2) United States Patent oy ow 2 ay @ 6s) (3) on} 638) Monroe CHEMICAL FORMULATIONS AND THEIR USE IN NEUTRALIZING OR ELIMINATING opors: Applicant: Manus BB. Monroe, Sebastopol, CA ws) Inventor: Manus B. Monroe, Sebastopol, CA ws) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the team ofthis, patent is extended or adjusted under 35 USC. 154) by 34 days. Appl. No. 16280,112 Filed: Feb. 20, 2019 Prior Publication Data US 201910209450 1 Jul. 11, 2019 Related U.S. Application Data Continuation of application No. 14/758,399, filed as application No, PCT/US2013/029787 on Mar. 8 2013, sow abandoned. Im. cl, AGIK S368 (2006.01) AGL 218 (2006.01) AGL 9/14 (2008.01) ‘AGIL 9014 (2005.01) AGIK 02 (2006.01) A610 15/00 (2005.01), AGIK 826 (2006.01) 4611. 9701 (2006.01), « cee ABIK 8/365 (2013.01): AGIK 8/0283 GO13.01); AGIK 826 (2013.01); ABIL 278 (2013.01): A6IL 901 201301): AGLL 901d 013 01}; AIL 9114 2013.01): A610 1500 (201301) Fleld of Classification Seareh crc AGIK 810283 See application file for complete search history. USOIIIS4474B2 US 11,154,474 B2 Oct. 26, 2021 (10) Patent No.: (4s) Date of Patent: 66) References Cited US. PATENT DOCUMENTS. 3317372 A $1967 Hart etal. 43080 A 41082 Shah ota $0028 A 21990 Drheron ea S0076960 A 121991 ‘Hutchings eta e299 BL* "32001 Maurer CUD v6 2006'00S15% AI 32006 Arata a. anvoursiso7 AL 11006 Weta Sn0g145267 AL* "62008 Do 20090092571 AL_ 4/2009 Hirano eta 2000170932 AL* 7/2009 Aggarwal AOI 4412 2465 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS wo 2013013902 AZ 2013 * cited by examiner Sarah Alawadi (74) Autores, Agent, or Firm — Patent Success Strategies, LLC: David B. Waller Primary Bvaminer on ABSTRACT The present invention isa chemical formulation and method of using the chemical formulation to neutralize or eliminate ‘odors on a sure. In one aspect, the chemical formulation is an aqueous solution of multi-valent citate salts and a surfactant that may farther comprise a fragrance andlor @ color andior a chelating agent. The method comprises the steps of applying this formulation in sufiient volume to Satrate the surface thereby neutralizing or eliminating the ‘odor. In another aspect, the formulation of multivalent citrate salts may be applied in solid form to an odorous ‘aqueous solution of may be used o coat an absorbent matrix {hat is expected to receive an odorous aqueous solution, 5 Claims, No DrawingsUS 11,154,474 B2 1 (CHEMICAL FORMULATIONS AND THEIR USE IN NEUTRALIZING OR ELIMINATING ‘opors (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED s 'APPLICATIONS, ‘This patent application is @ continvation-in-pant applic tion of patent application Ser. No, 147758,399 filed 29 Jun. 2015 and claims the benefit of the fling date of PCT) {US2013/29787 filed 8 Mar. 2013 under 38 USC. § 371 STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY ‘SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT None INCORPORATION-BY:REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON COMPACT DISC None BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (1) Feld of the Invention » ‘The present invention relates to chemical formulations ‘and their use in neutralizing or eliminating odors. Spectl- cally, edors associated with decomposition, exerement, bio logical exeretions, microomganisms or the burning of plant 30 materia (2) Description of Related Act ‘Unpleasant odors can result from a variety of natural 35 sources including burning material, decomposing plant or animal material, animal exerement or excretions and micro- ‘organisms. Historically, these odors often wamed of poten tial dangers, The smell of smoke usually indicated fre. The smell of rotting meat could have meant the presence of predators. Water having an unsual smell gencrally meant void drinking, However, these concems have diminished ‘over time and today individuals ane more concerned with ‘eliminating these odors than the warnings they provided in the past. “The effeet of many unpleasant odors range in severity ‘rom being a nuisance to causing serious medical conditions ‘ncertain individuals. Consequently, there area large variety ‘of commercially available formulations for managing odors, These formulations attack eds through a number of chem cal processes that can cause health concemms and do not often ‘eliminate the odor. For example, one common process oF method iso introduce a fragrance that masks the unpleasant ‘odor. However, this can bocome a health problom for an Individual susceptible to tht odor if they are not able 10 recognize it and leave the area. Other methods use chemicals that are relatively safe in low concentrations but become health isk as concenttations rise from continued use of ‘increased exposure, Its also common to Use agents that kill ‘dor-producing microorganisms. However, i these agents ‘are inhaled they ean damage the symbiotie mieroorganisms necessary for proper health. Therefore, understanding the Sensory system of smell and how certain chemical com- pounds are able to produce the sensation of odors important Tor developing formulations to safely mitigate thee eect ‘The ability to smell, known as olfaction, is a complex process involving various parts ofthe brain and the mucous 0 o 2 branes lining the walls ofthe nasal eavity. The mucous ‘membranes, or olfactory epithelium, are composed of olfac- ‘ory neurons coataining cellule receptors, The number and type of receptors present will vary depending on the indi- Vignal. Detection oeeurs when the odorous componnds issolve in the mucous membrane and bind the cellular receptors. variety of different receptors interact with each fedogous compound. Their binding creates a neural impulse response comprising @ unique signal pattem that is trans- titted to the olfactory bulb, which is then relayed to the neocortex and hypothalamus. The neocortex Jeciphers these signal pattems allowing humans to discriminate and per ceive up to ten thousand different odors, ‘The hypothalamus activates smell-elated emotions and the olfactory relationships with memory and survival. These emotions repulate heat rate, blood pressure, respiration and gestive activity. The extent of the physical and mental allect depends on the chemical compounds and the ind- vidual’s memory association of that odor ‘The ability of smell w affect the physical, mental and emotional state ofan individual is generally proportional to the intensity ofthe odor and te frequency of exposure. This is because these chemicals enter the blood stream through the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, as well asthe ‘vid surounding the eyes and the surface of the skin Consequently, increased concentration or exposure 10 ‘unpleasant odors ean trigger unwanted reactions suet as Dbeadaehe and ivtation o the nose, eyes and throat. In ore serious reactions, asthma, hypersensitivity and anaphylactic shock ean result. The extent a this reation varies wit each individual and is dependent on their past exposure, pisical condition and the frequency, concentration, and duration of fn odor For a compound fo be edorous it must be eapable of centering @ gascous state and contain a chemical group that can be detected by olfaction. There area number of chemical groups that are known to produce odorous compounds ‘These include volatile organic compounds such a organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, amines, sulfides, thiols, indoles and phenols. The vapor pressure, or volatility, of compounds ‘containing these groupe olen falls rapidly with increasing ‘molecular size. Many of these compounds are produced from decaying matter or biological excretions while some are byproducts of microorganisms, For example, the com- pounds that produce body odor are the result of bacteria present in an incvidual’s perspiration and not the perspi tion itself Presently there are three common approaches to reduce ‘unpleasant odors, The most common isto apply a fragrance ‘that overpowers and masks the original odor. The competing scent is usually dispensed in the air where the odor is detected. In some eases, the unpleasant ador is replaced with ‘fragrance tht is more acceptable. U'S. Pat. No 8,192,723 discloses this type of composition. In other circumstances, the fragrance combines With the odor to produce @ new ‘undesirable odor. Unfortunately, because this approach does ‘ot neutralize the ador, i often returns ‘Many of these deodborizing compositions are adapted for jst or aerosol dispensing. However, convention! spray ingredients include compounds that ean allect an individ als health, These compounds include cocoamidopropyl betaine (a contact dermatitis agent, formaldehyde (a protein denaturant, skin sensitizer and probable carcinogen), mor- pholinium (an eye intant and skin sensitizer, adamantane ( neurocansinission contact blocker, systemic sensitizer and possible reactant with RNA), beazalkonium chloride (a skin sensitizer), triethylene glyeol (a neuromuscular depees-