1

Artificial Intelligence
Lecture 6
Fuzzy Logic
 Lecture Agenda 3

❑ Class Attendance
❑ About Research Paper writing & Wednesday class task…
❑ Mid Exam Discussion…
❑ Presentation Schedule
❑ AI 1st Generation.. Fuzzy logic
AI Historical Perspective 4
The Golden Years (1956-1974)

2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
 AI Historical Perspective 5
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 6
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……

❑ The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by scientist Lotfi
Zadeh (father of fuzzy logic).
❑ Fuzzy logic had, however, been studied since the 1920s, as infinite-valued logic—notably by
Łukasiewicz and Tarski.[4]
 AI Historical Perspective 7
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ Fuzzy means “Vague”

❑ Represents the uncertainty (unlike Boolean logic of 0 / 1 )

 AI Historical Perspective 8
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ Fuzzy means “Vague”

❑ Represents the uncertainty (unlike Boolean logic of 0 / 1 )

 Crisp logic (crisp) is the same as boolean logic(either 0 or 1)

 AI Historical Perspective 9
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……

❑ Represents the uncertainty (unlike Boolean logic of 0 / 1 )

❑ For Example
I have eaten too much food?
 AI Historical Perspective 10
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……

❑ Represents the uncertainty (unlike Boolean logic of 0 / 1 )

❑ For Example
I have eaten too much food?
How much food is too much?
 AI Historical Perspective 11
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 12
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 13
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 14
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 15
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 16
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 17
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 18
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 19
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 20
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 21
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 22
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 23
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
❑ Fuzzy Logic…… The Golden Years
 AI Historical Perspective 24
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 25
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
❑ Fuzzy Logic…… The Golden Years
 AI Historical Perspective 26
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
❑ Fuzzy Logic…… The Golden Years
 AI Historical Perspective 27
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 28
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 29
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 30
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 31
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 32
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 33
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
 AI Historical Perspective 34
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……

❑ Suppose in a Boolean logic

❑ Car speed <40 is slow

&
❑ Car speed > 40 is fast
 AI Historical Perspective 35
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ Suppose in a Boolean logic
❑ Car speed is less than 40 is slow & Car speed is greater than 40 is fast

❑ Then
0 if speed < 40
1 if Speed > 40
 AI Historical Perspective 36
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50
 AI Historical Perspective 37
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

Now if speed is 35 then its 0 (means slow)

 AI Historical Perspective 38
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

Now if speed is 55 then its 1 (means fast)

 AI Historical Perspective 39
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

& if speed is 42 then ???????????????

 AI Historical Perspective 40
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

& if speed is 42 then it will be (42 – 40) / 10

 AI Historical Perspective 41
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

& if speed is 42 then it will be (42 – 40) / 10 = 2/10 = 0.2 (its fast but up to the degree of 0.2)
 AI Historical Perspective 42
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

& if speed is 45 then it will be (45 – 40) / 10

 AI Historical Perspective 43
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

& if speed is 45 then it will be (45 – 40) / 10 = 5/10 = 0.5 (its fast but up to the degree of 0.5)
 AI Historical Perspective 44
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years
❑ Fuzzy Logic……
❑ In Fuzzy logic, it will be

❑ Then
0 ; if speed < 40
(speed - 40) / 10 ; if speed 40 < speed < 50
1 ; if Speed > 50

& if speed is 48 then it will be (48 – 40) / 10 = 8/10 = 0.8 (its fast but up to the degree of 0.8)
AI Historical Perspective 45
The Golden Years (1956-1974)
2nd Generation
1956 – 1974
The Golden Years

Thank you.,