Solutions Manual to Accompany THEORY OF GROUND VEHICLES Fourth Edition J. Y. Wong A Wiley-Interscience Publication John Wiley & Sons, Inc.To the Instructor This manual provides solutions to all problems contained in the book, Theory of Ground Vehicles, Fourth Edition. Each solution is presented in such a manner that it can be posted for student use. It is hoped that this manual will prove useful to your teaching. Ottawa, Canada Jo Yung WongChapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Table of Contents fe eee 34 37 42Ld 12 Chapter 1 Compare the power required to overcome the rolling resistance of a passenger car weighing 15.57 KN (3500 Ib) and having radial-ply tires with that of the same vehicle, but having bias-ply tires in the speed range 40-100 km/h (25-62 mph). The variations of the coefficient of rolling resistance of the radial-ply and bias-ply passenger car tires with speed are described by Eqs. 1.1 and 1.2, respectively. Solution, From Eq. 1.1, the coefficient of rolling resistance f; for a radial-ply, passenger car tire is expressed by SF, =0.0136+0.40x107 V? and from Eq, 1.2 the coefficient of rolling resistance f; for a bias-ply, passenger car tire is given by Sf) =0.0169+0.19 10°F? where Vis speed of the tire in km/h, ‘The rolling resistance of the car Ry is the product of the vehicle weight W and the coefficient of rolling resistance f, RaW ‘A comparison between the rolling resistance of the car with radial-ply tires and that with bias-ply tires is given in the following table. Speed |__ Radial-ply Tires Bias-ply Tires RR, knvh if R,, KN 7 RN e 40 | 0.013664 | 0.2127 | 0.017204 | 0.2679 | 79.4% 30 | 0.013700 | 0.2133 | 0.017375 | 0.2705 | 78.9% 60 | 0.013744 | 0.2140 | 0.017584 | 0.2738 | 78.2% 70 | 0.013796 | 0.2148 | 0.017831 | 0.2776 | 77.4% 80 | 0.013856 | 0.2157 | 0.018116 | 0.2821 | 76.5% 90 | 0.013924 | 0.2168 | 0.018439 | 0.2871 | 75.5% 100 | 0.014000 | _0.2180_| 0.018800 | 0.2927 | 74.5% A truck tire with vertical load of 24.78 kN (5570 Ib) travels on a dry concrete pavement with a peak value of coefficient of road adhesion #1, = 0.80. The longitudinal stiffness of the tire during braking C, is 224.64 KN/unit skid (55,000 Ib/unit skid). Using the simplified theory described in Section 1.3, plot the relationship between the braking force and the skid of the tire up to skid i, Solution. The critical skid #,,, at which sliding between the tread and the ground begins, is given by Eq. 1.34. For 4, = 0.8, W'=24.78 KN, and C, = 224.64 KN/unit skid. Fa ea 0.8x24.78 = 2C,+HW ~ 2x224.64+0.8x24.78 4.23%13 14 4 Ci, When i,,F, =, The results are given in the following table and in Fig. P1.2, in9 [Fy RN, 0 0 1 2.246 2 4.493 4 8.986 8 14.794 12 16.617 16 | 17.528 20 18.075 Using the simplified theory described in Section 1.4.4, determine the relationship between the cornering force and the slip angle in the range 0-16° of the truck tire described in Problem 1.2. The cornering stiffness of the tire C, is 132.53 kN/rad (520 Ib/deg). Assume that there is no braking torque applied to the tire. Solution. Fory, = 0.8, 17= 24.78 kN, and C, i, can be determined using Eq. 1.60. 0.8% 24.78 2132.53 = 132.53 kN/rad, the critical slip angle = 0.0748 rad = 4.29° \. ‘The results are at) When a a,, Fe =i given in the following table. a | Fu kN 1 2.313 2 4.626 4 9.252 8 14.514 12 | 16.284 16_| 17.169 Determine the available comering force of the truck tire described in Problems 1.2 and 1.3 as a function of longitudinal skid at a slip angle of 4°, using the simplified theory described in Section 1.4.4. Plot the comering force of the tire at a slip angle of 4° versus skid in the range of 0-40%. The coefficient of road adhesion is 0.8.