Mke A2

2
SECOND EDITION
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
Learn English by using it
3
A2
Lesson Objective
A2 L1 • Modal verb Can.
• Expressing abilities.
Contents
Could you do me a favor?

• Could Vs. Can.
A2 L2 • Simple past tense.

Life events • Pronunciation of verbs in the past tense.
Vocabulary #11 • Vocabulary from A to C.
Verbs #3 • Essential verbs.
A2 L3 • Parts of the body.

Parts of • Personal injuries.
the body • Health problems.
A2 L4 • Present progressive.
He is leaving tomorrow • Future arrangements.
Vocabulary #12 • Vocabulary from D to H.
A2 L5 • Countable and uncountable.
• Too much / too many.
Too much!
• Enough.
• Modal verb "Can".
• The simple past tense.
Grammar #5
• Present continuous for plans.
• Quantifiers.
A2 L6 • Adjectives.
He is funnier • Comparative form.
Vocabulary #13 • Vocabulary from I to O.
A2 L7 • Adjectives.
The most romantic movie • Superlative form.
A2 L8 • Indefinite pronouns.
People, places and things • Affirmative, negative, question form.
Vocabulary #14 • Vocabulary from P to S.

A2 L9
• Phrasal verbs.
I’ll pick you up!
A2 L10 • Physical appearance.
• Personality.
He looks like a writer
• Learn how to describe somebody.
Vocabulary #15 • Vocabulary from T to z.
• Comparative & Superlative.
• Compound words.
Grammar #6
• Adverbs & Adjectives.
• Phrasal verbs.
4
A2
Lesson Objective
Grammar # 5
A2 L11 • Compound words.
• Open compounds
Key ring, wedding ring!
• Close compounds.
A2 L12 • Relative pronouns.

• Relative clauses.
Someone who...
A2 L13 • Infinitive Vs. gerunds.
Flying doesn’t worry me • What are gerunds?
A2 L14 • Present perfect tense.
• Ever and never.

Up to now!
• Have you ever..?
A2 L15 • Present perfect tense.

• Since and for with present perfect tense.
How long have you..?
• Common mistakes.
• Compound words.
• Gerunds.
Grammar #7
• Relative pronouns.
• Present perfect.
A2 L16 • Most Vs. Most of.
• Quantifiers.
Most of them • Countable nouns.
• Uncountable nouns.
A2 L17 • Time conjunctions.
• Before / after.
When I was sixteen
• When / while.
A2 L18 • Reported speech.

• Direct speech.
He says he enjoys it
• Indirect speech.
A2 L19 • If clauses.
What if..? • Conditionals.
A2 L20 • Past perfect tense.

She had forgotten • Difference simple past / past perfect.
• Quantifiers.
• Reported speech.
Grammar #8
• Conditionals.
• Past perfect.
Vocabulary • Vocabulary from A to z.
5
A2
1 Could you do me a favor?
my glasses ?
Could you please hand me my sweater ?
Abilities
my book ?
the TV?
Could you please turn off the microwave ?
the light ?
paint play the guitar
the light?
Could you please turn on the stove ?
the computer ?
the window?
swim dance
Could you please open the door ?
the refrigerator ?
the door?
Could you please close the window ?
the microwave door? knit ski
Could you please help me? give me a hand
go to the bathroom?
Could I please
sit down? drive cook
A. Could you do me a favor?

B. Of course
A. Could you please, close the window?
B. Sure, no problem. sing draw
Well and Badly

Rose sings well.
Pete dances badly.
sew
A. I wish I could draw, can you?

B. Yes, I can.
A. Really?
 Use could you and the base form of a verb to B. I draw a lot, but not very well.
make a request.
Could you wash the dishes?
 Use please to make the request more polite.
Could you please wash the dishes?

Could you wash the dishes, please?
6
Expressing ability Self-study
 We use the modal verb “Can” to express that we know how to do something.
 The negative form is “can’t” or “cannot” (more formal)
 “Can” and “can’t” are always followed by a verb in the infinitive.
You want the You want to use You want the TV

window closed. the computer. to be turned on.
Could / Can you..? Could / Can you / May I..? Could / Can you...?
You want the You want to use

You want to borrow
door opened. the telephone.
your friend’s book.
Could / Can you / May I..? Could / Can I ..?

Could / Can you ..?
You want your teacher You want to drink

You want a sandwich.
to speak slower. water.
Could / Can - May I ..? Could / Can you..? Could / Can - May I..?
Write three things you do well, and three Write three things you do badly, and three
things you do badly. things you do well.
Example, Example,
I dance well, but I sing badly. I paint badly, but I ski well.
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
Complete the polite request. Use COULD YOU PLEASE and other verbs you know.
• Let´s watch a movie. ________________________________________ the TV?
• It`s a little hot in here, _______________________________________ the window?
• I`m making dinner right now, ___________________________________ out the garbage?
• I have a headache, ________________________________________ dinner tonight?
• I`m going shopping, ________________________________________ my jacket?
• __________________________________________ shopping? We need milk.
• I want to read a book, ________________________________________ the lamp?
• I`m going to bed , ________________________________________ the computer?
7
A2
2 What´s Pete´s life story
Erich Weiss was born in Budapest,
Hungary, on March 24th, 1874. At the age Life events
of four, Ehrich moved with his family to the
United States. He didn´t get an education
and never graduated from high school.
Instead he worked to help his family.
Ehrich and his brother Theo were
interested in magic, and at the age of seventeen, Ehrich
began his career as a magician. He changed his name to
Houdini after the name of a famous French magician
Robert Houdini. In 1893, Houdini married Beatrice
Raymond, whom he called Bess. For the rest of Houdini´s
career Bess worked as his assistant on stage. The couple
didn´t have children.
Tell the story of Rose Smith`s life. Talk about the

past, the present and the future. What did she do?
What`s she doing now? What would she like to do?
Rose Smith
Born May 15, 1990
New York (USA)
1992 – 2006
Chicago (USA)
May 20, 2010

Barton College of
Engineering
Los Angeles (USA)
Today
A: Where were you born? San Francisco (USA)
B: Here, in New York.

A: And did you grow up here? Next year, she`d like to
B: Yes, I did, and you? _____________________
A: I was born in Brazil, but I grew up in Toronto.
In three years, she`d like to
______________________
Rose was born in 1990, she grew up in _________________________

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
8
Self-study
Completed actions in the past habits in the past Series of completed actions
• He broke his ankle last week. • Peter played the piano when • He sat down, took out a notebook and
he was a child. a pen, and started taking notes.
• Peter cooked dinner last night.
• He studied Spanish when he • He made breakfast, drove his son to
was a student. school, and went to work.
The simple past tense of most The simple past form of some
verbs ends in –ed. These verbs are verbs does not end in –ed. Such
called regular verbs. verbs are called irregular verbs.
• Base form +ed. write / wrote (not writed)
watch— watched / play— played speak / spoke (not speaked)
• Verbs ending in a consonant + Y eat / ate (not eated)
change –y to –i + ed.
read / read (not readed)
study— studied / carry— carried
• Verbs ending in –e + d.
close— closed / like— liked
Affirmative form Negative form Question form

I I I
HE ATE a hamburger HE EAT a hamburger HE BRING lemonade?
SHE CAME by plane SHE COME by plane SHE GO to the beach?
IT TALKED to you IT DIDN'T TALK to you DID IT LEAVE home early?
WE LEFT home early WE LEAVE home early WE WALK on the beach?
YOU YOU YOU
THEY THEY THEY
Question form
9
A2 Vocabulary #11
Grammatical key
adjective (adj) adjetivo determiner (det) determinante
interrogative (int) interrogativo preposition (prep) preposición
adverb (adv) adverbio pronoun (pron) pronombre
noun (n) sustantivo exclamation (excl) exclamación
conjunction (conj) conjunción verb (v) verbo
possessive (poss) posesivo
A
en cualquier parte, en
ago adv hace, atrás (tiempo) anywhere adv
ninguna parte
ambulance n ambulancia autumn n (us fall) otoño
artist n artista adventure n aventura
across prep al frente de alone adj solo
agree v estar de acuerdo April n abril
anyone pron alguien, cualquiera, nadie away adv lejos
astronaut n astronauta advice n consejo
actor n actor already adv ya (afirmaciones)
air n aire arrive v llegar
anything pron cualquier cosa, nada after adv + conj después, luego
august n agosto also adv también
actually adv de hecho art n arte
airport n aeropuerto
B
backpack n (UK rucksack) mochila believe v creer
bicycle n bicicleta bit n un poquito
break v romper broken adj roto
burn v quemar butter n mantequilla
before adv + conj antes belt n cinturón
bin n tacho bored adj aburrido
bridge n puente brush n + v cepillo, cepillar
business n negocios, asuntos butterfly n mariposa
begin v empezar Betty n Elizabeth
biscuit n (US cookie) galleta brave adj valiente
bright adj (of colour) brillante building n edificio
businessman / woman n hombre/mujer de negocio
C
calendar n calendario cartoon n dibujo animado
century n siglo chess n ajedrez
club n club competition n competición
cooker n cocina crown n corona
camel n camello castle n castillo
channel n canal chopsticks n palillos
cookie n (UK biscuit) galleta concert n concierto
camp v campo cut v cortar
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Vocabulary #11
C
cheap adj barato cave n cueva
college n universidad Christmas n navidad
corner n esquina conversation n conversación
card n tarjeta centimeter n centímetro
chemist ('s) n químico circus n circo
comb n + v peinilla, peinar cook n cocinero
could v (for possibillity) podría
11
A2 Verb #3
Verb base Past Past

Sound Meaning
form tense participle
agree (agrì) agreed agreed estar de acuerdo
allow (alau) allowed allowed permitir, dejar
answer (anser) answered answered responder
ask (ask) asked asked preguntar, pedir
Be: am, is, are (bi: am, is, ar) was, were been ser, estar
become (bicom) became become convertirse
begin (biguin) began begun empezar
believe (bilif) believed believed creer
borrow (borrow) borrowed borrowed tomar prestado
break (breik) broke broken romper
bring (bring) brought brought traer
buy (bay) bought bought comprar
call (col) called called llamar
can (can) could been able to poder
carry (carry) carried carried cargar
change (cheinch) changed changed cambiar
close (clous) closed closed cerrar
come (com) came come venir
cut (cut) cut cut cortar
decide (disaid) decided decided decidir
do (du) did done hacer (general)
eat (lt) ate eaten comer
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Verb # 3
13
A2
3 Parts of the body
A: Hey Dave, what happened?

B: I broke my ankle.
A: I`m sorry to hear that! Does it hurt?
B: Yes, very much.
head
arm abdominals
leg
feet
14
Self-study
Vocabulary
• What are your symptoms?
My hair is falling out
Am I going bald? My nose is runny • I have a temperature / sore throat /
My head hurts,
headache / rash.
What’s wrong with me?
• I am feeling sick.
My eyes are
My skin is itchy, I can’t • I am having headaches.
dry or watery
stop scratching • I’m very congested.
I cut my tongue • My joints are aching.
My ears are sore
I can’t hear • I have diarrhea.
My throat is dry • I have a lump.
I have a toothache, I can’t stop coughing
• I have a swollen / sprained ankle.
I think I have a cavity My chest feels tight. • I am in a lot of pain.
I can’t breathe
My arm is sore • I have pain in my chest / back / waist.
My stomach hurts • I’m asthmatic / diabetic / epileptic.
I cut my finger, the
• I need another inhaler / more insulin.
bleeding won’t stop My knees keep
locking • I’m having difficulty breathing.
My waist is getting
My legs feel weak
bigger, am I overweight?
I twisted my ankle At the Doctor’s
Dr.: Hello
Bob: Hi, I don’t feel very well. I have a sore throat.
Dr.: How long have you had it?
Bob: It started two days ago, on Monday.
skull
Dr.: I see. Have you taken any medication for it?
Bob: No, just a painkiller this morning.
Dr.: Let me take a look…. You have an infection. I will
prescribe some antibiotics. Take them three times a
day before meals.
Bob: Ok, thank you Doctor, bye bye.
Fill in the blanks.
My __________ is covered with hair. I have two __________ , I hear with them. I have two big
__________, they let me see you. My __________ is for smelling. My __________ has two lips for
kissing. My mouth has __________ for chewing. The __________ is for tasting food. My head sits on my
__________ . It lets me look around. Inside my __________ my heart beats day and night. My two
__________ can hug you. With my two __________ and ten __________, I can write my name. With my
two __________, my two __________ and my ten __________, I walk around.
15
A2
4 He’s leaving tomorrow
A: What are you doing this weekend? A: My brother is taking an exam next month.
B: Nothing special, how about you? B: Your brother is taking an exam next month?
A: I`m going to San Francisco. A: Yes, he wants to go to university.
B: San Francisco? What for?
A: I´m going to a Rock concert.
B: Are you taking a bus?
A: No, a friend is giving me a ride.
B: Well, have a great time.
A: Thanks, see you on Monday.
Tim and Clare are packing. They are going to Spain tomorrow. Tim is taking only one medium
sized suitcase but Clare is taking four suitcases, two big ones and two small ones. Even then
Clare is finding it impossible to put all the things she wants to take with her into her suitcases.
Tim is looking on hopelessly. Tim is going to buy a new motorbike. He is reading all about the
latest models in the brochures. Later in the day he is going to see his friend John who has a
Kawasaki 250. Tim is going to ride his friend’s bike and if he likes it, he is going to buy one. It’s
going to cost about $350.
What are you doing on

Thursday afternoon?
I’m going to a class at

university.
Invite or reply
What are you I’m going to the A: Let’s meet for lunch tomorrow.
doing tonight? cinema with Paul.
B: I can’t. I’m going to the dentist.
Make a date Replies Reason

go bowling — Wednesday X bed -- early
watch — video — my place — Monday X tennis with Bob
come — barbecue — Saturday X driving lesson
16
Self-study
INTENTIONS
PLANS
Make sentences in present progressive.

1. The Burtons / drive / to the London airport. _________________________________________________
2. They / meet / their Friends / The Halls. _________________________________________________
3. Mrs. Burton / ask / Mr. Burton / to drive. _________________________________________________
4. I / buy / a motor-bike. _________________________________________________
5. He / look / at the brochures. _________________________________________________
6. He / see / his friend / John. _________________________________________________
Put the verbs in the present progressive tense.

1. Stop! You _____________ (drive) too fast.
We are having a party at
2. She ____________ (take) a shower right now.
9:00 p.m. tonight.
3. When _______ you ________ (write) to Jim?
4. What time _______ you ________ (play) golf.
5. Cindy is out. She ____________ (play) tennis.
6. Be quiet!. I ____________ (write) an important letter.
7. He _________________ (take) me to the airport later.
8. I __________________ (drive) to Newark tomorrow.
17
A2 Vocabulary # 12
Grammatical key
conjuction (conj) conjunción verb (v) verbo
D
dangerous adj peligroso date n (as in time) fecha
dear adj ( as in Dear Harry) querido decide v decidir
describe v describir diary n diario
dinosaur n dinosaurio during prep durante
dark adj oscuro David n nombre
December n diciembre dentist n dentista
desert n desierto dictionary n diccionario
drum n tambor
E
each det + pron cada extinct adj extinto
end v finalizar, terminar else adv o si no, algo más
ever adv ¿alguna vez...? entrance n entrada
expensive adj caro excellent adj + excl excelente
early adj + adv temprano Emma n nombre de niña
engineer n ingeniero envelope n sobre
everywhere adv por todas partes excited adj emocionado
explain v explicar empty adj vacío
east n este (punto cardinal) environment n ambiente
enough adj + pron suficiente exit n salida
exam n examen
F
fact n hecho (algo real) fire engine n (US fire truck) carro de bomberos
find out v averiguar footballer n futbolista
flour n harina fur n piel ( pelaje de animal)
friendly adj amigable February n febrero
factory n fábrica fire station n estación de bomberos
finger n dedo for prep of time para
fog n niebla future n futuro
front adj + n frente feel v sentir
fall over v caer fireman/woman n bombero/a
finish v terminar forget v olvidar
foggy adj nublado fetch v ir a traer
full adj lleno flag n bandera
far adj + adv lejos fork n tenedor
fire n fuego a few det unos cuantos
follow v seguir flashlight n (UK torch) linterna
fun adj + n divertido fridge n refrigeradora
fast adj + adv rápido
18
Vocabulary # 12
G
gate n puerta George n Jorge
get to v llegar glove n guante
go out v salir gold adj + n oro
group n grupo guess n + v adivinar
geography n geografía get married v casarse
glass adj vidrio / vaso glue n + v goma, pegamento
goal n meta golf n golf
grow v crecer
H
half adj + n mitad Harry n nombre
hear v escuchar herself pron ella misma
himself pron el mismo honey n miel
hotel n hotel hurry v apresurarse
happen v suceder, ocurrir hate v odiar
heavy adj pesado high adj alto
history n historia hope v esperar (esperanza)
hour n hora husband n esposo
hard adj + adv duro, difícil headteacher n profesor principal
Helen n Elena hill n colina, cerro
Holly n nombre horrible adj horrible
how long adv + int ¿Por cuánto tiempo….
19
A2 Verb # 4
Verb base Past Past

Sound Meaning
fall (fol) fell fallen caer
feel (fill) felt felt sentir
fill (fill) filled filled llenar
find (faind) found found encontrar
finish (finish) finished finished terminar
fly (flay) flew flown volar
follow (follow) followed followed seguir
forget (forguet) forgot forgotten olvidar
get (guet) got got, gotten conseguir
give (guif) gave given dar
go (gou) went gone Ir
happen (jàpen) happened happened suceder, pasar
have (jaf) had had tener
hear (jir) heard heard oír
help (jelp) helped helped ayudar
hold (jold) held held sostener
keep (kip) kept kept mantener
know (now) knew known saber, conocer
learn (lern) learned learnt aprender
leave (liif) left left irse, dejar lugar
like (laik) liked liked gustar
listen (lisen) listened listened escuchar
live (lif) lived lived vivir
look (luk) looked looked mirar, lucir
lose (lus) lost lost perder
make (meik) made made hacer (manualmente)
20
Verb # 4
21
A2
5 Too much!
Read these options. Which people are not happy about TV?
1. There’s too much violence on TV.
2. There are too many commercials. They spoil the programs.
3. There isn’t enough good music on TV.
4. There aren’t enough old movies on TV. I love them.
5. I don’t think there are too many sports programs, there are a
lot, but not too many.
Crazy picnic: Write a crazy picnic list for four people. For example: 1 slice of salami. 25 bottles of
wine, 19 pounds of oranges, 3 olives and a glass of water.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Listen to a friend’s list and say what’s wrong? Example: there isn’t enough salami, there’s too much
wine, there are too many oranges, there aren’t enough olives, there isn’t enough water.
Think about your town. Complete the sentences below with some of these
words:
Traffic, cars, people, parks, gardens, noise, police, good restaurants, parking
spots, interesting stores, quiet streets, pollution, good food, rich/poor people,
clean air.
I am thinking about: ________________________________
1. There’s too much _______________________________
2. There aren’t many _______________________________
3. There are too many ______________________________
4. There aren’t enough _____________________________
5. There isn’t much ________________________________
22
Self-study
I don’t have enough energy to work.
She isn’t old enough to vote.
my family.
Complete the sentences with: too much / too many / too /

enough.
1. There’s ________________ smoke in here, I can’t breath.
2. We don’t earn ______________ money to buy a mansion
in London.
3. She loved my writing, she said my novel was good
___________ to win the prize.
4. I know I eat ___________ junk food, but I need a lot of
energy for my job.
5. I don’t think the door is wide _______________ for the
piano to get through.
6. Jenny is unhealthy. She eats ____________ meat and
__________ sweets.
7. There are ten people and eighty mangoes. There are
____________ mangoes.
8. There are five dogs but only two bones. There are
______________ bones.
9. Tim is too thin because he does not eat _____________.
10. We should not drink ___________ soda. It’s not good for
our health.
23
A2
Modal verb “Can”
Grammar # 5
 We use the modal verb “Can” to express

that we know how to do something.
 The negative form is “can’t” or
“cannot” (more formal)
 “Can” and “can’t” are always followed by
a verb in the infinitive.
The simple past tense
SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Auxiliary DID
Verbs Regular: Verb -ed Irregular: different / structure changes
Verb to BE Other Verbs
(was / were) Regular: Verb -ed / Irregular: different
I was happy. I studied law.
affirmative
they were doctors. he took the bus yesterday.
Pete didn´t wear the uniform
negative he wasn´t a student.
I didn´t smoke.
Question Did you like the new movie?

Were you sad?
Yes / No Did he paint the house?
Wh - What did you do in your free time?

When was your birthday party?
Question Where did he study English?
24
A2
Present continuous for future
Grammar # 5
They’re having a party at Christmas.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TO EXPRESS FUTURE

The present progressive
may be used to express a
My wife has an appointment
future time when the idea
with a doctor. She is seeing Dr.
of the sentence concerns a
Smith next Wednesday.
planned event or definite
intention.
Present Future time
A: What are you going to do Progressive word
A future meaning for the
this afternoon?
present progressive tense
is indicated either by future
B: After lunch I am meeting a
time words in the sentence
friend of mine. We are going
or by the context.
shopping.
Quantifiers
25
A2
6 He is funnier
Three months ago, I was overweight and tired. My skin was bad and I
didn’t have much energy, then I tried vitamins. After three months on
vitamins, I’m slimmer and less tired. My skin is better and I’m
happier, healthier and more positive.
I’m better at English

now, and you?
I think I’m getting
better at it, too!
Conversation model
A: Who do you think is funnier, Eddie Murphy or Jim
Carrey?
B: I think Eddie Murphy is funnier, and you?
A: I agree with you, he is funnier.
Conversation model
A: Do you need any help?
B: Yes, could I try this suit on?
A: What size are you?
B: 38-inch chest and 30-inch waist, I think.
A: I`ll just check.
B: Where are the dressing rooms?
A: Over there, on the left.
B: Do you have a bigger size?
A: Let me check. Would you like to try another color?
B: Yes, Do you have it in beige?
A: How is it?
B: It`s perfect, I`ll take it.
A: How would you like to pay?
B: I`ll pay by credit card, please.
Write the comparative form
• Long _______________
• Short _______________
• Big _______________
Write five sentences using comparative adjectives,
• Small _______________
comparing yourself and a family member or friend.
• Heavy _______________
Example: I am taller than my sister.
• Light _______________
• Tall _______________ ___________________________________________________
• Energetic _______________ __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________
• Interesting _______________
__________________________________________________
• Easy _______________
__________________________________________________
• Difficult _______________
26
Comparatives: using adjectives to compare nouns: people, Self-study
places, things.
Comparing adjectives are used to compare differences between the
two objects thy modify.
Short adjectives
Short & long adjectives
Short & long adjectives adjective + ER THAN
LESS + adjective + THAN
AS + adjective + AS • Chris is taller than John.
• Is Tom taller than Rose? • Cigarettes are less
• The book is as good as
addictive than other
the movie. Long adjectives
drugs.
• Is the movie as good
as the book? MORE + adjectives *THAN
• My sweater is more +
beautiful than yours.
COMPARATIVE FORM + THAN

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE FORM ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE FORM
ending in -e add -r regular adjectives add -er
nice nicer fast - long - tall faster - longer - taller
ending in consonant,
double the consonant + -er Two Syllables ending in -y change -y to -i + er
vowel, consonant
hot - big - fat hotter - bigger - fatter happy - pretty - heavy happier - prettier - heavier
Two or more Syllables more + adjective Irregular adjectives change their way of writing
modern more modern good better
beautiful more beautiful bad worse
important more important little less
far further / farther
We can use both farther / further with distance: (the station is farther /
further than I though). Further but no farther can also mean "more" or old older / elder
"additional". The comparative of old is older, but we can use elder
when talking about people in a family (my elder brother / cousin / sister) much / many more
we do not say "somebody is elder than me", we use older than.
ACROSS
Complete the crossword with the correct comparatives 2.– intelligent

4.– funny
1
6.– mean
2 7.– hot
8.– good
3 4 6
12.– short
14.– unusual
5
15.– big
16.– strong
7
DOWN
8 9
10 11 12 13 1.– difficult
14 3.– cold
15
5.– far
6.– brave
8.– busy
9.– easy
10.– cheap
16 11.– greasy
13.– hard
27
A2 Vocabulary # 13
Grammatical key
I
ice n hielo improve v mejorar
important adj importante instrument n instrumento
insect n insecto ill adj enfermo
itself pron sì mismo (animal o cosa) information n información
if conj sì (condicional) interesting adj interesante
J
jam n mermelada June n junio
join v (a club) unirse job n trabajo
July n julio journey n viaje
January n enero just adv solo, justo, recién
journalist n periodista
K
Katy n Katherine, Catalina knife n cuchillo
key n llave keep v mantener
king n rey kilometer n (US kilometer) kilómetro
kind adj amable, tipo, clase
L
language n lenguaje a little adv + det un poquito
left adj + n (as in direction) izquierda lucky adj afortunado, suertudo
light adj + n ligero, liviano, luz later adv más tarde, luego, después
lovely adj adorable lie v (as in lie down) acostarse, recostarse
large adj grande London n Londres
let v permitir, dejar lazy adj perezoso
let`s play juguemos lift v levantar
little adj pequeño look after v cuidar
low adj bajo leave v irse, dejar un lugar
late adj + adv tarde lift n (ride) elevador, ascensor
letter n (as in mail) carta
M
magazine n revista match n (football) partido
meal n comida (desayuno, etc) meeting n reunión
Michael n Miguel might v podría, tal vez
missing adj perdido, faltante much adv + det + pron mucho
make sure v asegurarse Math n (US math) matemáticas
mechanic n mecánico member n miembro
midday n mediodía million n millón
mix v mezclar museum n museo
March n marzo May n (as in month) mayo
medicine n medicina metal adj + n metal
middle n+ adj mitad mind v mente, importar
money n dinero myself pron yo mismo
28
Vocabulary # 13
M
podría, puedo, (permiso) tal
married adj casado may v vez
meet v encontrarse, conocer meter n (US meter) metro
midnight n medianoche minute n minuto
month n mes
N
necklace n collar noisy adj ruidoso
next adj + adv junto a, al lado north n norte
normal adj normal newspaper n periódico
nowhere adv ninguna parte no-one pron nadie
news n noticias, noticiero November n noviembre
O
o`clock adv en punto (hora) other det + pron otro
of course adv por su puesto octopus n pulpo
online adj en línea once adv una vez
October n Octubre over adv + prep por encima, terminado
office n oficina
29
A2 Verb # 5
Verb base Past Past
Sound Meaning
meet (mit) met met encontrarse / conocer
move (muv) moved moved mover / mudarse
must (most) ___________ ___________ debes (obligación)
need (nid) needed needed necesitar
open (open) opened opened abrir
pay (pei) paid paid pagar
play (plei) played played jugar
promise (promes) promised promised prometer
put (put) put put poner
read (rid) read read leer
remember (rimember) remembered remembered recordar
run (ron) ran run correr
say (sei) said said decir
see (sii) saw seen ver
seem (sin) seemed seemed parecer
sell (sel) sold sold vender
send (send) sent sent enviar
set (set) set set preparar
shall (shal) ___________ ___________ se usa para sugerencias
should (shud) ___________ ___________ debería (consejo)
show (shou) showed shown mostrar
sit (sit) sat sit sentarse
sleep (slip) slept slept dormir
speak (spik) spoke spoken hablar
spend (spend) spent spent gastar / pasar tiempo
30
Verb # 5
31
A2
7 The most romantic movie
Conversation model
Conversation model
A: Are there any good movies on TV
A: Who’s the laziest person in
tonight?
your family?
B: Yes, there is actually, “Gone with the
B: I am. I have breakfast in bed
wind” is on at 7pm.
everyday. Who’s noisier, you or
your sister? A: I saw it about two years ago.
A: My sister is noisier, she talks B: According to the newspaper, It’s the
all the time. most romantic movie of all time.
Conversation model
A: That’s right! It’s very romantic.
A: I think the Rio theater is the
cheapest.
B: I don’t agree. I think the Rialto
is cheaper than the Rio.
Check the adjectives below and

match them in pairs of opposites.
1. Energetic Selfish
Write the comparative and the superlative form of the 2. Fashionable Noisy
following adjectives. 3. Generous Normal
Bad ________________ _______________
4. Kind Positive
Expensive ________________ _______________
5. Quiet Mean
Interesting ________________ _______________
Easy ________________ _______________ 6. Unusual Lazy
Old ________________ _______________ 7. Negative Old-fashioned
32
Self-study
SUPERLATIVE FORM + THE MOST
ADJECTIVE SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE SUPERLATIVE
ending in -e add -st regular adjectives add -est
the fastest - the longest -
nice the nicest fast - long - tall
the tallest
ending in consonant, double the consonant + Two Syllables ending in
change -y to -i + est
vowel, consonant -est -y
the hottest - the biggest - the happiest - the prettiest -
hot - big - fat happy - pretty - heavy
the fattest the heaviest
Two or more Syllables most + adjective Irregular adjectives change their way of writing
modern the most modern good the best

beautiful the most beautiful bad the worst
important the most important little the least
far the furthest / farthest
old the oldest / eldest
much / many the most
Answer the questions in full form.

1.– Which city has the biggest population? Tokyo—London—Beijing
_____________________________________________________
2.– Which is closer to earth? Mars— Venus
_____________________________________________________
3.– Which Ocean is the largest? The pacific— The Atlantic
_____________________________________________________
Tiger Sheep Chicken Fish Hippo Horse
Height (cm) 91 Height (cm) 85 Height (cm) 60 Height (cm) 10 Height (cm) 140 Height (cm) 120
Length (cm) 270 Length (cm) 190 Length (cm) 30 Length (cm) 70 Length (cm) 330 Length (cm) 110
Weight (kg) 230 Weight (kg) 130 Weight (kg) 5 Weight (kg) 22 Weight (kg) 2,200 Weight (kg) 90
Speed (km/h) 56 Speed (km/h) 35 Speed (km/h) 14 Speed (km/h) 24 Speed (km/h) 30 Speed (km/h) 52
Age 14 Age 10 Age 6 Age 9 Age 20 Age 26
Look at the chart above and answer the questions in full form.
1. Which is the heaviest (kg) animal? _____________________________________________
2. Which is the youngest animal? _____________________________________________
3. Which is the fastest? _____________________________________________
4. Which is the shortest animal? _____________________________________________
5. Which is the oldest animal? _____________________________________________
33
A2
8 People, places and things
Can you help us?
Would you like We are looking for I couldn’t find
something to drink? somewhere to eat. anywhere to
park.
There’s someone
at the door. Do you have anything
cheaper?
Could I have Look at the floor!

something for There are clothes
There’s nowhere
a sore throat? everywhere.
to sit.
Conversation model
A: Is there anywhere good to eat around
here?
B: What kind of place are you thinking of?
A: Somewhere interesting with good food.
B: How about Jack’s?
A: Where is that?
B: It’s downtown.
Places are
Expensive, crowded, quiet,
noisy, interesting
Do you have anything to eat?
Places have
The answer maybe YES or NO
Good food, good music,
interesting people, clean air, Can I have something to eat, please?
beautiful scenery The speaker expects the answer YES.
34
Self-study
Complete the sentences, pay attention and identify if it is a question, a positive or

negative sentence.
1. (+) I want to try _________________________ new this year.
2. (-) I didn´t eat _________________________ at the restaurant.
3. (?) Are you doing ___________________________ interesting this weekend?
4. (-) There´s ____________________ to do in this town.
5. (+) _______________________ forgot to turn off the light.
6. (-) I don´t know _____________________ who works from home.
7. (?) Did you meet _____________________ new at the conference?
8. (-) ___________________ likes the new teacher.
9. (+) Let´s go ________________________ warm next vacation.
10.(-) I can´t find my keys ______________________.
11.(?) Did you go _____________________ else before coming here?
12.(-) The waiting room is so crowded that there was _____________________ to sit.
Complete the sentences. Choose one of the words from the box, only one is correct.
everybody somebody anybody nobody

everything something anything nothing
everywhere somewhere anywhere nowhere
1. This bag is empty, there isn’t _______________ in it.

2. I’m lonely. I have ____________________ to talk to.
3. I lost my watch. I’ve looked for it _______________.
4. She said ______________, but I didn’t understand her.
5. Did you go _______________ interesting for your vacation?
6. I like the people here. ________________ is very friendly.
7. What are you doing here? I’m waiting for _______________.
8. It’s a secret. Don’t tell _________________.
9. We don’t go out very much, because there’s ____________________ to go.
10.How much does it cost to visit the museum? __________________. Why?
11.They live __________________ in the south of France.
12.It’s a nice hotel. It’s comfortable and _________________ is clean.
35
A2 Vocabulary # 14
Grammatical key
conjunctions (conj) conjunción verb (v) verbo
P
p.m. (for time) pm passenger n pasajero
pepper n pimienta pilot n piloto
plastic adj + n plástico policeman/woman n policía
post v correo, publicar prepare v preparar
painter n pintor past noun + prep pasado, pasando, más allá de
perhaps adv tal vez, quizás pizza n pizza
player n jugador poor adj pobre
post office n oficina postal prize n premio
paper adj + n papel, periódico path n camino
photographer n fotógrafo planet n planeta
pocket n bolsillo popular adj popular
postcard n tarjeta postal problem n problema
partner n compañero, socio program n (US program) programa
piece n pedazo pull v jalar
police station n estación de policía pyramid n pirámide
prefer v preferir push v empujar
Q
quarter n trimestre, cuarta parte 25ctv quite adv bastante
queen n reina
R
race n + v carrera rocket n cohete
repair v reparar ready adj listo
Richard n Ricardo restaurant n restaurante
Robert n Roberto ruck sack n (US backpack) mochila
railway n ferrocarril remember v recordar
repeat v repetir rich adj rico, adinerado
right adj + n (as in direction) derecha ring n anillo, timbre
S
salt n sal (aderezo) sled n trineo
silver adj + n plata (metal) spoon n cuchara
sound n + v sonido, sonar such det tan, tal - tales como
strange adj extraño screen n pantalla
same adj mismo, igual smell n + v oler
since prep desde spot n + v punto, marcha, fijarse
south n sur suddenly adv de repente
stripe n raya, franja secret n secreto
Sarah n Sara snack n bocadillo
singer n cantante spotted adj con manchas
space n espacio sugar n azúcar
36
Vocabulary # 14
S
striped adj rayas secretary n secretaria
save v ahorrar, salvar, guardar snowball n bola de nieve
single adj solo, soltero spring n primavera
speak v hablar suitcase n maleta
student n estudiante sell v vender
science n ciencia snowboarding n tabla de nieve
ski n + v esquiar, esqui stage n (theatre) escenario
special adj especial summer n verano
study v estudiar send v enviar
scissors n tijeras snowman n muñeco de nieve
sky n cielo stamp n estampilla, sello
spend v gastar, pasar sunglasses n gafas de sol
subject n tema, sujeto September n septiembre
score n + v puntaje, anotar un gol so adv + conj tan, entonces
37
A2 Verb # 6
Verb base Past Past

Sound Meaning
form tense Participle
stand (stand) stood stood pararse, estar de pie
start (start) started started empezar
stop (stop) stopped stopped parar, detener, dejar de hacer
study (study) studied studied estudiar
suggest (sollest) suggested suggested sugerir
take (teik) took taken tomar, coger
talk (tok) talked talked hablar
tell (tel) told told decir, contar
think (zink) thought thought pensar, creer
travel (travel) traveled traveled viajar
try (tray) tried tried intentar, probar
turn (torn) turned turned girar, voltear
understand (onderstand) understood understood entender
use (ius) used used usar
use to (ius tu) used to used to soler, solía
wait (weit) waited waited esperar
wake up (wèik ap) woke up woken up despertar
walk (wok) walked walked caminar
want (want) wanted wanted querer
watch (watch) watched watched mirar, observar
will (wil) ________ ___________ (futuro)
Win (win) won won ganar
work (work) worked worked trabajar
worry (worry) worried worried preocuparse
write (wrait) wrote written escribir
38
Verb # 6
39
A2
9 I’ll pick you up!
watch out
get up
stand up
sit down
go away
find out
check in-out
listen to it
look at it
look for it
laugh at him
wait for me
-to suspend sth
in a hanger
think about it
talk about it
turn it on-off
turn it up-down
Ok, I’ll try it try it on
Try on the on Look up the most take it off
new suit important words put it on
look it up
take us out
Ok, I’ll look

them up
Conversation model
A: Hello!
B: Hello, Could I speak to Kim, please?
A: Sure, hold on!
C: Thanks, hello?
B: Hi, Kim, it’s John, Do you feel like eating out
tonight?
C: I’d love to. What time?
B: I’ll pick you up at 7:30, ok?
C: 7:30, that’s fine!
40
Self-study
SHORT
VERB PARTICLE LONG OBJECT
OBJECT
Look them up
Look up the most important words
Try it on
Try on the new suit
I don´t think they

get on with each other well.
To have a good relationship
Reply to the sentences, using a different phrasal verb.

Example
Why don`t you talk to me? Because you never listen to me
1. Would you like to sit down? ______________________________
2. Good morning! time to get up! ______________________________
3. Are you eating out tonight? ______________________________
4. Should I turn off the TV? ______________________________
5. I`m looking for Jack ______________________________
6. What are you thinking about? ______________________________
7. Put on your shoes ______________________________
41
A2
10 He looks like a writer
Look at the pictures and match

them with the sentences.
a) She looks about 55.

b) She looks happy.
c) She looks rich.
d) She looks about six or seven. 1 2 3 4
e) She looks like a movie star.
f) She looks calm. How tall are
you?
g) He looks like Arnold Schwarzenegger. What’s your
h) It doesn`t look very friendly. body type?
i) She looks shy.
How old do
j) It looks mean. you feel?
k) He looks tough. 5
Conversation model
A: You look miserable.
B: I feel miserable.
A: How come?
B: My grandmother died yesterday.
A: I’m sorry to hear that.
Conversation model
Practice new dialogs.
A: You look angry.
1. Excited / just won a $1000 in a contest / lucky you.
B: I feel angry.
2. Happy / my boss just gave me a raise / congratulations.
A: How come?
3. Worried / my exam is tomorrow and I don’t know a thing /
B: Somebody just crashed into my car. you will be ok.
A: That’s too bad.
Write “LIKE” in the blanks where necessary.
1. You look _______ fantastic.
2. That sounds ______ the telephone.
3. Are you feeling ______ bored?
4. She sounded ______ angry.
5. He looks ______ Clint Eastwood.
6. The water feels ______ ice.
42
 WHAT DO YOU LOOK LIKE? Self-study
Asking someone about his/her physical appearance.
 WHAT ARE YOU LIKE?
VERB ADJECTIVE
Asking someone about his/her personality.
you look great
HAIR EYES NOSE he sounds Italian
I felt sick
VERB LIKE + NOUN
large
she looks like a movie star
that sounds like rain
long
I feel like a child
small
LOOKS
short
bright
men are ...

pointed
expressionless
handsome
Red/ Turned up Gender neutral
ginger blue good-looking
attractive
unattractive
dignified
green
crooked
women are ...
Look at the pictures and complete the charts.

pretty
Example:
beautiful
Brown hair gorgeous
Black hair
Blond hair
Height Weight Age
43
A2 Vocabulary # 15
Grammatical key
T
take v (as in time e.g. it takes
tomar, coger, llevar turn on v encender
20 minutes)
tent n carpa, tienda de campaña taxi n taxi
timetable n horario through prep a través
traffic n tráfico tomorrow adv + n mañana
thank v agradecer twice adv dos veces
toe n dedo del pie teach v enseñar
turn v girar, voltear tidy adj + v limpio, ordenado
tape recorder n grabadora tonight adv + n esta noche
theatre n teatro, cine team n equipo
together adv juntos tights n malla (bailarina)
turn off v apagar torch n (US flash light) linterna
taste n + v probar (sabor) telephone n teléfono
thousand n mil time n tiempo
toilet n baño tour n paseo
U
umbrella n paraguas university n universidad
uniform n uniforme unusual adj inusual
until prep hasta unhappy adj triste
usually adv usualmente untidy adj desordenado, sucio
unfriendly adj hosco, no amigable use v usar, utilizar
V
view n ver, vista visit v visitar
violin n violin volleyball n
W
waiter n mesero wool n lana
whisper v susurrar west n oeste
win v ganar wild adj salvaje
wonderful adj maravilloso winter n invierno
warm adj tibio worried adj preocupado
whistle v silbar wheel n rueda
wing n ala will v (futuro)
wood n madera, bosque wish n + v deseo, desear
way n manera, camino where pron donde
wife n esposa William n Guillermo
winner n ganador without prep sin
X, Y, Z
yet adv ya, aun yourself pron tu mismo
you`re welcome excl de nada zero n zero
44
Vocabulary # 15
45
A2
Comparative & superlatives
Grammar # 6
Comparatives: using adjectives to compare nouns: people,

places, things.
Comparing adjectives are used to compare differences between the
two objects thy modify.
Short adjectives
Short & long adjectives
Short & long adjectives adjective + ER THAN
LESS + adjective + THAN
AS + adjective + AS • Chris is taller than John.
• Is Tom taller than Rose? • Cigarettes are less
• The book is as good as
addictive than other
the movie. Long adjectives
drugs.
• Is the movie as good
as the book? MORE + adjectives *THAN
• My sweater is more
beautiful than yours.
Compound words
“ANY” is used in questions. “ANY” is also used in negative sentences.
• Do we have any bread in the house?
• He hasn´t received any e-mails yet. ? - • There aren´t any students in the school.
• I don´t want to drink any fruit juice.
ANY
Exception to the rule: "any" can only be used in positive
+
sentences if it is used with conjunctions such as "if" and
"weather".
• We will always help you if you have any problems.
46
A2
Compound words
Grammar # 6
+ Some is generally used in positive ( affirmative) sentences.
• There are some flowers in a vase on the table.
• He needs some medicine.
SOME Exception to the rule: "some" can also be used in questions
? if you are offering something to someone or asking for

something.
• Would you like some coffee?
Adverbs & adjectives

Adverbs are words that For example: The adverb quickly describes
describe verbs, adjectives, the verb run.
• I ran quickly to the
and other adverbs.
store.
ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES

Adjectives describe nouns, For example: For example:
while adverbs describe
• She is careful. • She walks carefully.
verbs, adjectives, and
other adverbs. The adjective careful is The adverb carefully is
Phrasal verbs describing the noun. describing the verb.
47
A2
11 Key ring, wedding ring!
• I love fireworks on the fourth of July.

• Make sure you hold hands when you
come to the crosswalk.
• The ocean was bathed in moonlight.
• Did you hear about the terrible
earthquake?
• The fireflies buzzed in the night sky.
• Ice cream is my favorite dessert.

• The line at the post office snaked all the
way out the door and around the corner.
• Rhonda is my half sister.
• There must be a full moon out tonight.
Make a compound noun by

matching the words. Draw a line to match the two words to make compound words.
1. Key / wedding ticket Base yard Butter mother

2. Theater / bus book Egg bell Birth day
3. Hair / paint card Tree ball Basket fly
4. Business / post ring Barn brush Grand plane
Rail road Play ground
5. Date / grammar brush
Water shell Air ball
6. News / drawing juice
Pan melon May out
7. Coat / jeans sandwich
Tooth cake To be
8. Cheese / chicken pocket
Door house With night
9. Apple / orange paper
Write sentences using the compound words below in plural form.

Example: Did you pack the children`s toothbrushes?
1. Taxi driver ____________________________________
2. Newspaper ____________________________________
3. Chicken sandwich ____________________________________
4. Theater ticket ____________________________________
5. Business woman ____________________________________
6. Pencil box ____________________________________
7. Police officer ____________________________________
48
Self-study
 They have a space between the words.

 A new meaning is formed when they are read
together.
Examples:
 Ice cream is my favorite dessert.
 There must be a full moon out tonight.
 The post office is closed.
 They are formed when two unique words are

joined together.
 Do not have a space between them.
Examples:
 His mother-in-law is a great woman.
 She has high self-esteem.
 We could get-together next weekend.
Look at the pictures and write the correct compound word.
49
A2
12 Someone who...
• Michael, whose father is a judge, is a policeman.
Conversation model
• The cake that I bought yesterday tastes Delicious. A: Tell me about your ideal date.
• The boy who sang the solo is my brother’s best B: I’d like someone who has a good sense
friend. of humor.
A: Wouldn’t you prefer someone who looks
• My music teacher was the person who helped me
like Tom Cruise / Shakira?
the most.
B: No way! / maybe / I guess so.
• Juan has two dogs.
• Juan’s dogs are black.
• Juan has two dogs that are black.
• Juan’s daughter is called Marcela.
• Marcela has two sons.
• Juan’s daughter who has two sons,

is called Marcela..
Conversation model
A: Do you know anyone who lives in Australia?
B: Yes, my cousin Rose lives there. Do you know
anyone who can speak French?
A: No, I don’t. Do you know anyone who’s named
Kevin?
B: Yes, my sister’s boyfriend is called Kevin. Do
you know anyone who drinks 5 cups of coffee a
day?
A: Yes, I know someone who drinks lots of coffee.
Practice a conversation using:

Husband / wife / boss / teacher
Check the first four sentences if you agree, then complete

the other four.
1. I`d like to marry someone who`ll do the cooking.

2. I like teachers who make me work hard.
3. I want to date someone who`s good at sports.
4. I`d like a boss who has a good sense of humor.
5. I`d like someone who __________________________ .
6. I like teachers who ____________________________ .
7. I`d like a husband / wife who ____________________ .
8. I`d like a boss who ____________________________ .
50
Self-study
It refers to people
It refers to animals and

objects
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
It refers to possession MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
who
It refers to people, animals. It I like people laugh at my jokes
can replace WHO or WHICH that
I have a parrot that likes watching TV
I don`t like movies that have sad endings
It refers to places
We can use WHO or THAT for people;

It refers to time
We can only use THAT for animals and things
She lives in Worcester, which is a cathedral city.
I don´t like the clown that has a bright red nose.
Rachel liked the new chair, which was very comfortable.
That’s the girl who lives near the school.
Join the sentences using a relative pronoun.

1. His girlfriend is very intelligent. She is an architect.
__________________________________________________
2. They gave us a present. This was a complete surprise.
__________________________________________________
3. He was saying something. I didn’t understand.
__________________________________________________
4. I spoke to the police officer. She was working at the reception desk.
__________________________________________________
5. I left some things on the table. They aren’t there any more.
__________________________________________________
Match the sentences

1. Do you have any friends a) who speaks Chinese?
2. She found a purse b) that has good music.
3. I don`t like people c) that talks.
4. Do you know anyone d) that has money in it.
5. Let`s go to a bar e) who tell lies.
6. My sister has a bird f) who sing well?
51
A2
13 Flying doesn’t worry me
Conversation model
A: Which do you prefer, swimming in the
ocean or swimming in the pool?
B: Swimming in a pool.
A: Why?
B: It`s cleaner, it`s usually warmer, and you
don`t get sand in your clothes!
No, flying doesn’t

Do you mind
scare me at all. Conversation Model
flying?
A: Driving fast is dangerous.
B: Driving too slowly can be dangerous, too.
A: Sitting at the front of a class can be dangerous!
B: Skiing down a mountain on a piano is very
dangerous!
No, I don’t enjoy

Do you like going going to the dentist.
to the dentist?
Give your opinion about the following

questions. Which do you prefer?
1. Travelling by car or by bus.
2. Arriving at a dinner party too early or very late.
3. Having no money or no friends.
4. Eating at home or at a restaurant.
52
Self-study
Circle the correct words to complete these ideas from a book about memory.
1. Get into the habit of (repeating / to repeat) things aloud.

2. Never rely on someone else's memory. Learn (trusting / to trust) your own.
3. It's easy forgetting / to forget what you don't want (remembering / to remember).
4. Study immediately before (going / to go) to sleep. You'll remember a lot more.
5. Our memories are filled with things we never meant (remembering / to remember).
6. Make it a habit to look back at your car every time you get out and you'll never forget (turning off / to
turn off) your headlights.
7. (Playing / to play) games is a fun way of (improving / to improve) your memory skills.
53
A2
14 Up to now!
Tim has had a hard day. He has spent the whole day at university because he has had to study hard
for a test. Now, it is midnight and at last he has gone to bed.
Mr. and Mrs. Burton have been on holiday at the seaside for two weeks. They have stayed in a very
good hotel since they arrived, but now they are packing to go home. They are not very happy to be
leaving.
Conversation model
A: Have you ever broken a bone?
B: No, I haven`t, but my brother
broke his nose last year.
A: How did he do that?
B: He walked into a lamp post
A: Oh! poor guy!
Conversation model
A: Have you ever been to Chicago?
B: No, I have never been there OR,
Yes, I have been there about six
months ago.
Ask questions. Write the questions, begin with Have you ever….?
1. Be / Montreal Have you ever been to Montreal?
2. Play / golf Have you ever __________________________________?
3. Be / USA ______________________________________________?
4. Lose / your passport ______________________________________________?
5. Fly / helicopter ______________________________________________?
6. Eat / Chinese food ______________________________________________?
7. Drive a bus ______________________________________________?
Have you ever

been to France? No, I haven’t
Have you ever

been to London?
Yes, I have
54
Self-study
We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk

about our life up to now, with words like
EVER and NEVER.
Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verbs.

Use simple past tense or present perfect.
1. I _________________________ (see) the twins in town last week.

2. _________________________ (you / ever / meet) her brother?
3. Where _________________________ (you / be) last weekend?
4. _________________________ (you / see) Kathleen?
5. We ________________ (not / go) on holiday last year.
6. I love clothes. I _________________________ (buy) a lot this year.
7. What _________________________ (you /do) last weekend?
8. Dad _________________________ (repair) the car, you can use it now.
9. Agatha Christie _________________________ (live) from 1890 to 1976.
10.Granny still _________________________ (not / find) her glasses.
55
A2
15 How long have you..?
Conversation model EVER Have you ever been to Paris?
A: How long have you been engaged to Ralph? No, I’ve never been to Paris
NEVER
B: We`ve been together since last December.
A: Oh! I see! How long have you lived in this house?
FOR
I’ve lived here for 2 years.
SINCE
I’ve lived here since 2016.
Have you seen the new James Bond film, yet?

ALREADY
Yes, we’ve already seen it twice.
YET
No, we haven’t seen it yet.
Do you want something to eat?

JUST
No, I have just had dinner.
Conversation model
A: How long have you had your cat?
B: I have had it for about 6 years.
A: What`s the cat`s name?
B: It`s Foxy.
What did you think Have you seen

of the concert? Mark, today? Not yet, I haven`t
seen him today,
maybe later.
It was the worst

concert I`ve ever
been to.
Complete using FOR or SINCE.

1. _________ about 1990.
2. _________ I was in school.
3. _________ last October.
There hasn`t been a really good movie at this theater for
three or four weeks, but it`s the only show in town. Robert 4. _________ two years
and Susan have lived in this small town for most of their 5. _________ yesterday.
lives, and they´ve known each other since Elementary
school. They`ve been dating for two years and they`ve 6. _________ three months.
been engaged since last year. They are getting married 7. _________ a year.
next year.
8. _________ I was 10.
56
Self-study
Have she switched off the

TV?
Yes, she have.
57
A2
Compound words
Grammar # 7
Gerunds
Relative pronouns
58
A2
Present perfect
Grammar # 7
Present perfect: for / since
59
A2
16 Most of them
Which sentences are true?
1. ALL snakes are dangerous.
2. MOST snakes lay eggs.
3. MOST OF my friends like snakes.
4. MANY snakes can travel as fast as 40 mph.
About 500 species of snakes are dangerous to
5. SOME snakes have ears.
humans, about 2,500 species are not. Only a few
6. SOME OF the longest snakes in the world snakes give birth to living young. Snakes can travel
can grow up to 40 feet. 10 mph, it´s their maximum speed. They can grow
7. A FEW snakes can eat a whole pig. up to nine meters. The largest Python swallowed a
8. NO snakes can swim. 200 pound bear. There are many sea-snakes. Many
land snakes can swim, too. Rattlesnakes live wild in
9. NONE OF the snakes in my country are
North America, but Cobras live in Africa and South
dangerous. Asia.
10.BOTH OF these snakes eat children.
11.NEITHER OF these snakes are dangerous.
12.ONE OF them lives in the USA.
• Both of them are birds.

• Neither of them can fly.
• Neither of them live in our country
Conversation model
A: What were your teachers like in school?
B: Most of my teachers were nice, but a few of
them were very strict. QUANTIFIERS with / without OF
A: What do you think of small children? MOST OF
B: Some small kids are fun, but some are a MOST THE / THIS / THAT / THESE / MY /
real nuisance! HIS / IT / YOU / US / THEM …
Water snakes These / Those water snakes
Students The students in this room
Teachers My teachers; Them
What do the following things have in common?
1. Airplane and helicopter (fly – birds)

______________________________________________________________
2. Pencil and socks (expensive – very useful)
______________________________________________________________
3. Visit to the dentist and having injections (enjoyable – good for you)
______________________________________________________________
60
Self-study
RULES
• We do not use OF when we talk about things or
people in general.
Example: some teachers, a few friends
• We usually use OF when we talk about things
or people in particular.
Example: some of my teachers, a few of
their friends
• A few / a little: small amount but content.
• Few / little: small amount and not content,

not enough
Complete the sentences using: “a few”

Complete the sentence with much or many. “few” “a little” or “little”
1. I don’t have ___________ time.
1. They have a small cheap car because they
2. Do you play ___________ football? have __________ money.
3. I don’t eat ___________ meat. 2. There are __________ flowers in a vase on
the table.
4. There aren’t ___________ people here.
3. I have to see my boss. I have __________
5. We don’t get ___________ rain in summer.
questions to ask him.
6. Are there ___________ Americans in your country?
4. My house is almost empty. I have
7. Have you travelled to ___________ countries? __________ furniture.
8. Was there ___________ traffic on the road? 5. Could we have __________ wine, please?
61
A2
17 When I was sixteen
1. I'll talk to her after she's given the conference.

First, she will give a conference.
Second, I will talk to her.
2. I'll see you before I leave.
First, I'll see you.
Second, I will leave.
TIME CONJUCTIONS; BEFORE / AFTER

Conversation model
A. You left school when you were 16 and worked as
(1) I took a shower. (2) I went to bed
a hairdresser. Now you`re an airplane pilot. How I took a shower before I went to bed.
Before
did you do it? Before I went to bed, I took a shower.
B. Well, after I gave up hair dressing. I got a job as I went to bed after I took a shower.
After
an air traffic controller. While I was doing that, I After I took a shower, I went to bed.
took flying lessons.
While
I´ll be at the playground while
you are talking to Mr. Pitt.
When
I was having a shower when
somebody rang the doorbell.
Complete these sentences about yourself.

1. I learned to read when I was _____________________
2. After I left elementary school _____________________
3. I often listen to music while ______________________
4. I met my best friend when ________________________
5. I usually _______________________ before I go to bed.
6. I was happy when ______________________________
Join the pair of sentences in two different

ways using before and after.
1.- She made a phone call / she went out

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2.- She got in a taxi / she opened a letter
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3.- She got out of the taxi / she paid the driver
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
62
Self-study
Read the story and complete the sentences below
John is a handyman and works for an import and export company in the City of London. John starts work at 9
o’clock in the morning. He has an hour for lunch from 1 pm till 2 pm. He finishes work at half past five in the
afternoon.
Last Monday was a very busy day for John. When he arrived at work at quarter to nine there was a van waiting
with a delivery of stationery. John had to help the delivery man unload the boxes.
John made himself a cup of coffee and then started putting the boxes away in the stationery cupboard. When he
had finished he had a phone call from the company secretary. He wanted John to rearrange his office and
dismantle and remove his old desk. John finished just in time for his lunch break.
John had lunch with his colleagues and then went back to his desk. As soon as he got there he had a call from
the receptionist. A new desk had been delivered. John went down to reception and helped the delivery man
carry the large boxes up to the company secretary’s office. The company secretary said that he was off to a
meeting and would be out for about 2 hours, so John spent the rest of the afternoon putting the desk together. At
5:30 pm John collected his bag and went home.
1. John started work (before / after) 9 o’clock.

2. John had a cup of coffee (before / after) putting the stationery away.
3. The company secretary phoned John (before / after) he had put the stationery away.
4. The receptionist phoned John (before / after) his lunch break.
5. What did John do after his lunch break?
6. What did the company secretary tell John before he left his office?
7. What did John do after the phone call from the company secretary but before going to lunch?
PAST PROGRESSIVE AND PAST SIMPLE WITH “WHEN” AND “WHILE”

Look at the pictures, then put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1.- ________ Mike ____________________ (watch)

TV all the lights ____________ (go) off.
2.- John ____________ (jog) in the park _________ a

dog ____________ (attack) him.
3.- A burglar ____________ (break) into the house

while Molly and Dan ____________________ (play)
videos.
4.- The Browns __________________ (drive) in their

new car when it ____________ (start) to rain.
63
A2
18 He says he enjoys it
Conversation model
Roy: Hello!
Sue: Hello Roy, is Frank there?
Roy: I`m sorry Sue, he went to the laundromat.
Can I take a message?
Sue: Yes please, can you tell him I can`t get any
tickets for the show on Wednesday, so I`m going
to get some for Thursday instead.
Roy: Ok Sue, I`ll pass on the message.
When Tim got up this morning he said he was

Frank, Sue called. feeling very ill and also complained that he had
She says she can’t
not slept at all. He said, “I am feeling very ill this
get any tickets for the
show on Wednesday, morning. I did not sleep at all last night”. His
so, she’s going to get father asked him if the noise of snoring that came
them for Thursday from his room could be by any chance a snoring
instead.
ghost. He said, “Was that noise of snoring
coming from your room, a snoring ghost by any
chance?”. Tim replied he was not going to
answer that question. He said, “I`m not going to
answer that question”.
REPORTED SPEECH
Sam says
he doesn't like swimming.
Sam tells me
Direct
to give the exact words of the speaker.
Speech
He said "I am tired"
to give the exact meaning of the speaker,

Indirect
without using the exact words. Speaking
Speech
from 3rd person perspective.
He said, he is tired.
Reported speech permits us to use the

speakers’ words or thoughts and make
them part of our own speech.
Tense change: When reporting, there
must be a modification in the verb tense
between what was originally said and
what is being reported.
64
Self-study
5
6
Rewrite the following sentences in “indirect

speech”.
1. “Sally doesn’t like horror films.”
Rewrite the following sentences in Arthur said _________________________
“direct speech”.
2. “Mary doesn’t go to school on foot.”
1. “Angela likes fashion magazines.”
She said ___________________________
She said _______________________
3. “Rich is watching TV.”
2. “Charles is a wonderful person.”
She said ___________________________
She said _______________________
4. “The fireplace isn’t working properly.”
3. “I’m not having a party tomorrow.”
They said __________________________
She said _______________________
5. “John doesn’t take a bath every day.”
4. “These aren’t my favorite books.”
Martha said _________________________
He said ________________________
6. “He enjoys being alone.”
5. “We are having a great time.” He said ____________________________
She said _______________________
7. “My cousin Peter speaks Spanish.”
She said ___________________________
8. “They don’t understand their parents.”
They said __________________________
65
A2
19 What if….
Conversation model
A: If you like funny movies, you should
watch “House Sitter”
B: Who`s in it?
A: Steve Martin.
B: Oh! He`s great.
A: But if you like jazz, you should go to
Ronnie`s Jazz Club.
B: I don`t really like jazz.
A: Oh, you don`t?
B: No, I like rock music.
Conversation model
at a hotel
Guest: How can I get the front desk?
Receptionist: Just dial 01.
Guest: Ok thanks, what if I want to call long
distance?
Receptionist: Dial 01, if you have any problems, dial
9 then 00 for the operator.
Guest: Thank you once again.
Receptionist: There should be a list of numbers in the
drawer, if there isn`t, I`ll get you one.
IF CLAUSES
If the stairs are on fire, go to the window.
If you don`t like the food, don`t eat it.
If you were the leader of your country, If you had three wishes, What would
What would you do or change? you wish for?
What would you do if you had one If you could travel in time, Where
last day to live? would you go?
What would you do if you won the If you could start your life over, What
lottery? would you change?
66
IF CLAUSES— CONDITIONALS
Self-study
TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

TYPE 0 IF + SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
GENERAL TRUTH subject + Verb subject + verb
It is used when talking about our habits, our typical behavior, explanations, guidelines, orders,
instructions, general truths and scientific facts.
If it rains, the ground gets wet. if you smoke, you get sick.
EXAMPLES
If you mix red and yellow, you get orange. If you boil water, it evaporates.
TYPE 1 IF + SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE POSSIBILITY subject + Verb subject + will + verb
It is used to express a possibility in the future (it is not certain that it will happen, but it is possible) or
when talking about real and possible situations in the future.
If I have enough money, I will buy a car. If you work hard, you will win the prize.
EXAMPLES
If I go to the pool, I will swim. If I am not busy, I will help you.
TYPE 2 IF + SIMPLE PAST TENSE UNREAL SITUATION

PRESENT UNREAL subject + Verb subject + would + verb
It is used to express dreams, unreal situations and things that are unlikely to happen. To give advice.
If I was Superman, I would fly to Paris. If I was born in China, I would speak Chinese.
EXAMPLES
If I won the lottery, I would buy a boat. If I were you, I would go to the party.
Fill in the blanks with either zero or first conditional.

1. There ____________ (be) problems in traffic if it snows.
2. You will see the London Eye if you ____________ (visit) London.
3. If you ____________ (go) to the club tomorrow, you will dance a lot.
4. If you ____________ (not / go) out, please be sure to rent some up-dated films.
5. I won’t go to the party if it ____________ (rain).
6. If you _____________ (sit) in the sun, you get burned.
7. If I _____________ (be) even 5 minutes late for work, my boss shouts at me.
8. If you _____________ (speak) loud enough, I will be able to hear you.
Fill in the gaps with the type 1 conditional. Fill in the gaps with the type 2 conditional.
1. If you _________ (squeeze) an orange, you 1. If I _____________ (be) you, I ___________

___________ (get) orange juice. (study) for the final exam.
2. You _______ (put) on some more weight if 2. If my parents ______________ (be) rich, I
you _______ (eat) too much sugar. __________ (not / need) to work so much.
3. If I ________ (study) a lot, I ________ 3. If Sara ________________ (have) good
(pass) the test. handwriting, I could understand her!
4. If you __________ (press) that button, the 4. If my computer ________________ (function)
machine _________ (stop) functioning. properly, I __________ (use) it more often.
5. If you __________ (not / apologize), she 5. You ______________ (be) healthier if you
___________ (not / forgive) you. __________ (eat) less red meat.
6. If you __________ (wash) the dishes today, I 6. If we __________ (eat) more vegetables, our
__________ (dust) the house. body __________ (be) healthier.
67
A2
20 She had forgotten
Jane laid the table for her birthday party yesterday. After she had put
everything in its place, she found she had forgotten to lay a place for
herself. When she had done this right, she found she had not borrowed
enough glasses. When she had put the glasses in their places, she
found she had forgotten to put a glass for her husband. She went back
to her neighbor’s house. She is a nice woman and came over to help
Jane. As her neighbor says, “Two heads are better than one”.
Tim tidied his room yesterday. First he took all the papers
out of the drawers of his desk. After he had wasted a lot
The more people there are to
of time looking at old letters, he just put them all back in
help, the lighter the work is.
the drawers again. When he had done this, there were so
many clothes on the bed, on the chairs and on the floor.
He called his mother to help him. Between them they soon
had the room tidy again. As Mrs. Burton says, “Many
hands make light work”.
Complete the sentences using Past Perfect tense.
1. When I arrived to the cinema, the film ____________________________________ (start)

2. She ________________________________ (live) in China before she went to Thailand.
3. After they ____________________________ (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.
4. If you _______________________________ (listen) to me, You would have got the job.
5. Julie didn´t arrive until after I ____________________________________________ (leave)
6. When we ___________________________________________ (finish) dinner, we went out.
7. The garden was dead because it ___________________________ (be) dry all summer.
8. He ___________________________________________ (meet) her somewhere else before.
9. We were late for the plane because we ____________________ (forget) our passports.
10.She told me she ____________________________________ (study) a lot before the exam.
68
Self-study
PAST PERFECT TENSE
It expresses an action in the past before another action in the
past. This is the past of the past.
The train left at 9am. We arrived at
EXAMPLE: 9:15am. When we arrived, the train
had left.
SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

It is used for the past action
already finished when another After the film had started, we arrived
past action happened.
For the past action that started

in the past and continued up I had not seen him for 5 days.
to a given time in the past
For unreal or imaginary things,

We wish we hadn't eaten so much.
wishes in the past.
In the reported speech after

She said she had swum
verbs like said, told, asked, etc.
Complete the sentences using Past Simple or Past Perfect.
1.- Barbara ___________ (live) in Greece for three years before she ___________ (move) to Italy.
2.-My team ___________ (not win) the football match because they ___________ (play) badly.
3.-The teacher ___________ (punish) the student because he ___________ (be) very naughty.
4.-By winter, the new soap opera ___________ (become) the most popular show on TV.
5.-He ___________ (mug) three passengers by the time the police ___________ (arrive).
6.-The pirates ___________ (hijack) an enormous ship two months ago in Somalia.
7.-The captain of the ship ___________ (surrender) because he ___________ (hate) violence.
8.-The journalist ___________ (interview) the famous actress before the TV reporters ___________
(arrive).
9.-Everyone ___________ (leave) the train before the bomb ___________ (explode).
10.- By the time my mum ___________ (prepare) lunch, we ___________ (lay) the table.
Complete the text with verbs in brackets. Use Past Simple or Past Perfect:
In March 1999, thieves ________________ (steal) diamonds from Woolworth, a famous jewelry shop in
Boston. The thieves were very smart. Before the robbery, they ________________ (hide) in the building
next door and ________________ (cut) a hole through the wall.
They used it to get into the shop. By the time the guard at the entrance ________________ (see) them,
they ________________ (already / take) the most valuable diamond from the safe.
A man from the neighborhood ________________ (hear) some noises in the shop and he
________________ (call) the police but when they ________________ (arrive) to the shop, the thieves
________________ (escape).
69
A2
Quantifiers
Grammar # 8
MUCH
It is only used for questions and negative sentences.
It is used with uncountable things.
• How much does it cost?

• She didn’t have much homework last night.
UNCOUNTABLE COUNTABLE
WATER BOTTLES / GALLONS
SLEEP HOURS OF SLEEP
MANY
It is mainly used in questions and negative sentences.
It is used with countable things.
• How many siblings do you have?

• We don’t have many things to do today.
A LOT OF
It is most commonly used when speaking, but it’s infor-
mal, so we don’t use it for exams or documents. It is
used in positive / negative statements and questions.
• Did you buy a lot of supplies for the party?

• He has a lot of friends.
• I didn’t have a lot of trouble on the exam.
Reported speech
70
A2
If clauses - conditionals
Grammar # 8
TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
TYPE 0 IF + SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
GENERAL TRUTH subject + Verb subject + verb
It is used when talking about our habits, our typical behavior, explanations, guidelines, orders,
instructions, general truths and scientific facts.
If it rains, the ground gets wet. if you smoke, you get sick.
EXAMPLES
If you mix red and yellow, you get orange. If you boil water, it evaporates.
TYPE 1 IF + SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE FUTURE TENSE

FUTURE POSSIBILITY subject + Verb subject + will + verb
It is used to express a possibility in the future (it is not certain that it will happen, but it is possible) or
when talking about real and possible situations in the future.
If I have enough money, I will buy a car. If you work hard, you will win the prize.
EXAMPLES
If I go to the pool, I will swim. If I am not busy, I will help you.
TYPE 2 IF + SIMPLE PAST TENSE UNREAL SITUATION

PRESENT UNREAL subject + Verb subject + would + verb
It is used to express dreams, unreal situations and things that are unlikely to happen. To give advice.
If I was Superman, I would fly to Paris. If I was born in China, I would speak Chinese.
EXAMPLES
If I won the lottery, I would buy a boat. If I were you, I would go to the party.
Past perfect
Something had happened before

something else in the past.
• I wasn’t thirsty. I had just had a glass of water.
• The flat was a total mess. They hadn’t lived there

for years.
71
A2
Grammatical key
Vocabulary

A
a/an (det) afternoon (n) a.m. (adv) arm (n)
able (adj) afterwards (adv) amazing (adj) armchair (n)
about (adv & prep) again (adv) ambulance (n) around (adv & prep)
above (adv & prep) against (prep) among (prep) arrive (v)
accident (n) age (n) and (conj) art (n)
across (adv & prep) aged (adj) angry (adj) article (n)
act (n & v) ago (adv) animal (n) artist (n)
activity (n) agree (v) another (det & pron) as (conj & prep)
actor (n) air (n) answer (n & v) ask (v)
actually (adv) airport (n) any (det & pron) assistant (n)
ad (n) alarm clock (n) anybody (pron) as well (adv)
add (v) album (n) anymore (adv) as well (as) (prep)
address (n) all (adv, det & pron) anyone (pron) at (prep)
all right/alright (adj, adv &
adult (adj & n) anything (pron) at / @ (prep)
exclam)
advanced (adj) almost (adv) anyway (adv) attractive (adj)
adventure (n) alone (adj & adv) anywhere (adv) aunt (n)
advertisement (n) along (prep) apartment (n) autumn (n)
advice (n) already (adv) apartment building (n) available (adj)
airplane (n) alright (adj, adv & exclam) apple (n) away (adv)
afraid (adj) also (adv) appointment (n) awful (adj)
after (adv & prep) always (adv) area (n)
B
baby (n) become (v) blanket (n) boyfriend (n)
back (n, adv & adj) bed (n) block (n) brain (n)
backpack (n) bedroom (n) blond(e) (adj) brave (adj)
bad (adj) bee (n) blood (n) bread (n)
badly (adv) before (adv, conj & prep) blouse (n) break (n & v)
badminton (n) begin (v) blue (adj & n) breakfast (n)
bag (n) beginner (n) board (n) bridge (n)
bake (v) beginning (n) board game (n) bright (adj)
ball (n) behind (adv & prep) boat (n) brilliant (adj)
balloon (n) believe (v) body (n) bring (v)
banana (n) belong (v) boil (v) broken (adj)
band (n) below (adv & prep) boiled (adj) brother (n)
bandage (n) belt (n) book (n & v) brown (adj & n)
bank (n) beside (prep) bookcase (n) brush (n & v)
barbecue (n) best (adj & adv) bookshelf (n) build (v)
bookshop (n) (Br Eng) (Am
baseball (n) better (adj & adv) building (n)
Eng: bookstore)
bookstore (n) (Am Eng) (Br
basketball (n) between (prep) burger (n)
Eng: bookshop)
bat (n) bicycle (n) boot (n) bus (n)
bath (n) big (adj) bored (adj) business (n)
72
A2
B
bathing suit (n) bike (n) boring (adj) businessman (n)
bathroom (n) bill (n) born (v) businesswoman (n)
Vocabulary
bathtub (n) biology (n) borrow (v) bus station (n)
battery (n) bird (n) boss (n) bus stop (n)
be (av & v) birth (n) both (pron & det) busy (adj)
beach (n) birthday (n) bother (v) but (conj)
biscuit (n) (Br Eng) (Am
bean (n) bottle (n) butter (n)
Eng: cookie)
bear (n) bit (n) bottom (n) buy (v)
beard (n) please bowl (n) by (prep)
beautiful (adj) black (adj & n) box (n) bye (exclam)
because (conj) blackboard (n) boy (n)
C
cabinet (n) cent (n) clear (adj) cook (n & v)
cafe/café (n) centre/center (n) clearly (adv) cooker (n)
centimetre/centimeter cookie (n) (Am Eng) (Br
cafeteria (n) clever (adj)
(cm) (n) Eng: biscuit)
cake (n) century (n) click (n & v) cooking (n)
calendar (n) cereal (n) climb (v) cool (adj & exclam)
call (n & v) certainly (not) (adv) climbing (n) copy (v)
camel chain (n) clock (n) corner (n)
camera (n) chair (n) close (adj & v) correct (adj)
camp (v) change (v & n) close to (prep phr) cost (n & v)
camping (n) channel (n) closed (adj) costume (n)
campsite (n) chat (n) clothes (n pl) could (mv)
cap (n) chatroom (n) cloud (n) country (n)
capital (n) cheap (adj) cloudy (adj) countryside (n)
can (n & mv) check (v) clown (n) course (n)
candy (n) cheese (n) club (n) cousin (n)
cannot (mv) chef (n) coach (n) cover (v)
chemist (n) (Br Eng) (Am
car (n) coat (n) cow (n)
Eng: drugstore)
card (n) chemistry (n) coffee (n) crazy (adj)
career (n) cheque (n) cola (n) cream (adj & n)
careful (adj) chess (n) cold (adj & n) credit card (n)
carefully (adv) chicken (n) colleague (n) cricket (n)
car park (n) (Br Eng) (Am
child (n) collect (v) cross (n & v)
Eng: parking lot)
carpet (n) chili (n) college (n) crossing (n)
carrot (n) chips (n pl) color (n & v) crowd (n)
carry (v) chocolate (n) comb (n) crowded (adj)
cartoon (n) choose (v) come (v) cry (v)
case (n) cinema (n) comfortable (adj) cup (n)
cash (n & v) circle (n) comic (n) cupboard (n)
castle (n) circus (n) company (n) curry (n)
cat (n) city (n) competition (n) curtain (n)
catch (v) class (n) complete (v) customer (n)
cathedral (n) classical (adj) computer (n) cut (v)
CD (n) classmate (n) concert (n) cycle (v)
CD player (n) classroom (n) congratulations! (exclam) cycling (n)
ceiling (n) clean (adj & v) contact (n & v)
73
A2
D
dad (n) department (n) diploma (n) downstairs (adv)
Vocabulary
daily (adj & adv) department store (n) dirty (adj) Dr. (n)
dance (n & v) describe (v) discotheque (n) draw (v)
dancer (n) desert (n) discount (n) drawer (n)
dancing (n) desk (n) discuss (v) drawing (n)
danger (n) dessert (n) dish (n) dream (n & v)
dangerous (adj) detail (n) do (av & v) dress (n & v)
dark (adj) diary (n) doctor (n) dressed (adj)
date (n) dictionary (n) document (n) drink (n & v)
daughter (n) die (v) dog (n) drive (v)
day (n) difference (n) doll (n) driver (n)
dead (adj) different (adj) dollar (n) driving licence (n)
drugstore (n) (Am Eng) (Br
dear (adj) difficult (adj) dolphin (n)
Eng: chemist)
decide (v) digital (adj) door (n) drum (n)
deep (adj) digital camera (n) dot (n) dry (adj & v)
degree (n) dining room (n) double (adj) duck (n)
delay (n & v) dinner (n) down (adv & prep) during (prep)
dentist (n) dinosaur (n) download (n & v) DVD player (n)
E
each (det & pron) else (adv) even (adv) exciting (adj)
ear (n) email (n & v) evening (n) excuse (v)
early (adj & adv) empty (adj) ever (adv) exercise (n & v)
earn (v) end (v & n) every (det) exhibition (n)
earring (n) engine (n) everybody (pron) exit (n)
easily (adv) engineer (n) everyone (pron) expensive (adj)
east (n, adj & adv) enjoy (v) everything (pron) explain (v)
easy (adj) enough (adv, det & pron) everywhere (adv) explore (v)
eat (v) enter (v) exactly (adv) explorer (n)
egg (n) entrance (n) examination/exam (n) extra (adj)
electric (adj) envelope (n) example (n) eye (n)
eraser (n) (Am Eng) (Br
electricity (n) excellent (adj)
Eng: rubber)
elephant (n) especially (adv) except (conj & prep)
elevator (n) (Am Eng) (Br
euro (n) excited (adj)
Eng: lift)
F
face (n) feel (v) fishing (n) form (n)
fact (n) festival (n) fit (adj) free (adj & adv)
french fries (n) (Am Eng)
factory (n) few (det & adj) flat (n)
(Br Eng: chips)
fail (v) field (n) flight (n) fresh (adj)
fair (adj) file (n) floor (n) fridge (n)
fall (n & v) fill (v) flower (n) fried (adj)
family (n) fill in (phr v) fly (v) friend (n)
famous (adj) film (n & v) fog (n) friendly (adj)
fan (n) final (adj) foggy (adj) from (prep)
fantastic (adj) finally (adv) follow (v) front (n)
far (adv) find (v) food (n) fruit (n)
farm (n) find out (phr v) foot (n) full (adj)
farmer (n) fine (adj) football (n) fun (adj & n)
74
A2
F
fashion (n) finger (n) footballer (n) funny (adj)
Vocabulary
fast (adj & adv) finish (v) for (prep) furniture (n)
fast food (n) fire (n) foreign (adj) further (adj)
fat (adj) first (adv & adj) forest (n) future (n)
father (n) first name (n) forget (v)
favorite (adj) fish (n & v) fork (n)
G
game (n) give (v) good night (exclam) great (adj)
garage (n) glad (adj) go out (phr v) green (adj)
grey (adj & n) (Br Eng) (Am
garden (n) glass (n) grade (n)
Eng: gray)
garlic (n) glasses (n pl) gram(me) (n) grilled (adj)
gas (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:
glove (n) grandchild (n) grocery store (n) (Am Eng)
petrol)
gas station (n) (Am Eng)
go (v) granddad (n) group (n)
(Br Eng: petrol station)
gate (n) goal (n) granddaughter (n) grow (v)
geography (n) gold (n & adj) grandfather (n) grow up (phr v)
get (v) golden (adj) grandma (n) guess (v)
get fit (phr v) golf (n) grandmother (n) guest (n)
get off (phr v) good (adj) grandpa (n) guest-house (n)
get on (phr v) good afternoon (exclam) grandparent (n) guide (n)
get up (phr v) goodbye (exclam) grandson (n) guidebook (n)
gift (n) good evening (exclam) granny (n) guitar (n)
girl (n) good-looking (adj) grape (n) guy (n)
girlfriend (n) good morning (exclam) grass (n) gym (n)
H
hair (n) headache (n) hi (exclam) hope (v)
half (det, n & pron) headteacher (n) high (adj) horrible (adj)
half-price (adj) health (n) hill (n) horse (n)
hall (n) healthy (adj) him (pron) hospital (n)
hand (n) hear (v) himself (pron) hot (adj)
handbag (n) heart (n) hip hop (n) hotel (n)
happen (v) heating (n) his (det & pron) hour (n)
happy (adj) heavy (adj) history (n) house (n)
hard (adj & adv) helicopter (n) hit (v) housewife (n)
hat (n) hello (exclam) hobby (n) how (adv)
hate (v) help (v) hockey (n) however (adv)
have (av & v) her (det & pron) hold (v) hungry (adj)
have got to (mv) here (adv) holiday (n) hurry (v)
have to (mv) hers (pron) home (n & adv) hurt (v)
he (pron) herself (pron) homework (n) husband (n)
head (n) hey (exclam) honey (n)
I
I (pron) immediately (adv) insect (n) invitation (n)
ice (n) important (adj) inside (adv & prep) invite (v)
ice cream (n) improve (v) instead (adv) island (n)
ice skating (n) in (adv & prep) instructions (n pl) it (pron)
ID (n) include (v) instrument (n) IT (n)
ID card (n) including (prep) interested (adj) its (det)
75
A2
I
idea (n) indoor (adj) interesting (adj) itself (pron)
Vocabulary
identification (n) indoors (adv) international (adj)

if (conj) information (n) internet (n)
ill (adj) in front of (prep phr) into (prep)
J
jewellery (n) (Br Eng) (Am
jacket (n) journalist (n) jump (v)
Eng: jewelry)
jam (n) job (n) journey (n) jumper (n)
jazz (n) join (v) juice (n) just (adv)
K
kilogramme (kg) (n) (Br
keep (v) kiss (n & v) knife (n)
Eng) (Am Eng: kilogram)
kilometre (km) (n) (Br Eng)
key (n) kit (n) know (v)
(Am Eng: kilometer)
keyboard (n) kind (adj & n) kitchen (n)
kick (n & v) king (n) kite (n)
L
lake (n) left (adj, adv & n) lift (n) look for (phr v)
lamp (n) left-handed (adj) light (n & adj) look out (phr v)
language (n) leg (n) like (adv, prep & v) lorry (n)
laptop (computer) (n) lemon (n) line (n) lose (v)
large (adj) lemonade (n) lion (n) lost (adj)
last (adj & det) lend (v) list (n) lots / a lot (n)
late (adv & adj) less (adj, det & pron) listen (v) loud (adj)
litre (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:
later (adv) lesson (n) love (n & v)
liter)
latest (adj) let (v) little (adj) lovely (adj)
laugh (v) letter (n) live (v) low (adj)
lazy (adj) level (n) living room (n) luck (n)
learn (v) library (n) long (adj) lucky (adj)
least (adv) license (n) look (v) luggage (n)
leather (n & adj) lie down (phr v) look after (phr v) lunch (n)
leave (v) life (n) look at (phr v) lunchtime (n)
M
machine (n) meat (n) mirror (n) mouth (n)
mad (adj) mechanic (n) Miss (n) move (v)
movie (n) (Am Eng) (Br
magazine (n) medicine (n) miss (v)
Eng: film)
movie theater (n) (Am
mail (n) meet (v) missing (adj)
Eng) (Br Eng: cinema)
movie star (n) (Am Eng)
main course (n) meeting (n) mistake (n)
(Br Eng: film star)
make (v) melon (n) mix (v) MP3 player (n)
make-up (n) member (n) mobile (phone) (n) Mr (n)
man (n) memory (n) model (n) Mrs (n)
manager (n) menu (n) modern (adj) Ms (n)
mango (n) message (n) moment (n) much (adj, adv, det & pron)
metre (n) (Br Eng) (Am
many (det & pron) money (n) mug (n)
Eng: meter)
map (n) midday (n) monkey (n) mum (n)
mark (n) middle (n) month (n) museum (n)
market (n) midnight (n) monthly (adj & adv) mushroom (n)
76
A2
M
married (adj) might (mv) moon (n) music (n)
match (n) mile (n) more (adj, adv, det & pron) musical (adj)
Vocabulary
maths/mathematics (n) milk (n) morning (n) musician (n)
matter (n & v) million (n) most (adj, adv, det & pron) must (mv)
may (mv) mind (v) mother (n) my (det)
maybe (adv) mine (pron) motorbike (n) myself (pron)
me (pron) mineral water (n) motorway (n)
meal (n) minus (prep) mountain (n)
mean (v) minute (n) mouse (n)
N
name (n) neighbor (n) night (n) nose (n)
national (adj) net (n) no (adv, det & pron) not (adv)
nationality (n) never (adv) nobody (pron) note (n & v)
nature (n) new (adj) noise (n) notebook (n)
near (adv & prep) news (n) noisy (adj) nothing (pron)
nearly (adv) newspaper (n) noon (n) notice (n)
neck (n) next (adj & adv) no one (pron) now (adv)
necklace (n) next to (prep) normal (adj)
need (v) nice (adj) north (n, adj & adv)
O
occupation (n) oil (n) only (adv & adj) ours (pron)
o'clock (adv) OK/okay (exclam) open (adj & v) ourselves (pron)
of (prep) old (adj) opera (n) out (adv)
of course (not) (adv) omelette (n) opposite (prep) outdoors (adv)
off (adv) on (prep & adv) or (conj) out of (prep)
offer (n & v) once (adv) orange (adj & n) outside (prep & adv)
office (n) one (det & pron) order (n) over (prep & adv)
often (adv) onion (n) other (det & pron) own (adj)
oh (exclam) online (adj & adv) our (det)
P
pack (v) penny (n) plane (n) post office (n)
page (n) people (n pl) plant (n) potato (n)
pain (n) pepper (n) plastic (n & adj) pound (£) (n) money/weight
practice (n) (Br Eng) (Am
paint (v & n) per (prep) plate (n)
Eng: practise)
painter (n) perfect (adj) platform (n) practice (v)
painting (n) perfume (n) play (v & n) prefer (v)
pale (adj) perhaps (adv) player (n) prepare (v)
pair (n) person (n) playground (n) present (n)
paper (n & adj) pet (n) pleasant (adj) pretty (adj)
pardon (exclam) petrol (n) please (v & exclam) price (n)
parent (n) petrol station (n) pleased (adj) print (v)
park (n & v) pharmacy (n) plus (prep) printer (n)
parking lot (n) (Am Eng)
phone (v & n) p.m. (adv) prize (n)
(Br Eng: car park)
part (n) photograph (n) pocket (n) probably (adv)
partner (n) photographer (n) point (v) problem (n)
party (n) photography (n) police (n) program (n)
pass (v) physics (n) police car (n) programme (n)
passenger (n) piano (n) police officer (n) project (n)
77
A2
P
passport (n) pick up (phr v) police station (n) pull (v)
Vocabulary
past (prep) picnic (n) polite (adj) pupil (n)

pasta (n) picture (n) pool (n) purple (adj)
path (n) piece (n) poor (adj) purse (n)
pay (v) pillow (n) pop (n) push (v)
PC (personal computer) (n) pilot (n) popular (adj) put (v)
pear (n) pink (adj) possible (adj) put on (phr v)
pen (n) pity (n) possibly (adv) puzzle (n)
pence (n) pizza (n) post (v & n)
pencil (n) place (n) postcard (n)
pencil case (n) plan (n & v) poster (n)
Q
quarter (n) question (n) quickly (adv) quite (adv)
queen (n) quick (adj) quiet (adj) quiz (n)
R
rabbit (n) really (adv) rest (n & v) rock (n)
race (n & v) reason (n) restaurant (n) roof (n)
racket (n) receipt (n) return (n & v) room (n)
radio (n) receive (v) rice (n) round (adj)
railway (n) receptionist (n) rich (adj) roundabout (n)
rain (n & v) record (v) ride (n & v) rubber (n)
raincoat (n) red (adj) right (n, adj & adv) rugby (n)
rap (n) refrigerator (n) right hand (adj) ruler (n)
read (v) remember (v) ring (n) run (v)
reading (n) rent (v) river (n) runner (n)
ready (adj) repair (v) road (n) running (n
real (adj) repeat (v) roast (v & adj)
S
sad (adj) shorts (n pl) soccer (n) stomach ache (n)
safe (adj) should (mv) sock (n) stop (n & v)
sail (v) shout (v) sofa (n) store (n)
sailing (n) show (v & n) soft (adj) storm (n)
salad (n) shower (n) software (n) story (n)
sale (n) shut (v) some (det & pron) straight (adj & adv)
salt (n) sick (adj) somebody (pron) strange (adj)
same (adj & pron) side (n) someone (pron) street (n)
sandwich (n) sightseeing (n) something (pron) strong (adj)
sauce (n) sign (n) sometimes (adv) student (n)
sausage (n) silver (n & adj) somewhere (adv) studies (n pl)
save (v) simple (adj) son (n) study (v)
say (v) since (prep) song (n) subject (n)
scarf (n) sing (v) soon (adv) such (det)
school (n) singer (n) sorry (adj) suddenly (adv)
school child (n) singing (n) sort (n) sugar (n)
science (n) single (adj) sound (v) suit (n)
scissors (n pl) sink (n) soup (n) suitcase (n)
scooter (n) sister (n) south (n, adj & adv) summer (n)
screen (n) sit (v) space (n) sun (n)
sea (n) sit down (phr v) spare (adj) sunglasses (n pl)
seat (n) site (n) speak (v) sunny (adj)
78
A2
S
second (adj, det & n) sitting room (n) speaker (n) supermarket (n)
Vocabulary
secretary (n) size (n) special (adj) supper (n)
see (v) skate (v) spell (v) suppose (v)
sell (v) skateboard (n) spelling (n) sure (adj)
send (v) skateboarding (n) spend (v) surf (v)
sentence (n) skating (n) spoon (n) surfboard (n)
serve (v) ski (v) sport (n) surfing (n)
set (n) skiing (n) sports centre (n) surname (n)
several (det & pron) skirt (n) spring (n) surprise (n)
shall (mv) sky (n) square (n & adj) surprised (adj)
shame (n) sleep (v) stadium (n) sweater (n)
shampoo (n & v) slice (n) staff (n) sweet (n & adj)
share (v) slim (adj) stage (n) swim (v)
she (pron) slow (adj) stairs (n pl) swimming (n)
sheep (n) slowly (adv) stamp (n) swimming suit (n) (Br Eng)
sheet (n) small (adj) stand (v) (Am Eng: bathing suit)
shelf (n) smoke (v) star (n & v) swimming pool (n)
ship (n) smoking (n) start (v) swimsuit (n)
shirt (n) snack (n) station (n)
shoe (n) snow (n & v) stay (v)
shop (n & v) snowboard (n) steak (n)
shop assistant (n) snowboarding (n) steal (v)
shopping (n) so (conj & adv) still (adv)
short (adj) soap (n) stomach (n)
T
tourist information centre
table (n) thank (v) tidy up (v)
(n)
table tennis (n) thanks (exclam) tie (n) towel (n)
take (v) thank you (exclam) tiger (n) town (n)
take off (phr v) that (conj & pron) tights (n pl) toy (n)
talk (n & v) the (det) till (prep) traffic (n)
theatre (n) (Br Eng) (Am
tall (adj) time (n) traffic light (n)
Eng: theater)
taxi (n) their (det) timetable (n) train (n)
tea (n) theirs (pron) tired (adj) trainer (n)
teach (v) them (pron) to (prep) tram (n)
teacher (n) themselves (pron) toast (n) travel (v)
team (n) then (adv) today (n & adv) tree (n)
teenager (n) there (adv) toe (n) trip (n)
telephone (n & v) these (det & pron) together (adv) trouble (n)
television (TV) (n) they (pron) toilet (n) trousers (n pl)
tell (v) thin (adj) tomato (n) true (adj)
temperature (n) thing (n) tomorrow (n & adv) try (v)
tennis (n) think (v) tonight (n & adv) try on (phr v)
tent (n) thirsty (adj) too (adv) T-shirt (n)
term (n) this (det & pron) tooth (n) turn (v)
terrible (adj) those (det & pron) toothbrush (n) turn off (phr v)
test (n) through (prep) top (n) turn on (phr v)
text (n & v) throw (v) total (adj & n) twice (adv)
textbook (n) thunderstorm (n) tour (n) type (n)
79
A2
T
text message (n) ticket (n) tour guide (n) tyre (n) (Am Eng: tire)
Vocabulary
than (prep & conj) tidy (adj & v) tourist (n)

U
umbrella (n) unfortunately (adj) unusual (adj) use (v)
uncle (n) unhappy (n) up (prep & adv) useful (adj)
under (prep) uniform (n) upset (adj) usual (adj)
underground (n & adj) university (n) upstairs (adv) usually (adv)
understand (v) until (prep) us (pron)
V
versus (prep) very (adv) village (n) vocabulary (n)
variety (n) video (n) violin (n) volleyball (n)
various (adj) video game (n) visit (v)
vegetable (n) view (n) visitor (n)
W
wait (v) weather (n) who (pron) wooden (adj)
waiter (n) web (n) whole (adj & n) wool (n)
waitress (n) web page (n) why (adv) word (n)

wake (v) website (n) wide (adj) work (n & v)
wake up (phr v) week (n) wife (n) worker (n)
walk (v) weekday (n) wild (adj) world (n)
walking (n) weekend (n) will ('ll) (mv) worried (adj)
wall (n) weekly (adj & adv) win (v) worry (v)
wallet (n) welcome (adj & exclam) wind (n) worse (adj)
want (v) well (adv & adj) window (n) worst (adj)
warm (adj) well known (adj) windsurfing (n) would (mv)
wash (v) west (n, adj & adv) windy (adj) wow (exclam)
washing machine (n) wet (adj) winner (n) write (v)
washing-up (phr v) what (det & pron) winter (n) write down (phr v)
wash up (phr v) wheel (n) wish (n) writer (n)
watch (n & v) when (adv) with (prep) writing (n)
water (n) where (adv) without (prep) wrong (adj)
way (n) which (det & pron) woman (n)
we (pron) while (conj) wonderful (adj)
wear (v) white (adj) wood (n)
X-Y-Z
yeah (exclam) yellow (adj) yoghurt (n) yourself (pron)
yesterday (adv) yes (adv) you (pron) yours (pron)
year (n) yet (adv) young (adj) zero (n)
80
A2
Vocabulary
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
Learn English by using it
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SECOND EDITION
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
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communication for students from beginner to intermediate level based on CEFR standards.
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talking time (STT) techniques. Students are empowered and rapidly gain the necessary
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2

Could you do me a favor?

A2 L2 • Simple past tense.

Verbs #3 • Essential verbs.

A2 L3 • Parts of the body.

Verbs #5 • Essential verbs.

The most romantic movie • Superlative form.

People, places and things • Affirmative, negative, question form.

Vocabulary #14 • Vocabulary from P to S.

A2 L12 • Relative pronouns.

A2 L13 • Infinitive Vs. gerunds.

Flying doesn’t worry me • What are gerunds?

A2 L14 • Present perfect tense.

• Ever and never.

A2 L15 • Present perfect tense.

A2 L16 • Most Vs. Most of.

A2 L17 • Time conjunctions.

A2 L18 • Reported speech.

A2 L20 • Past perfect tense.

Could you please help me? give me a hand

A. Could you do me a favor?

Well and Badly

A. I wish I could draw, can you?

Could you please wash the dishes?

 The negative form is “can’t” or “cannot” (more formal)

 “Can” and “can’t” are always followed by a verb in the infinitive.

You want the You want to use You want the TV

You want the You want to use

Could / Can you / May I..? Could / Can I ..?

You want your teacher You want to drink

Tell the story of Rose Smith`s life. Talk about the

May 20, 2010

B: Here, in New York.

Rose was born in 1990, she grew up in _________________________

Affirmative form Negative form Question form

Verb base Past Past

A: Hey Dave, what happened?

Fill in the blanks.

What are you doing on

I’m going to a class at

Make a date Replies Reason

Make sentences in present progressive.

Put the verbs in the present progressive tense.

Verb base Past Past

I don’t have enough energy to work.

She isn’t old enough to vote.

Complete the sentences with: too much / too many / too /

 We use the modal verb “Can” to express

The simple past tense

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Question Did you like the new movie?

Wh - What did you do in your free time?

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TO EXPRESS FUTURE

I’m better at English

Write the comparative form

• Energetic _______________ __________________________________________________

COMPARATIVE FORM + THAN

Complete the crossword with the correct comparatives 2.– intelligent

Check the adjectives below and

Old ________________ _______________ 7. Negative Old-fashioned

modern the most modern good the best

Answer the questions in full form.

Tiger Sheep Chicken Fish Hippo Horse

• Energetic _ ____________________________________

Old __ _ 7. Negative Old-fashioned