When it comes to constructing a new building, or refurbishing an existing one, consideration of the

building structure and design is vital in ensuring your finished project is enduring and safe.
Structural engineers use the laws of physics and knowledge of how different elements and materials
work to advise on the required structural elements. No matter how complex the project may appear,
most structural design can be achieved with a limited number of structural elements.

Column
A column is a structural element that passes the weight of a structure above on to the structural
elements below. Columns are often used to support beams or arches that hold up walls or ceilings.

Beams
A beam is a horizontal structure supported at both ends, often used to support downward-bearing
weights, such as floors, ceilings and roofs, by transferring the weight to a vertical structural
element, i.e. a wall or column. As well as gravitational forces, beams can also provide support for
horizontal forces, such as those created by earthquakes or strong wind.

https://ktastructures.co.uk/2020/07/31/six-structural-engineering-elements-and-how-they-work/

Roof
The roof forms the topmost component of a building structure. It covers the top face of the building.
Roofs can be either flat or sloped based on the location and weather conditions of the area.

Beams and Slabs

Beams and slabs form the horizontal members in a building. For a single storey building, the top
slab forms the roof. In case of a multi-storey building, the beam transfers the load coming from the
floor above the slab which is in turn transferred to the columns. Beams and slabs are constructed by
reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C).

Columns
Columns are vertical members constructed above the ground level. Columns can be of two types:
Architectural columns and structural columns. Architectural columns are constructed to improve the
building's aesthetics while a structural column takes the load coming from the slab above and
transfers safely to the foundation.

Walls
Walls are vertical elements which support the roof. It can be made from stones, bricks, concrete
blocks, etc. Walls provide an enclosure and protect against wind, sunshine, rain etc. Openings are
provided in the walls for ventilation and access to the building.

Stairs
A stair is a sequence of steps that connects different floors in a building structure. The space
occupied by a stair is called as the stairway. There are different types of stairs like a wooden stair,
R.C.C stair etc

Foundation
The Foundation is a structural unit that uniformly distributes the load from the superstructure to the
underlying soil. This is the first structural unit to be constructed for any building construction. A
good foundation prevents settlement of the building.

https://theconstructor.org/building/12-basic-components-building-structure/34024/
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application.
Developed and marketed by Autodesk,[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a
desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.[2] Before AutoCAD
was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers,
with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.[3] AutoCAD is also
available as mobile and web apps.
AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city
planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.[

STAAD or (STAAD.Pro) is a structural analysis and design software application originally

developed by Research Engineers International in 1997. In late 2005, Research Engineers
International was bought by Bentley Systems. ... It can apply more than 90 international steel,
concrete, timber and aluminium design codes.
https://www.bentley.com/en/products/product-line/structural-analysis-software/staadpro

PROKON is a Global business with a presence in more than 150 countries supporting multiple
languages. Every day, Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers and Engineering Technicians rely on
our software to help streamline their modelling, designing and detailing workloads. PROKON’s
success has been attributed mainly to the integrations, not only between our modules but also with
third-party software. For decades we have supported the next generation of engineers to gain an
advantage from theory to practise. For this very reason, PROKON offers the same analysis and
design software used by industry, to educational facilities and their students globally.
PROKON software was developed “For Engineers By Engineers”. That is why the name,
PROKON, has been trusted since 1989. Subsequently, the solutions have migrated through different
software platforms, design trends, and changes in technology. We now support a wide range of
workflows, deployments, licensing methods, software services, and various integrations.
By addressing clients’ changing needs, we support Engineers in their journey through technology.

GRAPHISOFT ARCHICAD Overview

GRAPHISOFT ARCHICAD 2021 is a powerful and advanced application designed and developed
with amazing tools and features through which users can easily perform their CAD tasks and
process CAD projects without switching between application.s The application has one-click
publishing, Photo Realistic rendering, High performance and accurate analysis which allows users
to design great building and structures. You can also download ContextCapture Editor CONNECT
Edition.
GRAPHISOFT ARCHICAD 2021 is packed with new features and various enhancements which
improves the whole working experience and allowing users to access tools and their functions with
fingertips. Now users can also collaborate with other projects and reduce the complexity through
real-time instant messaging. Algorithmic design tools and large model support let you do what you
do best: design great architecture. Understanding the model means decisions and changes can be
made in the early design phases, saving time, money and aggravation on the building site. You can
also download ActCAD Professional 2021.

Features of GRAPHISOFT ARCHICAD

Below are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after GRAPHISOFT ARCHICAD free
download.
1. Design, analyze models.
2. Simple and easy to use.
3. High performance and accuracy.
4. Fast and quick operations.
5. Supports collaborations.
6. Photorealistic rendering.