English File Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden Kate Chomackiooo English File Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden Kate ChomackiGRAMMAR VOCABULARY PRONUNCIATION & A Questions and answers question formation ‘working out mesning intonation: showing from context interest 10 B it'semystery auxiliary verbs, the.., the..+ compound.adjactives, intonation and comparatives modifiers sentence rhythm 14 Colloguial English 1 talking about. getting a job 16 A Doctor, doctort present parfect simple and Hiness0s and injuries, and continuous 20. B Act your age using adjectives as nouns, clothes and fashion vowel sounds adjective order 24 Revise and Check 182 26 A Fasten your seat belts narrative tenses, past perfect air travel ieegular past forms, continuous, £0 / such...that sentence rhythm 30 B A really good ending? the position of adverbs and ‘adverbs and adverbial word strass and adverbial phrases phrases intonation 34 Colloquial English 283 talking about. books 36 A Stormy weather future perfect and future the environment, vowel sounds ‘continuous weather 40 B Arisky business zero and first conditionals, future expressions with take linked phrases time clauses 44 Revise and Check 384 46 A 'ma survivor unreal conditionals feelings ‘word stress in three- or four-syllable adjectives 50 B Wish you were here wnish for present /future, wish for expressing feelings sentence rhythm and past rogrote with vorbs or -ed/-ing intonation adjectives 54 (Colloquia! English 485 talking about...wasieGRAMMAR VOCABULARY PRONUNCIATION 56 A Night night used to, be used to, sloop ‘s/and is get used to 60 B Music to my ears ‘gerunds and infinitives music ‘words from other 64 | Revise and Check 5&6 languages LS ELS EES LSS 66 A Lot's not argue 70 B it's all an act 74 Colloquial English 6&7 past modals: must have, ete, verbs often confused ‘woak form of have would rather orbs of the senses. ‘the body silent consonants talking about, . performances 76 A Cutting crime 80 B Fake news 84 | Revise and Check 788 ‘the passive (all forms), crime and punishment the letter w have something done; its said that..., he is thought fo..., ete. reporting verbs the media word stress 86 A Good business? 90 B Super cities 96 Colloquial English 8&9 clauses of contrast and purpose advertising, business changing stress on nouns and vars uncountable and plural nouns word building: profixes and suffixes word stress with prefixes and suffixes talking about. advertising 96 A Science fact, science-fiction 100 B Free speech 104 | Revise and Check 9810 106 Communication 115 Writing 122 Listening ‘quantitiors: al, evory, both, ote. scionco stross in word familios orticles collocation: word pairs pausing and sentence 182. Grammar Bank 152 Vocabulary Bank 164 Appendix 165 Irregular verbs 166 Sound BankEnglish File’ Welcome to English File fourth edition. Thi how to use the Student’s Book, Online Practice, and the Workbook in and out of class. Soo . Allthe language and skills you need to improve your English, with Grammar, Vocabulary, Pronunciation, and skills work in every File. Also available as an eBook. Use your Student's Book in class with your teacher. a eee eoe woot beecce® Grammar, Vocabulary, and Pronunciation practice for every lesson. Use your Workbook for homework or for self-study to practise language and to check your progress.: for) Ae ere ey Portes Pepi teui cy log into the O1 eet ee eeu eto) ees OR euch eerie ener ie ee © Improve your skills with extra Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking prac + Use the interactive video to practise ere es ear recon Cg ee aie ns eee Paula eaes Ba est sets ea aa cr Races oes eva Came canst recta Look again at Student's Book language you want to review ‘or that you missed in class, do extra Practice activities, and, Check your progress on what you've learnt so far. Use the Online Practice to learn outside the classroom and get instant feedback on your progress. englishfileonline.com Course overviewQuestions and answers Qevestons ere raver nsucree 1 READING & SPEAKING a Look at the photos of Florence Welch and Dan Stevens and read ‘their biographical info. Have you heard any of her music, or seen any of his TV series or films? What did you think of them? bb Now read the interviews and complete the questions. ¢ Read the interviews again and focus on their answers. Write F (Florence) or D (Dan), Which question(s) helped you answer F or D? Who do you think...? 1 © doesn't eat any animal products 2 doesn'theve a partner at the 3. © is currently living in the USA 4 prefers to keep some things private is quite romantic is very family-oriented spends a lot of time online thinks more about themselves than other people d_ Which of the questions in the terviews do you think are...? ‘= the most interesting + the least inter de rsonal to ask a person if you now them well © Choose six questions from O&A to ask your partner. P Politely refusing to answer a question I you are asked a question you think ‘appropriate, or simply don't want to answer, you can say, I'd prefer not to answer that or I'd rather not answer thet if you don't mind. Glossary headline (verb) to be the main BRITs the Brivsh annual pop music anards Every week the British newspaper The Guardian chooses people who have been in the news recently, and publishes a short interview with them called Q&A. Jlorence Wellh is the lead singer of ‘the band Florence and the Machine. ‘She was born in London in 1986, and in ‘ 2010, her frst album, Lungs, won best album award at the BRITs, She has headlined at the | Glastonbury Festival, and the bane’s fourth = & album, High as Hope, reached number two in the US and UK charts, 1 ’s your most treasured possession? My notebooks with all my lyrics. 2 What you want to be when you were growing up? AA zoologist ora secretary. 3 What __you like about yourself? can be very self-centred. 4 What your most embarrassing moment? It was about five years ago, and I'm still not ready to talk about it It was something involving dating 5 What or is the greatest love of your life? I think that hasn't happened yet. © What your superpower be? To be able to fall asleep exactly when I need to, for exactly the right amount of time. 7 ‘would you most lik to be right now? 8 Tam always away, so it would be quite nice to be at home in London, = 8 you ever said ‘I love you’ and not meant it? No. lalways felt it at thet moment, : 9 word or phrase do you most overuse? & What's the wi-fi password?’ x® an Stevens, the actor was born in Surrey in 1982. He played Matthew Crawley in the TV series Dowaton Abbey, until his character died suddenly in a special Christmas episode, He has since starred in many successful TV series and films, including Beauty and the Beast, The Man Who Invented Christmas, and Legion. 1 were you happiest? My wedding day, eight years ago. 2 What you owe your parents? A lot ~and probably quite a lot of money. 3 's your wallpaper? A photo of my kids, Willow, Aubrey, and Eden, who are eight, five, and one. 4 keeps you awake at night? My three kids. 5 would you most like to say sorry to? To Downton Abbey fans, for ru one year. © What single thing quality of your life? One of those robot vacuum cleaners. ng their Christmas, improve the 7 do you relax? 1 go for walks in Griffith Park, in LA. ® What love feel like? As if somebody's painted the world a different colour. 9 you have a ‘guilty pleasure’? Yes, vegan cheesecake GRAMMAR question formation @1.2 Listen to some journalists interviewing a famous actress who has just arrived in London, ‘Write down the four questions they ask. Answer the questions below with a partner. question is an example of ‘a question which ends with 2 proposition ‘© a subject question, where thera is no auxiliary verb ‘a question which uses a negative auxiliary verb + anindirect questior © p132 Grammar Bank 1A @Communication Indirect questions A p.106 5 p.110 Ask and answer indirect questions PRONUNCIATION intonation: showing interest @15 Listen to some people asking questions 1-5. Who sounds more interested each time, a or b? you have a big family? 2 What don't you like about the place where you live 3 What sports or games are you good at? 4 Do you think you have a healthy diet? 5. What makes you feel happy? 1.6 Listen and repest the questions with terested intonation Reacting to what someone says ‘When you esk someone a question and they answer, it is normal to show interest or sympathy. You can use: I'm sony, What a chamet + exclamations such as Wow! Me too! How interesting! + expressions euch as Oh, really + follow-up questions such as Why (not]? Why is that? Why do you say that? @17 Now listen to five conversations using the questions in a. Complete the expressions or ‘questions that the people use to react to the answers. 4. Wow That's a huge family, 2 2 What's wrong with thern? 3 ! We could have a game one day. 4 1 How long have you been a vegan? ant ink of anything worse! @1.8 Listen and repeat the responses. Copy the intonation, ‘Ask and answer the questions in a with a partner. Use interested intonation, and react to your partner's answers4 READING & VOCABULARY working out meaning from context a Look at the cartoon. How do you think the A candidate is feeling? How would you react if it 8 happened to you? € b_ Read the title of the article and the first paragraph. Then look at interview questions A-G. With a partner, say how you would answer them. E Which question would you least iko to be asked? F Interviews are a source of anxiety for most job-seekers. Job website Glassdoor has created a list of some of the toughest interview questions from the elite companies where they were asked, and offers an expert opinion on the best possible answers. EA ___ (the Phoenix Partnership) How to answer: If you ansiter nothing’ then you may look too defensive, as if you are hiding something, even i you are innocent. The best tactic would be to reply that everyone presents the best side of themselves on a CV — that is the point of the document ~ but that you think lying, and even ‘xaggeration, ie wrong __ (Conde Nast) How to answor: You could just tell the interviewer that you are not the sort of person to make enemies, but that sometimes you've enjoyed a good-natured rivalry with someone, for example, in a sport. This will show your competitive side and your drive to succeed, (Page Group) How to answer: This is an occasion when you could give a light-hearted response. Something like, ‘I don't consider myself to be selfish, but | always make sure {have some time in the week for myself, so I can practise art / tennis football / singing. (Palantir Technologies) How to answer: Everyone should be prepared to answer this question, whatever job yout interviewing for. There's no foolproof answer — it's a good idea to have thought about alist of areas that are not your biggest strengths, but that wouldn't affect the role that you are interviewing for. What do you usually do after a bad day at work? What's your biggest weakness? How would your enemy describe you? You have 50 red and 50 blue balls. How could you divide these between two containers to give the maximum probability of picking one of the colours? What's the most selfish thing you've ever done? Are you a nice person? What on your CV is the closest thing to a lie? Would YOU get the job? Applying or 0 job at IKEA ___ (Clearwater Analytics) How to answer: If you are a serious maths geek, ‘then you might have a decent chance of answering this one, One answer would be to put a single red ball in one container and all of the other balls in the other container. (Switch Consulting) How to answer: Don't be afraid to talk about what you do to relax, and show how you have a healthy ‘work-life balance. it's also a chance to say something ‘about your personal life, which could be very helpful for making a good impression. For example, you ‘could mention how you go to the gym to relax. _—(Badoo) How to answer: Dor't just answer ‘yes! or no: Think ‘about your personality type and the culture of the ‘company where you are interviewing. What is your gut feeling about the type of people that do well at the ‘company? This should help you to give an appropriate ed fom Mail Onin© Read the article once and complete Look at some more genuine interview questions. What do you with questions A-G. Would you think they would tell you about the candidate? Why? Do you now feel more confident about think these kinds of questions really help interviewers to choose answering the questions? the best person for the job? <= ‘= What would you do if you were the one survivor ina plane crash? (Aironk) DP Guessing the meaning of new words ‘© Who do you think would win in a fight between Spider-Man and and phrases Batmen? (Stanford University) When you are reading, you will often find a word or phrase you don't know. fit isn’t possible to check the meaning in a dictionary, think about: + the context (12. the other words around it. + what part of speech the individual words are (e.g, ¢ verb, an adjective, ete) * whether siniartonotherEngith | § LISTENING word you know. + whether t's simlarto.aword in your | a Have you ever had an interview for a job or a place on a course? lenguage. What kinds of questions did they ask you? Did you get the job or place? What did you have for breakfast? (Banana Republic) Describe the colour yellow to somebody who's blind. (Spirit Airlines) How many people flew out of Chicago last year? Redbox software) What am | thinking right now? (TES Global) Who is your hero, and why? (General Electrics) Tell me something about your childhood. (Next) 9 Choose two questions in f to ask a partner, Ifyou stil can't werk out what the ‘word or phrase means, ignore it and b carry on reading @ 19 Listen to four people talking about a strange question they were asked in an interview. Complete questions 1-4 4: Road the:article again with:s What strange question were How did | What happened partner, try to work out what the ‘they asked? they answer? | in the end? highlighted words and phrases 1 Ifyou could mean, and how you think they are with from the pronounced. What helped you to 2st, who wouls you choose and why? work them out? a a 10 you a @ Now match the highlighted words Are you planning to and phrases to 1-8, 2 | 1 (noun) a reaction 3 Doyou still 2 | based on fealings and emotions rather“ Taper than thought and reason like to be reincarnated a3? 2. cq Oe Sovedso it eannot fal gente phrese)an enswer €_‘tisten again end make notes in the rest of the chert. wes reneced Dbeemunng d_ Which of the questions do you think were acceptable to ask at 4 (noun, informal) 2 se inteeniew? parson who is very interested in and who knows a lot about a particular 6 SPEAKING subject 5 __(phrese) the umber @ Communication Tough questions A p.106 B p.110 Ask your See ee partner some difficult interview questions. you spend with your family. =Ia"G, Invent a tough interview question of your own, which you think ‘ en might tell you something interesting about another person. reason for something ¢ Ask your question to as many othor students as possible and 7 ____hrese) friendly answer theirs. competition 8 (noun) people who d_ Which questions did you think were the most interesting? Why? are looking for a joo——_—— It’s a mystery reriains, however improbable, must be the tut Sa I 1 READING & LISTENING a Look at the names below. Do you know what they have in ‘common? Do you know anything about them? d_ Find words in the article which mean... Paragraph 1 1 (noun) something that is difficult to understand or explain the MARY CELESTE the USS CYCLOPS Amelia Earhart (sre mystery) fs 7 . “ 3 (verb) to confuse sb b @II0 Listen and find out. Do you think we will ever know completely what happened? Paragraph 2 & @UAi eaten tess memjesiyarib erence taapon: 2 AN wo ed ‘Then cover the text and answer the questions with a partner. i ae The facts sated) id etheciiae (edi) unexpected, surprising, 1 What was the mystery and who het orstrange discovered it? 3: What theoties id 5 (noun) a mark, object, or sign 2. What was strange about. .? * the lighthouse door pacple come up with? 4 Which of the theories do you think could be that shows that sb or sth existed or was present (He disappeared without a ~) acho trod? Why? Paragraph 4 a sinc syauhck Sn ete oe = tis log Boole are impossible? Why? a A a er ‘he 0 in 19 2 Bcc lihhowe vas albon ce lng the ‘islands, and three lighthouse keepers were employed. On 26th December 1900, a seatnship sled wo the island carrying three new lighthouse keepers, to relieve the men who hed spent three monthsalbne in the Atlantic. Bur when they arrived atthe lighthouse, they made an extraondinary discovery — there was oko there! The lighehouse door was unlocked, and inside, everything was | tidy, but one of the chairs was knocked aver. One rain jacket ‘was hanging on its hook, but | the other two had disappeared. ‘The elocks had stopped. The last entry in the log book was 9am. ‘on Ith December, But ofthe three keepers, Ducat, Marshall, and MacArthur, there was not a trac. When the news of the keepers disappearance reached the iainland, there was a huge amount of media speculation. Some sugested thatthe men hac angued about a woman, and that one hhad murdered the other two before chrowing himself into the sea, Others wondered whether perhaps they had been kidnapped by German Agents who were planning ‘an invasion of Britain, using ssibmarines. Some thought they might have bee STRANGE AFFAIR fa giant sea bind, or even by a boar full of ghosts An Edinburgh policeman, Robert Muithead, was sent tw the island tosolve the mystery.@ @1.12 Listen to the rest of the story. What was Muirhead’s ‘theory? What did people think of it at the time? What is the modem explanation? Glessery ‘Queen Elizabeth Il (enown 25 the OE7| famous wansstlantc ruse chip White Cliffs of Dover very tll life on the English coastline opposite France Listen again. Why are the following mentioned? 1 a huge rock 2 Queen Elizabeth i! 3 a paper ina scientific journal 4 1901 5 one man's in jacket and the bodies of the men 2 GRAMMAR auxiliary verbs a Talk in small groups. Have you (or has anybody you know)...? + seen or heard something which cen’t be explained, e.g. 2 ghost or UFO + had a strange coincidence, e.g. meeting someone in an unexpected place ‘sited a fortune-taller, psychic, or faith healer D Reacting to @ story about something strange When somebody talks about something strange or difficult to explain, wo often react with these phrases. How / Thet’s| strange / bizarre / odd / weird / spooky. What a —_! weird story /amezing coincidence. b_ Look at the conversations and try to complete the gaps with an auxiliary verb (do, did, is, was, etc.) I hoard 2 weird noise in the middle of the night 1 you? What kind of noise? You don't believe in ghosts, 2 == you? No, I don't Ie never been to a fortune-teller. Neither? 14 twas really interesting. I don't believe you really saw a UFO. 15 see one! It couldn't have been anything alse a>no>e>o> © @1.13 Listen and check. Then in pairs, decide which highlighted phrase (1-5) is used. A toadd emphasis, to say that you are different to check information to show surprise to say that you are the same, 8 & D E 4 @p.133 Grammar Bank 18 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING intonation and sentence rhythm @1.15 Listen to the conversations. Underline the highlighted auxiliary verbs (did, don't, do) that are stressed. 1A I dreamt that | saw a ghost last night. Did you? So did I. How spooky! {don't believe in fortune-telling. Don't you? | do. You don't like horror filme, do you? {do lke them. I's just that sometimes they're too scary! 2 3 a>orer Practise the conversations with a partner. Copy the rhythm and intonation, Complete sentences 1-8 so that they are true for you. 1 I'm not very good at (sctivity) 2 'mgoing to [verb phrese) 3 Ilove (e kind of music) I don't like (akind of food) 5 I've never read {@ famous book) 6 dove to ive in {e town or country) 7 | was very led). of personality) 8 didn't evening. (verb phrase) tonight. as a child. yesterday Work in pairs, A and B. A read your sentences to B. B respond with a reply question and then say whether you are the same or different. Then swap roles. I'm not very good at cooking, ) (Aren't you? Neither ar I'm going to wotch the football tonight. (Are you? Im not. going to study. @ Communication You're psychic, aren't you? A p.106 Bp.111 Make guesses about your partner.4 LISTENING & SPEAKING a Look at the photo of a forest. How do you think you would feel if you were walking in it? bb @1.16 Now look at the photo and listen, Follow the instructions. Write your answers below. ‘Awalk in the forest 1G I) @) «@ 4 Listen again and check what you have written. Make sure you have answered all parts of the questions. 1.17 Now listen to an explonation of what you have written. Make notes in the chart. [A walk in the forest 1 the person = 2 the animal how you interact with 3 the house no fence = afence @ the table = 5 the cup = 6 the water = how wet you get Now use the notes to interpret what you wrote in b. Then compare with a partner and say what you agree with and what you disagree with. Do you beliove in this kind of personality test? Do you believe that you can learn anything about someone's personality by...? ‘+ analysing their handwriting (graphology) looking at their hands (palmistry) ‘© analysing the position of the sun, moon, and planets at the exact ime of their birth (astrology) * online personality quizzes, e.g. Buzzfeodg Grammar in context the..., the... + comparatives 5 VOCABULARY compound adjectives Look at some extracts from the listening in 4. Can you The bigger the ano remember what the gapped words were? Saar 1 ifthere was no fence around the house, tmeans you ae vety Can RAIMI Nos open: and welcome new ideas. = 2 Hyouhardy gotta rear that you cape tn SR ees b_ @1.19 Listen and check. Do the compound adjectives in a to show that one thing depends on Haisa postive ot nepative meena? another, 0g +The eorlor we stat, the sooner wlll ———— finish = fe star early, well fish Compound adjactives have two parts. The second part often oo ends in ed oF -ing, e.9. good-natured, hard-working. The w jhermmescconssncsenesiaenstis words are normaly litked by Fyphens ozs you'l have for your holiday. =I you spend alot of money now, youl € @'1.20 Listen to some more compound adjectives. Which feve les fr your holiday. word has the main stress? Rewrite the sentences using the... abeentminded bad-iempered big-headed easy-going the... + comparative. good-tempered laid-back narrow-minded open-minded yifsicaee eee Gi telfcentved strong-willed tightfisted two-faced susie sec Soulean see welkbelanced well-behaved The the. _ With a partner, use the two parts of the words to try to 2 1fT PRES 160 of Saree BSG By work out their meaning. Which do you think are positive and negative characteristics? Are there any which you think can aS be either? the =, 31H sau howe alotet Gs sou ds Wigs (think abad-tempered porson fs somebody who gets angry easily slowly. The D Modifiers a We often use modifiers with adjectives of personality 0 Ncssias tepeeelaeel make them stronger or lees strong ae With positive characteristics the . really /eredibly extremely My mums | very good -tempered 1.18 Now listen and check. Notice cuite/ pretty the stress and intonation pattern in nyeeeeerces With negative charactoristice really /nrecibly / extremely h_ Complete the sentences in your own My sister is is Jprotty bad-tempered. words. Then read your sentences to a ny ihe partner. 1 The more money | have... 2. The eorberIget up... @ Tell your partner about people with the characteristics 3 The faster English pecple speak. below. Give examples of their behaviour. 4 The let | eat, Deo you know somebody whe i 5 The harder | wore, + very open-minded + obit worfaced 6 The more exercise. + extremely abeontminded ——_* very good-tompered + abittightfisted «incredibly strongewiled * prety laid-back = quite self-centied ‘My cousin is protty laid-back. She didn’t even get angry when her boyfriend crashed her car!1 eo THE INTERVIEW Part 1 a Read the biographical information about Ryan Judd. What do you think the HR department of e company does? Ryan Judd was bom in 1976. He has been working as a recruitment ‘advisor in the HR (Human Resources) department at Oxford University Press since 2010. b Watch Part 4 of an interview with him. Tick (7) the things he mentions that candidates for a job interview should do. 1. Arrive on time 2. © Be enthusiastic about the job 3.1 Ask questions about the job 4 © Ask questions ebout the salary 5 © Include 2 photograph on your CV 6 © Write a good cover letter 7 © Check everything is correct on your CV 8 © Be prepared for the interview Glossary CV the abbreviation for Currulum Vitae, a written record ef your education and the jabs you have done that you tone whon you se applying for 3 job cover(ing) letter a letter containing extra information which candidates send ith their CV recruiter hss’ the person who finds now people to join 9 company salary banding the lvel of pay gen for cersain jobs within 3 company © Now watch again and answer the questions. 1 What kinds of things does he ask candidates about to relex them before the interview? 2 What kinds of things does he ask candidates at the Beginning the interview? 3 What information should be given in a covering letter? d Which three things in b do you think are ‘the most important? © Part 2 ‘Watch Part 2. Which throe interview situations did he find difficult or surprised him? Watch again and answer the questions. 1. What choice did he have with the first candidate he talks about? 2 What explanation for her behaviour did the second candidate give? 3. What kinds of clothes does he think candidates should wear? 4 Why dic the thicd candidate arrive in the wrong kind of clothes? Did he get the job? Glossary blazer ‘hiss a amar jackat which je not worn with matching trousers € Do you agree with Ryan that how a candidate dresses is important? What would you wear to a job interview? © Part 3 a Watch Part 3. Complete the two ‘extreme interview! questions he mentions. 1. How would you describe to your 2 2 Would you rather fight a horse-sized ora hundred ducksized Watch again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Say why the F ones are false. 1 Ryan thinks the purpose of extreme interviewing is to see how candidates react in a strange situation. 2. He has used extreme interviewing on several occasions. 3. The frst ‘extreme’ question he mentions was asked to see ifthe candidate had technical and communication skils. 4 The second ‘extreme’ question was asked to see if candidates had leadership potential. 5 Ryan thought that it was a good question. 6 He would have chosen the first option How would you answer the two questions in a?2 eo LOOKING AT LANGUAGE D Formal language Ryan uses several words and ‘expressions that would typically bbe used in @ more formal setting, 2g, a job interview, rather than in conversation, Watch some extracts from the interview and replace the highlighted words or phrases with the more formal equivalent used by Ryan. 1 *. you'te also looking for them to show experience relevant to the position’ 2 ‘During an interview, once it has begun, | will always try to start the interview with some general questions...” 3 First thing is, obviously, to make mistakes ‘on thelr application ~ um, that's always seen negetvely 4 but again, during the interview, when he hadh't said that's why she was doing it, itwas a bit of a surprise 5 \..you nould expect, expect to see suitable shoes And the same for a, awoman aswell.” / 6 ‘It not something that | have direct ‘experience of, but | know about some of the techniques that they use. 7 ‘alm not even sure if| would have been able to give an immadiate answer.” 3 oe THE CONVERSATION, a Watch the conversation. How do they respond to the question? Write D, S, and A on the line in the appropriate place. Yes, definitely Itdepends b Watch it again. Match the sentence halves. Alice Admitting you can't do something is OK if Alice Ifyou say you can speak French on your CV and you can't, Sarah It's OK to exaggerate abit about something if Sarah If speaking a language was essential for job, If you ie end say you can do something, If you don't have many hobbies, Absolutely not é A its not very important for the job, you will have wasted the interviewer's time and given a bad impression of yoursolt C it's a good idea to exaggerate a bit. D you say you are prepared to learn. E it might be expensive for the company when they discover the: truth F | wouldn't say | could do it ¢ Do you think it's OK to slightly exaggerate on your CV? Who do you agree with most, and why? d_ Watch three extracts where the speakers are emphasizing something and complete the gaps. 1 Lthinkit’sa idea to even slightly exaggerate 2. you might find yourselfin a situation where you've wasted thelr time and you've just made yourself look sly 3 Ive ‘exaggerated on a CV. 2 Now watch two more extracts. What does the speaker do with the missing word to make it more emphatic? 1 .n.but | wouldn't do that if knew the job was going to require me that language 2. ..you shouldn't outright lie because you get caught ut and a lot ofthe times it could cost a company a lot of money... Now have a conversation in groups of three. 1 Do you think that to get 2 job today, who you know is still more important than what you know? 2 Do you think CVs and interviews are a reliable way of selecting people for a job?Never go to a doctor wh ‘office plants have ched Doctor, doctor! hesbetadtnetp FEED ESET WAT CE 1. VOCABULARY illnesses and injuries © @p.152 Vocabulary Bank linesses 2 Do the first-aid quiz with e partner. As you read the options, try to work out the meaning of the highlighted words and phrases. d_ What illnesses or injuries might you yet if you are...? b @ Communication Medical myths or first-aid facts? A p.106 geunye B p11 Check your answers to the quiz and explain the reasons Gating out hisigin the mounteins ‘to your partner. doing sport visiting a topical country MEDICAL OR FIRST-AID First aid can help treat a minor injury, or even save a life in a medical emergency. However, it’s important to know what NOT to do. Sometimes, incorrect first aid can actually be more harmful than helpful. So how useful is the advice you've heard? Do our quiz to find out. , decide which answers are myths (M) and which are facts (F). What's the fst thin you should How should you treat a sprained ‘What's the best thing to do for someone with puton a bum? ankle? trypothesmia? a butter 2 _putaot, damp cloth on the ‘2 rub their arms and legs to warn them up cool running water ankle b ge them a brandy or 2 hot coffee © amice pack b _ putan ice pack on the ankle © cover them in something warm, eg. a © puttheleg up, e.g. ona chair coat ora blanket What's the fist thing to doifomeone is What’ the best way to stop ¢ Ateryou have cleaned a bad cut, choking? nosebleed? what should you do..? stand behind them and press thir a tip your head forwards 2 puton a bandage stomach inwards 5 pinch the soft part of your nose b _puton antiseptic cream ‘make them continue to cough hard © tipyour head backwards leave itopen to the air © hitthem hard on the back2 PRONUNCIATION /f, /d3/, /t{, and /k/ eB) oe a How do you pronounce sounds 1=4 in the chart? Write the words from the list in the correct column. ache allergic bandage choking emergency infection injury pressure rash sick stomach temperature unconscious b O25 words, isten and check. Practise saying the ¢ Use the words in a to answer questions 1-3 about the sound-spelling rules. 1 What ways can you spell the Jf sound? Which do you think is most common? 2 How do you often pronounce g before j and e? 3 Which two ways can ch be pronounced? Which do you think is the more common? d- @p.166-7 Sound Bank Look at the typical spellings for if dy), /t, and /k/, and more examples. Practise saying the words. @ @2.6 Look at some more medical words Are they the same in your language? Which sounds in a do thay contain? Listen and check. cholesterol indigestion injection operation scratch surgeon syringe 3 LISTENING & SPEAKING a. Talk in pairs. What would you do and why? If you were in the stroct and saw someone: who had a medical problem, what would your immediate reaction be? 2 | wouldn't do anything myself, but |! would wait to see if someone else was able to help. bb I'd.callan ambulance and stay with the person until it came. € 'd.go up to the person and see if could do any first aid b 2.7 You are going to listen to Jane, Daniel, and Alison talking about a time when someone needed first aid. First, listen to some extracts and complete the expressions. Jane 1 the didn't have a 150 | thought he vas probably 2. he took har to one side to because obviously she was 3 I kept going unt the Daniel 4. ..an old lady stepped off the pavement in front of me and she into the road, 5 She'd fallen heavily, but she _ 6 It was obviously an effort for her to situp, itwas, - Alison 7 Then all of a sudden, he stopped walking and 8 Some teenagers in the queue 9 then they put him on a stretcher and @2.8 Now listen to their stories. When the incident. happened, did they help? Why (not)? Listen again and answer the questions for each story. 1 What was he / she doing when it happened? 2 Who needed first aid? Why? 3 What did he / she do? 4 What happened in the end? 5 How did he / she feel 2) during the event, b) after the event? Talk in small groups. Have you ever been in a situation where you had to give first aid? Who to? Where were you? What happened? How did you feel? Has anyone ever had to give you ‘were you? What happened? 3t aid? Why? Where Have you ever received ary first-aid training? If no, ‘would you like to? In which jobs should people be given compulsory first-aid training? What could you do if someone...? had a severe allergic reaction had a high temperature ‘got very bad sunburn folt faint and dizzy got a big blister on their foot {99% food poisoning had an epileptic seizure4 GRAMMAR present perfect simple and continuous v @2.9 Listen to a conversation between a doctor and a patient and answer the questions. 1. What symptoms does the patient have? 2 What does he think might be wrong with hit? 3. What does he think he needs? 4 What does the doctor suggest? b @2.10 Listen to what the doctor and receptionist say after Mr Payne has left. What do they think of him? Do you know the name for someone like this? ¢ @2.11 Now listen to some extracts from the conversation ina and(circlethe correct form, present perfect simple or continuous. Are there any where you think both options would also be possible? 1 | haven't been feeling / | haven't felt well for a few days. 2. ve been coughing/ I've coughed a lot and | keep getting headaches. 3 What have you been taking / have you taken for the headaches? 4 How many tablets have you been taking / have you taken today? 5 And have you taken / havo you been taking your temperature this moming? & Yes. Ive been taking it/ Ive taken itfive or six times already. 7 think | need 2 blood test. | haven't had / haven't been having one for ‘two months. d- @p.134 Grammar Bank 2A In pairs, use the prompts to ask and answer the questions. The first question should be present simple and the second should be present perfect simple or continuous 1 often get colds? How meny colds/ have in the last three months? 2 1 tako any vitamins or supplements? How long / take them? 3 'drinkmuch water? How many glasses / drink today? 4 I do any exercise? What? How lang / do it? 5 Jeet a lot of fruit and vegetables? How meny portions / have today? 1 walk to school (or work or university? How far / walk today? 7 How many hours/ sleep anight? / sleep wel recently? 8 fbeallergic to anything? / ever have a serious allergic reaction? 5 READING & SPEAKING a Look at the title of the article on p.19 and read the first paragraph. With a partner, try to complete the definition of a cyberchondriac. Do you think the tone of the article is humorous or serious? ‘eyberchondriag jscibs knack) (noun) a person whe compulsively searches the internat for information sbout b Now read the whole article. ‘Complete the summary of each paragraph with phrases a-e. 1 When the writer found out that she had o fest heart rate, she 2 Atthe hospital, she discovered that 3 Since she returned from the hospital, she 4 It's difficult 10 know from online information whether @ condition 5 Alot of online medical information has been obsessively checking her symptoms online, b googled the possible causes. ¢ len't very reliable of up to date. d vias suffering from a chest infection and eyberchondria, @ is rare or very common. Match the highlighted phrases in the article related to medicine to definitions 1-7. 1 the medical treatment of a heart problem that involves an operation 2 successful treatments for an illness that was thought to be impossible to cure 3 tom not feeling very welll 4 ‘exaggerated reports in the news that make people worry 5 tho most terrible Sitvations that could happen 6 the speed at which your heart beats 7 an illness which could kil youd_ Now read each paragraph again carefully and choose a, b, or c. 1 The problem with Dr Google is that the information is a insufficient b worrying ¢ false 2. Microsoft's survey discovered that searches ere to do with health a very few b quite alotof € the majority of 3. The information the writer has found since coming back from hospital has a made her cyberchondria worse b made no difference to her Tm eure that’s what I've got. 1 A few weeks ago, [was feeling under the weather. After o ceeel or ctwechondita days of intensive internet diagnosis, [finally went to see A. Ons CPthe Sesblonns with RR my doctor. After examining me, she told me that my a Searches i that they heart rate was a bit fast and sent me off to the hospital Pa ae Seed for some tests. Did I go straight there? Of course not. Fiage Do Not — vee answers in order ol Traeb (ook euteay pone lneeeiento Goole wail Confise You" ipeseetty i found out that the technical term fora fast heart ratcis ga Sri Ge scatcentvg Inesien suupravonricular tachycantia. Then I typed these two words Search & den valiays cies en arene ira Corie, Sacky, ine picblen wil Dr Gocrles tial ee 5 Most people are unlikely to check he isn't exactly a comfort in times of crisis, One website Tal Degree heath information was posted immediately scared me with alist of 407 possible causes, poten’ 2 I raced to the hospital, convinced that I probably needed open- erhertandl By whee heart surgery. Four hours later, I gota diagnosis. [had a chest infection. .and a bad case of eyberchondria. The only consolation @ In small groups, answer the questions. for the latter condition is that I'm in good company. A Microsoft Ask for and give as much informa survey of one million internet users last year found that 2% ofall possible. searches ~a notinsignificant number—were health-related, < Soyen Lnowamenestoyeu lista 3 Unfortunately, once you have it, eyberchondria can be hard to hypochondriac or a cyberchondriac? What cure. Since my trip t hospital, I have been obsessively checking kinds of things do they do? my pulse, swapping symptoms in chat rooms, and reading all 2. Do you think people in your country worry about worst-case scenarios. What if the doctors got it wrong? alot about their..? What ifthe ECG machine was faulty? Its exhausting trying to convince yourself that you might have a life-threatening iliness. blood pressure cholesterol level 4 The Microsoft study also revealed another serious problem — that digestive system _ Iver ‘online information often doesnt discriminate between common and very rare conditions, One in four of all articles thrown up Give examples if you can. Are there by an internet search for headache suggested a brain tumour as a other things related to health that they possible cause, Although itis true that this may be the cause, in ‘wairy bow? fact, brain tumours develop in fewer than one in 50,000 people People also assume that the first answers that come up in searches refer to the most common causes, so if you type in mouth ulcer and 6 WRITING see that mouth cancer has several mentions near the top, you think that it must be very common, However, this isnot the ease at all. © p15 Writing An informal email 5 Another problem for cyberchondriacs is that online medical Write an email to a friend explaining that information may be from an unreliable source, or out of date, A you haven't been welll, and saying what recent American study showed that 75% of the people who use the you've been doing recently. internet to look up information about their health do not check ‘where that information came fom, or the date it was created, ‘Once something has been put up on the internet, even if it's wrong, it's difficult to remove} says Sarah Jarvis, a doctor. ‘This isa problem, especially with scare stories, and also with some alternative remedies which claim to be miracle cures, but which Glossary may actually do you harm.’ Check the information? Sorry, [don't ECG machine clectrocersicgrom have time ~ I'm offto buy a heart-rate monitor! machine, vied to test people's heartrate Aalpted from The Suny TinJs someone differant at age 18: {607 I believe ane stays the sam Act your age Has hae Sopa coe 1 READING & SPEAKING a. Think of an older person you kno younger than they actually are.( ho seems much _-b_ Describe the person to a partner, and say clelany of the what they do that makes them seem younger adjectives below that you would use to describe them than their age. active bravo energetic funny glamorous impulsve Look at the photo of Dilys and Sian. independent lively open-minded sociable Approximately how old do you think they are? The joy of the age-gap friendship Dilys on Sian I met Sian at an event where ‘we were both speakers, and wwe just clicked. I could see she ‘was Just a great person, and cleverer than most. She was a glamorous, lively woman, who talked about being an entrepreneur and her love for her father, Sian on Dilys I met Dilys in Cardiff, where we both lve, at an event called Superwoman. We were both invited to speak and were at the same table. Dilys did a lot of charity work with disabled people, as well as being the world’s oldest female solo skyciver. ! was there to talk about my media ‘marketing company. We hit it off, thought she was amazing and the way I want tobe as I grow older. She started inviting me to different places. I went to the races with her—not the sort of thing [ normally do. She brought fun back into my life when I was working hard to run a charity. We love to sit with a takeaway ‘The now experiences we share and listen to Mozart. We like help to keep me alive. When | films and the theatre. She has ‘was ill last Christmas, she really a huge amount of eneray and rescued me. She came in like ‘can dance for longer than me. hurricane, with decorations, She even persuaded me to do firewood, champagne. Iwas 4 Dilysandsien a skydive, despite my fear of feeling sad and afraid, and she told me that wasn't allowed. heights. When we're in a cab, taxi drivers ask how we met, but ‘we never think of our age gap. She advises me on my love life, ‘She brought fun back into my life.’ yor, and how tobe «better person. ‘ Sian's full of energy and warmth, I feel I understand her ‘She’ elder’ because she represents my younger self. Mine wasn’t a in the way Lwant tobe as grow id typical path; | always wanted to be a bit different. Iwasa __ often walk into Dilys’s house when I'm stressed and within dancer and taught the art of movement. I got married within seconds I'm mare relaxed. She calms me down when I'm six weeks, but divorced when my only son was seven. I've _ angry, and teaches me to see things from other people's point got the life I wanted, but itisn't always easy, | try to offer that _ of view. Now, she's the first person I ring when anything good perspective to Sian or bad happens. My family say how much good she does me. Slower? Adoted fom The Guntci the racer 9 series of horae races that happen atone place on 3 peticuar deyd_ Now read the article, where each woman talks about how they met and about their relationship. Who are the following sentences true of? Write S (Sian, D (Dilys), or B (both of them), 1.1) She admires the other person, She cheered the other person up on one specific occasion 2 3 She got on immediately with the other person 4. She has done an extreme sport. 5 She has helped the other person to be more open-minded, 6 She has introduced the other to things she hadn't tried before. 7 She lices cultural 8 crvities She manages an organization which helps people. She runs a compeny. 10 She's good at giving advice. Tl She's very energetic. 12 She doesn't ike being in high places. Look at your answers to d. What do you think is the secret of Dilys and Sian’ friendship? Now look at the photo of Dave and John. What do you think the age difference is between them? (A Dave and John g @ Communication The joy of the age-gap friendship Ap.107 Bp.111 Read about Dave and John and compare what they say about each other. ‘Complete some phrases from the four texts. Compare with @ partner and explain what they mean in your own words. 1 Dilys We juste Sian Weh_ tof. ian Ve never think of our age g@ teaches me to see things from other people's ofv : Dave I've earned never to sides John (He loves cers:) | couldn't ¢— less. 7 John I upto him 2 3 4 Talk to a partner. ‘+ Aro you good friends with anyone who is a lot older or younger than you? * Ifyes, how did you meet? Why do you get (on well? What kind of things do you do together? + Ifno, what advantages do you think there are rohaving a friend ofa different generation? * Is there family member froma different generation who you are close to? What do you lige about them? GRAMMAR using adjectives as nouns, adjective order Look at the sentences in 1 and 2 below and decide if you think they are right (/) or wrong (X). Compare with a partner and say why you think the x ones are wrong. 1 a 1) Ingeneral, it's difficult for the old and the young to be good friends. b 1 In general, it’s difficult for the old people and the young people to be good friends, ¢ | In general, it’s difficult for old people ‘and young people to be good ‘ends. 2a | Sianisa lively, dark-haired, Welsh b © Sian is a Welsh, lively, darkhaired wornan. € | Sian is a dark-haired, Welch, ively © p135 Grammar Bank 2B Discuss the statements below in small groups. Do you agree? Why (not|? + Young people don't respect the old as much as they used to. + Politicians should be 2t least 40 years old ~ e young don’t have enough experience for such a responsible job. + Rich people are often less generous than peor people. + The unemployed should take any job they can. Any job is better than no job. + The homeless should be allowed to lve rent-free in empty second homes.3 VOCABULARY clothes and fashion a Look at the title of an article about fashion. What's your answer to the question? b Look at the photo of the Hoppen family and read the article. Complete the highlighted phrases with the clothes in the lst. dress jacket jeans sandale sweater top trainers Can the same clothes work for all ages? Ac survey found that 54% of British women borrow ei nencioniees crater OF Wag Siar ai ee PaninGNGEL eV ed tpn Out on at ‘wear when you're young or old, says designer Emilia Wikstead. ‘It's about finding the things that really suit you, regardless of your age” Pura Hopper 2 fer mother Jey (0, erste Dass Firmly rie ‘When three women of the same clothing and shoe size live under the same roof, clothes are bound to go missing. ‘I remember seeing this girl in the park and thinking, “That's a nice dress; it looks like one ‘of mine.”, says Jenny Hoppen. ‘And I realized it was Daisy, going to a ‘wedding, wearing my dress and shoes,’ But even if they borrow from each other, the same piece looks different on them all. In the photo, they are all wearing the same ‘cropped Plum wears hers with ?a leather _and patterned but they look just as good on Jenny with “a silk V-neck and red velvet_, or on Daisy with ¢a see-through black worn over 7a black polo-neck ‘The principle ‘we learned from our mother, says Daisy, 'is to have our own sense of style and be adventurous’ © Whose ‘look’ do you prefer? Do you ever borrow clothes or accessories from people in your family, or friends? 4 @p.153 Vocabulary Bank Clothes and fashion 4 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds a Say the vowel sounds below. Are they short, long, or diphthongs? 1 JR devin vet tne 2 gg] br loter waiteoat suede 4 % fur sorfly shit skit 5 WET owe shone wut wo b ©2.21 Circleithe different sound in each group. Listen and check. c @2.22 Listen to some phrases describing clothes. Is anyone in the class wearing them, or something similar? d_ Talk in pairs. What would or wouldn't you wear...? 10 @ formal interview on the beach to work or schoo! / university te awedding sightseeing in a city 5 LISTENING & SPEAKING a Look at the clothes in the photos. What age group do you associate them with? Be gS | 2 cardigan and fur slippers Wr tight jeans and a blazer and T-shirt with a slogan chinos aleathor miniskirt very short shorts© 2.23 Listen to a radio discussion about dressing your age. Match the clothes 1-5 in a to what the journalists say about them, A-F. There is one comment you don’t need. A. "They never suit an older person, B ‘Thay make younger men look older than they are’ C ‘Awoman in her 70s looked great in one: D ‘Middle-aged men tend to wear them a lot E ‘Older people should never wear clothes made of this materia, F "Your grandma probably won't lke them as a present’ Listen again and mark the opinions T (true) or F (false) Correct the F ones. Liza thinks that... 1. 90% of women cress younger than their age. 2 teenage girls would never dress older than their age. 2 ts fine for older women to wear trendy clothes. ‘Adrian thinks that... 4 very few men admit to dressing younger then their age. 5 Mick Jagger looks awful in many of the clothes he wears, 6 men normally wear a suit and tie to work In pairs, think about what the journalists said, and try to complete their fashion rules. Liza Wear whatever you think and makes you Adrian Dress for the age _ net for the age 2.24 Listen to the end of the discussion and check. Who do you agree with more, Liza or Adrian? Work in groups of three, and discuss three of the topics below. Take turns to be the presenter. The presenter chooses the topic and manages the discussion. Try to use the language from the box. ‘+ People should stop buying new clothes and buy more second hand and vintage clothes. ‘+ Men are just as interested in shopping for clothes as women, ‘+ Nowadays, nobody is prepared to suffer in order to look good, The most important thing is comfort. ‘+ You can tell a lot about someone's personality from the clothes they wear. ‘© Cheap fashion means exploiting people in less developed counties. P Managing discussions Let's start with you, (Liza) (Adrian,) what about...? Let's go back to... So, to sum up. Can you lat (Liza) finish? Sony. Go ahead. Politely disagrocing Sorry, but I don’t agree. {'m not sure about that True, but. agree up to a point, but... WRITING Imagine you have decided to sell two items of clothing on eBay. Write detailed descriptions, using the example below as a model. Set a starting price. Blue and white striped cotton shirt - Size M I Condition: New without tags lever wor! Wola lok great wth Jans, Peres or the sumer. £4.50 Now read some other students’ adverts. What would you like to bid for? eo VIDEO LISTENING Watch an interview about the Hiut jeans company. What do you think is the unique selling point (USP) of their jeans? Watch the interview again. Then make notes under the following categories. Description of jeans 1 Material: denim |/4 When David and Clare started it and why: 5 Who they employ: 6 How many pairs of jeans thoy produce per week 7 How they try to make their jeans | environmentally friendly: L Would you like to have a pair of Hiut jeans? Would you be prepared to join the no-wash club? Why (not)?Fd Revise and Check GRAMMAR 2 Complete the sentences with one word. 1 What were you and Sarah talking 3 2 You didn't lke her latest novel, you? 3. My father loves opera and so my mother. 4 A Ive been to India wice. 8 you? Id love to go. 5 What have you doing since last week? 2 4a the bus leaves _b leaves the bus € does the bus leave 2 How many people this computer? a douse b use ¢ does use 3 You're not eating much. ___ like the food? a Youdon't b Don'tyou ¢ Aren't you 4 & Why didn't you call me? B I__, but your phone was switched off a docall b didcalled ¢ didal 5 My parents are both blonde but my sisters don't b aren't ¢ are 6 __ three cups of coffee already this morning. a Ivebeenhaving b Ivehad ¢ |have 7. That was probably the worst flm 1 a I've everseen b I've never seen ¢ I've ever been seeing & | met___ at my language class today. a aSwiss b the Swiss ¢ a Swiss gir 9 Some people think that __ don't pay enough ten. fa the rich b the rich people ¢ rich 10 | gota ___ bag for my birthday. beautiful leather Italian b Italian leather beautiful © beautiful taian leather VOCABULARY a Complete the compound adjectives. 1 My boss is very bad- When things go wrong, he starts shouting at everyone. 2 tmvery -minded. end to forget things. 3 think Paul isa bit tight. He never spends money unless he absolutely has to. 4 Sylvia won't have any problems at the interview ~ she's very self. 5 That dress is vory ol It looks like the kind of thing my granny would wear, b Write words for the definitions. 1 bl (verb to lose blood from an injury 2 sw. {2q)) bigger than normal, especially because of an injury or infection 3 b____ (noun a piece of cloth used to tie round a part of the body that has been hurt 4t (noun) @ pein in one of your teeth Se (noun) an area of red spots caused by an illness or alleray ¢ Circldthe correct verb or verb phrase. 1 Ihave/ fee! a bit diy. I need to sit down, 2. She bumt sprained her ankle when she wras jogging. 3 Itwas so hot in the room that I nearly fainted / choked. 4 This skirt doesn't fit / suit me. It's 2 bit too big. 5 Can | go in jeans? | don’t fee! like getting dressed / changed. d_ Circleithe word that is different. striped. spotted plain patterned 1 2 silk cotton fur smart 3 collar sleeveless hooded long-sleeved 4 5 lycra scarf vest cardigan fashionable scruffy stylish trendy @ Complete with one word. 1 My mother hed very bad flu last week, but she's beginning toget itnow, 2 Please lie (on the couch over there. 3 fm feeling sick. I think 'm going to up. 4 Dowe realy need to dress_for the party tonight? 5 Please up your clothes in the wardrobe. PRONUNCIATION a Cirdethe word with a different sound. 1 ‘ache choke checked matcher injury striped sik blister allergic burt wear fur oo 2 RE conse oo tion wet a % 5 MET cough fu suit loose b_ Underline the main stressed syllable. 1 inerecibly «3 antibiotics 5 faishiojnable 2 big-healded 4 swimsuit