e *
Measur i
ngjar *
Elect
ronicbalance

PROCEDURE:
1.Took3. 5gofanhy drousferricchlori
dei na250ml beakerandwasdi ssol vedi tin
50ml wat er.
2.Inanot herbeaker ,itwasdi ssolved4gofpot assium hy droxi
dei n50ml water.
3.Addedpot assium hy droxidet oferri
cchl ori
desol utioninsmal l proportionswhi l
e
itwasst i
rredconst antly
.
4.Filt
eredt hepr ecipitateoff erri
chy droxideformedt hroughaBuchnerf unnel and
itwaswashedwi thdi sti
ll
edwat er.
5.Inanot herbeaker ,mi xed4gofhy dratedoxal icacidand5. 5gofhy drated
potassium oxal ate.
6.Addedabout100ml ofwat erandwasst i
rredthemi xturethoroughl ytogeta
clearsol ution.
7.Addedt hef reshlypr eparedf err
ichydr oxideprecipitateinsmal l amount st ot he
abov esol utionwhi l
eitwasst i
rredconst antlyuntilthepr eci
pitatewasdi ssolv ed.
8.Filt
eredt heabov esol uti
oni ntoachi nadi shandheat edi toverasandbat hunt i
l
itscrystalli
sationpoi ntwasr eached.
9.Placedt hechi nadi shinabeakerf ullofcol dwat erandkepti tasi def orfil
tration.
10.
Cov eredt hechi nadi shwi thapi eceofbl ackpaperbecauset hecompl exi s
sensitivel i
ght.
11.
Decant edt hemot herl i
quor ,washedt hecr ystalswi thasmal lamountofet hyl
alcohol anddr i
edt hem bet weent hef oldsoff il
terpaper .
 LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

DISCUSSION:
Accordi
ngtoamr it
a.olabs.edu.i
n,
.(2013),
inor
ganiccompoundsar esubstances
thatdonotcomef rom li
vingt hi
ngs.Theyareformedbynon- l
i
v i
ngnatur
alprocessesor
bylaborator
ypreparat
ionmet hods.Thebranchofchemistr
ythatdealswit
ht he
behav i
ourandpropert
iesofi norgani
ccompoundsi scall
edInorgani
cChemi str
y.
I
nor gani
ccompoundsar ef oundi nnatur
eintheform ofmineral
s.

Basedonamr i
ta.olabs. edu.in,.(
2013) ,therear etwodi ff
erenttypesofi nor gani
c
compounds.Thet woi mpor tantclassesofi norgani ccompoundsar eCoor dination
CompoundsandDoubl eSal ts:
 Coor dinationcompounds( compl excompounds)
 Compl excompoundsar ef ormedbyal argenumberoft ransiti
onmet al
si nwhich
themet alatom i sboundt oneut ralmol ecul esort onegat i
vel
ychar gedspeci es
calledligands.Theel ement sofgr oup3- 12ar ecalledtransi
tionmet als.
 Thesecompoundsar eal socal l
edcoor di
nat i
oncompounds.Thel i
gandsdonat e
electronst othemet al at
omsandt hemet al atomsacceptt heseel ectronst o
form al igand-met al coor dinatebond.Thenumberofl igandsdi rect
lybondedt o
thecent r
al metal atom i scal l
edt hecoor di nat i
onnumberofacompl ex.The
structureofcoor dinat ioncompoundswasf irstproposedbyAl f
redWer ner.He
proposedt heconceptofapr i
mar yvalenceandsecondar yvalenceforamet al
i
on.Pr i
mar yv alencesar esat i
sfiedbyt hecent rali
onsandsecondar yv alences
aresat isfi
edbyt hel i
gands.Secondar yvalencei sequal t
othecoor dinat i
on
number .

 Onexampl eisPot assi um tr

ioxalatofer
rat e(III
){K3[ Fe( C2O4) 3].
3H2O}
 Potassi um tr
ioxalat oferr
ate( I
II
)isacoor dinationcompound.I nthiscompl ex,
i
roni sthecent ralmet alionandoxal at
e[ (C2O4) 2-]ist hel i
gand.Oxal ateisa
bidentat el
i
gandi nwhi chtwooxy genatomsdonat eel ectronstot hecent r
alir
on
atom.I tisanoct ahedr altr
ansiti
onmet al compl exi nwhi chi r
oni sinthe+3
oxidati
onst ate.Sowecansayt hati ncompl expot assi um tri
oxalatof
er r
ate(II
I)
,
thecent ralFe3+ioni soct ahedrallysurroundedbybi dent ateoxalateligands.
Potassi um actsast hecount erion, andt heFe3+i on, alongwi ththeligand,
constitutethecoor dinati
onspher e.Thest ructureisshownbel ow.
LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

 Ot
herexampl
esar
e[Co(
NH3)
6]3+,
[Pt
Cl4]
2-,
Ni(
CO)
4.

 Incoordinat
ioncompounds, thecentral
met alionandtheligandsatt
achedt oit
areenclosedinasquar ebracketandarecollecti
vel
ytermedast hecoordinati
on
sphere.Theionisibl
egroupiswr i
tt
enoutsidethebracketandi scal
l
edcount er
i
on.Forexampl e, i
nthecompl ex,
K2[PdCl4],
thecoordinat
ionsphereis[PdCl4]2-
andthecount erionisK+.

 DoubleSal
ts
 Doublesal
tsar ecompoundst hatcontai
nmorethanonecat i
onoranion.Doubl
e
sal
tsareobtainedbyt hecombinati
onoftwodiff
erentsal
ts.Thet
wosal ts
cry
stal
li
setoget hertofor
m asingl
esubstance,
butitioni
sesastwodistinct
sal
tswhendi ssolvedinwater
.Thepr oper
ti
esofdoublesalt
saredi
fferentfr
om
i
tscomponentsi ngl
esalt
s.

 Oneexampl eisFerr ousammoni um sulphate(

Mohr
’ssal
t)
[FeSO4.(NH4) 2SO4.6H2O]
 Ferrousammoni um sul phat
eisadoubl e
saltofferroussulphat eandammoni um
sulphate( Mohr’ssalt).I
thasthef ormula
FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4. 6H2O.I tcontainstwo
diff
erentcat i
onsFe2+andNH4+.I ti
sused
asapr imar ystandardi nvol
umet r
icanalysi
s.
Thecr ystalsareli
ghtgr eencolouredand
aremonocl i
nicinshape.

 Anot herexampl eisAl um.Al umsar ethemostcommonexampl esofdoubl

e
salts.Thesear edoubl esulphateshav i
nggener al f
or mula
X2SO4. M2( SO4)3.24H2O
Wher eX=monov al
entcat ionsuchasK+, Na+, NH4+et c.
M =t rival
entcationsuchasAl 3+, Fe3+,Cr3+et c.
 Ifyout akePotashal um ( Fi
tkari
)[K2SO4. Al2(SO4) 3.24H2O],
i
tisadoubl esaltofpot assium sulphateandal umi nium
sulphate.Thecr ystalsofpot ashalum ar eoct ahedral i
n
shapeandar ehighlysol ubl
ei nwat er.I
tiscommonl yusedin
thepur if
icat
ionofwat er
.

 Otherexamplesar eSodaalum (
Na2SO4.Al2(
SO4)3.
24H2O),
Ferr
icalum
(NH4)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O)et
c.
 Thesearecrystal
l
inesoli
dsandaresolubl
einwater
.Duetohydr
olysi
s,t
hei
r
aqueoussoluti
onshaveacidi
ccharact
er.
LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

Tofurt
herdiscussthepreparat
ionforinor
ganiccompounds,theanaly
stswere
gi
venat askto:
 Fill
outtheobservati
onpar t
-wei
ght,shapeandcolorofcry
stalsfor
med.Forthe
comput ati
on,showcompl etesol
ution.
 Apur esampl eoffer
rousammoni um sulphate(
Mohr’ssal
t)[FeSO4.(NH4)
2SO4.
6H2O]
Weight-
->10.39g
Color--
--
>Pal eBlue-
Green
Shape--
->Monocl ini
c

->Afteraddi
ngdilut
esulphuri
cacidintothemi xt
ureofferroussulphateand
ammoni um sulphatemixedinabeaker,thesolut
ionturnedintoacolorofdar kblue
green.Thenextwasheat ingthesol
uti
oni nthechinadishuntili
tscry
st al
l
isat
ionpoint
i
sr eachedandaf t
ersomet imetheheatedsoluti
onwasf i
l
teredandamonocl ini
cin
shapecr y
stalswereleft
.

 Apuresampleofpot
ashal
um (
Fit
kar
i)[
K2SO4.Al
2(SO4)
3.24H2O]
.
Weight-
->13.
57g
Color--
--
>Col
orl
ess
Shape--
->Oct
ahedr
al

->Af t
ermi xingthesoluti
onsofpot assi
um sulphateandal uminum sul
phateinachina
dish,themi xedsolut
iondidn'tchangeincolorandi nsteaditwascolor
lessor
transparentinnakedey es.Thenextwasheat ingt hesoluti
oninthechinadishforsome
ti
met oconcentratei
tt oit
'scryst
alli
sat
ionpoint,andaf t
ersomet i
met heheated
soluti
onwasf il
ter
edinaf il
tr
ationpaperandanoct ahedrali
nshapeemer ged.
 LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

 Apuresampleoft
hecompl
expot
assi
um t
ri
oxal
atof
err
ate(
II
I)
,K3[
Fe(
C2O4)
3].
3H2O
Weight-
->10.
56g
Color--
--
>Emeral
dGreen
Shape--
->Oct
ahedral

->Thef ir
ststept akenwasmi xingthesol
utionsofanhy drousf erri
cchl ori
deand
potasi um hydroxidei nabeakerinordertogettheprecipit
ateoff erri
chy droxide.I
n
anot herbeaker ,soluti
onsofhy dr
atedoxali
candhy dratedpot assi
um oxal atewas
mix ed, af
termi xi
ngt hesoluti
ons,thefi
l
teredferr
ichydroxidewasaddedi ntoitcreat
ing
alightgr eenincol orsoluti
on.Theupperpartofthemi xedsol uti
onwasf il
teredand
afteritwasheat edi nchinadi
shov erasandbathuntilitscrystal
li
sationpoi ntis
reached, afterthesol ut
ionwasheat ed,
anoctahedralinshapecr yst
alswer ef ormed.
 LABORATORYREPORT OCHE121-
T GROUP-
8

CONCLUSI ON:
Theanal y
stsconcl udedt hattheywer eabletost udyaboutinorganiccompounds
andl earnedthatinor gani
ccompoundsar esubst ancesthatdonotcomef r
om liv
ing
thi
ngs.I norganiccompoundsar ef ormedbynon- li
vi
ngnat ural
processesorby
l
abor atorypreparat i
onmet hods.I twasal sostatedt hatther
ear etwodi fferentty
pesof
i
nor ganiccompounds, t
heCoor di
nat i
onCompoundsandDoubl eSal ts.
Theanal y
stsal soconcl udedt hattheywer eablet oobserveandanal ysedthe
producedcr y
stalsoft hethreeinor ganiccompoundsi ntheexper i
ment .Int hepure
sampl eofFer rousAmmoni um Sul phate(Mohr ’
ssal t
)[FeSO4.(NH4) 2SO4.6H2O] ,it
wasobser vedthatt hecrystalsproducedwer epal ebluegreenincol or,hada
monocl ini
cshapeandawei ghof10. 39g.Inthepur esampl eofPot ashAl um (Fit
kar i
)
[K2SO4.Al 2(SO4) 3.24H2O] ,itwasobser vedthatthecr yst
alsproducedwer ecol
orless,
hadanoct ahedral shape,andawei ghtof13.57g.Int hepuresampl eoft heCompl ex
Potassi um Tri
oxalat of
err
ate( II
I),
K3[ Fe(C2O4)3].3H2O, itwasobser vedt hatthe
crystalsproducedwer eemer al
dgr eenincol or
,hadanoct ahedralshape, andawei ght
of10. 56g.

REFERENCE:
amrit
a.ol
abs.
edu.i
n,
.(2013)
.Preparati
onofInor
gani
cCompounds.Ret
ri
eved20Jul
y
2021,fr
om amri
ta.
olabs.
edu.
in/?sub=73&br
ch=8&si
m=114&cnt
=1