CBSE Term Il 2022 a Class complete Theory Covering NCERT x | | Case Based Questions Short/Long Answer Type Questions vt 3 Practice Papers wes lc with ExplanationsKet: aa 2022 Mathematics | Class XIl lt dE EE complete Theory Covering NCERT [Bi case Based Questions BJ Short/Long Answer Questions 3 Practice Papers Authors Raju Regar Sagar Verma arihant ARIHANT PRAKASHAN (Schoo! Division Series)>arihant ARIHANT PRAKASHAN (School Division Series) © Publisher "No part ofthis publication may be e-procuced, stored na retrieval system or by ary means, tectonic. mechanical, photocopying, recording scanning web or otherwise without the writen Permission ofthe publisher. Anhant has obtained all th information inthis book fom the sources believed to be reliable and true. However, Arhant or its eaters or authors or ilistators dni take any ‘esporsibity forthe absolut accuracy of ary information published and the damage or loss suffered thereupon. Alldisputes subject to Meerut (UP) jurisdiction only. Administrative & Production Offices Regd. Office ‘Ramchhaye 4577/15, Agarwel Road, Darya Gan), New Delhi-110002 Tele:091-47630600, 43518550 * Headoftice Kalin, TP Nagar, Meerut (UP) -250002, Te: 0121-7156203, 7156208 % Sales & Support Offices ‘Agr Ahmedabad, Sengalur, Barely Chenna, Delhi, Guwat Hycerabod Jaipur, hans, Kolkata, Lucknow, Nagput & Pune. ISBN: 978-93-25796-91-1 5 PRICE: £200.00 PO No. :TXT-58-TO44005-11-21 Published by Arhane Publications (nia) td Forfurthe information about the books published by Arhant [og on to wrwanhantbooks.com or e-mail at infoearinantbookscom Fotowuson @ E]Contents CHAPTER 01 Integrals 1-38 CHAPTER 02 Application of Integrals 39-66 CHAPTER 03 Differential Equations 67-96 CHAPTER 04 Vector Algebra 97-124 CHAPTER 05 Three Dimensional Geometry 125-153 CHAPTER 06 Probability 154-184 Practice Papers (1-3) 187-196 Watch Free Learning Videos Subscribe arihant You Channel @% Video Solutions of CBSE Sample Papers @% Chapterwise Important MCQs @ CBSE UpdatesSyllabus CBSE Term Il Class XII One Paper Max Marks: 40 No. | Units Marks Mm Calculus ; 18 pe es Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry CALCULUS 1. Integrals Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration ofa variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them. dx_f_dx Itt dx dx eee | Geta We=2 ) ats bac | Vors bac tres Nraetere & Nase, [eae 7 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals. 2. Applications of the Integral ‘Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, parabolas; area of Circies/ellipses (in standard form only) the region should be clearly identifiable,3. Differential Equations Definition, oder and degree, general and particu! of differential equations by method of separation differential equations of first order and first degree of the type: differential equation ofthe type: 4y 4 py =q, where pand q are functions of x or constant: Jar solutions of a differential equation. Solution of variables, solutions of homogeneous 4 5 (y/x). Solutions of linear dx (gy VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 1. Vectors Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios ofa vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector ofa point, negative of a vector, components ofa vector addition of vectors, multiplication of @ vector bya scalar, position vector ofa point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, ‘Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors. 2. Three- dimensional Geometry Direction cosines and direction ratios ofa line joining two poi equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance ‘vector equation of a plane. Distance of a point from a plane. PROBABILITY 1. Probability Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution. jints. Cartesian equation and vector between two lines. Cartesian and Internal Assessment 10 Marks Periodic Test 5 Marks Mathematics Activities: Activity file record +Term end assessment of 5 Marks ‘one activity & VivaLT RAE RR CBSE Circular Exam Scheme Term | & Ill @tta crafts fren at (Raver sioner, rer wees area wen Fa TE) &yz=48 CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (Gn Autonomevs Oreniaten vd te Myo eee, Cort a) CBSEJDIR (ACAD)/2024 Date: July 05, 2021 Circular No: Acad-51/2021 All the Heads of Schools affiliated to CBSE Subject: Special Scheme of Assessment for Board Examination Classes X and Xil for the Session 2021-22 COVID 19 pandemic caused almost all CBSE schools to function in a virtual mode for most part of the academic session of 2020-21. Due to the extreme risk associated with the conduct of Board examinations during the second wave in April 2021, CBSE had to cance! both its class X and XIl Board examinations of the year 2021 and results are fo be declared on the basis of a credible, reliable, flexible and valid altemative assessment policy. This, in tum, also necessitated deliberations over alternative ways to look at the learning objectives as well as the conduct of the ‘Board Examinations for the academic session 2021-22 in case the situation remains unfeasible. CBSE has also held steke holder consultations with Government schools as well as private independent schools from across the country especially schools from the remote rural areas and a majority of them have requested forthe rationalization of the syllabus, similar to last year in view of reduced time permitted for organizing ‘online classes. The Board has also considered the concems regarding differential availabilty of electronic gadgets, connectivity and effectiveness of online teaching and. other socio-economic issues specially with respect to students from ‘economically Weaker section and those residing in far lung areas of the country. In a survey conducted by CBSE, it was revealed that the rationalized sylabus notified for the session 2020-21 was effective for schools in covering the syllabus and helped learners in achieving learning objectives in a less stressful manner. In the above backdrop and in ine with the Board's continued focus on assessing stipulated leaming outcomes by making the examinations competencies and core concepts based, student-centic, transparent, technology-driven, and having advance provision of alternatives for different future scenarios, the folowing schemes are introduced for the Academic Session for Class Xand Class Xl 2021-22 ARATE esaaa arate fren ae Rarer siarerey, ee Beene a ote as aT ATT) CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (an Atenomous Organisation under te Ministry Education, Govt. fin) Special Scheme for 2021-22 ‘A. Academic session to be divided into 2 Terms with approximately 50% syllabus in each term: The syllabus for the Academic session 2021-22 will be divided into 2 terms by following a systematic approach by looking into the interconnectivty of concepts and topics by the Subject Experts and the Board will conduct ‘examinations at the end of each term on the basis of the bifurcated syllabus. This is done to increase the probability of having a Board conducted classes X and XII examinations at the end of the academic session. B. The syllabus for the Board examination 2021-22 will be rationalized similar to that of the last academic session to be notified in July 2021. For academic transactions, however, schools will follow the curriculum and syllabus released by the Board vide Circular no. F.1001/CBSE- ‘Acad/Curriculum/2021 dated 31 March 2021. Schools will also use alternative academic calendar and inputs from the NCERT on transacting the curriculum. ©, Efforts will be made to make Internal Assessment! Practical Project work more credible and valid as per the guidelines and Moderation Policy to be announced by the Board to ensure fair distribution of marks. Details of Curriculum Transaction © Schools will continue teaching in distance mode till the authorities permit i person mode of teaching in schools. * Classes IX-X: Internal Assessment (throughout the year-irespective of Term | and |I) would include the 3 periodic tests, student enrichment, portfolio and practical work/ speaking listening activities/ project. + Classes XI-XIl: Internal Assessment (throughout the year-irrespective of Term | and ||) would include end of topic or unit tests/ exploratory activities! practicals/ projects. * Schools would create a student profile for all assessment undertaken over the year and retain the evidences in digital format. * CBSE will facilitate schools to upload marks of Intemal Assessment on the CBSE IT platform. * Guidelines for Internal Assessment for all subjects will also be released along with the rationalized term wise divided syllabus for the session 2021-22.The Board would also provide additional resources like sample assessments, question banks, teacher training etc. for more reliable and valid internal assessments.He arate frat ats (fore sear, reer eer a area ER ATTA TOT) (Ar Autcromous Organisation unde the Mins! Education, Goro nla) ‘Term | Examinations: * At the end of the first term, the Board will organize Term | Examination in a flexible schedule to be conducted between November-December 2021 with a window period of 4-8 weeks for schools situated in different parts of country and abroad. Dates for conduct of examinations will be notified subsequently. + The Question Paper will have Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) including case-based MCQs and MCQs on assertion-reasoning type. Duration of test will be 90 minutes and it will cover only the rationalized syllabus of Term 1 only (i.e. approx. 50% of the entire syllabus). * Question Papers will be sent by the CBSE to schools along with marking scheme. + The exams will be conducted under the supervision of the External Center Superintendents and Observers appointed by CBSE. * The responses of students will be captured on OMR sheets which, after scanning may be directly uploaded at CBSE portal or alternatively may be evaluated and marks obtained will be uploaded by the school on the very same day. The final direction in this regard will be conveyed to schools by the Examination Unit of the Board. ‘+ Marks of the Term 1 Examination will contribute to the final overall score of students. ‘Term II Examination/ Year-end Examinati _ © Atthe end of the second term, the Board would organize Term Il or Year- end Examination based on the rationalized syllabus of Term Il only (Le. ‘approximately 50% of the entire syllabus). © This examination would be held around March-April 2022 at the examination centres fixed by the Board. * The paper will be of 2 hours duration and have questions of different situation, we formats (case-based/ situation based, open ended- short answer! long havegiven | answer type). Pasay beth McQsand| (4. in ease the situation is not conducive for normal descriptive examination a 90 a A minute MQ based exam will be conducted at the end of the Term Il also, ich Chapter. | «Marks of the Term Il Examination would contribute to the final overall score. | REREAD teedbrere miro CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Nei aliiiandabate sentir, fore ats b= CENTRAL SonRO OF SECONDARY EDUCATION ifferent situations ‘Assessment / Examination as per ‘A. Incase the situation of the pandemic improves and students are able to ‘come to schools or centres for taking the exams. Board would conduct Term | and Term Il examinations at schools/centres and the theory marks will be distributed equally between the two exams. B. In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools during November-December 2021, but Term Il exams are held at schools or centres. Term | MCQ based examination would be done by students online/offline from home - in this case, the weightage of this exam for the final score would be reduced, and weightage of Term II exams will be increased for declaration of final result. ©. in case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools during March-April 2022, but Term | exams are held at schools or centres. Results would be based on the performance of students on Term | MCQ based examination and internal assessments. The weightage of marks of Term | examination conducted by the Board will be increased to provide year end results of candidates. D. In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools and Board conducted Term | and Il exams are taken by the candidates from home in the session 2021-22. Results would be computed on the basis of the intemal Assessment/Practical/Project Work and Theory marks of Term-| and Il exams. taken by the candidate from home in Class X / XII subject to the moderation or other measures to ensure validity and reliability of the assessment. In all the above cases, data analysis of marks of students will be undertaken to ensure the integrity of internal assessments and home based exams. 4, Dr. Josephmmanuel Director (Academics)Integ In this Chapter... ‘¢ Fundamental Theorem of In « Evaluation of Definite Integral by Substitution Integration as an Inverse Process of Differentiation Let Pix) and f(x) be two functions: ‘connected together such that Sn) = f(t, then Flx) is called integral of f(2) or indefinite integral or anti-derivative. xe L ro)= J) then for any arbitary constant a ' qlftcl= fo) ‘Thus, A(x) +C is also an anti-derivative of f(x). Actually, there exist infinitely many anti-derivative of afanetion which ean be obtained by choosing C arbitrarily from the set of real numbers Hence, {f(x) dr = Fx) +C, where C is au arbitrary constant (also called constant of integration) and symbol "|" indicates the sign of integration Some Standard Formulae Indefinit (Antider Derivatives ees bets L « Integration as an Inverse Proces rals Differentiation _ by Partial Fraction egralCalculus ge ad Indefinite integrals reece (Anti-derivatives) a 2 dae Jansee Roh sine ee a 3 Flbinz) = cose Jeoss de =sinz + Jains ds =-conr +6 d 2 5. Zltans) Jooctx de = tnx +C Joos de = cote +6 a «Emenee d 1 diwesjewertae ——_fisoctinr denser +6 8 {eoscer cotzds =~ coseer +6 9. ee sin +o a— ae Indefinite integrals OS (Anti-derivatives) Aerts) = 1, ae i+ Bhi 1 1 Reed = Scoecty= i fe tee o eg nea oP 15, Seer=e Jetdrmetsc @ 1 T 16, Loghe) =* fe ae=togls| +6 pee Gelloga Note While solving an integral, constant of inesration should be wien, otherwise answer would be wrong. Properties of Indefinite Integrals (i) The process of differentiation and integration are inverse of each other. aia i ie. al iteide = flx)and f(x)de= f(x) where, Cis any arbitrary constant. (i) Two indefinite integrals with the same derivative lead to the same family of curves and so they are equivalent. (i) J (7) te@de= J fla)de+fe(e)de tiv) J &- fla) de=h-f f(2)ek where kis any non-zero real number. (¥) Properties (ii) and (i) can be generalised to a finite number offmction, i. if fy, fg, fy are functions and ,, Kgs ig are non-zero real numbers, then JU: fi ths fala) +..tk, fy (side hy ffileide thy fale) det .tk, ff, (side ‘Note if more than one constant of integration is used while solving the integral, then atthe end ofthe solution write only one constant of ‘ncegration Integration by Substitution ‘The method of reducing a given integral into one of the standard integrals by a proper substitution is called method of substitution, To evaluate an integral ofthe type { f{g(x)}-2’(x) de, we substitute g(x) =, so that 8 (x)de=dt. erdart fatten +cerdeat a CBSE Term Il | Mathematics xi) Some Standard Formulae Some standard formulae for integrals involving trigonometric functions are given below. These formulae are obtained by using substitution technique, @J tanxdr=—log| cos x] +€ = log|seex| +C (i) [ cote de = log|sinx| + (ii f seer de = log|seex + tan x]+C Gv) J cosecx dr = log] eosecx ~ cots] +C ‘Some Important Deductions = dy = Cart byt (J (ox4b)"ae= sar) number. (WJ sin (ar +b) de = 208 (a+), 6 r _sin(ae+b) (ti) J cos (ar+b) de = ae 4+C,n#—I and nis arational Gi) J tan (a +bjde =—1 og Joos (ar+b)]40 = Log [see (ax +5) +6 * (9) J cot (ax+b) de = log |sin (ax+b)|+C oof see (ar+D) dem? Tog |seo(ax+b)+tan (ax+b)| +6 (sf eosee (ax +b) ds = 1 og |coseo(ar+) ~cot (ex+)|+C (it) J see (a+b) tan (ac8) d= 2 seo(ar+b)+C (is) f cosee (a+b) cot(ax+b) de =~ deosee(ar+b)+C o (9) J seo® (ar-+b) de=*tan (ax+b)+ J cosec® (ax +b) de =~ oot (ax+b)+0 aonb (xt) fel a te ame (ai fo d= +0 mlog, a ‘Note Above integral can be derived by substkuting ax+ b= and dealt. | | |CBSE Term Il | Mathematics XII Some Standard Integrals and Methods to Evaluate _ Integral ethods — To ovalunte, we expressin” x oF cos"8) in terms snes and cosines of multiples fs For which we use the fllowing trigonometric identities sin? de eres or feos? xd where, <3 Users (isin? v= (a}oos? x “To valuate these ype ofintogal, sty multiply and divide by 2 and then use the following trigonometrical identities Dsin AcosB =sin( A+ B)+sin (A~B) eos Asin B=sin( A+ B)~sin(A~B) 2covAeosB = cos(A+B)+ cost AB) 2sin Asin B (A -B) - cos(A +B) ‘To evaluate these type of integral, firstly te the given integra as Jinn” sects) seo! x dor sinpe cos qr dx, Jsinne in ged, cos pcos ax de tan x see de (or ‘cot? x eosee*x ds) here pang eN —— foat?xCooscc!x)*“!-coect x de and (orcot _then put tan ~ awe To evaluate these type of integral, firstly tan’? *"x sect"! xdvor write the given integral as cot? *Hxcosec!™ ede, ftan? x)" (soc?) "see x tax dr where p and q are (or f (cot? x)" (cosce*s}* ent x cosees dx) non-negative integers and putscex= t(Oreosees= t) To evaluate it use the following Ips odd, then put eos x=¢ If q is odd, then puts == 1 1ipand q both are 04, then put either sinx=torcoss=t. sin? x cos" x de where, agen Ifpand q both are oven, then express sin?x 60s" in terms ofsines and cosines of multiples ofx by using trigonometric results ‘To evaluate il, change the integrand sin?” x cos? xin terms of tan x and sec! x by diving nmmerator‘and denominator Ly eos! x, where k ==(p + q)and then, substitute tan pq eQandptqisa nogative even integer Some Special Integrals Hero, we discussed some standard formulae with their proof and the methods to solve some other standard integrals with the help of these formulae. ‘Some Standard Substitutions which are Useful in Evaluating Integrals Expression Substitution 1 Past orva?—x* = asin Oo acos® a ae storia te x =atan 8 oracot® Pordehoa? = asec 8 ora cosec 8 ere [eae xo 00s A arn "Vere i or Yeas) x=cccost@ + Bsin’@ x=asin®@orx =acos*O 1 oe saacitanraste Integral of the Type | —-“* — ax? + bx+e dr Suppose given integral is of the form ——“"—. then J ax? +hx+c take @ common from denominator to make coefficient of x* de uni, ie. = J ——#— (= obseS) aa Add and mbit é ] fiom denominator and try to write denominator in the form X* +k* ork? . where, X? = (: +4) and k? a,ga CBSE Term Il | Mathematics xi Now, substitute xt = ¢ and reduce the integral obtained in Integral Substitution doa 1 at Pata=roos8 and = sin®, whore step I into one of the form 1 ft gg L p_ ae a : Fatal lSaeeteae 1 NEST and dx z Vax? + bx+¢ J aebsints Integral of the Type [ ‘To evaluate such integrals, we do same steps as previous __ () Divide numerator and denominator integral. The only difference is that, here reduced integral ees by cos*s. (obtained afer step 1) wil be ofthe form + ft Sa pamty — W Redueesee!xin denominator a f seaybinte asl-+tan'x i dt ns ‘and (iii) Put tanz = t and proceed for perfect = » which ean be integrated by usit nitable (asinx + beosx)* square. Ja “a ae (eae hee formulae. laa xt coos! Se, Integral of the Types {—X*@_ ay and Motil eelt ieee . Types J ax?+ bx+e =A esinz+ dcoss) PK+G oy ae ae asin + books +Blesine +d cos la bese J . : esint Fa cos (i) Obtain the values of A and B by ‘To evaluate such integrals, we firstly write the numerator Santas On oe ienis aan x ; and eas on both sides petq= dot tbe +o} + B= A(Qar+b)+B (is Pat the value ofa sinx + b eos xin the given integral and integrate it Then, find Aand Bby comparing the coefficients of like OWoiteasins + beosz+e powers of x from both sides, Now, put the resultant value of id (pv+q) in given integral and then given integral is reduced AT (sin x +q cos +r) to one of the known forms which can be integrated easily. j= xt boosxte Bipsi 40 sense bens te + Binsin +g osx tr ‘Some Standard Integrals and Substitutions for Them 2 a Gi) Obtain the values of A, Band G by oeernneaeat gl: ‘equating the caellicients of sin x, Integral Substitution ‘cos x and constant term. integral Substitutiom _eah® Gi) Pot the value of asin +b cos.x + 6 ee Put cose = 2. then put tan * in the given integral and integrate it. atbeost 1+ tant S = Divide numerator and denominator by x” and make a perfect. square as L ay, tan th aren (= J indenominator and substitute a Putsins = —2, then put tan Nata x ‘abs Te ue Pl he given integra ofthe frm J 28, phe Rs then fist dy 1 2dr write the given integral ag f ——@* 2 de 1-ta' ss T p(x? 1) (x71) 1 (+1) andcos = a - fo act J——* wea oI Tmie wee fs Ja hia} farther integrate easth a (Replace! + oat inte sumertor “LSP } ally. ar 7 de leet Savina Put preg (Gi) Pot tan ds sg {eederae le teeareCBSE Term Il | Mathematics XII pg Integral Substitution & ae a Veranlatrieveinam a=! oe ee re (oe + qyloct +b ‘ Integration by Partial Fraction Sormetimes, an integral of the form f oat dts, where P(x) and Q(z) are polynomials in x and Ql) # 0, also Q(x) has only Jinear and quadtatie factors given to us, if we cannot integrate it directly or by previous methods, then we use the partial fractions. For this, firstly we have to know partial fraction decomposition which is given below Partial Fraction Decomposition According to nature of factors of Q(x), corresponding form of the partial fraction i given below. Form ofthe rational ‘Form ofthe partial one funetion fraction A t xia’ rth ee mig a B te Gta (key integrand a and decompose it into suitable partial fraction Xa) form by above method and then integrate ‘each term by using, suitable method to get the required answer, Integration by Parts Let uand v be two differentiable functions of a single variable x then the integral of the product of these two functions Ise function x Integral of the IInd. function — Integra) of (Derivatives of Ist function Integral of the IInd function) d ef nparauf ode | (Lt0f eae) fin the product, two functions are of different types. then take that Finction as first function (jc. u) which comes first in word ILATE, where 1 + Inverse trigonometric function. e.g sin“ x L ; Logarithmic function, e.g. logy ‘A. Algebraic function eg. Lx" T $ Trigonometric function. e.g. sim x, cos = EB. > Exponential function. e.g. e" Note a rie integrand contains alogaritumi or an inverse wigonomevic function and the Second function is not given, we take second function as 1eg Inthe integral off sin” xo, we take second funcoon as unity (ie 1 ‘ov incogration by pans 6 not apicable in all cases, For instance, the method does rot work for | (esinxcde The reason is that there does a —etete A 2: a not exist any function whoke derivative is Je sinx. Giowtbate Gre Gt Gee : : (vee) Se eh *° some More Special Types of Integrals pet tqetr ae Here, we will discuss some more special types of integrals, (ta(x2b) which can be proved by using integration by parts and wigir directly used to evaluate the given integrals. & 2a 2 : (rea tb) i ~Slogler VF a2 +6 (a0 Ptbte x byt cemmotbe factorsed further _pttartr (xtaj(s® tbvte) Method of Solving Integral by Partial Fractions Suppose given integral is ofthe form fae ds, where P(x) 8 and Q(x) are polyniomials in vane Q(x} # 0. Then, to evaluate such integrals by partial fraction, we firstly take the given : log|x+ yx? +a7]+C Integral of the Type fe” [f(x) +f°(x)] ox In this type of integral, integrand is the product of two functions. One is in exponential form and second function is the sum of two functions in whieh one is derivative of other function. Then, to evaluate such integrals, we directly use the following formula Je Lf) + fdr =et fla) +eFundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus First Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus Let f be a continuous function defined on the closed interval (a, bland Alx)be the area of function, ie, Asd= ff! fladde Then, A(x) = f(s} forallxe [a, b} ‘Second Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus Let f be a continuous fimetion defined on the closed interval a, Djand Phe an antisderivative of f. Then, fire [AIS = Rb) — a) Inother words, [” f(x) dx = Value ofthe anti-derivative F of Fat the upper limit b - Value of the same anti-derivative at the lower limit a Evaluation of Definite Integral by Substitution ‘There are several methods for finding the definite integral. One of the important methods for finding the definite integral isthe method of substitution. To evaluate f(x) by substitution, we use the following steps 1. Consider, the given integral without limits) i.e. f(x) de and substitute some part of integrand as another variable (cay t), such that its differentiation exist in the integral, so that the given integral reduces toa known form, TL Integrate the new integral with respeet to the new variable without mentioning the constant of integration, IIL Replace the new variable by the original variable in the answer obtained in step TL IV, Find the difference of the values ofthe answer, obtained in step UL atthe upper and lower limits. CBSE Term Ii | Mathematics x1, Properties of Definite Integrals Some important properties which will be useful in evaluating the definite integrals are given below Cf sea ac= fi seoae “This property shows that, the value ofa definite integral does not change if the variable is changed. (i 700) de =~ f° fl) de ‘This property shows that, when we interchange the limits, then it changes by negative sign Special ease [ f(x) d= 0. Cf! Fla) de= f° fla) def! fad, where a< eb Special ease Ifa 3t-2=A(2t-T4B a) 2 det = 3t-2=2At-7A+B = * 3 (On equating the coefficient of t and constant term from both 1 a sides, we get a(e—8e canada’ “y and -TA+B=-2 aie — s+ = {adding and subtracting by (4)* from denominator] [from Eq, (i)) [veers 8) Example 12. Find fees dx. [cBsE 2020) Sol, Let I= fsce'rde = freer se" “uh wo : 3 2, Td 2 al, where, toa eser facets dr ~ ff 4 scexface'r ew Aaa Jocteae f[d xerfn'e tt Pur?-74 = => (2t-Tdt=dy {using integration by parts] hen, 429 f= Zone wr tanx ~ fscestany tans de ye =scortans ~ forextan' x dr Bhoglt® 74+ 19] caea= eccenaceme 5 pacat = Bogs! x- ssertuns - fuck de + farce dz a ssertane = 1+ focex de [et =snx) soertane + fcc de Sf = seeetans + Infsece + tan + C 1 + Liniseex + tana] + C et 1 1 te Leeertans + Lnfooe + tana + pinbooes + tana + €#10 | CBSE Term Il | Mathematics x5 Example 13. Evaluate Example 15. Find f pA teeta*+1)-2t0e 60) 2 ~~ a INcERT] Sol, Let =f a ae Dsl fee; a he E (e-3)” (-3)° Fine 22) : a a ale fe [nto toon‘ tents] =Je Ute Plas, where fs) = — rfla+e be] AUfla) +f de=6'f(a) +c] +c [:10- 5] wl) de “ear 3 Example 16, Evaluate [“" sec? de. [CBSE 2029) 4 Sol tat [sects de=(tans] ot) 2) mtn (tan) fetan(—0)=~tn t E cruise \ {using integration by parts) Saran ode et foe stmt a ] =axie2 (tan /4=1) ale loge -4_ 4.06. 3 372) Example 17. Evaluate" Jsin} cos® 6d. Sol Let 12)" Peo? 9dp =f GG cos cos 6 do it = 5B sin?) cos 9 do Now, ptsin §=t= 00s lo = dt Example 14. Find J /4—(e+1)? dz. facta Lower limit When @ = 0, then =0 Sol, Let 1= [ Ya=G4 1 dx Upper limit When 9 =F then t=1 =| Paty ac Now, 1= fF — 1 dex Vit. 208) at oe pa mined aoe sit ign - an a 1 2s otsin{ £ See yer + ots (Je kg me [: j far ole “F +e?) oc] [fred ton} -afz+1 a lo [en arta)? + Asin (Ze ei taet ie, [etext] ST Txax7 "2aCBSE Term II | Mathematics XII de cos! x /2sin 2x Example 18, Evaluate iP Sol. wale ee a wl costa taam reo [sin 2 =2sn0 co) ae lo rod tea Lpet__de lye secx ae areas {dividing numerator and denominator by cos* x) yet se oY we fan's) de f.rsec@ - tan?@ =I] Now puttanx=1 sae = Lower limit When x = 0, then t = lan0 = Upper limit When x = 4, then ¢= ne i Li(tse)actfensena Lge 4 Be =i +h ‘| =v? + Loy els Example 19. Evaluate L+sinX’ [CERT Exemplar] Sol Let 1= ff A at “ nes nant wll =) ate h to i) On adding Bap. () and Gi), we get a=) an eft sind jo (> sina = sine) "hy ate anf oe's~ tne sees de eff sct deaf seo tne = ftanr]5 — nsec 15 = aftanx ~see z)5 =x{tann ~sce x - tan 0+ sec 0) = 2fenfo+1-0+1) = aan =n xtanz de. Example 20. Evaluate j," et = SBE de “ 0 sec + tan pt imei (as) gy + unin -3) { [saraeefifie-na] Sol. Let 1= lo Sele —2) fr minal a Jo Tsec x — tan = raft SOB a i) D Sex = tant On adding Eqs. (i) and (i), we get Naar ue ae ft ee "Jy Geer = tans) (secx ~ tink anf fume seer tants 4. sects tans an{[ ff sox tard [P tnés ds] ‘op a] = nllsc0n ~ see0) ~ tans 0 [(=1 =1) = {ita ~ x) ~(tan0 = 099) =x[-2- (=n) -O=R (2-2) (x-2)__ Chapter ~ Practice Ra Objective Questions * Multiple Choice Questions 1. The value of integral J JI-+sin Bx dis (@)sins + cosr +C (o)eoss ~sinx +C ()sinx ~ cose + C (@)-sinz ~cosr +C 2 2. Find the value of integral sl } dx from the following @xt+arstac 2 () 5-2 + logs +0 oF Ex 3. The anti-derivative ale + toa re: @ 13400 +0 2 5 Savi FS 2 oy Bayle (o) Fx? tae +e @ Freee +e 4. The value of integral Jsin™(cosx) dx is << # Ryt worry re Ogextc nx @orgte cos 2x +2sin® x 5. The value of integral eee aris cos? (0) ~tanx + tans + (© cots +6 (@)-cotr+C 6. The value of integral [ tan (522) is ws were (t+ 1 7. The value of integral { sin 3x cos 4x de is bn = M 2 S % MW 2 a fe) “oe Cc @— = Cc . The value of integral dx is ws Sa (2) logit tx] +¢ ()log|t=2*|+¢ © Floehssti+c —— @Lgli-s"|+0 9. The value oftategal | de is +? @eh sc WHer40 @-e™ +e 040 10, The value of integral + loge)® (a Sebo 5 (x +1)(x + log x) dels = (ut loess | 3 jl (x+loge) | (x4 logs)? © 3 c {d) 2 +¢ 11. The value of integral J de is x+x = (e) logit + logs} )loght ~logy}+ (©) —log|l + logr|+ C (2) -logll - logal+ C 12, The value of f ——8*_g (1+sinx)(2+sinx)— (NCERT] arr oe Co log 2=822 4c (ool 82 x(x?+1) = [NCERT] Liogtat (o)loalsl ~Flog(s*+1) +0 Vega? (b)loalel + Blogs? +1) +6 1 ()-logls| + + lo ff )-logle| + 5 Toni! + 1) + 1 2 (A) load + lox(x? #1) +‘CBSE Term Il | Mathematics XII 14, The value of integral ints equals (a) log FI (og =241+€ (©) log| (@) log (x 1) (2-2) +6 15. The value of integral f xe*de is (a) —te® =e +C (b) -re¥ +e +E (we +e @xt+e +e 16. The value of integral fxlogs de is Fe (9 Slopes +0 z x (Flows tee 11. If xsinx de =-x cosx +0, then a. is equal to (a)sins + (b) eosx +C (sins + (@) None ofthese 18, The value of integral [ e* (sin x + cos x) de is (o) -e*sinz + (bjesinz+C (c) -e* cosx+C (dje*cosr+C 19. fe® seex (1+ tanx)dr equals (b) e*seex+C @) ef tnx 4+ () ef cose +6 (ef sinx+€ 20. The value of [°(x +e™)dvis 1s +eF 15 @ 3 ) 15 --15 oy @ 21. The value of f(4x° ~5x? + 6x +9) de equal to ot a “ «4 ® 132 o® @ 182 tag 22. The value of integral f, —T*— dvs € woo) mt : : a= oz 23, Find the value off |v 5k is [cBSE 2020] 6 5 W)- fo) 2 o 3 oF ax 24, The value of integral f/ —*— dx is equal to Le (a) O41 (b) -V2-1 () Va-1 @) NB+1 28. The value of integral f°,5x‘Va° +1dxis lh oa ) -- 3 4 @3 2 ue 0X de js 26, ic ‘cos xe" *dx is equal to iNcenr oy Gert e-1 @e @-e 3 1 27. The value of integral [) aes” is (a) Jog) - log3] (b) log} + logs} ©) log) - log (d) log] + log 2) a “1 26. 1 tan(sin7 x) dr equals {case 200) 2 wo (-1 (i 29. The value of [°"" tan dx is (@) log } logs (co) log2-2 (d) None of these 231 30. dy is equal to I 4+9x* eee [NCERT) 5 x ws ws x 5 wz @% 34. The value of integral (cos? xde is z x w “— b) = x x wt wt 32. The value of integral [,"* cos® x dis wo wr fot we ei rg 38. The value of J" sin? x cos? x d¥i8 cen Exemplar] wo wr @-t we* Case Based MCQs 34. Following Paragraph given to student by the teacher The given integral J f(x)dv can be transformed into another form by changing the independent variable x to t by substituting x =g(t), Consider I =f fix)dx Putx=g(t)so that =e'(t) We write dx =g'(t)dt Thus, 1= J fiaadr=f flied ‘This change of variable formula is one of the important tools available to us in the name of integration by substitution. ‘On the basis of above information, answer the following questions. (@ Evaluate f 2xsin (x* +1)dr. (a) -sin(x* +1) +6 (e)sin(x? +1) +€ ()-cos(x* +1) +6 (4) None of these Gi) Evaluate (a) -¥32-F +C (b) Va242* + (o) V64—x' (a) V32-x? 40 ‘inet (18) Evaluate [82@t=0*) ge a+ sina(tantx) __cos2{tan™'x) aa ee emai ye 22nd, (iv) Solve f ay weed) mitesy"s (@) None of these 2 1,2 od(is4) +0 036 3) a cos ge vi-x? (sins) Lg () Evaluate J @ CBSE Term Il | Mathematics Xi) 35, In Angrish Academy School, class teacher of XIIth | class teaches the topic of definite integration. Pe Meee TEf(x)is the continuous function, integral of f(x) over the interval [o,b]is denoted by [ f(e)de fi ferae =r =1Rb)— Fe] On the basis of above information, answer the following questions. ® [ister is equal to 1 278 2 we 407 2 id), 3 L «@ ff is deis equal to x we woe (3 z ® eF we 1 (ii) f/,(2+3)deis equal to (a2 we (-1 @-6 (iv) [Fe*drequas to @t Wee! e-1 OP -— (0) fic cquas to 2 Sle logs 3 (oho (@logeCBSE Term it| Mathematics Xil 36. IF f(x) is a continuous function defined on [0, a], then [2 f(s) ax = f° flax) de. Using the above information, answer the following questions. Slade (i equal to 0G TRerea faa o> (2 (ii) TF f(x) = SPH O8™ then, AE =») equal to, T+sinxeos 2 ese ©) fix) ©F5 fe) i) ff F(x) dx is equal to ws we wo (@) None (iv) If efx) =log(t + tan 2), then, (3 7 ) is equal to ay (@)og2~a(x) log (etx) —log2 @t log 2+ efx) (0) [fa dri equal to 4 toes ) Flog? (Flog (@)~F log 37. Fora function f(x) if f(-x)=flx), then f(x) is an even funetion and f(x) =~ f(a), then f(x) is a odd function. Again, we have Jrwer= 2 S(x)de, if fle)is even —- 0, if f(x)is odd ‘Using the above information, answer the following questions. () fa) =2° sin visa (@)even ©) oda (c) Neither even nor odd (a) None of these (i) i f(x) de is equal to (0) = a @) i (b) 20 oe @o @} (ii) Ifg{x) =xsin x, then [* xsin x dvis @* (b) an on (@4n (iv) fe _|sinx]deis equal to 0 1 2 @s () [[8,sin’ x dss equal to @0 1 (oz @r PART Subjective Questions © Short Answer Type Questions 1 verify [ES a= x—log|(2x+3)"| +C. INCERT Exemplar} a Bratt (72-4 Jose Ja 3. Evaluate f(e"P** + °F +6882) de. 4. Evaluate J a mva+iee sin? x +oos* x 8. Find J de. = (CBSE 2019] 6, Evaluate f2*9e08* 3, sin? x 7. Find f /1—sin 2 de, = x dx = tdi 1 (OS eye ave Put +x? 25, (@)Let t= fi setVP +1 de Patt as +1 dt =5s de Lower thea =0 Upper limit When =1, then #=2 ‘Thus, asx varies from —1 to 1, t varies fom 0 to 2 Therefore, fi s='Ve 41 de = [Vide 26, (by Let T= [""*coss eM Putsins =¢=9 cosx de = dt Lower limit When Kies 1 + logs) Now, putting logx =¢ = Lax at Lower limit When x=1, then =logh =» ¢=0 Upper limit When «= thon = log3 _jisd_dt cs Now; 1= {7 Teg eelt + ele =log| 1 + log 3| —log|1 + 0 =log| 1 + log 3| —logi =log| 1+ log3|-0 log| 1+ log 3] ans) de fan a (x =} [> log =0) > tan(tan%0) =6) “igs Putlng! at >-Sede = dtsonde = fee ek hen sore Upper Bit When na t= 0 HA pede Lege e-fo-1)= rah Se He = 10-1 CBSE Term II | Mathematics Xi 20, Lat T= ff tan xd =(-loseosel aero (lle op r¥t get =Hbe Fy + logl =-loga-"? + 0=5 log? gt flog) = 0and loge” = log] ag 2p 30, ()tett= ole ( - lita) tan “{0)): 31, (Let T= [ead vl [+ ff nende= Jj sea] ra sata ola) ‘On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 21= "(stat + costs) =f tas (esin®@ + cos*0=1) = a=[eh* = = iat! 4 92, (a) Let I= "cos! nde =2[" co x de [i fteide = 29x) ds, fl2a x)= fr here cod (28 —1}=co? = Mee [ [iFw-0 7 cot x bere cos® (x ~2) 99, (o) We have, I= |" sin’xcos* x de JG) =sin?s cost S(-x) =sin°(-1)c08*(—2) =— fx) Since, f(x) is an odd function, [isotecosts de 0 34.) W)Lett= [2esin(s?+ 1dr Puts? 4150 = ede mde [differentiating both sides wrt-3) Now, 1= fsinvdo = 0080+ e=~cos(a? +1) +0