HETC[EO TNOGEA^H^EO

VHN (VPVWNM@F H^T^V N[@WNMEWCV^V)

CHNA 9

JE[@OE F@W[E MEOG@WAE

450.4;.4076

T[CB[EM VW^G@ T[CLNV@ ON[V

VNJCHEA W@OBB@ @HM^ JNVNAEWEO (VW@JNV) MEWE[EM

;450
 

HETC[EO TNOGEA^H^EO
VHN (VPVWNM@F H^T^V N[@WNMEWCV^V)

E.  GNL@O@V@
VHN (V`stnm`f Hupus Nrytanmetcsus) egehea suetu pnoyej`t eutc `muo yeob
jrco`j geo mnoynreob knrkebe` systnm gehem tukua. Weoge geo bniehe pnoyej`t `o`
gepet knrmefem-mefem, gepet knrs`let snmnotere, geo suh`t uotuj g`g`ebocs`s. Jernoe
`tu eobje yeob pest` tnoteob iumhea creob yeob tnrsnreob chna pnoyej`t `o` suh`t uotuj
g`pnrchna. (Tr`fn E. Vyhv`e, ;44<)
VHN (V`stnm`f Hupus Nrytanmetcsus) mnrupejeo pnoyej`t regeob eteu `olhemes`
muht`systnm yeob g`snkekjeo chna keoyej lejtcr geo g`jerejtnr`ses` chna egeoye
beobbueo g`srnbuhes` s`stnm `muo knrupe pno`objeteo s`stnm `muo geo prcgujs`
eutceot`kcg` yeob knrhnk`aeo. (Ehker, ;446)
VHN eteu HNV (Hupus Nr`tnmetcs V`stnm`j) egehea pnoyej`t eutc`muo yeob
mnh`ketjeo knrkebe` crbeo gnobeo meo`lnstes` jh`o`s knrver`es` ger` yeob r`obeo sempe`
 knret. Tege jnegeeo eweh, snr`ob snjeh` sujer g`jnoeh snkebe` HNV, jernoe
meo`lnstes`oye snr`ob t`gej tnrieg` knrsemeeo. (Meosicnr Er`l, ;445)
Knrgeserjeo gnl`o`s` g`etes, gepet g`s`mpuhjeo keawe VHN (Vystnm`f Hupus
Nr`tnmetcsus) egehea suetu pnoyej`t eutc`muo yeob mnoynreob knrkebe` systnm tukua
yeob mnoynkekjeo jnhe`oeo pege juh`t mnoeauo yeob g`teoge` gnobeo pnregeobeo geo
 pnmkntujeo ier`obeo perut. VHN (Vystnm`f Hupus Nr`tnmetcsus) mnrupejeo pnoyej`t
s`stnm geye teaeo, eteu pnoyej`t eutc `muo, g`meoe tukua mnmknotuj eot`kcg` yeob
sehea erea, mnrusej crbeo tukua snog`r`, snpnrt` b`oieh, aet`, snog`, snh gerea mnrea,
hnujcs`t, eteu trcmkcs`t.

K.  NW@CHCB@

 Tnoyej`t   VHN tnrieg` ej`ket tnrbeobbuoye rnbuhes` jnjnkeheo yeob mnoynkekjeo

 pno`ob
 pno`objet
jeteo
eo eutceot
eutceot`kc
`kcgy
gy yeob
yeob knrhnk`ae
knrhnk`aeo.
o. Beobbu
Beobbueo
eo `muocrn
`muocrnbu
buhes`
hes` `o` g`t`mkuhjeo chna
jcmk`oes` eotere lejtcr-lejtcr bnont`j, acrmcoeh (snkebe`meoe tnrkujt` chna ew`teo
 pnoyej`t yeob k`eseoye tnrieg` snheme us`e rnprcgujt`l) geo h`objuobeo (feaeye
meteaer`, huje kejer tnrmeh).

Vempe` seet `o` pnoynkek VHN knhum g`jnteau`. G`gube lejtcr bnont`j, `olnjs`
geo h`objuobeo `jut knrpnreo pege petcl`s`chcb` VHN. V`stnm `muo tukua jna`heobeo
 

jnmempueo uotuj mnmkngejeo eot`bno ger` snh geo ier`obeo tukua snog`r`.
Tnoy`mpeobeo rnejs` `muochcb` `o` ejeo mnobaes`hjeo eot`kcg` snfere tnrus mnonrus.
Eot`kcg` `o` iube knrpnreo gehem pnmknotujeo jcmphnjs `muo sna`obbe mnofntusjeo
 pnoyej`t `olhemes` `muo s`stnm`j gnobeo jnrusejjeo muht`crbeo.
Gehem jnegeeo ocrmeh, s`stnm jnjnkeheo knrluobs` mnobnogeh`jeo pnrteaeoeo

tukua gehem mnheweo `olnjs`. Tege hupus geo pnoyej`t eutc`muo he`ooye, s`stnm
 pnrteaeoeo tukua `o` knrkeh`j mnheweo tukua, g`meoe eot`kcg`
eot`kcg`   yeob g`aes`hjeo
mnoynreob snh tukuaoye snog`r`. Eot`kcg` `o` mnoynreob snh gerea, crbeo geo ier`obeo
tukua, sna`obbe tnrieg` pnoyej`t mnoeauo.
Mnjeo`smn meupuo pnoynkek ger` pnoyej`t eutc`muo `o` knhum snpnouaoye
g`mnobnrt` tntep` g`gube mnh`ketjeo lejtcr h`objuobeo geo jnturuoeo. Knknrepe lejtcr
h`objuobeo yeob gepet mnm`fu t`mkuhoye hupus9
Lejtcr [ns`jc tnrieg`oye VHN
5.  Lejtcr Bnont`j

e.  Ino`s jnhem`o, lrnjunos` pege weo`te gnwese 1 jeh` hnk`a snr`ob ger`pege pr`e
gnwese
 k.  ^mur, k`eseoye hnk`a snr`ob tnrieg` pege us`e ;4-74 teauo
f.  Nto`j, Lejtcr jnturuoeo, gnobeo Lrnjunos` ;4 jeh` hnk`a snr`ob gehem jnhuerbe
yeob tnrgepet eobbcte gnobeo pnoyej`t tnrsnkut
;.  Lejtcr [ns`jc Acrmco
Acrmco nstrcbno mnoemkea rns`jc VHN, sngeobjeo eogrcbno mnobureob`
rns`jc `o`. Vna`obbe pnoyej`t `o` hnk`a keoyej tnrieg` pege weo`te yeob weheupuo
 iube k`se g`gnr`te chna pr`e.

6.  V`oer ^\
V`oer ^\ mnobureob` suprns` `muo sna`obbe tnrep` mnoieg` jureob nlnjt`l,
sna`obbe VHN jemkua eteu knrtemkea knret. @o` g`snkekjeo snh juh`t mnobnhuerjeo
s`tcj`o geo prcstebheog`o sna`obbe tnrieg` `olhemes` g` tnmpet tnrsnkut meupuo
snfere s`stnm`j mnhehu` pnrngereo pnkuhua gerea.
7.  @muo`tes
Tege pes`no VHN, tnrgepet a`pnrejt`v`tes snh K eteu `otchnreos` tnraegep snh W.
>.  Cket
Cket tnrtnotu gehem prnsnotesn jnf`h snjeh` pege pes`no tnrtnotu geo g`m`oum

gehem ieobje wejtu tnrtnotu gepet mnofntusjeo hupus cket (Grub @ogufng Hupus
Nrytanmetcsus eteu G@HN).
 

Ino`s cket yeob gepet mnoynkekjeo Hupus Cket egehea 9

Cket yeob pest` mnoynkekjeo Hupus cket 9 Jhcrcprcmez`o, mnt`hgcpe, a`grehes`o,
 prcje`oem`g, geo `sco`ez`g
Cket yeob muobj`o mnoynkekjeo Hupus cket 9 g`heot`o, pno`s`hem`o, geo
ju`o`g`o

Aukuobeooye knhum inhes 9 berem nmes, knknrepe ino`s eot`k`ct`f geo

br`snclurv`o
<.  @olnjs`
Tes`no VHN fnognruob mugea mnogepet `olnjs` geo jegeob-jegeob pnoyej`t
`o` jemkua sntnhea `olnjs`.
2.  Vtrns
Vtrns knret gepet mnofntusjeo VHN pege pes`no yeob sugea mnm`h`j`
jnfnogruobeo ejeo pnoyej`t `o`.

F.  JHEV@L@JEV@
Tnoyej`t Hupus gepet g`jhes`l`jes`jeo mnoieg` 6 mefem ye`tu g`sfc`g hupus,
systnm`f hupus nrytanmetcsus, geo hupus yeob g``ogujs` chna cket.  
5.  G`sfc`g Hupus
Hns` knrknotuj h`objereo eteu fejrem geo g`teoge` chna ketes nr`tnme yeob
mno`obb`, sjueme, sumketeo lch`juhnr, geo tnheob`njtes`e. Hns` `o` t`mkuh g` juh`t
jnpehe, tnh`obe, weiea, hnobeo, puobbuob, geo gege. Tnoyej`t `o` gepet mno`mkuhjeo
jnfefeteo jernoe hns` `o` mnmpnrh`aetjeo etrcl` geo ier`obeo perut g` keb`eo
tnobeaoye snrte a`heoboye epnog`js juh`t snfere mnontep (Aeao, ;44>).

;.  Vystnm`f Hupus Nrytanmetcsus

VHN mnrupejeo pnoyej`t regeob eteu `olhemes` muht`s`stnm yeob g`snkekjeo
chna keoyej lejtcr (@snoknrb eog Acrslehh,5001) geo g`jerejtnr`ses` chna egeoye
beobbueo g`srnbuhes` s`stnm `muo knrupe pno`objeteo s`stnm `muo geo prcgujs`
eutceot`kcg` yeob knrhnk`aeo (Ehker, ;446). Wnrknotujoye eutceot`kcg` tnraegep
gsGOE, knrkebe` mefem r`kcoujhncprctn`o `otresnhuhnr, snh-snh gerea, geo lcslch`p`g
gepet mnoynkekjeo jnrusejeo ier`obeo (Ehker, ;446) mnhehu` mnjeo`mn
 pnobejt`veo jcmphnmno (Npstn`o, 5001).
5001).
6.  Hupus yeob g``ogujs` chna cket

Hupus yeob g`snkekjeo chna `ogujs` cket tnrtnotu jaususoye pege esnt`hetcr
hemket yeob mnmpuoye` bno AHE G[-7 mnoynkekjeo esnt`hes` cket mnoieg`
 

hemket, cket keoyej tnrejumuhes` g` tukua sna`obbe mnmknr`jeo jnsnmpeteo cket

uotuj knr`jeteo gnobeo prctn`o tukua. Aeh `o` g`rnspco snkebe` knoge es`ob chna
tukua sna`obbe tukua mnmknotuj jcmphnjs eot`kcg` eot`oujhner (EOE) uotuj
mnoynreob knoge es`ob tnrsnkut (Anrl`ogeh nt eh., ;444).

G.  TEWCL@V@CHCB@@ GEO TEWAREP

TEWCL@V@CHCB

Tnoyej`t VHN tnrieg` ej`ket tnrbeobbuoye rnbuhes` jnjnkeheo yeob mnoynkekjeo

 pno`objeteo eutc`muo yeob knrhnk`aeo.
knrh nk`aeo. Beobbueo `muocrnbuhes` `o` g`t`mkuhjeo chna
jcmk`oes` eotere lejtcr-lejtcr bnont`j, acrmcoeh (snkebe`meoe tnrkujt` chna ew`teo
 pnoyej`t yeob k`eseoye tnrieg` snheme us`e rnprcgujt`l) geo h`objuobeo (feaeye
meteaer`, huje kejer tnrmeh). Cket-cket tnrtnotu snpnrt` a`grehez`o, prcje`oem`g,
`sco`ez`g, jhcrprcmez`o geo knknrepe prnperet eot`jcovuhseo g` semp`ob mejeoeo
snpnrt` jnfemkea ehlehle turut tnrh`ket gehem pnoyej`t VHN - ej`ket snoyewe j`m`e eteu
cket-cketeo.
Tetcl`chcb` pnoyej`t VHN g`a`pctns`sjeo snkebe` knr`jut9 egeoye setu eteu
 knknrepe lejtcr pnm`fu yeob tnpet pege `og`v`gu yeob mnmpuoye` prng`spcs`s` bnont`j
ejeo mnobaes`hjeo tnoebe pnogcrcob ekocrmeh tnraegep snh WFG 7+, mnobej`ketjeo
a`heoboye tchnreos` snh W tnraegep snh-eot`bno.
snh-eot` bno.
Vnkebe` ej`ketoye muofuhea snh W eutcrnejt`l yeob ejeo mnoynkekjeo `ogujs`
snrte njspeos` snh K, ke`j yeob mnmprcgujs` eutceot`kcg` meupuo yeob knrupe snh
mnmcr`. ^iug pnm`fu `o` mes`a knhum inhes. Vnkeb`eo ger` yeob g`gube tnrmesuj
g`gehemoye `ehea acrmcon snjs, s`oer uhtrev`chnt geo knrkebe` mefem `olnjs`.
Tege VHN, eutceot`kcg` yeob tnrknotuj g`tuiujeo tnraegep eot`bno yeob tnruteme
tnrhntej pege oujhncphesme. Eot`bno sesereo `o` mnh`put` GOE, prctn`o a`stcogeo oco
a`stco. Jnkeoyejeo g`eotereoye gehem jnegeeo ehem`ea tnrgepet gehem knotuj ebrnbet
 prctn`o geo eteu jcmphnjs prctn`o [OE yeob g`snkut pert`jnh r`kkcoujhncprctn`o
([OE). F`r` jaes eutceot`bno `o` `ehea keawe mnrnje t`gej t`ssun-spns`l`f geo
mnrupejeo jcmpcono `otnbreh snmue ino`s snh. Eot`kcg` `o` snfere knrseme-seme
g`snkut EOE (eot`-oufhner eot`kcgy). Gnobeo eot`bnooye yeob spns`l`j, EOE
mnmknotuj jcmphnjs `muo yeob knrnger gehem s`rjuhes`. Wnhea g`tuoiujjeo keawe
 pnoeobeoeo jcmphnjs `muo pege VHN tnrbeobbu. Gepet knrupe beobbueo jh`rnos
jcmphnjs `muo knser yeob herut, beobbueo pnmprcsnseo jcmphnjs `muo gehem aet`,
geo pnouruo.
 

^ptejn jcmphnjs `muo pege h`mpe. Beobbueo-beobbueo `o` mnmuobj`ojeo

tnrknotujoye gnpcs`t jcmphnjs `muo g` huer systnm lebcs`t mcocoujhner. Jcmphnjs
`muo `o` ejeo mnobnogep pege knrkebe` mefem crbeo gnobeo ej`ket tnrieg`oye l`jses`
jcmphnmno pege crbeo tnrsnkut. Tnr`st`we `o` mnoynkekjeo ejt`ves` jcmphnmno yeob
mnobaes`hjeo suksteos` pnoynkek t`mkuhoye rnejs` regeob. [nejs` regeob `o`hea yeob

mnoynkekjeo t`mkuhoye jnhuaeo/ bniehe pege crbeo eteu tnmpet yeob knrseobjuteo
snpnrt` b`oieh, snog`, phnure, phnjsus jcrc`gnus, juh`t geo snkebe`oye. Keb`eo yeob
 pnot`ob gehem petcl`s`chcb` `o` `ehea tnrbeobbuoye mnjeo`smn rnbuhes` yeob gehem
jnegeeo ocrmeh mnofnbea eutc`muo`tes petchcb`s pege `og`v`gu yeob rns`stn
 

TEWAREP H`objuobeo (feaeye meteaer`, Cket-cketeo (a`grehez`o, prcje`oem`g,

Bnont`j huje kejer `otnroeh) `sco`ez`g, jhcrprcmez`o)

V`stnm rnbuhes` jnjnkeheo tukua tnrbeobbu

Mnobejt`ves` snh W geo snh K

Luobs` snh W ‖ 

W ‖  Vuprnsscr
 Vuprnsscr ekocrmeh

Tno`objeteo prcgujs` eutceot`kcg`

Tnoumpujeo Jcmphnjs @muo Jnrusejeo Ier`obeo

Musjuhcsjnhnteh @ot
otnn umno
umno Ferg`ef [nsp`res` \esjuhnr Anmetc Verel Tes`no t`gej lem`h`er
  gnobeo prcsns
Tnmknobjejeo Egeoye hns` Tnr`jerg`t`s Thnur`t`s @olhemes` Jnbebeheo Beobbueo
snog` ejut pege juh`t  pege sumsum tuheob spnjtrum pege
ertnr`chn Tes`no t`gej
(ruem Tnoumpujeo mnmknotujsnh serel mnhues
Tnoumpujeo mnob`jut`
 knrknotuj fe`reo pege tnrm`oeh`s gerea mnrea
  Ertherb`e

jupu-jupu)
fe`reo nlus`
 phnure 
 pnr`otea
  Ertar`t`s

 pege Trcsns
 peobjeh a`guob onurchcb`s
(s`ocv`t`s)  pnr`jerg`um Hns` pepuhnr, Wukua Tes`no t`gej
geo p`p` Nlus` phnure tnrbeobbu
   Oynr`
 tnjeo Nr`tnmetcus mnobehem` mnobnteau`
geo rese oynr` geo purpure jnjureobeo snh
Tnonkeheo
Njspeos`  pnoyej`toye 
jnt`je Mnrese g`uiuob jej`, gerea mnrea Gnprns`
 pnr`jerg`um
 knrbnrej mehu gege t`gej tum`t, geo s`ju
gnobeo egnjuet Jureob
Jcotrejs` Eonm`e
Oynr` Ejut jcog`s`oye  ieotuob Jnrusejeo Eonm`e Tnobnteaueo
Tche Oepes @otnbr`tes Juh`t
Beobbueo F`tre W`gej Nlnjt`l Jnhnt`aeo
Wukua Tnouruoeo
Furea Ieotuob

N.  WEOGE GEO BNIEHE

Meo`lnstes` jh`o`j snfere umum yeob snr`ob t`mkuh pege pes`no VHN egehea rese
hnhea, mehe`sn, gnmem, pnouruoeo oelsu mejeo, geo pnouruoeo knret kegeo (Aeao,
;44>).
Weoge eteu bniehe he`ooye ger` VHN tnhea g`oyetejeo chna ‘Emnr`feo Fchhnbn cl
[anumetchcby” ye`tu 55 jr`tnr`e uotuj jhes`l`jes` VHN. Jnsnknhes jr`tnr`e tnrsnkut
eotere he`o9
5.  [uem meher
;.  [uem g`sfc`g

6.  Lctcsnos`t`v`tes (snos`t`v`tes pege feaeye)

7.  ^hsnres` (snmefem huje) g` muhut eteu oescler`ob
>.  Ertr`t`s
<.  Vnrcs`t`s (regeob mnmkreo snrcse), ye`tu phnur`t`s (regeob phnure) eteu pnr`jerg`t`s
(regeob pnr`jerg`um)
2.  Jnhe`oeo b`oieh, ye`tu prctn`our`e (egeoye prctn`o pege ur`o) pnrs`stno ?4.> br/aer`
1.  Jnhe`oeo onurchcb`j, ye`tu jnieob-jnieob
 0.  Jnhe`oeo anmetchcb`j, ye`tu eonm`e anmch`t`j eteu hnufcpno`e
54.  Jnhe`oeo `muochcb`j, ye`tu g`tnmujeo egeoye snh HN pcs`t`l eteu eot` GOE pcs`t`l

55.  Egeoye eot`kcg` eot`oujhner.

Vnhe`o `tu, bniehe eteu teoge he`ooye yeob snr`ob g`tnmujeo eotere he`o9
h e`o9
 Ctct geo jnreobje tukua
Aemp`r snmue pnognr`te hupus mnobehem` oynr` pnrsnog`eo geo jnkeoyejeo
mnognr`te ertr`t`s. Tnrsnog`eo yeob snr`ob tnrjnoe egehea pnrsnog`eo pege ier`
teobeo, teobeo, pnrbnheobeo teobeo geo hutut. Jnmet`eo ier`obeo pege tuheob
 peobbuh geo keau snr`ob mnrupejeo pnoynkek
pno ynkek ger`
ger ` oynr` g` genrea tnrsnkut. Bniehe
he`ooye egehea etrehb`e, geo m`ehb`e umumoye t`mkuh mnogeauhu`
mnogeauhu` bniehe yeob
yeob he`o.
Peob peh`ob snr`ob tnrjnoe egehea snog` `otnrleheobneh prcjs`meh g``jut` chna hutut,

 pnrbnheobeo teobeo, mntejerpcleheobneh, s`ju, geo pnrbnheobeo

pnrbnheobeo jej`
 Juh`t

Tege >4% pnognr`te g`tnmujeo ruem jupu-jupu pege tuheob p`p` geo peobjeh
a`guob. [uem `o` k`eseoye ejeo snmej`o mnmkuruj i`je tnrjnoe s`oer meteaer`.
[uem yeob hnk`a tnrsnker k`se t`mkuh g` keb`eo tukua he`o yeob tnrpeper chna s`oer
meteaer`.

 B`oieh

Vnkeb`eo knser pnognr`te mnouoiujjeo egeoye pno`mkuoeo prctn`o g` gehem

snh-snh b`oieh, tntep` aeoye >4% yeob mnognr`te onlr`t`s hupus (pnregeobeo b`oieh
yeob mnontep). Tege eja`roye k`se tnrieg` bebeh b`oieh sna`obbe pnognr`te pnrhu
mnoieheo` g`eh`se eteu pnofeobjcjjeo b`oieh.
 V`stnm serel
Jnhe`oeo serel g`tnmujeo pege ;>% pnognr`te hupus. Peob peh`ob snr`ob
g`tnmujeo egehea g`sluobs` mnoteh yeob s`letoye r`obeo, tntep` jnhe`oeo k`se tnrieg`
 pege keb`eo meoepuo ger` ctej, jcrge sp`oeh`s meupuo s`stnm serel. Jnieob,
 ps`jcse, s`ogrcme ctej crbeo`j geo sej`t jnpehe mnrupejeo knknrepe jnhe`oeo
s`stnm serel yeob k`se tnrieg`.
 Gerea

Jnhe`oeo gerea k`se g`tnmujeo pege 1>% pnognr`te hupus. K`se tnrknotuj
 knjueo gerea g` gehem vnoe meupuo ertnr`, yeob k`se mnoynkekjeo strcjn geo
nmkch` peru. Iumhea trcmkcs`t knrjureob geo tukua mnmknotuj eot`kcg` yeob
mnheweo lejtcr pnmknjueo gerea, yeob k`se mnoynkekjeo pnrgereaeo yeob knrert`.
 Vnr`objeh` tnrieg` eonm`e ej`ket pnoyej`t mnoeauo.
 Ieotuob

Tnregeobeo knrkebe` keb`eo ieotuob k`se tnrieg`, snpnrt` pnr`jerg`t`s,

nogcjerg`t`s meupuo m`cjerg`t`s. Oynr` gege geo er`tm`e k`se tnrieg` snkebe` ej`ket
ger` jnegeeo tnrsnkut.
 Teru-peru

Tege hupus k`se tnrieg` phnur`t`s (pnregeobeo snheput peru) geo nlus` phnure
(pno`mkuoeo fe`reo eotere peru geo pnmkuobjusoye). Ej`ket ger` jnegeeo tnrsnkut
snr`ob t`mkuh oynr` gege geo snsej oeles.

L.  TNMN[@JVEEO
TNMN[@JVEEO TNO^OIEOB
^otuj mnobnteau` pes`no VHN gepet g`hejujeo pnmnr`jseeo pnouoieob geo g`ebocst`f
 knr`jut9
5.  Tnmnr`jseeo eot`-oufhner eot`kcg` (EOE)
Tnmnr`jseeo uotuj mnonotujeo epejea eutc eot`kcg` tnraegep `ot` snh snr`ob
muofuh g` gehem gerea.

;.  Tnmnr`jseeo eot` gs GOE (Eot` gcukhn streogng GOE)

^otuj mnonotujeo epejea pes`no mnm`h`j` eot`kcg` tnraegep metnr` bnont`j g`
gehemsnh.
6.  Tnmnr`jseeo eot`-Vm eot`kcgy
^otuj mnonotujeo epejea ege eot`kcg` tnraegep Vm (prctn`o yeob g`tnmujeo
gehem snh prc`o `ot`)
7.  Tnmnr`jseeo uotuj mnogntnjs` jnknregeeo `mmuon fcmphnxns (jnjnkeheo ) g`
gehem gerea.
>.  Tnmnr`jseeo uotuj mnobui` t`objet tcteh ger` snrum fcmphnmnot (jnhcmpcj prctn`o
yeob gepet tnrieg` pege rnejs` jnjnkeheo)
<.  Tnmnr`jseeo snh HN (HN fnhh prnp)
2.  Tnmnr`jseeo gerea uotuj mnofer` jnknregeeo ino`s snh tnrtnotu yeob g`pnoberua`
mnmknseroye eot`kcg` tnraegep hep`seo `ot` snh he`o. Tnmnr`jseeo `o` iereob
g`buoejeo i`je g`keog`objeo gnobeo pnmnr`jsee EOE, jernoe pnmnr`jseeo EOE
hnk`a pnje uotuj mnogntnjs` pnoyej`t hupus g`keog`objeo gnobeo HN fnhh prnp.
1.  Tnmnr`jseeo gerea hnobjep, hnujcs`t, tarcmkcs`t
 0.  ^r`on [ut`o
54.  Eot`kcg` Eot`pacspach`p`g
55.  K`cpsy Juh`tK`cpsy B`oieh

B.  TNOEWEHEJVEOEEO
^otuj pnoetehejseoeeo, pes`no VHN g`keb` mnoieg`9
5.  Jnhcmpcj [`obeo 
Bniehe 9 Teoes, ertr`t`s, pnr`jerg`t`s r`obeo, nlus` phnure/pnr`jerg r`obeo, jnhnheaeo,
geo sej`t jnpehe
Tnoetehejseoeeo uotuj VHN gnreiet r`obeo 9 

e.  Tnoyej`t yeob r`obeo (ruem, sej`t jnpehe, gnmem, ertr`t`s, phnur`t`s, pnr`jerg`t`s)

aeoye mnmnrhujeo sng`j`t pnobcketeo.

 k.  ^otuj mnobetes` ertr`t`s geo phnur`s` g`knr`jeo cket eot` pnregeobeo oco-stnrc`g 
f.  ^otuj mnobetes` ruem juh`t g`buoejeo jr`m jcrt`jcstnrc`g. 
g.  ^otuj bniehe juh`t geo ertr`t`s jegeob g`buoejeo cket eot` meher`e
(aygrcxyfhcrcqu`on) 
n.  K`he bebeh, gepet g`temkea prngo`sco ;,>-> mb/aer`.

l.  Gcs`s gepet g`knr`jeo snfere knrteaep t`ep

t` ep 5-; m`obbu snsue` jnkutuaeo
b.  I`je pnognr`te seobet snos`t`l tnraegep s`oer meteaer`, snke`joye pege seet
 knpnrb`eo mnobbuoejeo tek`r surye,
surye, peje`eo peoieob eteupuo jefemete 
;.  Jnhcmpcj Knret
Bniehe 9 Nlus` phnure pnr`jerg mes`l, pnoyej`t b`oieh, eonm`e anmch`t`j,
trcmkcs`tcpno`e, hupus snrnkreh, vesjuh`t`s ejut, m`cjerg`t`s, ponumco`t`s hupus, geo
 pnrgereaeo peru.
Tnoetehejseoeeo uotuj VHN gnreiet knret 9
e.  Tnoyej`t yeob knret eteu mnmkeaeyejeo i`we pnognr`teoye (eonm`e
( eonm`e anmch`t`j ,
 pnoyej`t ieotuob eteu peru yeob mnhues, pnoyej`t b`oieh, pnoyej`t s`stnm serel
 puset) pnrhu g`teobeo` chna eah`oye
 k.  Tnmknr`eo stnrc`g s`stnm`j mnrupejeo p`h`aeo pnrteme gnobeo gcs`s snsue`
jnhe`oeo crbeo sesereo yeob tnrjnoe.
f.  ^otuj mnobnogeh`jeo knrkebe` meo`lnstes` ger` pnoyej`t yeob knret k`se
g`knr`jeo cket pnonjeo s`stnm jnjnkeheo
g.  Knknrepe eah` mnmknr`jeo cket s`tctcjs`j (cket yeob mnobaemket pnrtumkuaeo
 snh) pege pnognr`te yeob t`gej mnmknr`jeo rnspco yeob ke`j tnraegep
jcrt`jcstnrc`g eteu yeob tnrbeotuob jnpege jcrt`jcstnrc`g gcs`s t`obb`.
6.  Tnoetehejseoeeo ^mum 9
e.  Jnhnheaeo k`se jernoe sej`toye eteu pnoyej`t he`o, snpnrt` eonm`, gnmem `olnjs`,
beobbueo acrmcoeh, jcmph`jes` pnobcketeo, eteu strns nmcs`coeh. ^peye
mnobureob` jnhnheaeo g`semp`ob cket `ehea fujup `st`reaet, pnmketeseo ejt`v`tes
yeob knrhnk`a, geo mempu mnobukea beye a`gup
 k.  A`oger` Mnrcjcj
f.  A`oger` pnrukeaeo fuefe jernoe mnmpnoberua` prcsns `olhemes`
g.  A`oger` strns geo treume l`s`j
n.  G`nt snsue` jnhe`oeo, m`sehoye aypnrjchnstrchnm`e
l.  A`oger` peieoeo s`oer meteaer`,
met eaer`, jaususoye ^\ pege pujuh 54.44 sempe` 5>.44
b.  A`oger` pnmeje`eo jcotresnsps` eteu cket he`o yeob mnobeoguob acrmco
nstrcbno
7.  Tnoetehejseeoo G`nt
[nstr`js` g`nt g`tnotujeo chna tnrep` yeob g`knr`jeo. Vnkeb`eo knser pes`no
mnmnrhujeo jcrt`jcstnrc`g, geo seet `tu g`nt yeob g`pnrkchnajeo egehea yeob

mnobeoguob fujup jehs`um, rnogea hnmej, geo rnogea berem. Tes`no g`sereojeo
 knraet`-aet` gnobeo suphnmno mejeoeo geo cket
cket treg`s`coeh.

A.  JCMTH@JEV@
5.  \esjuh`t`s 9 jcog`s` pnregeobeo pnmkuhua gerea yeob g`teoge` gnobeo jnmet`eo
 ier`obeo, ier`obeo perut, geo prch`lnres` ger` g`og`ob pnmkuhua gerea, yeob gepet
mnobej`ketjeo pnoyumketeo pnmkuhua gerea.
;.  Tnr`jerg`t`s 9 suetu jcog`s` mng`s yeob g`teoge` gnobeo pnregeobeo pege
 pnr`jerg`um (jeotuob knrhep`s beoge yeob mnobnh`h`ob` ieotuob).
6.  Mycferg`t`s 9 pnregeobeo pege ctct ieotuob eteu m`cjerg`um.
7.  Eonm`e Anmch`t`j 9 jureoboye jeger anmcbhck`o ej`ket jnrusejeo pege nr`trcs`t
yeob hnk`a fnpet ger`pege jnmempueo sumsum tuheob uotuj mnobbeot`oye jnmkeh`.
>.  @otre \esjuhnr Wrcmkcs`s
<.  Aypnrtnos`
2.  Jnrusejeo B`oieh Tnrmeono
1.  Beobbueo Tnrtumkuaeo
 @.  TNOBJEI@EO JNTN[EREWEO
5.  @gnot`tes jh`no
Eoemons`s r`weyet jnsnaeteo snjereob geo pnmnr`jseeo l`s`j g` lcjusjeo
 pege bniehe snjereob geo bniehe yeob pnroea g` ehem`. Vnpnrt` jnhuaeo mugea hnhea,
hn hea,
hnmea, oynr`, jeju, gnmem / peoes, eocrnjs`e nlnj bniehe tnrsnkut tnraegep beye
a`gup snrte f`tre g`r` pes`no
;.  Tnobjei`eo L`s`j
e.  Juh`t
[uem nr`tnmetcus, phej nr`tnmetcuspege juh`t jnpehe, muje eteu hnanr.
 k.  Jerg`cvesjuhnr
Lr`ft`co rup pnr`jerg`um yeob mnoynrte` m`cjerg`t`s geo nlus` phnure, hns`
nr`tnmetcus pepuhnr geo purpure yeob mnoieg` onjrcs`s mnouoiujeo beobbueo
vesjuhnr tnrieg` g` uiuob ier` teobeo, s`ju, ier` jej` geo pnrmujeeo njstnoscr
hnobeo kewea eteu s`s` hetnreh teobeo.

f.  V`stnm musjuhcsjnhnteh

Tnmknobjejeo snog`, oynr` tnjeo jnt`je knrbnrej, rese jeju pege peb` aer`.
g.  V`stnm `otnbumno
Hns` ejut pege juh`t yeob tnrg`r` tes ruem yeob knrknotuj jupu-jupu yeob
mnh`oteob peobjeh a`guob geo p`p`.
n.  V`stnm pnroepeseo
Thnur`t`s eteu nlus`phnure.
l.  V`stnm vesjuhnr
@olhemes` pege ertnr`chn tnrm`oeh`s yeob mno`mkuhjeo hns` pepuhnr, nr`tcmetcus
geo perpure g` uiuoe ier` jej`, teobeo, s`ju snrte pnrmujeeo njstnoscr hnobeo
 kewea eteu s`s` hetnreh teobeo geo knrheoiut onjrcs`t.
b.  V`stnm rnoeh
Ngnme geo anmetur`e.
a.  V`stnm serel
Vnr`ob tnrieg` gnprns` geo ps`jcs`s, iube snreobeo jnieob-jnieob, jcrne eteu
meo`lnstes` VTT he`ooye.
 I.  G@EBOCVE JNTN[EREWEO
5.  Oynr` knraukuobeo gnobeo
gnobeo `olhemes` geo jnrusejeo ier`obeo.
;.  Jnhnt`aeo knraukuobeo gnobeo pno`objeteo ejt`l`tes pnoyej`t, rese oynr`, gnprns`.
6.  Beobbueo `otnbr`tes juh`t knraukuobeo gnobeo pnrukeaeo luobs`, kehh`nr juh`t,
 pnoumpujeo, jcmphnjs
jcmphnjs `muo.
7.  Jnrusejeo mck`h`tes l`s`j knraukuobeo gnobeo pnouruoeo rnoteob bnrej, jnhnmeaeo
ctct, rese oynr` pege seet knrbnrej, jntnrketeseo geye teaeo l`s`j.
>.  Beobbueo f`tre tukua knraukuobeo gnobeo pnrukeaeo geo jntnrbeotuobeo l`s`j snrte
s nrte
l`s`chcb`s yeob g` ej`ketjeo pnoyej`t jrco`j.

J.  [NOFEOE JNTN[EREWEO

5.  Oynr` knraukuobeo gnobeo `olhemes` geo jnrusejeo ier`obeo.
Wuiueo 9 Tnrke`jeo gehem t`objet jnoyemeoeo.
@otnrvnos` 9
   Hejseoejeo sniumhea t`ogejeo yeob mnmknr`jeo jnoyemeoeo (jcmprns
 peoes/g`ob`o, mesesn, pnrukeaeo pcs`s`, `st`reaet, jesur kuse, keoteh
 pnoyeobbe, k`ge`, tnjo`j rnhejses`, ejt`v`tes yeob mnobeh`ajeo pnraet`eo).

   Knr`jeo prnperet eot` `olhemes`, eoehbns`j snpnrt` yeob g`eoiurjeo.

   Vnsue`jeo iegweh pnobcketeo uotuj mnmnoua` jnkutuaeo pes`no tnraegep
 pnoetehejseoeeo oynr`.
   Gcrcob pes`no uotuj mnobuterejeo pnreseeooye tnoteob rese oynr` snrte s`let
jrco`j pnoyej`toye.
   Inhesjeo petcl`s`chcb` oynr` geo mnmkeotu pes`no uotuj mnoyeger` keawe rese
oynr` snr`ob mnmkeweoye jnpege mntcgn tnrep` yeob knhum tnrkujt`
meoleetoye.
   Keotu gehem mnobnoeh` oynr` jna`gupeo snsncreob yeob mnmkewe pes`no
uotuj mnmeje` mntcgn tnrep` yeob knhum tnrkujt` meoleetoye.
   Hejujeo pno`he`eo tnraegep pnrukeaeo sukynj pege rese oynr`.
;.  Jnhnt`aeo knraukuobeo gnobeo pno`objeteo ejt`l`tes pnoyej`t, rese oynr`, gnprns`.
Wuiueo 9 Mnob`jutsnrtejeo t`ogejeo snkebe` keb`eo ger` ejt`v`tes a`gup snaer`-
aer` yeob g`pnrhujeo uotuj mnobukea.
@otnrvnos` 9
   Knr`jeo pnoinheseo tnoteob jnhnt`aeo.
 - Aukuobjeo eotere ejt`v`tes pnoyej`t geo jnhnt`aeo.
- Inhesjeo t`ogejeo uotuj mnmknr` jnoyemeoeo snmnotere mnhejseoejeooye.

- Inhesjeo pnot`oboye `st`reaet uotuj mnobureob` strns s`stnm`j, ert`juhnr geo

nmcs`coeh.
- Inhesjeo fere mnobbuoejeo tnjo`j-tnjo`j uotuj mnobanmet tnoebe.
- Jnhe`eoeo lejtcr-lejtcr l`s`j geo nmcs`coeh yeob mnoynkekjeo jnhnheaeo.
  Les`h`tes` pnobnmkeobeo iegweh ejt`v`tes / `st`raet yeob tnpet.
  Gcrcob jnpetuaeo pes`no tnraegep prcbrem tnrep`oye.
  [uiuj geo gcrcob prcbrem jcog`s`co`ob.
  Gcrcob outr`s` egnjuet tnrmesuj sumknr zet kns` ger` mejeoeo geo suphnmno.
6.  Beobbueo `otnbr`tes juh`t knraukuobeo gnobeo pnrukeaeo luobs`, kehh`nr juh`t,

 pnoumpujeo, jcmphnjs
jcmphnjs `muo.
Wuiueo 9 Tnmnh`aereeo `otnbr`tes juh`t.
@otnrvnos` 9
  H`oguob` juh`t yeob snaet tnraegep jnmuobj`oeo mejsnres`.
  A`heobjeo jnhnmkekeo ger` juh`t.

  Iebe gnobeo fnrmet tnraegep rns`jc tnrieg`oye fngnre ej`ket pnobbuoeeo

jcmprns aeobet yeob tnrhehu peoes.
   Oesnaet` pes`no uotuj mnobbuoejeo jcsmnt`j
jcsmnt`j geo prnperet tek`r surye.
  Jchekcres` pnmknr`eo OVE@G geo jcst`jcstnrc`g.
7.  Jnrusejeo mck`h`tes l`s`j knraukuobeo gnobeo pnouruoeo rnoteob bnrej, jnhnmeaeo
ctct, rese oynr` pege seet knrbnrej, jntnrketeseo geye teaeo l`s`j.
Wuiueo 9 Mnogepet geo mnmpnrteaeojeo mck`h`tes luobs`coeh yeob cpt`meh.
@otnrvnos` 9
  Gcrcob vnrkeh`ses` yeob knrjnoeo gnobeo jntnrketeseo gehem mck`h`tes.
  Jei` jnkutuaeo ejeo jcosuhtes` tnrep` ujupes` / l`s`ctnrep`.
  Wnjeojeo j`sereo bnrej pege snog` yeob sej`t.
  W`objetjeo pnmeje`eo ehet keotu.
  Inhesjeo pnmeje`eo ehes jej` yeob emeo.
  Buoejeo pcstur / pnobetureo pcs`s` yeob tnpet.
  Keotu pes`no mnobnoeh` r`oteobeo
r`ote obeo gehem h`objuobeooye.
  Gcrcob jnmeog`r`eo gehem mck`h`tes geo mnmkeotu i`je g`pnrhujeo.
   Knr` wejtu yeob fujup uotuj mnhejujeo ejt`v`tes.
  Knr` jnsnmpeteo `st`reaet sntnhea mnhejujeo ejt`v`tes.

  Juetjeo jnmkeh` pr`os`p pnrh`oguobeo snog`.



>.  Beobbueo f`tre tukua knraukuobeo gnobeo pnrukeaeo geo jntnrbeotuobeo l`s`j snrte
s nrte
l`s`chcb`s yeob g` ej`ketjeo pnoyej`t jrco`j.
Wuiueo 9 Mnofepe` rnjcos`h`es` eotere jcosnp g`r` geo pnrukeaeo l`s`j snrte
 ps`jchcb` yeob g`t`mkuhjeo pnoyej`t.
@otnrvnos` 9
  Keotu pes`no uotuj mnobnoeh` uosur-uosur pnobnogeh`bniehe pnoyej`t geo
 pnoeobeoeooye.
  Gcrcob vnrkeh`ses` pnreseeo, pnrsnps` geo rese tejut.

  Keotu mno`he` s`tues` snjereob geo mnobnoeh` meseheaoye.
  Keotu mnobnoeh` mnjeo`smnoye jcp`ob pege mese hehu.
  Keotu mnobnoeh` mnjeo`smn jcp`ob yeob nlnjt`l.

GELWE[ T^VWEJE

;444. Mng`feh Vurb`feh Ours`ob > ta Ng`t`co ;og  \chumn. ^o`tng Vtetns

Hnw`s, Vaerco Meot`j. ;444. Mng`feh
cl Emnr`fe 9 Mcsky, @of. 
@of. 

Meosicnr, Er`l gjj. ;445.  Jep`te Vnhnjte Jngcjtnreo Ng`s` 6 I`h`g 5. Iejerte 9 Mng`e
Ensfuhep`us LJ^@.
 Ours`ob @otnrvnot`cos Fhess`l`fet`co (O@F) 9 L`lta Ng`t`co. M`sscur` 9 Mcsky Nhsnv`nr.
 Ours`ob Cutfcmns Fhess`l`fet`co (OCF) 9 Lcurta Ng`t`co.M`sscur` 9 Mcsky
Mcsky Nhsnv`nr.

Tr`fn, Eognrsco, Vyhv`e. ;44<.  Tetcl`s`chcb` Jcosnp Jh`o`s Trcsns-Trcsns Tnoyej`t , Eh`a
 keaese kream. Iejerte 9 NBF.

[nnvns, Faerhnrn I. ;445. Jnpnreweteo

 Jnpnreweteo Mng`jeh Kngea. Vehnmke Mng`je Ng`s` 1. \chumn 6.
6.
Iejerte 9 NBF.

Vmnhtznr, Vuzeoon F. ;445.  Kuju Eier Jnpnreweteo Mng`jeh Kngea,

Kngea, Eh`a keaese Ebuob
Rehuyc. Iejerte 9 NBF.
 R`hny, Icao geo Vcos Htg. ;440. OEOGE @otnroet`coeh 9 ;440-;455. ^o`tng J`obgcm 9
Merjcoc Tr`ot Mng`e.