Or

gani
zat
ionalBehav
ior

December2021Exami
nat
ion

Q1.I
nyourcur
rentoccupat
ion,
descr
ibet
het
op5abi
li
ti
est
hathel
pyouper
for
myour
r
oleef
fect
ivel
y.Basedony
ouranal
ysi
s,j
ust
if
ywi
thappr
opr
iat
eexampl
es,whyt
he
abi
li
ti
esofanempl
oyeeshoul
dmat
cht
hej
obr
equi
rement
.(10Mar
ks)

Answer1
I
ntr
oduct
ion
Jobr
equi
rement
sar
ethej
obcapaci
ti
esandcapaci
ti
esf
undament
alf
orapar
ti
cul
ar
posi
ti
on.

Jobr
equi
rement
sar
eregul
arl
ycomposedasasummar
ythatcont
ainst
hef
undament
al
j
obcapaci
ti
es,capaci
ti
esandqual
i
tiest
hatacandi
dat
eoughtt
omusthav
ethechoi
ce
t
opl
ayoutexpl
i
citj
obcommi
tment
s.

Aj
obdepi
cti
oni
sausef
ul,pl
ain-
languagei
nst
rumentt
hatexpl
ainst
heendeav
ors,
commi
tment
s,capaci
tyandcommi
tment
sofaposi
ti
on.I
tnuanceswhopl
aysouta
speci
fi
csor
tofwor
k,howt
hatwor
kist
obedone,andt
her
epeatandt
hej
ust
if
icat
ion
f
ort
hewor
kasi
trel
atest
otheaf
fi
li
ati
on'
sfundament
alobj
ect
iveandt
arget
s.Job
por
tray
alsar
eusedf
oranar
rangementofr
easons,f
ori
nst
ance,choosi
ngpayl
evel
s,
dr
ivi
ngexecut
ionov
erv
iews,cl
ari
fyi
ngmi
ssi
ons,dev
elopi
ngt
it
lesandpaygr
ades,and
maki
ngr
easonabl
ecomf
ortcont
rol
s,andasani
nst
rumentf
orsel
ect
ing.Jobdepi
cti
ons
ar
eimpor
tanti
ncal
l
ingor
gani
zi
ng,of
fer
ingpl
anni
ngpr
act
icesanddev
elopi
ngl
egal
r
equi
rement
sfor consi
stence pur
poses.A j
ob por
tray
algi
ves a speci
ali
st an
unquest
ionabl
eandcompactr
esour
cef
orbeusedasanassi
stantf
orj
obexecut
ion.I
n
l
i
keway
,achi
efcanuseaj
obdepi
cti
onasanassessi
ngcont
rapt
iont
oensur
ethatt
he
l
abor
eri
smeet
ingj
obpr
esumpt
ions.

Thoughtandappl
i
cat
ion

Jobdepi
cti
onshoul
dconsol
i
dat
e

Thegoi
ngwi
thsubj
ect
sshoul
dbef
used:

• Jobt
it
le—nameoft
heposi
ti
on.

• Cl
assi
fi
cat
ion—pr
ohi
bit
ed ornonexemptundert
he Fai
rLaborSt
andar
dsAct
(
FLSA)
.

• Sal
arygr
ade/
lev
el/
fami
l
y/r
ange—payl
evel
s,soci
alaf
fai
rsorpayr
angesi
nto
whi
chj
obsofsomet
hingal
mosti
dent
icalorr
elat
ivewor
thar
eput
,incl
udi
ngl
eastand
mostnot
ewor
thypaybands.

• Repor
tst
o—t
it
leoft
heposi
ti
ont
hisj
obr
epor
tst
o.

• Dat
e—dat
ewhent
hej
obdepi
cti
onwasmadeorl
astst
udi
ed.

• Summar
y/obj
ect
ive—summar
yandbyandl
argef
ocusesoft
hej
ob.
• Essent
iall
i
mit
s—pr
inci
pall
i
mit
s,i
ncl
udi
nghow ani
ndi
vi
duali
stoper
for
mthem
and t
he r
epeatwi
th whi
ch t
he er
rands ar
e wor
ked out
;the t
asks oughtt
o be
f
undament
alf
ort
hej
obwor
kandr
eal
l
ysi
gni
fi
cantorexpect
edt
opl
ayoutt
hej
ob.

• Compet
ency
—dat
a,capaci
ti
esandl
i
mit
s.

• Super
visor
ycommi
tment
s—di
rectr
epor
ts,expect
ingt
obeany
,andt
hel
evelof
ov
ersi
ght
.

• Wor
kenv
ironment
—thewor
kenv
ironment
;temper
atur
e,r
acketl
evel
,insi
deor
out
side,orv
ari
ousf
act
orst
hatwi
l
limpactt
hesi
ngul
ar'
swor
kingcondi
ti
onswhi
l
e
pl
ayi
ngoutt
hej
ob.

• Phy
sicaldemands—t
her
ealdemandsoft
hej
ob,i
ncl
udi
ngbowi
ng,si
tt
ing,l
i
fti
ng
anddr
ivi
ng.

• Posi
ti
ont
ypeandexpect
edext
ensi
vest
ret
chesofwor
k—t
heent
ir
edayorl
ow
suppor
t,conv
ent
ionalwor
khour
sanddev
elopment
s,ext
endedl
engt
hsofweek,and
whet
herornotaddi
ti
onal
timei
sty
pical
.

• Tr
avel
—lev
elof dev
elopment t
ime expect
ed f
or t
he posi
ti
on,wher
ethe
dev
elopmentoccur
s,f
ori
nst
ance,l
ocal
l
yori
nunequi
vocalcount
ri
esorst
ates,and
whet
herornott
hedev
elopmenti
sfornow.

• Requi
red t
utor
ing and exper
ience—gui
dance and exper
ience subj
ect t
o
r
equi
rement
sthatar
ejob-
rel
atedanddependabl
ewi
thbusi
nessneed.
• Pr
efer
redt
utor
ingandexper
ience—suppor
tedpr
epar
ingandexper
iencesubj
ect
t
orequi
rement
sthatar
ejob-
rel
atedandsol
i
dwi
thbusi
nessneed.

• Addi
ti
onalcapabi
l
ityabi
l
iti
es—addi
ti
onalr
equi
rement
sli
keaf
fi
rmat
ions,
indust
ry-
unequi
vocal
exper
ienceandt
heexper
iencewor
kingwi
thexpl
i
citequi
pment
.

• Af
fi
rmat
ive act
ion pl
an/
compar
abl
e wor
k oppor
tuni
ty (
AAP/
EEO)
decr
ee—cl
ause(
s)t
hatf
oll
ows gov
ernmentl
abor
erf
orempl
oy r
equi
rement
s and
pr
act
icesand/
ori
dent
ical
busi
nessoppor
tuni
tyenunci
ati
on.

• Ot
hercommi
tment
s—di
scl
aimer
,seeSt
ep4.

Busi
nesscar
e

I
nanycasecal
l
edbusi
nessshar
pness,t
hisi
sconnect
edt
ounder
standi
nghow an
i
ndust
ryorexpl
i
citaf
fi
li
ati
oncapaci
ti
es-wher
eitsi
tskeepi
ngwat
ch,
whoi
tsopponent
s
ar
eandt
hinki
ngaboutcur
rentheadway
sint
hef
iel
d.

To show busi
nesscar
eyou'
l
lneedt
o show y
ou'
vedoney
ourassessmentont
he
associ
ati
onandt
her
egi
oni
tsi
tsi
n.Cooper
ati
onofaspeci
ali
staf
fi
li
ati
onorr
elev
ant
wor
kexper
iencecansi
mil
arl
ybeusedt
oaddr
esst
hiscapaci
ty.

Ext
raor
dinar
ycommuni
cat
ion
Thi
sisconcer
ninghow obv
iousl
yyouputacr
ossy
ourmusi
ngsandy
ourcapaci
tyt
o
f
ocusonot
her
s.Or
gani
zat
ionswi
l
lrusht
oseehowy
ougat
hersi
mil
ari
ty,
per
suadeand
or
chest
rat
e.

Usey
ourCVorappl
i
cat
iondesi
gnt
ogr
aphunequi
vocalmadeandv
erbaloccur
rences
outofwheny
ou'
veat
tempt
edt
hesecapaci
ti
es.Thi
smi
ghtbeanyopent
alki
ngy
ou'
ve
done,orf
ormi
ngf
oranunder
studypaper
,forexampl
e.Show how y
ouf
it
tedy
our
messaget
othepr
inci
plev
est
edpar
ty.

Conv
inci
ngpowerandmanagement

Whet
herornoty
ou'
renotpur
sui
ngamanagementj
ob,y
ou'
l
lregar
dlesshav
etodi
spl
ay
t
oor
gani
zat
ionst
haty
oumi
ghtper
hapsani
mat
eandgui
deot
her
stoachi
evet
ypi
cal
obj
ect
ions.Conf
ir
mat
iont
hecapaci
tyofsel
f-
management-showi
ngasi
tuat
ionwher
e
y
ou'
vemanagedy
ourownt
imev
iabl
y.

Onappl
i
cat
ionst
ruct
ures,det
ailcondi
ti
onswher
eyou'
vegot
tent
heoppor
tuni
tyt
o
desi
gn and putt
oget
herendeav
orsdur
ing y
ourendor
sementori
n ext
ra-
cur
ri
cul
ar
act
ivi
ti
es,f
ori
nst
ance,schoolcl
ubsandsoci
alor
der
s.Thecapaci
tyt
ohandl
eissues
andconf
li
ctsi
sforeachsi
tuat
ionsi
gni
fi
cant
lyr
egar
dedbychoi
ceagent
s.

Or
chest
rat
ingandassessmentcapaci
ti
es

To accompl
i
shexpl
i
citwor
kendeav
ors,y
oumayneedt
o comeup wi
thapr
oper
st
rat
egyandappr
oach.Thi
scoul
dincor
por
atel
ooki
ngoutsi
gni
fi
canti
nfor
mat
ionf
rom
v
ari
oussour
ces.How y
ousepar
ate,t
ransl
ateandr
epor
tthesedi
scl
osur
esi
swhat
's
cr
it
ical
her
e.
Componentt
he si
gni
fi
cantcapaci
ti
es t
haty
ou'
ve made dur
ing y
ourdecl
arat
ion -
scr
uti
nizi
ngar
oundasubj
ectandr
esear
chi
ngt
hati
nfor
mat
ionpr
ecedi
ngcr
eat
inga
wor
k,f
ori
nst
ance,
orunr
avel
i
ngt
heout
comesofacoher
entassessment
.

Adapt
abi
l
ity

Af
fi
li
ati
onsneedt
ost
aygenui
nesoi
t'
sfundament
alf
orshow manager
sthaty
ou'
re
pr
epar
edt
oaccl
i
mat
etonew condi
ti
onsandexper
tnew capaci
ti
esi
nthewor
kpl
ace.
Hav
ingt
hismast
eryf
urt
her
mor
etel
l
sor
gani
zat
ionst
haty
ou'
reani
cepi
oneerwho
handl
eschal
l
engeswel
l
.

Todemonst
rat
ethi
siny
ourappl
i
cat
iony
oucoul
duseoccur
rencesofaper
iody
ou'
ve
gai
nednew capaci
ti
esorcy
clesatschoolorasi
tuat
ionwheny
ou'
veaccl
i
mat
edt
oa
newort
est
ingsi
tuat
ioni
nyourl
owupkeepj
ob.

Concl
usi
on

Jobr
equi
rement
sar
e"out
ri
ghtnecessi
ti
es"t
hatabusi
nessi
slooki
ngf
ori
nacandi
dat
e
f
orapar
ti
cul
arj
obposi
ti
on.

Rat
hert
hanst
andar
dper
spect
ives,j
obr
equi
rement
sar
en'
tjustanov
erv
iewofex
press
j
obcapaci
ti
es,
prepar
ing,
dat
aandcapaci
ti
esneededf
orapar
ti
cul
arposi
ti
on.

Jobr
equi
rement
sar
eanunbel
i
evabl
eoppor
tuni
tyt
ogr
andst
andy
ourEmpl
oyerBr
and
andcompani
onscul
tur
eandat
tractt
hebestcandi
dat
es!

A dr
aftoft
hej
obdepi
cti
onshoul
dbeacquai
ntedwi
thuppermanagementandt
he
posi
ti
onsuper
visorf
orr
evi
ewandunder
wri
ti
ng.Adr
aftal
l
owsachancet
ost
udy
,addor
r
emov
eanydet
ail
bef
oret
hel
astj
obdepi
cti
oni
suphel
d.

Thel
astj
obpor
tray
alsshoul
dbekepti
nast
rongr
egi
on,
andcopi
esshoul
dbeusedf
or
j
obpost
ings,i
nter
views,comf
ortdemands,payov
erv
iewsandexecut
ionassessment
s.
Or
gani
zat
ionsmaymor
eov
erwi
sht
opostt
hem ont
hei
rint
ranet
.

Q2.I
sper
cept
ionmanagementappl
icabl
eincur
rentt
imeswhenwear
ewor
kingf
rom
homev
irt
ual
lyandnoti
nter
act
ingper
sonal
lywi
thourcowor
ker
sandmanager
s?
Rat
ional
izey
ouropi
nionwi
thst
epsandmeasur
est
hathel
pyoumanaget
hepr
ocess.
(
10Mar
ks)

Answer2
I
ntr
oduct
ion
Si
ncet
hei
mpr
ovementoft
hepandemi
c,numer
ousassoci
ati
onsar
ebegi
nni
ng t
o
consi
deranot
hercr
eam modelofbl
endedr
acer
emot
ewor
ker
s,wher
eacoupl
eof
speci
ali
stsar
ear
rangedneart
hei
rheadquar
ter
sandot
her
swor
kfr
om agoodway
s.As
ar
esul
toft
henew st
rat
egy
,peopl
ehav
emor
eper
missi
ont
ocapaci
ty,i
thasbecome
mor
e accommodat
ing f
oraut
onomous or
gani
zat
ions and f
ori
ndi
vi
dual
s,i
thas
expandedt
hev
alueofadv
ent
uresav
es,i
thast
urnedi
ntot
heamountofj
obopeni
ngs,
andi
thasf
urt
her
mor
eadv
anceddel
egat
einsi
ght
.Not
wit
hst
andi
ng,i
nspi
teoft
heway
t
hatt
hese pot
ent
ialbenef
it
s maygi
ve of
fan i
mpr
essi
on ofbei
ng l
i
ber
al,hi
stor
y
r
ecommendst
hati
tcoul
dexhi
bitamazi
ngl
ydi
ff
icul
ttowor
kwi
thaut
omat
edwor
kwi
th
ont
hespotwor
kpay
ingl
i
ttl
ebr
aint
othi
scur
rentpl
an'
scommonsensedur
inga
pandemi
c.Li
kewi
se,t
his naught
iness comes f
rom l
evel
sthatgr
antsoci
aland
suppor
ti
vecy
cles,l
i
kesoundandupst
andi
ngconcept
sthatmov
ethemsel
vest
othe
mat
eri
alofev
ery
day pr
esence,expanded l
engt
hs ofsoci
alcooper
ati
on,and t
he
adv
ancementofcommonpoi
ntsofv
iew andcour
sesofact
ion.Par
doni
ngt
hem t
o
t
houghtdur
inganot
ewor
thyt
radequi
eti
ncl
i
ninggamest
opr
act
icest
hathar
m agr
ee
wi
th,
col
l
abor
ati
on,
andshar
edsoci
alor
der
swor
ktocoor
dinat
ewi
thwor
kindi
rect
ly.

Thoughtandappl
i
cat
ion

Al
ongt
hesel
i
nes,
itwi
l
lbehazar
dousf
ort
wor
eali
ndi
vi
dual
stoi
nter
face,
onemuddl
ed
byey
e-t
o-ey
esubj
ectmat
terexper
tsandbosses,whost
ayawar
eofonobt
aini
ngf
rom
t
hehel
pfulr
esul
tsofnei
ghbor
hoodt
hepowerofcoor
dinat
edef
for
tbet
weenpeopl
e.
Li
kewi
se,peopl
e'
sabi
l
iti
esf
ormaki
ngi
nter
per
sonalassoci
ati
onsandkeepi
ngasound
l
i
fest
yledecay
.Pr
eci
sel
ywhent
hisi
shappeni
ng,t
raf
fi
cmayf
eell
ost
,fr
ust
rat
ed,and
baf
fl
edbyt
heunf
oreseendi
rectofanaf
fi
li
ati
ont
hatexcusest
hedangerofashar
p,
ski
l
led,
standar
dsi
ze,
andhumani
sti
cvi
sion.Anener
gyofget
ti
ngaper
cei
ve,
afabul
ous
i
nst
inct
,andabegui
l
ingi
ndi
vi
dualt
hatpushesust
odoouramazi
ngdi
sappear
.St
art
ing
nowandf
orahuget
imeal
l
otment
,thei
ntr
oduct
ionoft
hest
agewi
l
llessen.Real
i
zet
hat
br
iefWFHbl
uepr
int
sneednoti
ssuewi
thanysuf
fer
ingaccl
i
mat
ionst
obusi
nessgame
pl
ans.I
tispossi
blet
hatt
hegamepl
ancoul
dchangeconsi
der
ingt
hel
atestt
ipsand
changi
ngbusi
nessdemandsr
isi
ngupoutoft
heassoci
ati
on.I
deal
l
y,chai
rmenshoul
d
consi
dermaki
ng ordev
elopi
ng a cor
por
ate st
rat
egyora l
otofr
ules t
o ex
plai
n
or
ient
ati
ont
olabor
ersont
hemosti
dealwayofmanagi
ngdi
rectWFHappr
oaches.I
tis
cr
it
icalt
hatal
lindi
vi
dual
s ar
e made t
otal
l
y awar
e oft
he t
hought
,and t
hatany
mov
ement
stot
hest
rat
egyar
epassedonassoonaspossi
ble.

Pastwhatoneor
gani
zat
ioncani
nli
kemannerhav
epastexper
ienceamassi
ngWFH
pl
ansor
,pr
esent
ly,
hav
eemer
gencyWFHmeasur
esf
oundat
ion.Var
iousassoci
ati
ons,
in
anycase,wi
l
lmakeWFH checksobv
iousl
y,andt
hatt
heyneedt
ofastandi
nsanel
y
execut
eWFH met
hodsi
nanycasey
ouseem l
i
keati
t.Genui
newhi
l
eaconnect
ion'
s
wor
ksi
teandpr
emi
sesar
ecl
osedasawar
yov
erhaulorconsi
der
inganaf
fi
li
ati
on
demand,est
abl
i
shment
scani
nli
kemannerhav
ethedeci
siont
orecogni
zeWFHway
s
ofmanagi
ngst
ayawar
eofaf
fi
li
ati
oncl
ear
ness,handi
ness,andmast
ersecur
it
ywhi
l
e
guar
dedpeopl
e'
spr
osper
it
yandt
hri
vi
ng.Wor
ktoget
herf
rom homei
saf
unct
ioni
ng
ar
rangementwher
einani
ndi
vi
dualcanpl
ayoutt
hebasi
ccomponent
soft
hei
rcal
l
ingat
t
he same t
ime as al
lthe whi
l
e st
ayi
ng athome and t
he use ofr
ecor
ds and
cor
respondenceadv
ancement
.Fort
hemot
ivat
ionsdr
ivi
ngt
hisst
andar
dandt
heCOVI
D-
19st
andar
ds,t
heenunci
ati
on"
tel
ecommut
ing"i
nti
mat
esl
ocalt
elewor
kingasaqui
ck,
opt
ionalwor
kinggamepl
an.Af
fi
li
ati
onsandr
epr
esent
ati
vesneedt
oshar
eli
abi
l
ityand
obl
i
gat
iont
omakeexpl
i
citt
heaf
fi
li
ati
on'
sst
eadi
nessandwor
k.

Weoughtt
opassondef
ini
temi
ndf
ulnesswi
thr
espectt
otheef
fectofouract
ivi
ti
eson
di
ff
erentev
enedoutst
andar
dsandl
i
fest
yleaswer
eexami
net
hesubmi
tt
edpandemi
c
connect
ion.0i
nont
hef
oundat
ionst
hatj
oinpeopl
e.Knowl
edgeofcr
it
icalpi
ecesof
each dr
iveand t
hemanagementofourmor
eamazi
ng expansi
ve soci
alev
entof
pi
oneer
sandchi
efs.Ther
iski
stomaket
hev
irt
ualhal
fandhal
fmodelt
hatwonder
ful
sui
tst
hewor
kpl
aceandl
i
censei
ttost
artanot
heror
dinar
ycul
tur
efort
het
otalofour
r
epr
esent
ati
vest
hati
nvi
gor
ates,soci
alassoci
ati
on,char
act
er,andhav
ingadi
str
ict
,
whet
herornotorbyandbynott
heagent
swor
kbyi
mpl
i
cat
ion,
on-
premi
ses,
orami
xof
t
het
wo.

I
deal
l
y,i
tbecomessi
gni
fi
cantf
ort
hemet
hodol
ogyf
orr
efer
ri
ngt
otel
ecommut
ingt
obe
genui
net
omov
epastsegmentguar
ant
ees.Ther
eisnoconv
inci
ngmot
ivat
iont
oret
urn
agai
ntoacust
omar
yment
ioni
ngwi
thav
erbalexchangewi
thanunder
taki
ngexecut
ive
t
owor
koutt
hewor
kst
rat
egy
.Speci
ali
stswhowi
sht
otel
ecommut
eoughtt
ogo
t
hroughacompar
abl
ecour
seofget
ti
ngr
eadyast
elecommut
ersaswel
l
.Inaddi
ti
on,
the
showsdor
ejectanoppor
tuni
ti
esf
ort
est
ingawor
k-f
rom-
homepl
an,
sot
heyneedt
ojoi
n
r
ulesf
orsuppor
ti
ngwor
kfr
om homegames.I
ftheconnect
ionwi
shest
odr
opt
he
under
standi
ng,
itsagent
sshoul
dexpl
aint
hecl
ari
fi
cat
ionsbehi
ndt
hedeci
sion.
Concl
usi
on

Tel
ecommut
ingt
ransf
ormedi
ntoanunquest
ionabl
yint
ri
gui
ngexpandedl
engt
hchoi
ce
f
ort
hei
rrel
ati
onshi
pinacoupl
eofcondi
ti
onswher
edecr
easi
ngdownov
erheadcost
s
becameoneoft
hef
undament
aladv
ant
ages.Thi
nki
ngaboutev
ery
thi
ng,
33%ofexper
ts
mi
ghtchangebusi
nessi
ftheycoul
dwor
kfr
om home.Ov
er33%ofwor
ker
swoul
dsuf
fer
t
hroughar
emuner
ati
onl
ossofasmuchas5% i
ftheywoul
dbr
ingi
ncashf
rom l
ow
homedef
endi
ng.Af
our
thofsel
l
ersmi
ghtseea10per
centpaydecr
easei
ftheyacqui
re
cashwor
kingf
rom homet
hewhol
eday
.Var
iousexper
tswer
ecompel
l
edt
owor
kat
home,t
hinki
ngaboutt
hewayt
hatt
otheCOVI
D-19pandemi
c.Bossescompr
ehended
t
hatv
endor
swhot
elecommut
eshoul
dinl
i
kemannerwor
kasenoughaspeopl
ewho
don'
t.Chi
efs who hav
efarof
fshoul
dfabr
icat
e wor
k-f
rom-
localorr
emot
e wor
k
consi
der
ati
on.Thoser
ulessaf
eguar
dthem f
rom t
her
isksr
elat
edt
otel
ecommut
ing.
Labor
ersoughtt
oli
kewi
sef
indway
sofmoni
tor
ingt
hemsel
vesf
rom obl
i
gat
ion.

Q3.Ni
kit
aisaChangeManagerwi
thNel
son&Mur
dock.I
nthev
iew oft
hewayt
he
busi
nessl
andscapei
sev
olv
ingwi
thmor
erel
ianceont
echnol
ogy
,shei
ntendst
obr
ing
aboutmanynew i
nit
iat
iveswhi
chr
equi
reempl
oyeest
ounl
ear
ncer
tai
naspect
sand
l
ear
n manynew appr
oaches.Manyl
ear
ning t
heor
ies hav
e been pr
eval
entwhi
ch
or
gani
zat
ionsusef
rom t
imet
oti
me.

a.I
fempl
oyeesneedt
olear
ncer
tai
nmodelbehav
ior
sdemonst
rat
edbyl
eader
s,whi
ch
l
ear
ningt
heor
yshoul
dNi
kit
asel
ectf
orf
ast
err
esul
ts?(
5Mar
ks)
Answer3A.
I
ntr
oduct
ion
Aut
hor
it
yisbasi
cforanaf
fi
li
ati
on.Uni
magi
nabl
epi
oneer
shel
pwi
thaddi
ti
onalcr
eat
ing
t
rusti
nanaf
fi
li
ati
on.Regar
dless,dur
ingt
oughspot
s,i
ncr
edi
blepi
oneer
scanhel
pthei
r
subor
dinat
es wi
th bei
ng sur
e and l
i
vel
yint
hei
rposi
ti
on.Mi
nd boggl
i
ng pi
oneer
s
mor
eov
erhel
p wi
th hol
ding l
abor
ers.Tur
nov
eri
s exor
bit
anti
n an af
fi
li
ati
on,and
ext
raor
dinar
yaut
hor
it
yiskeyi
ndel
egat
eskeepi
ngnear
byorget
ti
ngaway
.Asy
ou'
ve
pr
obabl
yhear
d,peopl
edon'
tst
opj
obs,t
heyqui
tchi
efs.Soamazi
ngpi
oneer
shel
pthe
associ
ati
onputawaymoneyandaugment
ati
onhandi
nessbysav
ingst
andar
dsf
or
const
ancyhi
gh.Li
kewi
se,mi
nd bl
owi
ng pi
oneer
s can hel
p wi
th suppor
ti
ng f
utur
e
pi
oneer
s.Theygui
deandwor
kwi
thpar
tner
stohel
pthem wi
thf
il
li
ngi
nthei
rjobandbe
pr
epar
ed f
ornew posi
ti
onsi
ntheassoci
ati
on.Thi
sisv
aluabl
eforev
ery
one.And
ev
ent
ual
l
y,mi
ndbl
owi
ngpi
oneer
sar
einst
rument
ali
nhel
pingt
heassoci
ati
ongetcash.
Mor
eval
uabl
egat
her
ingsl
eadt
omor
ethi
ngsbei
ngdone,hi
gheri
nnov
ati
veness,and
bet
terov
eral
lachi
evementf
ort
heaf
fi
li
ati
on.Ther
ear
edi
ff
erentdr
ivest
ylest
hatahead
oradmi
nist
rat
orcant
akeon,y
etf
ort
hemostpar
tthebestbosseswi
l
lcul
ti
vat
ekey
at
tri
but
est
hathel
pthem wi
tht
hri
vi
ng.

Thoughtandappl
i
cat
ion

Becl
ear
.

Assessmentshowst
hatonl
y20%ofpeopl
etr
ustbusi
nesspi
oneer
stoconf
essal
l
,an
i
nconcei
vabl
ylow numberf
ordef
ini
ti
vet
rust
.Asofnow mor
ethan ev
eral
ready
,
r
eli
abi
l
ityi
sacr
it
icalcommi
tmentv
iewi
ngachi
evementasapi
oneer
.A compel
l
ing
pi
oneeri
scl
ear
,andwi
l
lexpectt
hatt
hei
rwor
ker
soughtt
obedi
rectt
oo.I
ntheev
ent
t
hatagent
sfeel
li
ket
hei
rbossi
scl
earwi
tht
hem,
theyar
eal
toget
hermor
eincl
i
nedt
obe
di
rectsubsequent
ly.Abusi
nessbosswhoshowsdependabi
l
itywi
l
laskt
hei
rlabor
erst
o
t
rustt
hem,sowhent
heygi
vet
hem i
nfor
mat
ionorsol
i
cit
ati
onsomet
hingf
rom t
hem,
t
hey wi
l
lset
tl
e on t
he mosti
dealdeci
sion wi
thi
t.Thi
sis a huge par
tforan
i
nconcei
vabl
eassoci
ati
oncul
tur
eanddef
ini
ti
veaccompl
i
shment
.Iny
ear
spast
,val
i
dit
y
and genui
neness wer
ethe at
tri
but
e ofdef
ini
ti
ve accompl
i
shment
—as ofnow as
st
andar
dsext
ri
cat
ebei
ngdi
recti
nbusi
nessi
smor
ehuget
hansomeot
hert
imei
n
ongoi
ngmemor
y.

Becer
tai
n.

Anamazi
ngpi
oneerwi
l
lshowconv
ict
ionandshowot
her
showi
tsdone.Conv
ict
ioni
sa
mast
eryy
oucanmake,andi
nthi
smannerenabl
einy
ouraf
fi
li
ati
on.Ri
ghtwhent
hey
wal
k ar
ound i
nconv
eni
entendeav
ors ort
ightcut
offt
imes sur
ethatt
heywi
l
lbe
pr
oduct
ive,t
hegat
her
ingwi
l
lfol
l
ow t
hem.Labor
ersneedt
ofeelt
hatt
hei
rbossi
s
cour
ageousandr
eadyt
otakeonany
thi
ng—t
heyneedsomeonewhoi
ssur
etheywi
l
lbe
pr
oduct
ivei
nchar
ge.Soassur
ancei
skeyf
orsuper
bpi
oneer
s.Par
ti
cul
arl
yconcer
ning
essent
ial
l
yconcl
udi
ng,assur
ancei
scr
it
icalf
orposi
ti
vepower
.Incr
edi
blepi
oneer
sar
e
sur
e wi
th r
egar
ds t
o t
hei
r choi
ces and push ahead,dr
ivi
ng t
hei
r gat
her
ing
st
rai
ght
for
war
dlycl
osebyt
hem.

Keepcommuni
cat
ionchannel
sopen.

Opencommuni
cat
ioni
nfer
sther
ear
elessmi
sunder
standi
ngsandi
ssuesi
nagat
her
ing.
I
ncr
edi
blecommuni
cat
ioncapaci
ti
esar
ekeyi
ndr
ivet
hati
scr
it
ical
.Exact
lywhen
pi
oneer
shav
eopencommuni
cat
ion,t
hegat
her
ingknowsdef
ini
ti
vel
ywhati
sfort
he
mostpar
texpect
edoft
hem,whent
hingsoughtt
o bedone,andt
heassoci
ati
on.
Hor
rendouscommuni
cat
ioncanmakegi
vest
hatgodi
stur
bing,mi
ssedcut
offt
imes,
i
mpr
operst
rat
egy
,and mor
e.Thi
s of
ten i
mpl
i
es t
hatpower
less dr
ive.I
ncr
edi
ble
aut
hor
it
yincor
por
atesbei
ngexpr
essconcer
ningsal
est
oensur
ethatassoci
atesr
eal
i
ze
t
heycanchatwi
tht
hei
rbossconcer
ningany
thi
ng.Communi
cat
ionchannel
sneedt
ogo
t
het
wouni
queway
ssol
abor
erscani
nter
facewi
tht
hei
rbossi
ntheev
entt
hatt
her
eis
ani
ssueandr
eal
i
zet
hey
'l
lbehear
d.

Gi
veobj
ect
iveanal
ysi
s.
I
ncr
edi
blepi
oneer
sdon'
tletper
sonalt
hought
soropi
nionsdr
awi
nwi
tht
hei
rgat
her
ing.
Thei
rfeedbacki
sreasonabl
eandmast
er,
hel
pingt
hegat
her
ingknowdef
ini
ti
vel
ywhat
's
av
ail
abl
eandwher
etheycani
mpr
ove.

Concl
usi
on

Pl
ainl
yincr
edi
blepowerat
tri
but
esar
ekeyf
oraccompl
i
shmenti
nanyi
ndust
ryand
af
fi
li
ati
on.Pi
oneer
soughtt
obepr
epar
edf
ort
hecapaci
ti
est
hey
'l
lneedi
nthei
rjobwi
th
adegr
ee,y
ett
heycanmor
eov
erl
ear
ncr
it
icalmet
hodsofaddi
ti
onalf
ost
eri
ngt
hei
r
powercapaci
ti
essot
heywi
l
lbepr
oduct
ivei
nthei
rposi
ti
on.

Answer3B.

I
ntr
oduct
ion

Backi
ng,
eit
hersur
eornegat
ive,
wor
ksbywor
kingont
hepr
obabi
l
ityofal
ead.Di
sci
pli
ne,
ofcour
se,i
mpl
i
esanyev
entt
hatcr
ippl
esordi
mini
shest
hepr
obabi
l
ityofal
ead.
Posi
ti
vedi
sci
pli
necr
ippl
esar
esponsebypr
esent
ingsomet
hingdi
stur
bingaf
tert
he
r
esponse,whi
l
enegat
ivedi
sci
pli
nei
ncapaci
tat
esar
esponsebyr
educi
ngordi
spensi
ng
wi
thsomet
hingwonder
ful
.Anadol
escentwhoi
sgr
oundedr
esul
ti
ngt
ofi
ght
ingwi
tha
f
ami
l
y(posi
ti
vedi
sci
pli
ne)orwhopassesupt
heoppor
tuni
tyt
ogot
obr
eaki
nthewake
ofget
ti
nganotexact
lyheav
enl
yscor
e(negat
ivedi
sci
pli
ne)i
slessdi
sposedt
orepeat
t
hesepr
act
ices.

Thoughtandappl
i
cat
ion

Empower
ingcr
it
ici
sm

Empower
ingi
nputi
s"Anyawesomeorwor
thwhi
l
eresul
tst
hatf
oll
owsar
esponseand
expandst
hepr
obabi
l
ityt
hatt
her
esponsewi
l
lber
epeat
ed"(
Wood,Wood,andBoy
d,
2005)
.

I
nspi
ri
ngcr
it
ici
sm usest
hehonorsy
stem.Thehonorsy
stem i
sav
ari
etyoff
ront
al
cor
texst
ruct
ureswhi
chat
temptt
oov
erseeandcont
roldi
rectbyaf
fect
ingpl
easur
abl
e
ef
fect
s.Acoupl
eofexampl
esofcompensat
ionsi
nthewor
kpl
acear
emonet
arypr
izes,
pr
omot
ions,pr
aise,pai
dev
entl
eav
e,andt
hought
.Ini
nfor
mat
ionalset
ti
ngst
hepr
izes
canconsol
i
dat
efood,v
erbalr
ecogni
ti
on,orsomet
hingsuppor
ted(
li
keat
oyorabr
eak
onaswi
ng)
.

Negat
ivehel
pusest
hehonorst
ruct
ure.Ani
ndi
vi
duali
smadeupf
orneededdi
rectby
hav
ingsomet
hinghor
rendousdi
sposedof
.Thi
sdepar
tur
eist
hehonor
.Forexampl
e,i
n
t
hewor
kpl
aceani
ndi
vi
dualmayseei
tshocki
ngascheckedeager
ly.Ont
heof
fchance
t
hatani
ndi
vi
duali
shandl
i
ngt
hei
rjobt
othebestqual
i
ty,t
heymaynotbeseenas
eager
lyanymor
edr
awnout
.Thi
sej
ect
ionoft
henot
ici
ngi
sthehonorf
ordependabl
y
deal
i
ngwi
tht
hei
rjobcapabi
l
ity
.Anot
herout
li
neofnegat
ivehel
pcoul
dbeonemor
e
agentatamodestf
oodt
iecl
eani
ngt
hepubl
i
cbat
hroomsasapar
toft
hei
robl
i
gat
ions
asanew sel
ect
.Bypl
ayi
ngoutt
hisandv
ari
ouser
randswel
l
,ev
ent
ual
l
ythi
srepul
siv
e
t
askcoul
dbewi
pedoutasamet
hodofkeepi
ngt
hisi
ndi
vi
dualf
asci
nat
edandpr
opel
l
ed
t
odowel
last
heyadv
ancei
njobt
it
leandpay
.

Posi
ti
vedi
sci
pli
nei
samazi
ngi
ntaki
ngoutundesi
redpr
act
icesany
wayi
thasl
i
mit
ati
ons.
Posi
ti
vedi
sci
pli
nehasbeenconsi
der
edt
obemor
eef
fect
ivewhent
hel
i
fti
sadded
expedi
ti
ousl
yfol
l
owi
ngt
heundesi
reddi
rectasopposedt
oappl
yi
ngdef
err
edupdat
e.
Anot
herf
act
ori
sdependabl
eappl
i
cat
ionofani
mpr
ovementf
oll
owi
nganundesi
red
l
ead,t
hisi
smor
eremar
kabl
ethani
nter
mit
tentappl
i
cat
ionofar
edesi
gn(
Cheneyand
Pi
erce,2004)
.Thebestdi
sadv
ant
agei
sthatposi
ti
vedi
sci
pli
nef
ail
stoshowf
avor
abl
e
pr
act
ices.Al
so,posi
ti
vedi
sci
pli
necanmakei
rksomeent
husi
ast
icr
eact
ionsl
i
kel
ackof
appr
oachabi
l
ity
,fear
,pr
essur
e,orani
mosi
ty

Concl
usi
on
Al
laf
fi
li
ati
onsar
espr
eadoutupt
aki
ngi
ntoaccountexpl
i
citf
ocusdest
inat
ionsand
f
ocuses.Var
iousr
esour
cesi
ncl
udi
ngmoney
,machi
nesandwor
kar
eut
il
izedt
oachi
eve
t
hesedest
inat
ions.Pr
esentdayassoci
ati
onsr
out
inel
yimpl
ythei
rHumanResour
ces
(
wor
k)ast
hei
rmostnot
ewor
thyandmostcr
it
icalassetandi
tisext
ensi
vel
yseent
hat
t
hissi
ngl
eresour
ceexpect
saf
undament
alandkeypar
tint
heachi
evementofpr
ogr
ess
andt
heachi
evementofanaf
fi
li
ati
on'
sobj
ect
ives.