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HÍÑ‘Ô~·\ò 2016 "≥Å : 63–00
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Re Print
C „Ñ¨HÍâ◊‰õΩÅq
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J[O`å Ç¨ÏŸ@Öò Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ,
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Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«=Ú 5
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=ÚO^Œ∞ *Ï„QÆ`«Î‰õΩ q^è•<åÅ∞ 19
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ã¨~°fiã≤kú =∞O„`«O 22
âßOÉèígâ◊H˜Î 23
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J^Œ$â◊º Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 31
q^•º Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 33
=∞^Œ#"Õ∞YÖÏ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 36
ã¨∞Ö’K«<å Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 37
ã¨∞~°ã¨∞O^Œi Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 39
â◊‡âß# Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 42
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Ñ¨^•‡=f Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 48
F+¨nè Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 50
J#Å Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 51
qâßÅ<Õ„u Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 55
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#\© Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ 59
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HÍÅHõi‚ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ 61
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~°u ~å[ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O 64
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Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«=Ú
â’¡II ÅOÉ’^Œ~°O Ñ¨~°=∞ ã¨∞O^Œ~° "Õ∞Hõ^ŒO`«O
~°HÍÎO`« n~°…#Ü«∞#O Ñ¨~°=∞O Ñ¨q„`«"£∞
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8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
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#Ok#k.
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HÍ~°}=Ú QÍ^Œ∞, J\Ï¡ ã¨=∞Ü«∂xH˜ P^Œ∞HÀ=@O XHõ `«e¡QÍ
(qâ◊fi[#x) P"≥∞ ÉÏ^èŒº`«.
ã¨fi~åÅÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k ''J—— =ºO[#=ÚÅÖ’ z=ik ''=∞—— D
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"≥Ú^ŒÖ’¡ J=∞‡ ^Œi≈OÑ¨|_ç`Õ LHÍ~°~°∂Ñ¨"≥∞ÿ# Dâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ =∞^èŒº
ÉèÏQÆOÖ’=ÙO_ç „Ñ¨}=O Ñ¨~„° |Ç¨Ï‡ ~°∂áêxfl á⁄OkOk. JHÍ~°, LHÍ~°,
=∞HÍ~°=ÚÅ HõÅ~ÚHõÜÕ∞ Hõ^• ''FO—— HÍ~À`«ÊuÎ.
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8„Ñ¨Hõ$uÜÕ∞ Pkâ◊H˜Î – Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨μ_Õ Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞_»∞. gi~°∞=Ù~°∂
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
qâ◊fi=Ú #O^Œe ã¨=∞ã¨Î ã¨$+≤ìH˜ [#h [#‰õΩÅ∞. gˆ~ ÉèíHõÎ[#∞Å#∞

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– Hõ+=ì¨ ÚÅ∞ `˘ÅyOz HÍáê_ç, ÖÏeOK«∞ `«e^¡ OŒ „_»∞Å∞ J\˜ì Ñ¨~"° ∞Õ â◊fi~°
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âßOÉèqí . D âßOÉègí â◊HÖÎ˜ xË Ñ¨^•~°=÷ Ú ÖË^∞Œ . „Ñ¨H$õ uH˜ ãÖ|O^è=Œ ÚQÆÅ
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xa_ôH$õ `«"∞≥ ÿ L#flk. `«#Ö’ xa_ô Hõ$`«"∞≥ ÿ x„^•}=ÚQÍ #∞#fl âßOÉègí
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– J}˜=∂, ÅÑ¶≤∞=∂, QÆi=∂, =∞Ç≤Ï=∂, Dâ◊`«fi, =t`«fi „áêÑ≤Î,
„áêHÍ=∂ºk J+¨ìã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ Hõ~°`«ÖÏ =∞ÅHõ=ÚÖˇ· k=º`«fi=Ú
<˘O^ŒQÆÅ_»#∞@Ö’ ãÖkÜ«∞"Õ∞q∞ Ü«Ú#∞ ÖË^Œ∞.
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áê„`«`å – Ñ¨^Œúu
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`«y# QÆ∞~°∞=Ù KåÖÏ J=Ùã¨~°=Ú. Ö’HõOÖ’ „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ ^≥·"åÅ∞QÍ
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=ÚYºOQÍ =∞O„`« âßG=Ú #Éèíºã≤OÑ¨QÀ~°∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ
Pq^ŒºÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ÑïÑ¨Ó~å‚#∞ Éè=í =ÚQÆ_Oç z# QÆ∞~°∞=Ù KåÖÏ J=Ùã¨~=° Ú,
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JO`«~`æ° "« ∞≥ #ÿ q+¨Ü∂« Å∞ ÉèÏ=QÆiƒùÒ« QÍ<Õ =ÙO_Õ J=HÍâ◊=ÚÅ∞#flq.
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Ñ¨^Œ*ÏÅ=Ú ‰õΩ^Œ~°‰õΩ áÈ=Ù@, =∞O„`ÀKåÛù~°}=Ú#∞ „"å`«ÅÖ’
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Hõ á êÅ=Ú#O^Œ ∞ Jx K≥ Ñ ≤ Ê Ü« Ú #flÑ¨ C _» ∞ ™ê^è Œ ‰ õ Ω _» ∞ Ñ¨ Ù „Ô ~ #∞
ã¨ O áêkOÑ¨ Q Æ Å _Õ Q Íh, PÑ¨ Ù „Ô ~ Ü« ∞ O^Œ ∞ Hõ á êÅÉè Ï QÆ " Õ ∞ kÜ≥ ∂
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8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
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QÆ∞~°∞"Õ. QÆ∞~°∞=Ù ÖËx q^Œº Ñ¶ëOÑ¨<Õ~°^Œx âßG=ÚÅ∞ K≥Ñ¨CK«∞#flq.
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Ö’<≥·Ü«Ú<åfl~°∞.
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U=∞#∞ ãÖ^ÕÇ¨Ï=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ=K«∞Û#∞. „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÅ∞ „áê=∂}˜Hõ
xˆ~âÌ º◊ =ÚÅ∞. J#QÍ DÑ¨xH˜kqÇ≤Ï`«=Ú, DÑ¨xH˜kJqÇ≤Ï`«=Ú Jx
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8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
QÆ∞~°∂Ñ¨^Õâ◊=Ú
Ü«∞H˜Δ}©`«O„`«=ÚÅ∞ ™êkèOÑ¨^ŒÅz#"åi áê„`«`« J#QÍ =ºH˜Î
Ü≥ÚHõ¯ L#fl`«"≥∞ÿ# J~°›`«Å∞. =ÚYºOQÍ ÉÏQÆ∞O_®e. K≥_»∞áê„`«ÅÖ’
É’ã≤#áêÅ∞ qiyáÈ=Ù q^èŒ=ÚQÍ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ü«∞O^Œ∞QÆÅ K≥_»∞
ã¨fiÉèÏ==ÚÅ =Å# J`«xKÕ [Ñ≤OK«|_ç# =∞O„`«â◊H˜Î ‰õÄ_® áêÅ=Öˇ
qiyáÈ~Ú, PtOz# Ñ¶ë`«=ÚÅ‰õΩ =∂~°∞QÍ TÇ≤ÏOK«x J<ÕHõ
^Œ∞+¨Êeù `«=ÚÅ∞ ãÖÉèqí OK«QÅÆ J=HÍâ◊=Ú#flk. JO^Œ∞=Å# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x
Ü≥ÚHõ¯ âßs~°Hõ Ñïâ◊√„Éèí`«, =∂#ã≤Hõ x~°‡Å`«fi=Ú. ã¨`«ûfiÉèÏ==Ú
=ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# áê„`«`« (Ü≥∂QÆº`«Å∞QÍ) ^≥Å∞Ñ¨|_ç#q.
=ÚYº=ÚQÍ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ âßs~°Hõ, =∂#ã≤Hõ, „|Ç¨Ï‡ K«~°º=Ú#∞,
Hõ~îÀ~° nHõΔ`À PK«iOÑ¨=Åã≤#Ü«Ú#flk. `«##∞ `å#∞ á⁄QÆ_»∞H˘#∞@
ÖËHõ W`«~°∞Å `«=∞x á⁄QÆ_»∞K«∞O_»QÍ qx P#OkOK«∞@ – `å#∞
Ñ¨~∞° Å#∞ xOkOK«∞@. Jã¨`º« Pj¡ÅÉèÏ+¨}=ÚÖÁ#~°∞Û@ =Å# ^≥=· â◊HÎ˜
ÅaèOK«∞@ Hõ+¨ì=Ú ã¨fiÅÊ"≥∞ÿ# x„^Œ, q∞`åÇ¨~°=Ú KåÖÏ J=ã¨~°=Ú
ã¨`«fiQÆ∞} „Ñ¨^è•#"≥∞ÿ# PÇ¨~°=Ú „âı+¨ª=Ú, `«"≥∂QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ=∞QÆ∞
PÇ¨~°=Ú =^Œe "ÕÜ«∞^ŒyÜ«∞#flk – g\˜H˜ `À_»∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜
â◊s~°^•~°úº=Ú – ^è≥·~°º=Ú ™êÇ¨ã¨=ÚÅ∞ – =∂#ã≤Hõ x|ƒ~°=Ú –
F~°∞Ê – ã¨Ç¨Ï#=Ú – Ü«ÚH˜Î – ã¨=∞Ü«∞ã¨∂ÊùiÎ q"ÕHõ=Ú KåÖÏ
J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿÜ«Ú#flk – ÅHõΔ}=ÚÅ∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ QÆey# "åˆ~ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜x
™êkèOK«∞@‰õΩ^Œy Ü«ÚO^Œ∞~°∞.
1
8
8™ê^èŒ‰õΩx QÆ`« rq`«O UÖÏ=Ù#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© q^•º™ê^èŒ##∞
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
„áê~°OaèOÑ¨ ^ŒÅz# `À_»<Õ `«# Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Å#∞ `«Ñ¨ÊHõ =∂~°∞ÛH˘#

=Åã≤=ÙO@∞Ok. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ UHÍO`«OQÍ<Õ HÍÅO QÆ_»áêe, ¢ã‘ÎÅ‰õΩ,
q<À^ŒqÖÏ™êÅ‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ =ÙO_®e. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∂\Ï¡_»QÆ∂_»^Œ∞
– =∞ø#„=`«O áê\˜¿ãÎ KåÖÏ =∞Ozk. x~åO_»O| ~°OQÍ=ÙO_ç, `«#
Ñ¨#∞Å∞ `å<Õ K«∂K«∞HÀ"åe. W`«~∞° ÅKÕ `«#Ñ¨#∞Å∞ KÕ~ÚOK«∞ H˘#@O
KåÖÏ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒO U=∞~°∞áê@∞ `˘O^Œ~°`«#=Ú Ü≥∞\˜ì Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’#∞
‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. `«#‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞x q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞ QÆ∞iOz XHõ\ ˜H˜ Ñ¨k=∂~°∞¡
QÆ∞~°∞=ÙÅ #_çy `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x, P q+¨Ü«∞O`«#‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ ''J~°ú"≥∞ÿ#k——
J#∞H˘#flÑ¨C_Õ PÑ¨x „áê~°OaèOKåe. H˘xfl „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ãÖ^Œ~°ƒù=ÚÅÖ’
`«Ñ¨Ê r=Ç≤ÏOã¨#∞ *ËÜ«∞QÆ∂_»^Œ∞. „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«@O QÆ∂_® Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞.
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ Ju =ÚYº=ÚQÍ QÆ=∞xOz PK«iOÑ¨=Åã≤# ^˘Hõ\ ˜ HõÅ^Œ∞.
`å#∞ Uq^Œº#∞ ™êkèOÑ¨^ŒÅz#k "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ ™ê^èŒ<å q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞
QÆ∞~°=Ù‰õΩ `«Ñ¨Ê =∞Ô~=fiiH© `≥eÜ«∞hÜ«∞QÆ∂_»^Œ∞ (W^Œu =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#
q+¨Ü∞« =Ú) ™ê^è<Œ å ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ XO@iQÍQÍh ÖËHõ QÆ∞~°∞=Ù`À QÆ∂_®
QÍx =ÙO_®e. W`«~°∞Öˇ=fi~°∂ =ÙO_»QÆ∂_»^Œ∞.
D „Ñ¨HÍ~°O áê„`«`å xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ PK«~}° Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞ HõeyÜ«Ú#fl
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© â◊H˜Îx Ju ã¨∞ÅÉèíOQÍ ™êkèOz k=º â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞
á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ_»#∞@Ö’ <≥\ ˜ì ãÖ^ÕÇ¨Ï=Ú#∞ ÖË^Œ∞.
12
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
J#∞‰õÄÅ – „Ñü‰õÄÅ=ÚÅ∞
ã¨$+≤ì JO`åQÆ∂_® ÑÖK«Éèí∂`«=ÚÅ ã¨"Õ∞‡à◊#"Õ∞! =∞O„`åÅ∞,
"å\˜ ^Õ=`«Å∞–=∞#HÀiHõÅ∞ – "å\˜ Ñ¶e¨ `åÅ∞ QÆ∂_® PHÍâ◊, "åÜ«Ú
– Jyfl, [Å, Ñ¨Ù$kèg `«`åfiÅ#∞ á⁄OkÜ«Ú#flq. q~°∞^Œú `«`åfiÅ∞QÆÅ
=∞O„`åÅ∞ "å\˜H˜ q~°∞^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ HÀiHõÅ q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ Ñ¶e¨ `åÅx=fi*ÏÅ=Ù.
U =∞O„`«=Ú U=ºH˜ÎH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∂ x~°‚~ÚOÑ¨ |_ç =Ù#flk. =∞O„`«
„áê~°OÉèíOÖ’ QÆÅ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JHõΔ~°=Ú#‰õΩ – ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ¿Ñ~°∞#O^Œ∞QÆÅ
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JHõΔ~°=Ú#‰õΩ á⁄O`«# ÉÏQÆ∞O_®e. J\Ï¡ á⁄O`«#
‰õΩ^Œ~°#O^Œ∞=Å# J<ÕHõ Hõ+¨ì#ëêìÅ∞ ãÖÉèíqOÑ¨ QÆÅ=Ù. nx<Õ
J~°fi}K«∂K«∞@ JO\Ï~°∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `«#H˜+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# =∞O„`«=Ú#‰õΩ D
J~°fi} K«∂z J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ =ÙO>Ë<Õ „áê~°OaèOKåe. ÖË‰õΩO>Ë "Õ~˘Hõ
=∞O„`«O J~°fi}O ÉÏQÆ∞O_Õk Ü≥∞OK«∞HÀ"åe. =¸iöOz K≥Ü«∞º~å^Œ∞.
1 ã≤^Œú 2 ™ê^èŒº
1 ã≤^Œú 2 ™ê^èŒº 1 ã≤^Œú 2 ™ê^èŒº
JHõ^èŒ L[Ñ¨ PY^Œ TK«Ñ¶¨
2 Ji 3 ã¨∞ã≤^Œú 4 Ji 3 ã¨∞ã≤^Œú
F_»= X ~°≠Ï=∞ B_è»â◊ Í &Ü«∞
X
1 ã≤^Œú 2 ™ê^èŒº 1 ã≤^Œú 2 ™ê^èŒº

DÑ¶¨∞# |∞∂[Éèí WQÆ^äŒ |∞∞K«|
4 Ji 3 ã¨∞ã≤^Œú 4 Ji 3 ã¨∞ã≤^Œú
JO`« ã¨Ç¨Ïà◊ S~î°Å PO}+¨ U@~°
4 Ji 3 ã¨∞ã≤^Œú
13
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
ÃÑ· K«„HõOÖ’x QÆà◊√§ JHõΔ~åÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ ÑïjeOKåe. 16 QÆà◊√§
4 ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèílOÑ¨|_ç#q, "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ÉèÏQÆO ã≤^Œú – 2= ÉèÏQÆO
™ê^èŒº, 3= ÉèÏQÆO ã¨∞ã≤^Œú, 4= ÉèÏQÆO Ji (â◊„`«∞) J<Õ ¿Ñ~°¡`À
Ñ≤Å∞=|_»∞li. ¿Ñ~°∞ #O^Œe "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JHõΔ~°O U ÉèÏQÆO QÆÅ QÆ_çÖ’
=ÙO>Ë "åiHÍ ÉèÏQÆO ã≤kú ÉèÏQÆO J=Ù`«∞Ok. JHõ¯_ç #∞Oz ã¨=º
„Hõ=∞OÖ’ q∞ye# ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ ™ê^èŒº– ã¨∞ã≤^Œú JiÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ =ÙO\Ï~Ú.
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ¿Ñ~°∞#O^Œe "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JHõΔ~°O QÆÅ ÉèÏQÆO #∞Oz, =∞O„`«
„áê~°OÉèÏHõΔ~°O U ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ UQÆ_çÖ’ =Ù#fl^À QÆ=∞xOKåe. ã≤^Œú,
™ê^èŒº ã¨∞ã≤^Œú, ÉèÏQÆ=ÚÅ∞ JO^Œe QÆ_»∞Å∞ KåÖÏ =∞Ozq, Ji
ÉèÏQÆ=Ú JO^Œe QÆ_»∞ÅÖ’ QÆÅ JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞ =∞O„`«O "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ =ÙO>Ë
„Ñ¨=∂^ŒO – ã≤^•úk <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ÉèÏQÍÖ’¡#∞ =∞o§ ã≤^Œú, ™ê^èŒº, ã¨∞ã≤^Œú
Ji J<Õ LÑ¨ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ QÆ∂_® QÆ=∞xOKåe.
L^ŒÇ¨Ï~°}‰õΩ : ˆHâ◊=~å=Ù J#∞ ¿Ñ~°∞QÆÅ "åx "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JHõΔ~°O
Hõ. Wk <≥O1 ã≤^Œú ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ 1=^ŒQÆ∞ ã≤^ŒúQÆ_çÜ«∞O^Œ∞#flk – QÆ}Ñü
=∞O„`«O. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JHõΔ~°O QÆO, 3<≥O ã¨∞ã≤^Œú ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ 1=^ŒQÆ∞ ã≤^Œú
QÆ_çÜ«∞O^Œ∞#flk HÍ=Ù# D =∞O„`«O ''ã¨∞ã≤^Œúã≤^Œú=Ú—— KåÖÏ=∞Ozk.
D „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ<Õ â◊t‰õΩ=∂~ü J#∞ "åx "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JHõΔ~°O â◊. =~°∞ã¨
<≥O.2 ™ê^èŒº ÉèÏQÆOÖ’x 4=^ŒQÆ∞ J~°QÆ_çÖ’#∞#flk. HÍh D ÉèÏQÆO
â◊, ¿Ñ~°∞Å "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ QÆÅ"åiH˜ =∞iÜ«Ú (P.Y.^èŒ. TK«Ñ¶¨. B_è»â◊.
&Ü«∞Å∞ QÆÅ"åiH˜) <≥O.1 ã≤^Œú ÉèÏQÆ=ÚQÍ<Õ K«∂_®e. giH˜ XHõ
=∞O„`« „Ñ¨^=Œè ∂Hõ~Δ =° ∞QÆ∞ ~°≠O <≥O.4 JiÉèÏQÆ=∞O^Œe 3= ^ŒQ∞Æ ã¨∞ã≤^úŒ
QÆ_Üç ∞« O^Œ∞#flk. Wk giH˜ Jiã¨∞ã≤^úŒ =∞O„`«=Ú – Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞.
D q^èŒOQÍ<Õ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩÅ∞ D J~°fi}s`åº `«=∞‰õΩ =∞O„`«=Ú#‰õΩ
á⁄O`«# ÉÏQÆ∞#fln ÖËxnK«∂K«∞H˘x ™ê^èŒ# „áê~°OaèOKåe.
14
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
J~°fi} Ñ¶ë`«O
1. ÉèÏQÆ=Ú#O^Œe.
1. ã≤^Œú – ã≤^Œú=Ú – „Hõ=∞=Ú `«Ñ¨ÊHõ KÕÜ«Ú@ =Å# Ñ¶¨Å=Ú
2. ã≤^Œú – ™ê^èŒº=Ú – K≥ Ñ ¨ Ê |_ç # ^•xHõ O >Ë Ô ~ O_ç O `« Å ∞
[Ñ≤OK«∞@ =Å# Ñ¶ë`«=Ú HõÅ∞æ#∞.
3. ã≤^Œú – ã¨∞ã≤^Œú=Ú – ã¨Q=Æ Ú [Ñ¨=Ú [~°∞QÆ∞#Ñ¨Ê\˜Hˆ Ñ¶e¨ `«=Ú
HõÅ∞æ#∞.
4. ã≤^Œú – Ji – `«# =Oâ◊=Ú "å~°∞ #tOÑ¨QÆÅ~°∞.
2= ÉèÏQÆ=Ú #O^Œe
1. ™ê^èŒº – ã≤^Œú=Ú – JkèHõ „â◊=∞Hõeæ Ñ¶ë`«O^Œ‰õΩ¯`«∞Ok.
2. ™ê^èŒº – ™ê^èŒº=Ú – |Ç¨ï„Ñ¨Ü«∞`«fl "≥Ú#~°∞Û@=Å¡ Ñ¶ë`«O
3. ™ê^èŒº – ã¨∞ã≤^Œú=Ú– j„Ñ¶¨∞=ÚQÍ Ñ¶ë`«O ‰õÅ∞æ`«∞Ok.
4. ™ê^èŒº – Ji – Jxfl q+¨Ü«∂Ö’¡ Ç¨x HõÅ∞æ`«∞Ok.
1. ã¨∞ã≤^Œú – ã≤^Œú=Ú – „áê~°OÉèí=ÚÖ’<Õ Ñ¶ë`«O HõÅ∞æ`«∞Ok.
2. ã¨∞ã≤^Œú – ™ê^èŒº=Ú– Ç¨ÏŸ=∂k W`«~° `«Ò« QÆ=ÚÅ =Å¡ Ñ¶e¨ `«O
3. ã¨∞ã≤^Œú – ã¨∞ã≤^Œú=Ú – `«HõΔ}=∞O^Õ ã≤kúOÑ¨ QÆÅ^Œ∞.
4. ã¨∞ã≤^Œú – Ji – ãÖ`å#=Ú #tOz áÈQÆÅ^Œ∞.
(=Oâ◊Ç¨x)
15
8
8
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
1. Ji – ã≤^Œú=Ú – Ñ¨Ù„`«∞x [OÑ¨Ù#∞.

2. Ji – ™ê^èŒº=Ú – Ñ¨Ù„uHõ#∞ [OÑ¨QÆÅ^Œ∞.
3. Ji – ã¨∞ã≤^Œú=Ú – ÉèÏ~°º#∞ #tOÑ¨*ËÜ«Ú#∞.
4. Ji – Ji – ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx [OÑ¨QÆÅ^Œ∞.
HÍÅ=Ú – LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆ=Ú
U =∞O„`«"∞≥ #ÿ #∂ QÆ∞~°∞=Ù ^•fi~å LÑ¨^tÕ OK«|O_ç# `«~∞° "å`«<Õ
[Ñ≤OKåe. QÆ∞~°∞=Ù K≥Ñ≤Ê# Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Å∞ `«Ñ¨Ê‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. LÑ¨^Õâ◊O
á⁄O^Œ\ÏxH˜ Jxfl HÍÖÏÅ∞, ã¨=∞Ü«∂Å∞ =∞Ozq QÍ=Ù. K≥·„`«,
"≥â· ßY=ÚÅ∞, „âß=}=Ú, Pâ◊fiÜ«Ú[, HÍsÎH,õ =∂~°tæ ~°=ÚÅ∞, =∂Ñ¶∞¨ ,
áêÅ∞æ}=∂ã¨=ÚÅ∞ =∞O„`ÀÑ¨^Õâ◊=Ú #O^Œ∞@‰õΩ â◊√ÉèíHõ~°"≥∞ÿ#q –
JkèHõ =∂ã¨=Ú, HõΔÜ«∞ =∂ã¨=Ú =¸_è»q∞ Ü«ÚO_»∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú
Ñ¨xH˜~å=Ù.
â◊√Hõ¡, Hõ$+¨‚ Ñ¨HõΔ=ÚÅ∞ Ô~O\˜Ü«∞O^Œ∞ qkÜ«∞, `«kÜ«∞, ÑÖK«q∞,
ã¨Ñ¨Îq∞, ^Œâ◊q∞. â◊√Hõ¡Ñ¨HõΔ „`«Ü≥∂^Œj u^èŒ∞Å∞ „Ñ¨â◊ã¨Î=Ú q∞ye#q
Ñ¨xH˜~å=Ù. ™È=∞, |∞^èŒ, QÆ∞~°∞, â◊√„Hõ "å~°=ÚÅ∞ J#∞‰õÄÅ
Ñ¶ë`«=ÚÅxK«∞Û#∞. ~ÀÇ≤Ï}˜, =∞$QÆt~°, Ñ¨Ù+¨ºq∞, Jâ◊fix, Ç¨Ïã¨Î, z`«Î,
™êfiu, J#∂~å^è,Œ L`«~Î åëê_è,» „â◊=}O, â◊à« +è O¨ , L`«~Î åÉèÏ„^Œ, ~ˆ =u
#Hõ„Δ `«=ÚÅO^Œ∞ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ Hˆ =Δ ∞, ™ê^è#Œ `å~°Å∞ QÆÅg. U #Hõ„Δ `«"∞≥ #ÿ #∞
Ñ¨xH˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk.
16
8
8q∞^è∞Œ #, Hõ<åº, ^è#Œ ∞s‡#ÅQÆfl=ÚÅ∞ QÆÅ HÍÅ=Ú Ü≥∂QÆº"≥∞#ÿ k.
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
ÅQÆfl=Ú#‰õΩ â◊√Éèí„QÆÇ¨Ï^Œ$+≤ì – ÅQÆfl, ÑÖK«=∞ J+¨ì=∞ â◊√kú, Hõey,

áêÑ¨„QÆÇ¨Ï=ÚÅ∞, 3,6,11 ™ê÷#=ÚÅO^Œ∞#∞ â◊√Éèí„QÆÇ¨Ï=ÚÅ∞.
4,5,7,9,10 ™ê÷#=Ú ÅO^Œ∞O_»∞ q^è=Œ ÚQÍ =ÚÇ¨˙~°=Î Ú x~°Ü ‚ ∞« Oz
=∞O„`ÀÑ¨ ^Õâ◊=ÚÅ∞ #O^Œ=Öˇ#∞.
=∞O„`«=Ú [Ñ≤OK«∞@‰õΩ `«∂~°∞Ê „Ñ¨â◊ã¨Î=Ú. `«O„`« q^ŒºÅO^Œ∞
=∂„`«=Ú L`«Î~° =ÚY=ÚQÍ [Ñ≤OKåe. Dâß#º „Ñ¨^Õâ◊OÖ’, Ñ¨Ùe,
ÖËHõ HõÑ¨Ê, XO>ˇÅ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ K«~°‡=Ú#∞ |~°z ^•xÃÑ· Ñïâ◊√„Éèí"≥∞ÿ#
=G=Ú#∞ |~°z Éèí„^•ã¨#, Ñ¨^•‡ã¨#, ã¨fiã≤ÎHÍã¨#=ÚÅO^Õ ^Õx<˘Hõ
Pã¨#=Ú#O^Œ∞ QÆ∂~°∞ÛO_ç =∞#ã¨∞û UHÍ„QÆ`«Ñ¨~°z `«#=Ú‰õΩ¯ z=i
ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ ^Œ∞$+≤ìH˜ ˆHO„nHõiOz ã≤ú~°z`«∞Î_≥·, `˘O^Œ~° ÖË‰õΩO_® 108
`å=∞~°Ñ¨Óã¨Å∞ ÖËHõ =Ú`åºÅ∞, ~°∞„^•HõΔÅ∞, QÆ∂iÛ# =∂Å#∞ ‰õΩ_çKÕu
ÉÁ@#„"ÕÅ∞ LOQÆ~°Ñ¨Ù „"ÕÅ∞ HõeÑ≤Ñ¨@∞ìH˘x <≥=∞‡kQÍ JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞
`«ÑC¨ ÖË‰Ωõ O_® LK«ÛiOÑ¨ÙK«∂ [ÑÖ KÕÜ∂« ºe. „Ñü =∞O„`åxfl ™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩ
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ xÜ«∞=∞O`À QÆ∂_ç Ñ¨k"ÕÅ∞[Ñ≤Oz# `«~åfi`«<Õ ™ê^èŒ<å
„Hõ=∞OÖ’H˜ "≥àÏ§e. =ÚO^Œ∞ =∞O„`åxfl H˘O`« [Ñ≤OK«‰õΩO_® ™ê^èŒ#
K≥Ü«∞ºQÆ∂_»^Œ∞.
17
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
P`«‡ ~°HõΔ}
„Ñ¨Hõ$u qq^èŒ ^Œâ◊Å∞ Hõey=ÙO@∞Ok. „Ñ¨K«O_»OQÍ ZO_»ÅKÕ
`«Ñ≤OÑ¨ *ËÜ«∞QÆÅ^Œ∞. ãÖ`«`«^è•~°QÍ ‰õΩOÉèí=~°¬O ‰õΩiÑ≤OK«QÆÅ^Œ∞.
L^èŒ$`«"≥∞ÿ# QÍÅ∞ÅKÕ `«Å¡_çÅ¡ *ËÜ«∞QÆÅ^Œ∞. ã¨=Ú„^•Å∞ á⁄OQ˘á⁄~°Å
=K«∞Û – Éèí∂q∞ HõOÑ≤OÑ¨=K«∞Û ~Úq Jhfl QÆ∂_® „Ñ¨Hõ$uÖ’ HõeˆQ
f„= Ñï}Ï=∞~°∂áêÅ∞ ™ê^èŒ# f„=`«~°O J=Ù`«∞#flH˘Ån ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜
=∂Ü«∞ P=iOz „Ñ¨Hõ$u ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# D f„= ÅHõΔ}ÏÅ∞ `«##∞ K«∞@∞ì
=Ú@∞ì K«∞#fl@∞¡QÍ „ÉèÏOu HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. P „ÉèÏOuH˜ Ö’|_ç#
™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ_»∞ `«#nHõΔ#∞ q~°q∞OKÕ J=HÍâ◊=ÚÅ∞#flq. ~Ú"ÕQÍHõ,
™ê^èŒ<å ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Z#fl<Àfl =∂Ü«∂ =∞Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ# J^Œ∞ƒù`åÅ∞
QÀK«iOK«∞#∞. "å@xfl\˜H© ã≤÷~°z`«∞Î_≥· xÅ|_ç `«#nHõΔ#∞ PÑ¨‰õΩO_®
H˘#™êyOKåe. JÑ¨CU ã≤kúHõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
"åÜ«Ú =∂~°æOÖ’ ã¨^• #OK«iOKÕ qÑ¶¨∞fl HÍ~°‰õΩÖˇ·# „QÆÇ¨Å∞
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Hõ=~À^è•Å∞ HõeÊOK«∞#∞. g\˜#∞Oz ~°H˜ΔOÑ¨|_®ÅO>Ë
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ P`«‡~°H}Δõ À áêÜ«∞O PÖ’zOKåe. y@ìx"å~°∞O\Ï~°∞. "åà◊√§
‰õΔΩ„^Œâ◊‰õΩÎÅ`À ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ÉÏkèOÑ¨ *ËÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. J\˜ì
‰õΔΩ„^Œâ◊‰õΩÎÅ=Å¡ U ÉÏ^è• ÖË‰õΩO_® =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ<Õ ~°HõΔ}á⁄Ok=ÙO_®e.
nHΔÍ=∞^èŒº HÍÅOÖ’ Uq^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# W`«~° =∞O„`ÀKåÛù~°}Å∞ `«O„`« Hõ~°‡Å∞
Ñ¨xH˜~å=Ù. QÍ|\˜ì `«y# *Ï„QÆ`«Î =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ<Õ fã¨∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk.
18
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=ÚO^Œ∞ *Ï„QÆ`«Î‰õΩ q^è•<åÅ∞

J=∂"åã¨º Pk"å~°O ~ÀA# (~å„u HÍÅOÖ’ J=∂"åã¨º
ukä =ÙO_®e) J~°÷~å„u "Õà◊ `≥Å¡lÖË¡_»∞ K≥@∞ì=^ŒÌ‰õΩ =O@iQÍ "≥o§
P K≥@∞ì‰õΩ áê^Œ∞*Ëã≤ h~°∞áÈã≤, ^èŒ∂Ñ¨nÑ¨=Ú ezÛ #=∞ã¨¯iOKåe.
P K≥@∞ì K«∂@∂ì x=∞‡HÍÜ«∞Å∞ uÑ≤Ê K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ HÀã≤Ñ¨_»"≥Ü«∂ºe.
(x=∞‡HÍÜ«∞Å∞) P `«~åfi`« K≥@∞ì‰õΩ =Ú=∂‡~°∞ „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ}OQÍqOz,
kOQÆ|~°∞_≥· `«∂~°∞Ê =ÚY=ÚQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx L`«Î~°OQÍ „áêH˜# Ñ≤_çÔH_»∞
ÖÏ=ÙQÆÅ "Õ~°∞#∞ fã≤ HÕ^ŒÃÑ@ì‰õΩO_® fã¨∞HÀ"åe. uiy K≥@∞ì#∞
Ñ¨Ó_çÛ (K≥@∞ìKå=‰õÄ_»^Œ∞) WO\˜H˜ =zÛ# `«~åfi`« P "Õ~°∞#∞ Hõ_çy
=ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù~åx ^èŒ∂ÑÖ"Õã≤ Éèí„^ŒOQÍ J\ì̃ÃÑ\Ïìe. ã¨∂~°º~°t‡ `«QÆÅ‰õΩO_®
P"Õ~∞° #∞ Ü≥∞O_çOz ^•x`À `«# ÉÁ@#„"ÕÅ∞ „Ñ¨=∂}O Hõe#æ QÆ}Ñü
q„QÆÇ¨ÏO KÕ~ÚOKåe. D q„QÆÇ¨xH˜ „áê}„Ñü+¨ª QÍqOz D kQÆ∞=
=∞O„`«O 1 ÅHõ=Δ ∂~°∞¡ [Ñ≤Oz ^è•~°áÈã≤ P q„QÆÇ¨ xfl ÖÏÔH\òÖ’ ayOz
Ç¨~°OQÍ "≥∞à’§ ^èŒiOz# Ü≥∞_»Å Jxfl q^èŒ=ÚÖˇ·# LÑ¨„^Œ==ÚÅ∞,
qÑ¶¨∞fl=ÚÅ∞, „ÉèÏOu, =∂Ü«∞ JO`«iOz, ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ `å#∞ KÕÜ«Ú
HÍ~°º=Ú xifiÑ¶¨∞fl=ÚQÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎÜ«∞QÆ∞@‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞.
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO NO Ç¨ÏO Ü«∞O ~°O ^ŒO ÅO – QÆO QÆ}
Ñ¨`«ÜÕ∞ =~°=~°^Œ ã¨~°fi qÑ¶¨∂fl<åflâ◊Ü«∞ NO „Ç‘ÏO ™êfiÇ¨II
19
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
Ô~O_»= q^è•#O
ã¨∂~°º„QÆÇ¨Ï}O Ñ¨\ ˜ì# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ™êfl#O KÕã≤ (`«Å™êfl#O)
â◊√zQÆÅ"å_≥· TiÉˇ@· #∞#fl "Õ∞_ç, =∂nÑ¶Å¨ , `≥Ål¡ ÖË_¡ ∞» , `≥ÅQ¡ ∞Æ ~°∞qO^Œ,
LzÛ`« K≥@¡Ü≥ÚHõ¯ "Õ~°∞¡ „`«qfi fã¨∞‰õΩ~å"åe. `«∂~°∞ÊQÍ „áêH˜#
QÆ∞~°∞qO^Œ"Õ~°∞, ^ŒH˜Δ}OQÍ „áêH˜# "Õ∞_ç"Õ~°∞, Ñ¨_»=∞~°QÍ „áêH˜#
=∂nÑ¶Å¨ "Õ~∞° , L`«~Î O° QÍ „áêH˜# `≥Ål¡ ÖË_¡ ∞» "Õ~∞° , J_»∞QÆ∞#‰õΩ „áêH˜#
LzÛO`«"Õ~°∞ „âı+¨ª=Ú – WO\˜H˜ =zÛ# `«~åfi`« D"Õà◊√§ Jhfl Hõ_çy
z#fl z#fl =ÚHõ¯Å∞QÍ HÀã≤ Ñ¨ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù~åz ^èŒ∂ÑÖ"Õã≤ XHõ ~åyfÔQ‰õΩ
Ñ¨Óã¨Å=Öˇ `˘_»QÍe. P `«~åfi`« =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ x`«ºO Ñ¨Ó[
[~°∞Ñ¨ÙK«∂ D „HÕk =∞O„`«O Ñ¨k"ÕÅ∞ [ÑÖKÕã≤ P=∂Å‰õΩ ^è•~å^ŒÒÎ«
K≥Ü«∂ºe. P `«~åfi`« PÑ¨Óã¨Å∞ QÆÅ ~åyfQÆ#∞ `«# ‰õΩ_çKÕu
=∞}˜Hõ@∞ì‰õΩ ^èŒiOz# Ü≥∞_»Å ‰õΔΩ„^Œâ◊‰õΩÎÅ#∞Oz ~°HõΔ}Åaèã¨∞ÎOk.
=∞O„`«, `«O„`«, Ü«∞O„`«=ÚÅ ^•fi~å ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xÔH=ˆ~ JÑ¨HÍ~°"Ú≥ #iÛ##∞
"≥O@<Õ XHõ Ñ¨Óã¨ ÑÿeáÈ`«∞O@∞Ok. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ x~°áêÜ«∞OQÍ
`«#HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«∞H˘#QÆÅ_»∞.
=∞O„`«O :
FO PO„Ç‘ÏO„HÀO#"≥∂ ÉèíQÆ=f, Éèí„^ŒHÍm,
Hõ~åà◊=^Œ<Õ â◊`«ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨l¿ÇÏfi, ~°O~°O~°O, MËO
MËO, â◊„`«∞Hõ$`« ã¨HõÖÏaèKå~°<£ <åâ◊Ü«∞
<åâ◊Ü«∞ – =∞=∞ P`«‡~°HΔÍO jO„Ñ¶¨∞O ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞
„Ñ¨ã¨#flO^•Ñ¨Ü«∞ ^•Ñ¨Ü«∞™êfiÇ¨ II
D =∞O„`«O k#=Ú#‰õΩ 3333 K˘Ñ¨C# =¸_»∞ k#=ÚÅ∞
[Ñ≤Oz Ñ¨ÓÅ∞ JHõΔ`«Å∞ hà◊§`À=∂Å‰õΩ ^è•~°áÈÜ«∂e.
20
8
8 [# – „QÍ=∞ – =∞$QÆ – =jHõ~°}
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
1.=∞O„`«O :
FO SO„Ç‘ÏOH©¡O SOHΔ“O Éè’QÆ„Ñ¨^•Éèˇ·~°g
=∂`«Oy, ¢`≥·Ö’Hõº [<å<£ N„Ñ¶¨∞O"Õ∞
=â◊=∂#Ü«∞ =â◊=∂#Ü«∞™êfiÇ¨ II
D =∞O„`«O nHΔÍxÜ«∞=∞„=`«=ÚÅ∞ Hõeæ 40 k#=ÚÅ∞
k#=Ú#‰õΩ 2500 =O`«∞# ÅHõΔ [Ñ¨=Ú QÍqOz# Ü≥∞_»Å ã≤kú
<˘ãÖQÆQÆÅ^Œ∞. nx „Ñ¨ÉèÏ==Ú =Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ [#ãÖ^ÀÇ¨Ï=Ú
=â◊=∞QÆ∞#∞. JO^Œ~°∂ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ñ¨ÓlOz Q“~°qOK«QÆÅ~°∞.
2.=∞O„`«O :
FO #=∞ó Hõ@qHõ@ Ñ¶¨∞’~°~°∂Ñ≤}˜ H©¡O H©¡O
H©¡O, „Ç‘ÏO „Ç‘ÏO „Ç‘ÏO Ç¨ïOÑ¶¨\ò ™êfiÇ¨II
D =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ nHΔÍ„=`« xÜ«∞=∞=Ú QÆeæ ÅHõΔãÖYº =~°‰õΩ
[ÑÖ KÕã≤# `«^Œ∞Ñï ã≤kúx=fiQÆÅ^Œ∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ U„QÍ=∞"≥∞ÿ##∞
"≥o§#Ñ¨C_»∞ TiH˜ =ÚO^Œ@ U_»∞~åà◊√§ fã¨∞H˘x D =∞O„`«O #∂@
Zxq∞k=∂~°∞¡ [Ñ≤Oz P~åà◊§#∞ XH˘¯\ÁHõ¯\˜QÍ U^À XHõ K≥@∞ì‰õΩ
"Õã≤H˘\˜ì P=ÓiÖ’xH˜ „Ñ¨"Õã≤Oz# Ü≥∞_»Å P„QÍ=∞ "åã¨∞ÅKÕ
Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨|_»QÆÅ_»∞. ^èŒ#=ã¨∞Î ™ê^èŒ<å ãÖÑ¨`«∞ÎÅ∞ ÅaèOK«QÆÅ=Ù.
3.=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO ˆHΔ„`«áêÅHÍÜ«∞ Éèˇ·~°=~°∂áêÜ«∞
â◊OÉèí"Õ „Ç‘ÏO=∞Å=Ü«¸O=∞=∞ ã¨~°fiã¨÷ÖË+¨μ
21
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
ã¨~°Ê – KÀ~°"åº¢Ñ¶¨∂k Hõ$Ï~°=∞$QÆ ÉÏ^è•O
<åâ◊Ü«∞<åâ◊Ü«∞™êfiÇ¨
D =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ nHΔÍxÜ«∞=∞=ÚÅ∞ QÆeæ XHõ ÅHõΔ
[ÑÖ KÕÜ«Ú@=Å# ã≤kúOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. J=ã¨~° ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÅOn
=∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ã¨‡iOÑ¨ÙK«∞#fl ã¨~°Ê=ÚÅ=Å# KÀ~°∞Å =Å#, Ñ¨ÙÅ∞Å∞
"≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ ‰õÄ$~° [O`«∞=ÙÅ=Å# ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ ÖËHõ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ xtÛ`«OQÍ
`«#HÍ~°º „Hõ=∞=Ú#∞ <≥~°"Õ~°∞Û H˘#QÆÅ_»∞.
ã¨~°fiã≤kú =∞O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO Ñ¨~°„|Ç¨Ï‡=∂`«‡<Õ, L`«ÊuÎã≤÷u „Ñ¨à◊
Ü«∞Hõ~åÜ«∞, „|Ç¨Ï‡Ç¨Ïi Ç¨Ï~åÜ«∞, „uQÆ∞}Ï`«‡<Õ,
NO „Ç‘ÏOH©¡O, SO ã¨~°fiˆH`«∞HÍx^Œ~°≈Ü«∞,
âß|~° q^•ºã≤kúO‰õΩ~°∞ ‰õΩ~°∞™êfiÇ¨ II
Wk „u=¸~åÎº`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ# =∞O„`«O, Ü«∞H˜Δ}© q^•º ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ D =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ XHõ ÅHΔÍÑ¨k"ÕÅ∞ nHõΔQÍ [Ñ≤Oz
ã≤káú ⁄Ok#QÍh, Ü«∞H˜}Δ © â◊H#Î˜ O^ŒÖ~Ë ∞° . D =∞O„`« ã≤k=ú Å# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜
Q˘Ñ¨Ê P`«‡Ãã÷Â~°º=Ú, x~°ƒùÜ«∞`«fi=Ú, qÑ¶¨∞fl=ÚÅ∞ ÖËHõ Hõey ™ê^èŒ#
ã¨∞Å∞=ÙQÍ <≥~°"Õ~°Ê QÆÅ ^è≥·~°º ™êÇ¨Ïã¨=ÚÅ∞ ÅaèOK«∞#∞.
22
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
âßOÉèígâ◊H˜Î
ã¨HõÅ âß|~°, ^Õ=âß|~° q^ŒºÅ‰õΩ Jkèëêª„u âßOÉèíq, Pk=º
[#xx x~°O`«~°=Ú =∞#ã¨∞û# ^è•º#O KÕÜ«Ú"åiH˜ „Ñ¨[˝ – "Õ∞^äŒ,
Ü«∞â◊ã¨∞û, H©iÎ ™œMÏº^Œ∞ÖË QÍHõ =∞Ç¨Ï`«Î~°"≥∞ÿ#k=ºâ◊‰õΩÎÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞.
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Hõ~îÀ~° „|Ç¨‡ K«~°º nHõΔ QÆeyÜ«Ú#fl<åflà◊√§ P^Õq Hõ~°∞}
P`«xÃÑ· Jáê~°OQÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. xÜ«∞=∞x+¨ªÅ`À ™êkèOz# â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞
`˘ÅyáÈ~Ú#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜ – Pk=¸Å"≥∞#ÿ âßOÉèqí ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x Hõ#fl a_»=¤ Öˇ
~°H˜ΔOz HÍÑ¨_»∞`«∞O@∞Ok.
D^ÕqH˜ HÍ=Åã≤O^ŒÖÏ¡ `«# Éèí‰õΩÎ_»∞. „=`«„`«Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞
áê\ÕK«∞>Ë! „=`«„`«Ü«∞=ÚÅ#QÍ 1. ã¨∞~åáê#=Ú KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_»∞@
2. =∂Oã¨ÉèíHõΔ} KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_»∞@ 3. â◊s~° =∂#ã≤Hõ =ºaèKå~°=ÚÅ‰õΩ
áêÅÊ_»Hõ WO„kÜ«∞ x„QÆÇ¨Ï} HõeæÜ«ÚO_»∞. D =¸_»∞ xÜ«∞=∞=ÚÅ∞
áê\ÕK«∞ Éèí‰õΩÎ_»∞, ™êfl# ãÖ^è•º^Œ∞Å#∞ =^Œe##∞, =∞i U W`«~°
^èŒ~°‡=ÚÅ∞ áê\ÕÑ¨‰õΩ#fl#∞ ^Õq HõΔq∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
J=∞‡ ''<å=∞áê~åÜ«∞}„Ñ‘`«—— JO^Œ∞=Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩÅ∞ gÅ∞
‰õΩk~°#Ñ¨C_≥ÖÏ¡ J=∞‡#∞ ã¨∞Îuã¨∞ÎO_®e. P"≥∞ ''ã¨∞Îu=∞u—— Jxfl
â◊‰õΩÎÅ‰õΩ, J=`å~åÅ‰õΩ, Pk=¸Å=∂„uÑ¨Ù~°ã¨∞O^Œi P [QÆ[˚#x
<å=∂Å∞ J#O`åÅ∞. =∞#HõO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ #∞#flq ''Åe`å ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º
<å=∞=ÚÅ∞—— "å\˜x Ñ¨^ÕÑ¨^Õ QÍ#O KÕ¿ãÎ QÆ∞Hõ¯ÃÑ\˜ì U_ÕÛ Ñ≤Å¡"åxx
23
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
X_çÖ’H˜ fã¨∞H˘x ÖÏeOKÕ `«e¡ÖÏQÍ Éèí‰õΩÎ}˜‚ `«# J=∞$`« Ç¨Ï™êÎÅ`À
ÖÏeã¨∞OÎ ^• Ñ¨~"° ∞Õ â◊fii, P`«e¡ Hõ$Ñ¨Ö‰Ë Ωõ O_® ™êkèOK«QeÆ yO^Õq∂ÖË^∞Œ .
âßOÉèíg =∞O„`«O :
FO SO„Ç‘ÏONO SOH©¡O™œó â◊OÉèí∞`Õ*’^•ƒùã≤h
âßOÉèíg âßOHõs PO„Ç‘ÏO„HÀO Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis
=∞=∞Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O „Ñ¨qâ◊º „Ñ¨qâ◊º, "Õ∞^ä•O, „Ñ¨*Ï˝O
Ü«∞K«Ûù Ü«∞K«Ûù, J+¨ìã≤kúO ^ÕÇ≤Ï ^ÕÇ≤Ï, FO„Ç‘ÏO
NO H©¡O Ç¨ïO Ñ¶¨\ò ™êfiÇ¨ II
xÜ«∞=∞O`À Ñ¨k"ÕÅ‰õΩ q∞OzÜ≥∞O`≥·<å [Ñ≤OÑ¨ =K«∞Û#∞.
x`«º=Ú 108 [Ñ≤OK«∞@=Å# qâı+¨ Ñ¶e¨ `«=ÚÅ∞ HõeQÆ∞#∞. ZÅ¡"àÕ Ö◊ Ï
=∂#ã≤ H õ O QÍ [Ñ¨ O K≥ Ü « ∞ º\ÏxH˜ JÅ"å@∞KÕ ã ≤ HÀ=@O
~ÚOHÍ=∞Ozk. Ñ¨â√◊ Ñ¨Ù„`« Ñ¨ffl QÆ$Ç¨Ï~°H}Δõ ÖËQÍHõ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x Ü≥∞Å¡"àÕ Ö◊ Ï
HÍáê_»∞`«∂, ã¨HõÅ Éè’QÍÅ∞ ÅaèOÑ¨*Ëã¨∞ÎO^• Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fii.
24
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
„=`« – nHΔÍ – xÜ«∞=∞O JO>Ë Uq∞\˜?

XHõ =∞O„`åxfl xs‚`« ãÖYº =~°‰õΩ [ÑÖ K≥Ü«∞º=Åã≤
=zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ P[Ñ¨HÍÅO JO`åQÆ∂_® „=`«HÍÅO J=Ù`«∞Ok. `«#
=∞#ã¨ ∞ û#∞ ^è • ºã¨ # #∞. W`« ~ ° q+¨ Ü « ∞ =ÚÅ ÃÑ· H ˜ á Èh‰õ Ω O_®
™ê^èŒ<åHÍ~°º=∞O^Õ Ü≥∞Å¡"Õà◊ÖÏ ÅQÆflO KÕã≤ =ÙOK«@O nHõΔ – D„=`«
HÍÅOÑ¨ÓiÎ JQÆ∞=~°‰õΩ =∞ø#OQÍh q∞`«ÉèÏ+¨} HõeæÜ«ÚO_»∞@ –
„|Ç¨Ï‡K«~°º=Ú – UHõÉèí∞HõÎ=Ú Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· Ñ¨_»∞H˘#∞@ – „Ñ¨Ü«∂}=ÚÅ∞
KÕÜ∞« ‰õΩO_»∞@ HΔ“~°=Ú KÕ~ÚOK«∞H˘#‰õΩO_»∞@ – ™êufiHÍÇ¨~°¿ã=#=Ú
=¸_»∞ "Õà◊ÖÏ ™êfl#=Ú KÕÜ«∞@ – xs‚`« HÍÅ=Ú#‰õΩ [~°∞Ñ¨=Åã≤#
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞=ÚÅ∞ [~°∞Ñ¨Ù@, ^≥·=^è•º#=Ú – QÆ∞~°∞ÉèíH˜Î qâßfiã¨=Ú –
J#∞#q xÜ« ∞ =∞=ÚÅ∞ g\˜ x `« Ñ ¨ Ê Hõ áê\˜ O Ñ¨ Ù K« ∂ =∞O„`«
[ÑÖQÍqOKåe.
25
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
J`«º^Œ∞ƒù`«â◊H˜ÎQÆÅ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞

Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«=∞#QÍ JÑ¨Ê\˜HõÑ¨C_Õ Ñ¶ë`«=ÚÅ∞ xK«∞Û#k
Ñ¨~"° ∞Õ â◊fis Ñï"å~°"∞≥ #ÿ Ü«∞H˜}Δ ^© =Õ `«Å∞ ™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩx HÀiHõÅ∞ ã¨`fi« ~°"∞Õ
Ñ¶e¨ OÑ¨*Ü Ë ∞« QÆÅ~°#∞@Ö’ <≥\ ì˜ ãÖkÜ«∞=Ú ÖË^∞Œ . H˘xfl =∞O„`«=ÚÅ‰õΩ
H˘xfl „Ñ¨`ÕºHõxÜ«∞ =∞=ÚÖË~°Ê_çÜ«Ú#flq. P xÜ«∞=ÚÅ#∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞
LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞OK« ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«™ê^èŒ# H˜¡+¨ì`«~°"≥∞ÿÜ«Ú#flO^Œ∞#
Ju *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«=Öˇ#∞. `˘O^Œ~°Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞. ^è≥·~°ºO KåÖÏ
J=Ùã¨~°O. ZÑ¨Ê\˜HõÑ¨C_»∞ q"ÕHõO`À „Ñ¨=iÎã¨∞ÎO_®e.
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ™ê^èŒ#=Å¡ Ü≥∞O`«\ ˜ J^Œ∞ƒù`« „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#=ÚÅ∞ QÆÅ"À
JO`« \ ˜ H © _ » ∞ QÆ ∂ _®=Ù#flk. ™ê^è Œ < å ã¨ = ∞Ü« ∞ OÖ’ ™ê^è Œ ‰ õ Ω x
=∞<Àxâ◊ÛÅ`«#∞, ã¨Ç¨Ï# â◊H˜Îx, nHΔÍ ^Œ$_è»`«fi=Ú#∞ Ñ¨sH˜ΔOK«∞@‰õΩ
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Õ=`«Å∞, J<ÕHõ Ñ¨sHõΔÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ ÉèíÜ≥∂`åÊ`«=ÚÅ∞
HõeyOÑ¨ÙK«∞#∞. Jq U ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ ~åQÆÅ"À x~å÷iOK«@O |Ç¨ï
Hõ+=ì¨ Ú. P Ñ¨sHõÅΔ ‰õΩ xÅ∞= QÆey# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xˆH P ^Õ=`«Å∞ J#∞„QÆÇÏ¨ O
Åaèã¨∞ÎOk. U á⁄~°áê@∞ =Å¡<≥·# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Ñ¨sHõΔ‰õΩ xÅ|_» ÖËHõáÈ`Õ
J`« x H˜ =∞uK« e Oz Ñ≤ z Û"å_» ∞ QÍ=K« ∞ Û, ÖË H õ n~° …
"åº^èŒ∞ÅáêÅ∞QÍ=K«∞Û, WO„kÜ«∞ x„QÆÇ¨Ï`«fi=Ú, ^è≥·~°º ™êÇ¨Ïã¨=ÚÅ∞
ÖËx"å_»∞ g\˜x ™êkèOÑ¨~å^Œ∞.
26
8
8J#∞Éèí=OÖ’ J<ÕHõ=∞Ok Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ™ê^èŒ‰õΩÅ∞ [iÑ≤# "åix
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
ÑïjeOz q=~åÅ∞ ¿ãHõiOK«@O [iyOk. D ™ê^èŒ#Ö’ Ñ¨ÓiÎ

ã≤kúx á⁄Ok#"å~°∞ Juã¨fiÅÊO – Z‰õΩ¯= ÉèÏQÆO Ñ¨sHõΔ‰õΩ xÅ|_»ÖËHõ
J<ÕHõ qÑ¨`«¯~° Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ H˘x `≥K«∞Û‰õΩ#fl"åˆ~, HõeHÍÅOÖ’ JÑ¨C_»∞
"Õ ∞ ^è Œ ã ¨ ∞ û QÆ Å "åÔ ~ · # =∞#∞+¨ μ ºÅ∞ WO„kÜ« ∂ ^Œ ∞ Å#∞
x„QÆÇ¨ÏOQÍ=ÙOK«∞HÀ=@O KåÖÏ Hõ+¨ìO. „Ñ¨Hõ$u Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ QÆ∂_®
KåÖÏ =∂~°∞Ê *ˇOk#q, |∞∞`«∞^èŒ~å‡ÖË ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ H˘#™êQÆ∞@ÖË^Œ∞.
W\˜ì Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÖÖ’ Ju „áêp#"≥∞ÿ# HÍÅOÖ’ K≥Ñ¨Ê|_ç# D
™ê^èŒ#xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ áê\ÕK«@O KåÖÏ ^Œ∞~°¡ÉèíO.
áê~î°‰õΩÅ∞ =∞# âß¢ã‘ÎÜ«∞ q+¨Ü«∞ÅÖ’ L#fl Q˘Ñ¨Ê`«<åxfl
J~°÷OKÕã¨∞ HÀQÆÅO^Œ∞ÅˆH D q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ „"åÜ«∞|_»∞K«∞#flq QÍx,
J`«ºâ◊`À PK«~}° ‰õΩ `≥K∞« Û@ H˘~°‰Ωõ „"åÜ«∞|_»Ö^Ë ∞Œ . Ö’QÆ_» D Ü«∞H˜}Δ ©
q^Œº#∞ ™êkèOz L#fl QÆ∞~°∞=Ù ^˘iH˜# H˘O`« =~°‰õΩ ™êkèOK«∞@
H˘~°‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOÑ¨ =K«∞Û#∞. Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈Hõ=Ú K«∂z ™ê^èŒ<å „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«fl=ÚÅ∞
KÕã≤# Q˘Ñ¨ÊÇ¨x ãÖÉèíqOÑ¨QÆÅ^Œ∞.
27
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
Éè’QÆÜ«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO #"≥∂ PQÆK«Ûùã¨∞~°ã¨∞O^Œs™êfiÇ¨ II
D =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ™êkèOÑ¨QÀ~°∞"å~°∞ =∞ø#„=`«O Hõeæ =ÙO_®e.
`≥Å¡x|@ìÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ ^èŒiOz, áêÅJ#fl=Ú =∂„`«"Õ∞ XHõÑ¨Ó@
k#∞K«∂ nHΔÍ^è•iÜ≥ÿ∞, x~°˚#„Ñ¨^Õâ◊=ÚÅO^Œ∞ ~å„u"Õà◊ k#=Ú#‰õΩ
2500 =O`«∞# 21 k#=ÚÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞. z=~À¡
ÑÖKå=∞$`«=ÚÅ∞ J#QÍ P=ÙáêÅ∞, P=Ù ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞, `Õ<≥, ÑÖKå^•~°
g\˜`À HõeÑ≤ P „^Œ=ºO`À P~°∞ "ÕÅ =∂~°∞¡ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© „Ñ‘uQÍ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O
K≥Ü∂« ºe. Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O =Úyã≤# Ñ≤^ÑŒ ,¨ Ñ¨KÛ« Hõ~∂° Ê~°=Ú, ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞Ñ¨Ù=Ùfi,
Ñ¨ O K« ^ •~° Hõ e y# P=ÙáêÅ`À P~° ∞ =O^Œ Å Ñ¨ ~ åºÜ« ∞ =ÚÅ∞
H©Δ~°`«~°Ê}QÆ∂_® K≥Ü«∂ºe.
Ü«∞^è•„Hõ=∞OQÍ W~°∞=^˘Hõ¯ ~ÀAÅ∞ ™ê^èŒ##∞ xifiÑ¶¨∞flOQÍ
Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍqOz# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ Éè’QÆÜ«∞H˜Δ}˜ „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. P"≥∞
^Œ~°≈#=Ú =Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx â◊s~°=Ú #∂`«# k=º#∞Éèí∂`«∞Å`À xO_ç,
ãÖ`À+¨=Ú #O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞. Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =~°q∞zÛ J^Œ$â◊º"≥∞ÿ# "≥O@<Õ
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ J#fl ^•#=Ú QÍqOK«∞@ =∞Ozq.
Éè’QÆÜ«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«ã≤kú Hõey# "åxH˜ ã¨HõÅ Éè’QÆ=ÚÅ∞,
ãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ∞ ã¨=∞‰õÄ_ç x~°O`«~å#O^Œ=∞Ü≥ÿ∞# rq`«=Ú QÆ_»∞Ñ¨Ù
28
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
K«∞O_»∞#∞. „Ñü k#=Ú Ü«∞H˜Δ}©^Õ=`« ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ S^Œ∞ |OQÍ~°∞
<å}ˇ=ÚÅ∞ WzÛáÈ=ÙK«∞O_»QÆÅ^Œ∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `«# xÜ«∞=∞=Ú
`« Ñ ¨ Ê #O`« H ÍÅ=Ú D „Ñ¨ H Í~° " Õ ∞ |OQÍ~° ∞ <å}ˇ = ÚÅ∞
á⁄O^Œ∞K«∞O_»QÆÅ_»∞. Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Õ=`« WzÛ# „^Œ=ºOÖ’ H˘O`« ÉèÏQÆºO
^èŒ~°‡HÍ~°º=ÚÅ‰õΩ (=ÚYºOQÍ J#fl^•#=Ú#‰õΩ) "≥zÛOÑ¨ÙK«∞#fl
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ñ¨Ù„`«áœ„`«∞Å∞ QÆ∂_® ã¨HõÅ Éè’QÆ–ÉèÏQÆº=ÚÅ∞ QÆeyÜ«ÚO_»
QÆÅ~°∞. ™êfi~°ú"Õ∞ Ñ¨~°=∂=kèQÍQÆÅ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Ñ¨~°=∂~°÷=Ú#∞ E_»x
Ü≥∞_»Å D ãïãÖÑ¨^ÖŒ Ï`«x`À<Õ JO`«iOz – ãÖ`å#=Ú, q∞ye#
=Oâ◊=ÚÅ "å~°∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê ^Œi„^Œ ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞.
Ü«∞HΔ̃}˜ ^Œ~°≈#q∞zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ =∞#ã¨∞û K«eOÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. P ^Õ=`«
áê^Œ=ÚÅ‰õΩ #=∞ã¨¯iOz JOle Ñ¶¨∞\Õz q#Ü«∞OQÍ XHõ¯ „Ñ¨Hõ¯#
xÅ|_ç =ÙO_®e. ^Õ=`«#∞ ™ÈÎ„`«O KÕã≤ ''ã¨fi~°~‚ `° fl« =∞}˜ =¢™êÎ^•ºÉè~í }°
Éè’QÆ™œYºO ^ÕÇ≤Ï^ÕÇ≤Ï—— Jx Ñ¨ÅHÍe. JÑ¨C_® ^Õ=`« ''`«^è•ã¨∞Î—— Jx
Ñ¨Å∞¯@QÍh, ÖËHõ U^Õx ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx H˘ãÖQÆ∞@QÍhKÕã≤ J^Œ$â◊º=Ú HÍQÆ
Å^Œ∞. J@∞¡ [iy# Ü≥∞_»Å =∞O„`«ã≤kú KÕ‰õÄi#@∞¡ „QÆÇ≤ÏOÑ¨=Öˇ#∞——.
29
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=jHõ~°} Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO ^•fi~°^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ „Ç‘ÏO ™êÇ¨ I
r= #nf~° =∞O^Œ∞ #kÜ≥Ú_»∞#¤ `«#HÔ \˜ì P@OHõ=ÚÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆx
ã¨Å÷ =∞On =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ Ñ¨Ù~°âÛ◊ ~°} QÍqOÑ¨=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. 40 k#=ÚÅ∞
nHõΔ QÆey „Ñü k#=Ú #kÜ«∞O^Œe =∞\˜ìx =Ú^ŒÌQÍ *Ëã≤
`«#=ÚOk_»∞H˘x – â◊√z~°∂ƒù`«∞_≥· ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® =∞\ì̃=Ú^Œ∞Ì#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOz
ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ 5500 =∂~°∞¡ [Ñ≤OK«∞ K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. =∞^èºŒ Ö’ HõÅ∞QÆ∞
LÑ¨„^Œ==ÚÅ‰õΩ zeOÑ¨Hõ `«# ™ê^èŒ# H˘#™êyOz#Ñ≤=∞‡@,
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞QÆ∞O_»=Ú <Õ~°Ê~°z ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú`À 22 "ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞
<≥~Úº QÆeÑ≤# QÆ∞yæÅ=Ú#∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú QÍqOz# Ü«∞H˜Δ}©^Õq
^Œ~°≈#q∞=fiQÆÅ^Œ∞.
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Œ~°≈#=ÚKÕ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ#‰õΩ "≥∞ÿHõ=Ú ~å=K«∞Û#∞. Hõ#∞Hõ
=ÚO^Œ∞ *Ï„QÆ`«ÎÅ∞ fã¨∞H˘x Ü«∞HΔ̃}©^Õqx ã¨∞ÎuOz# Ü«∞_»Å P ^Õ=`«
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Pj~°fikOz Ç¨ÏŸ=∞QÆ∞O_»=Ú #O^ŒO`«~åú#=Ú *ˇO^Œ∞#∞.
JkÜÕ∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ ã≤kú, =~°ÅaúQÍ ^ŒÅOÑ¨=Öˇ#∞. J@∞ Ñ≤=∞‡@ P
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞QÆ∞O_»=Ú #O^Œe Éèíã¨‡=Ú#∞ *Ï„QÆ`«ÎÑ¨~°z P Éèíã¨‡=Ú
<≥=it~°=ÚÃÑ· "≥·z# "åÔ~Å¡~°∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ `«HõΔ}=∞O^Õ =â◊=~°∞ÎÖˇ·
ã¨HõÅ=∞<Àcè+¨ì=ÚÅ∞ <≥~°"Õ~°ÊQÆÅ=Ù. ~åAÅ∞, ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞, ÑÖ_ç`«∞Å∞,
â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ∞ – "≥Ú^ŒÖ#·ˇ "åÔ~Å¡~∂° PÉèãí ‡¨ â◊HÎ˜ =Å# HÕHõ~∞° Å=ÖË "≥∞Åy
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx P[˝Å∞ áê\ÕÑ¨QÆÅ~°∞.
30
8
8D ™ê^èŒ# ã≤kúOz# Ñ≤^ŒÑ¨ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ "Õ~˘Hõ =∞O„`« ™ê^èŒ#
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
KÕÜ«∞QÆ∂_»^Œ∞. J\Á¡#iÛ# Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú KÕã≤# D =jHõ~°} Ü«∞H˜Δ}© â◊H˜Î

#tOÑ¨QÆÅQÆ∞. D Ü«∞H˜Δ}© „Ñ¨ÉèÏ==∞##º=Ú ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ãÖHõÅÊ
=∂„`«=ÚKÕ ~åAÅ∞ K«`«∞~°OQÆ|ÅÜ«Ú‰õΩÎÖˇ· QÆ$Ç¨Ï=Ú =ÚOy@
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ^Œ~°≈#=Ú#ÔH· "ÕzÜ«ÚO_»QÆÅ~°∞. Ü≥∞Å¡[#∞Å∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx
^Œ~°≈#, gHõΔ}, ÉèÏ+¨} ¿ãflÇ¨Ï=ÚÅ #¿ÑH˜ΔOz K«O„^Œ∞x H˘~°‰õΩ
K«HÀ~°=ÚÅ=ÖË Z^Œ∞~°∞ EK«∞K«∞O_≥^~Œ ∞° . ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x ã¨~fi° =∞<Àcè+=ì¨ ÚÅ∞
ã≤kúOÑ¨QÆÅ~°∞.
J^Œ$â◊º Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO Hõ#Hõ =u Hõ~°g~°ˆH ™êfiÇ¨ II
TiÉˇ·@ áê_»∞|_ç# t"åÅÜ«∞=Ú#On q^Œº#∞ ™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. U <≥ÅÜ«∞O^≥#· #∞ |Ç¨ïà◊ J+¨qì ∂ ukä<å_»∞ „áê~°OÉèOí z
J=∂"åã¨º =~°‰õΩ QÆÅ U_»∞ k#=ÚÅ∞ LÑ¨"åã¨ „=`«nHõΔQÆÅ"å_≥·
„Ñük#=Ú ~å„u"Õà◊ÅO^Œ∞ t=eOQÆ=Ú =^ŒÌ ^ŒH˜Δ} =ÚY=ÚQÍ
‰õÄ~°∞Ûx k#=Ú#‰õΩ Zxq∞k "ÕÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«O [ÑÖKÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
D [Ñ¨ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ~ÀA ~ÀAH© J<ÕHõ ÉèíÜ«∂#Hõ ã¨xfl"Õâ◊=ÚÅ∞
Hõ#∞Ñ≤OK«∞#∞. H˘O^ŒiH˜ "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ =∂=¸Å∞QÍ<Õ =ÙO_ç z=i~ÀA#
PHõã‡≤ Hõ Ñ¨sHõÅΔ ∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞K«∞O_»∞#∞. "Õ\H˜ © K«eOÑ¨x ã≤~÷ z° `«OÎ `À "≥Ú`«OÎ
31
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
Jxfl k#=ÚÅ∞ [ÑÖ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ QÍqOz PYik#=∞O^Œ∞ (J=∂"åã¨º)
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú Éˇ\ ˜ì "ÕÑ¨Ñ¨ÙÅ¡Å`À, <Õu`À 5600 =∂~°∞¡ – Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O
QÍqOz#. P Ç¨ÏŸ=∞QÆ∞O_»=Ú #∞O_ç Ü«∞H˜}Δ © ^Õ=`« ^Œ~≈° # q∞=fiQÆÅ^Œ∞.
U q^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# ÉèíÜ«∞=Ú, "≥∂Ç¨Ï=Ú, `˘„@∞áê@∞ ÖËHõ P ^Õ=`«‰õΩ
„Ñ¨^HŒ }Δ˜ =Ú QÍqOz KÕ`∞« Å∞ *’_çOz q#Ü«∞OQÍ „áêi÷OKåe. JÑ¨C_®
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© z~°∞=∞O^ŒÇ¨ãÖ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞
''J^Œ$â◊ºHõ~°} â◊H˜ÎO ^ÕÇ≤Ï ^ÕÇ≤Ï—— Jx ^À~ÚeEÑ¨=Öˇ#∞. JÑ¨C_®
^Õ=`« `«^•è ã¨∞Î Jx J^Œ$â◊º=∞QÆ∞#∞. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ =~°Åaú á⁄Ok#@∞¡^ÅŒ z,
Ñ¨~"° ∞Õ â◊fi~°∞x (eOQÆ=Ú#∞) Ñ¨ÓlOz Ç¨ÏŸ=∞Éèãí ‡¨ =Ú#∞ "≥Ú`«=Î Ú *Ï„QÆ`Î«
Ñ¨~°K«∞H˘#=Öˇ#∞. áê_»ºq∞ ~ÀA# J#fl ãÖ`«Ê~°} QÍqOz, ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ
Jj~åfi^Œ=Ú á⁄O^Œ=Öˇ#∞.
D „Ñ¨HÍ~°=Ú Ü«∞H˜}Δ © ã≤kxú á⁄Ok# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞ Éèãí ‡¨ =Ú
#O^Œ∞ P=Ù <≥~Úº HõeÑ≤ Ñ¨^ŒH˘O_»∞ =∂~°∞¡ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O [Ñ≤ã¨∂Î
P Éè í ã ¨ ‡ =Ú#∞ ~° O QÆ i Oz #∞^Œ ∞ @ uÅHõ = ÚQÍ Éˇ @ ∞ì H ˘#QÍ
W`«~°∞Öˇ=fiiH© Hõ#∞Ñ≤OÑ¨Hõ J^Œ$â◊º~°∂Ñ¨=Ú #O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞. `å#∞
Hõ#∞Ñ≤OÑ¨=Öˇ#x ^ŒÅz#Ñ¨C_® uÅHõ=Ú#∞ Z_»=∞ KÕu`À K≥iÑ≤"ãÕ #≤
uiy JO^ŒiH© Hõ#∞Ñ≤OK«QÆÅ_»∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ uÅHõ=Ú#∞ ^èŒiOz
Ü«ÚO_»QÍ, ^Õ"åÅÜ«∞ =ÚÅ‰õΩ áÈ=Ù@, ¢ã‘Î ãÖQÆ=∞ "≥Ú#~°∞Û@
Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞. â◊H˜Î #tOÑ¨ |_»QÆÅ^Œ∞.
32
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
q^•º Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO "Õ^Œ=∂`«$Éèíºó ™êfiÇ¨ II
HÍoHÍ ^ÕqQÆ∞_çÖ’ Dâß#º=¸ÅQÍ =ÚÑ¨Êk Ô~O_»∞ =¸~°Å∞
QÆÅ (16 QÆ*ÏÅ∞) „Ñ¨^Õâßxfl K«Hõ¯QÍ P=Ù¿Ñ_»KÕ PeHÕz, qq^èŒ
~°OQÆ∞Å∞ QÆÅ =ÚQÆ∞æ~°∞ niÛ ^•x =∞^èŒº# ëÈ_»â◊ ^Œà◊ Ñ¨^Œ‡=Ú
edOz=ÙOK«=Öˇ#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ â◊√z~°∂ƒù`«∞_≥· „=`«nHõΔ#∞ ã‘fiHõiOz
=∞iÜ«Ú =∞ø#„=`«=Ú QÆÅ"å_≥·, ëÈ_»â◊^Œà◊ Ñ¨^Œ‡O =∞^èŒºÖ’ lOHõ
K« ~ ° ‡ =Ú "Õ ã ≤ , ^•xÃÑ· `« ∂ ~° ∞ Ê =ÚY=ÚQÍ ‰õ Ä ~° ∞ Ûx [Ñ¨ O
„áê~°OaèOKåe. `«#‰õΩ ™ê^èŒ#, q∞„`«`å~°Å∞ QÆey# |Ç¨ïà◊
^Œâ◊q∞<å_»∞ „=`«nHõΔ|∂x, â◊√^ŒúK«`«∞~°út =~°‰õΩ QÆÅ W~°∞=k ~ÀAÅ∞
k#=Ú#‰õΩ 2500 =O`«∞# =∞O„`«[Ñ¨=Ú QÍqOÑ¨ÙK«∂ ˆH=ÅO
Ñ¶¨Å=ÚÅ∞, áêÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ PÇ¨~°OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ `«^ÕHõ nHõΔ`À
~å„u "Õà◊ÅO^Œ∞ `«#™ê^èŒ# H˘#™êyOKåe. U J"åO`«~°=ÚÅ‰õΩ
K«eOÑ¨QÆ∂_»^Œ∞.
Ñ¨Ù#flq∞~ÀA ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ #Å∞QÆ∞~°∞ Ü≥∂QÆº"≥∞#ÿ ¢ãÅÎ‘ ‰õΩ JÉèºí OQÆ
™êfl#=Ú *Ë~ÚOz `≥Å¡x #∂`«# =G=ÚÅ#∞ ^èŒiOÑ¨*Ëã≤ "åix
`å#∞ ‰õÄ~˘Û#∞ ëÈ_»â^◊ àŒ ◊ Ñ¨^•‡=Ú#‰õΩ <åÅ∞æ k‰õΩ¯ÅO^Œ∞ Pã¨#=ÚÅ∞
"≥·z `«# "≥·Ñ¨Ù#‰õΩ "åi =ÚY=ÚÅ∞O_»∞ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_»
*ËÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. D ¢ã‘ÎÅÖ’ `«∂~°∞Ê# ‰õÄ~°∞Û#fl"åiH˜ 8 ãÖII ^ŒH˜Δ} kâ◊
Ü«∞O^Œ∞ xÜ«∞q∞OK«∞ <å"≥∞‰õΩ 16 ãÖII Ñ¨tÛ=∞ kâ◊Ü«∞O^Œe ¢ã‘ÎH˜,
24 ãÖII L`«Î~°=Ú#, 32 ãÖII QÆÅ ¢ã‘ÎÅ<Õ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_» *ËÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
33
8
8™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `≥Å¡x =G=ÚÅ∞ ^èŒiOz `«∞~°∞Ê #∞Oz =~°∞ã¨
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
„Hõ = ∞OÖ’ P ¢ã‘ Î Å #∞ QÆ O ^è Œ Ñ ¨ Ù +¨ Ê =∂ÖÏº^Œ ∞ Å KÕ ` « ^è Œ ∂ Ñ¨ n Ñ¨

<≥ · " Õ ^ •º^Œ ∞ ÅKÕ ` « qkè Q Í Ñ¨ Ó lOK« = Öˇ # ∞. S^Œ ∞ Ñ¨ O Kå=∞$`«
HõÅâ◊=ÚÅ∞Ozx "ÕkOz, JO^Œ∞<åÅ∞æ HõÅâ◊=ÚÅ∞ "åi #Å∞æiH©
„`åQÆ∞@‰õΩ <˘ãÖQÆ=Öˇ#∞. J@∞ Ñ≤=∞‡@ Jyflx „Ñ¨[fieOÑ¨*ãË ≤ "≥∂^Œ∞QÆ
ã¨ q ∞^è Œ Å ∞, P=Ù<≥ ~ Úº =∞iÜ« Ú S^Œ = Hõ Å â◊ = Ú #O^Œ e
ÑÖKå=∞$`«=ÚÅ∞ HõeÑ≤ 10,000 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú QÍqOÑ¨
=Öˇ#∞. D Ç¨ÏŸ=∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ D #Å∞æ~°∞ ¢ã‘ÎÅÖ’ Z=~À XHõiÃÑ·H˜
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Õ=`« P=Ç≤ÏOÑ¨QÆÅ^Œ∞. ^•xH˜ QÆ∞~°∞ÎQÍ ^Õ=`« P=Ç≤ÏOz#
¢ã‘Î qHÍ~° KÕ+¨ìÅ∞ QÍqOz ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx „Ñ¨Ö’ÉèíÑ¨~°∞K«∞@‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflã¨∂Î
=ÙO@∞Ok. ÖËHõ 8 ãÖIIÉÏeHõÃÑ· P=Ç≤ÏOz# P ÉÏeHõ ÖËz
"≥o§áÈ`å#x, <å‰õΩ ÉèíÜ«∞OQÍ=ÙO^Œx Éˇkiã¨∂Î H˘xfl ãÖ^Œ~åƒùÅÖ’
ÃÑ^ŒÌQÍ #=fi@O, JuQÍ U_»fi@O, W`«~°∞ÅH˘~°ÔH· ÃÑ^ŒÌQÍ ˆHHõÅ∞
"ÕÜ∞« @O KÕã∞¨ OÎ @∞Ok. D PÅ[_çH˜ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ `«# =∞ø#„=`åxflQÍh,
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl QÍh =^ŒÅ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. `«# ^è•ºã¨#∞, UHÍ„QÆ`«#∞
=∞~°ÅÊQÆ∂_»^Œ∞. UkÜÕ∞"≥∞ÿ#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© P Ç¨ÏŸ=∞ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O Ñ¨ÓiÎ
QÍqOKåe`«#`À áê@∞QÍ D Ç¨ÏOQÍ=∂‰õΩ q∞ye# ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ Éˇ^Œi
ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_ç áêiáÈ‰õΩO_® =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ<Õ *Ï„QÆ`«Î =Ç≤ÏOKåe. ~Ú@∞¡
^è~·≥ º° ™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ`À Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ =ÚyOKÕãi¨ H˜ Ü«∞H˜}Δ ˜ P=Ç≤ÏOz#
=ºH˜Î ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx=OHõ f„=OQÍ, J`«^ÕHõOQÍ K«∂_»@O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
JÑ¨C_»∞ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ ÖËz P ^Õ=`å=Ç≤ÏOz# =ºH˜HÎ ˜ „Ñ¨^HŒ }Δ˜ O QÍqOz,
™êëêìOQÆ #=∞™ê¯~°O KÕã≤, JO[e Ñ¶¨∞\Õz „áêi÷Oz ''Éè’=∂`å!
q^•ºO^ÕÇ≤ÏO, ^èŒ#O^ÕÇ≤Ï, ã¨∞YO^ÕÇ≤Ï, Ü«∞â◊O^ÕÇ≤Ï—— Jx QÆOcè~°OQÍ
34
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
Ñ¨ÅHÍe. `«HõΔ}=∞O^Õ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© J#∞„QÆÇ¨ÏO Åaèã¨∞ÎOk. P Ü«∞H˜Δ}©
J=Ç≤ Ï `« =ºH˜ Î "≥ ∞ ÿ H õ O =zÛ#@∞¡ Q Í Ty `å#∞„`åy#
ÑÖKå=∞$`«=ÚÅ#∞ "åOu KÕã¨∞ÎOk. P J^Œ#∞Ö’ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ XHõ
áê„`«Ö’ "åOuÜ≥Ú#iOK«∞ ÑÖKå=∞$`«=ÚÅ#∞|\˜ì ''Hõ$`å~åúã‡≤ =∂`å
Hõ$`å~Àúã≤‡—— Jx Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∂ P ÑÖKå=∞$`«=ÚÅ#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ
„`åQÆ=Öˇ#∞.
W^ŒO`å z„`«OQÍ [iyáÈ`«∞Ok. JO`å `Õ~°∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞.
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_çH˜ X_»Å∞, "≥∞^Œ_»∞ qz„`å#∞Éèí∂`«∞Å „Ñ¨HõOÑ¨#ÅÖ’
`ÕeáÈ`«∞Ok. J\Ï¡ [iy`Õ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ã≤kúKÕ‰õÄi#>Ë¡! P `«~åfi`«
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® ¢ã‘ÎÅ #∞z`«su ã¨`«¯iOz ÑÖÑ≤"ÕÜ«∂e. Jk "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞H˘x
™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ Jxfl q^ŒºÅ∞ Hõ~°`«ÖÏ=∞ÅOHõ=∞QÆ∞#∞. JHõΔ~°*Ï˝#O
ÖËx"å_»∞QÆ∂_® =∞Ç¨ ÑÖ_ç`«∞_≥· U q^ŒºÜ«∞O^≥·<å `«# „áêg}Ïºxfl
"≥Å¡_çã¨∞ÎO\Ï_»∞. ÑÖ_ç`«Ö’HõOKÕ Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨|_»`å_»∞. ^èŒ#–^è•#º
ãÖÑ¨^ÅŒ ∞ ã¨∞Å∞=ÙQÍKÕ‰Äõ i JdÅ ã¨∞MÏÅ∞ á⁄O^Œ∞`å_»∞. JO^ŒiKÕ`«
H©iÎOÑ¨|_ç kQÆO`«H©iÎx ãÖáêkOz, MÏºu QÆ_çOK«QÆÅ_»∞.
D ™ê^è#Œ |Ç¨ï Hõ+`ì¨ ~« "° ∞≥ #ÿ ^≥<· å Ñ¶e¨ `«O qâı+Ö¨ ÏÉèHí ~õ "° ∞≥ #ÿ k.
nxfl ™êkèOK«\ÏxH˜ F~°∞Ê, <Õ~°∞Ê`À ÉÏ@∞QÍ ^èŒ#OQÆ∂_® ÉÏQÍ
J=ã¨~°O. Jxfl\˜Hõ<åfl =ÚYºO `«#K≥Ñ¨CKÕ`«ÅÖ’ =ÙO_Õ ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞
ÅaèOK«@O, ~Ú=hfl ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ ã¨=∞‰õÄi<å z=i HõΔ}OÖ’ HõeˆQ
Ñ¨sHõΔÅ∞, Ç¨Ï\Ï`«Êi}Ï=∂Å∞ x„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«∞HÀ=@O Ju^Œ∞~°¡ÉèíO.
KåÖÏ=∞Ok D ™ê^èŒ#KÕã≤ z=~À¡ x„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«∞HÀÖËHõ =∞uã≤÷q∞`«O
ÖËHõ u~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°O>Ë Juâ◊Ü≥∂H˜Î HÍ^Õ"≥∂?
35
8
8 =∞^Œ#"Õ∞YÖÏ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç¨˙O =∞^Œ# "Õ∞YÖË#=∞ó ™êfiÇ¨ II
`«# Hõ#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞#ÿ "å`å=~°}OQÆÅ „Ñ¨^âÕ O◊ Ö’ WÑ¨ÊK≥@∞ì „HÕ^Œ
D =∞O„`«™ê^èŒ# x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKåe. D „áêO`«=Ú ÅO^Œ∞ W`«~°∞Å∞
u~°∞QÆ‰õΩO_® K«∂K«∞HÀ"åe. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ P K≥@∞ì „HÕ^Œ ã¨÷Å=Ú#∞
ÉÏQÆ∞KÕã≤ JeHÕz =ÚQÆ∞æÅ∞ "Õ~ÚOKåe. Ñ¨Ói‚=∞ ÖËHõ â◊√„Hõ"å~°=Ú
~ÀA# „áê~°OaèOz =~°∞ã¨QÍ 41 ~ÀAÅ∞ ~å„u "ÕàÅ◊ On=∞O„`«=Ú#∞
k#=Ú#‰õΩ 8 "ÕÅ=O`«∞# [Ñ≤Oz, #Å∞|k XHõ@=<å_»∞ P=Ù<≥~Úº,
J#fl=Ú, WÑ¨ÊÑ¨ÓÅ∞, ã¨∞QÆO^èŒ „^Œ=º=ÚÅ`À 32 "ÕÅ∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú
QÍqOz# PHÍâ◊=Ú #O^Œ∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ â◊|Ì=Ú ^èŒfixOz Hõ#∞Å∞ q∞~°∞q∞@∞¡
Q˘Å∞Ê HÍOu XHõ\ ˜ Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ·H˜ (™ê^èŒ‰õΩx =^ŒÌ‰õΩ) =K«∞Û#∞. JÑ¨C_»∞
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ cèu*ˇO^ŒHõ JO[e |^Œ∞_ú ·≥ ^Õ=`«‰Ωõ „áêi÷OÑ¨QÍ =∞^Œ#"Õ∞YÅ
„Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞.
™êHΔÍ¯`«¯iOz# Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜H˜ „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ} #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ QÍqOz
''áêÇ≤Ï=∂O=∂`å áêÇ≤Ï=∂O =~°O^ÕÇ≤Ï =~°O^ÕÇ≤Ï—— Jx „áêi÷OÑ¨QÍ
P ^Õ=`« ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˘Hõ k"åºO[#=ÚÅ∞ „Ñ¨™êkOz (WzÛ)
J^Œ$â◊º=∞QÆ∞#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® JO[#=Ú#∞ Ju*Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ Éèí„^ŒÑ¨~°z,
J=ã¨~°=∞QÆ∞#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜x ã¨‡iOz Hõ#∞flÅ‰õΩ ^èŒiOz# Ü≥∞_»Å,
J^Œ$jHõ~°} â◊H˜Î ÅaèOz J`«_≥=fiiH© Hõ#∞Ñ¨Ñ≤OÑ¨_»∞. Hõ#∞Ñ≤OÑ¨Hõ
^•y =Ù#fl =xflÜ«¸ ã¨Ê+¨ì=ÚQÍ Hõ#∞Ñ≤OÑ¨QÆÅ=Ù.
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8
8D=∞^Œ# "Õ∞YÖÜ«∞H˜Δ}˜ ã≤kú=Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ J^Œ$jHõ~°}â◊H˜Î
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
á⁄O^Œ∞@ÜÕ∞QÍHõ, ^èŒ#Éè’QÆãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ#Ok ã¨∞dOÑ¨QÆÅ_»∞. Éèí∂q∞

Ü«∞O^Œe x^èŒ∞Å∞, h\˜Ü«∞O^Œe x^èŒ∞Å∞, h\˜ Ü«∞O^Œe =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞,
=∂~°~æ Ç° Ï≤ `«"∞≥ #ÿ QÆ∞Ç¨ÏÅ∞, aÅ=ÚÅO^Œe q+¨Ü∞« =ÚÅ∞ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x ^Œ$+≤Hì ˜
Hõ#∞Ñ≤OÑ¨QÆÅ=Ù. D q^ŒºÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ "≥∞ÅQÆ∞@
J=ã¨~°=Ú. ^Õ=`« Ü≥ÚãÖy# JO[#=Ú#∞ W`«~°∞Å∞ K«∂z##∞
ã¨Êi≈Oz##∞, Hõ+Oì≤ z ™êkèOz#ã≤kú #tOÑ¨QÅÆ ^Œ∞. JO[#=Ú ^èiŒ Oz
^Õ"åÅÜ«∞=Ú Å‰õΩ "≥à◊§ ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ¢ã‘Î ãÖQÆ=∞=Ú KÕÜ«∞QÆ∂_»^Œ∞. D
xÜ«∞=∞=ÚÅ#∞ `«Ñ¨ÊHõ, „Ñü k#=ÚQÍh ÖËHõ „ÑüÑ¨Ói‚=∞ Ü«∞O^Œ∞
QÍh 108 =∞O„`« [Ñ¨=Ú QÍqOÑ¨Ù K«∞#fl ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ P[<å‡O`«=Ú
J^Œ$â◊ºã≤kú Hõey ã¨∞YÑÖ^ŒÅ #O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞.
ã¨∞Ö’K«<å Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO ÔH¡ÂO ã¨∞Ö’K«<åkfi ^Õg ™êfiÇ¨ II
[# ãÖKå~°=Ú ÖË#@∞=O\˜#n f~°„áêO`«OÖ’ #k X_»∞¤#
XO@iQÍ 40 k#=ÚÅ∞ k#=Ú#‰õΩ 5000 =O`«∞# [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞.
U k#=Ú HÍk#=Ú #kÜ«∞O^Œe h\˜x XHõ Hõ_»=xO_® H˘x^≥zÛ
=ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù, ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞, Ñ¨ÓÅ∞, JHõΔ`«Å∞, JQÆ~°∞, K«O^Œ<å^Œ∞Å`À
JÑ¶¨∞@=Ú#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOz, ^èŒ∂Ñ¨q∞zÛ, =∞^èŒº=∂Oã¨=ÚÅ∞ x"ÕkOz
#=∞ã¨¯iOz [ÑÖ H˘# ™êyOKåe.
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx, F~°∞Ê#∞ „ÑüHõΔ}=Ú ^Õ=`« Ñ¨sH˜ΔOÑ¨Ù K«∞O_»∞#∞.
ã≤~ú ° z`«=Î ÚQÆe,æ Hõ_∞» x„QÆÇÏ¨ O`À ™ê^è#Œ HõO`« ~åÜ«∞OÖË‰Ωõ O_® #Å∞|k
37
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
k#=ÚÅ∞ [ÑÖÑ¨ÓiÎQÍqOz #Å∞|k XHõ@=<å_»∞ ~å„u ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞QÆ∞O_»=Ú <Õ~åÊ@∞ QÍqOz ^•xH˜ `«∂~°∞Ê Dâß#º (PˆQflÜ«∞)
ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ XHõ JÅOHõiOz# #Å¡"Õ∞Hõ#∞ Hõ\ ˜ì"≥·z, L`«Î~° =ÚYOQÍ
‰õÄ~°∞Ûx, P=Ù<≥~Úº, "Õ∞_ç„Ñ¨q∞^ŒÅ∞, H©Δ~å#fl=ÚÅ`À 20,000
Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞, Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú QÍqOÑ¨=Öˇ#∞.
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú „áê~°OaèOz#k "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ „Ñ¨H$õ u f„= ÉèÜ í ∞« OHõ~O° QÍ
=∂iáÈQÆÅ^Œ∞. PHÍâ◊OÖ’ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ÃÑ^ŒÌ P~°∞Ñ¨ÙÅ∞, ˆHHõÅ∞, U_»∞Ñ¨ÙÅ∞,
qHõ\Ï@ìÇ¨ ™êÅ∞ ^èfiŒ xOz ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x =∂#ã≤Hõ Ãã~Â÷ º° =Ú#∞ áÈQ˘@∞ì@‰õΩ
„Ñ¨ Ü « ∞ uflOK« ∞ #∞. D qÑ¨ s `« = ÚÅ‰õ Ω K« e OÑ¨ H õ ^è ≥ · ~ ° º O`À
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKåe. XH˘¯Hõ¯ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ `å#∞Hõ\ "ì˜ ãÕ #≤
"Õ∞Hõ Hõ$~°=∞$QÆOQÍ =∂i `«#ÃÑ· ^Œ∞=Ú‰õΩK«∞#fl@∞¡O@∞Ok. J~Ú<å
K«eOÑ¨‰Äõ _»^∞Œ . Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O Ñïã¨=∂Ñ≤OÎ #O^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∂xH˜ "å`å=~°}O
„Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok. Ç¨ÏŸ=∞*ÏfiÅÅ∞ qq^èŒ ~°OQÆ∞ÅÖ’
Hõ # ∞Ñ≤ O K« ∞ #∞. ™ê^è Œ ‰ õ Ω xH˜ Jaè = ÚYOQÍ ã¨ ∞ Ö’K« < åÜ« ∞ H˜ Δ } ©
^Œ~≈° #q∞ã¨∞OÎ k. "≥O@<Õ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _® ^Õ=`«‰Ωõ ™êëêìOQÆ =∞™ê¯~° "≥Ú#iÛ
''¿ÇÏ[QÆ `«¯àÏº}˜ Ü«∞H˜}Δ © „Ñ¨ã#¨ flO‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞—— Jx „áêi÷OKåe. JÑ¨C_®
^Õ=`« ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ `«# JÉèÜ í ∞« Ç¨Ï™êÎxfl K«∂Ñ¨Ù`«∞Ok. "≥O@<Õ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞
Hõ\ =ì˜ ÙOz# "Õ∞Hõ#∞ qÑ≤Ê ^ÕqH˜ HÍ#∞HõQÍ ã¨=∞iÊOÑ¨ =Öˇ#∞. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x
ÉèíH˜ÎH˜ ãÖ`«∞+≤ì#Ok# Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ Ô~O_»∞ áê^Œ∞‰õΩÅ‰õΩ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx H˘ãÖy
JO`«~å÷#O *ˇO^Œ∞`«∞Ok. D áê^Œ∞HõÅ∞ ^èŒiOz# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞
"åÜ«Ú=∂~°Oæ QÆ∞O_® =∞<À"ÕQOÆ `À ZHõ¯_çHÔ <· å Hõ}Δ HÍÅOÖ’ Ñ¨Ü∞« xOÑ¨
QÆÅ_»∞. D ™ê^èŒ#Ü«∞O^Œ∞ QÆ∂_® áê^Œ∞HõÅ#∞ W`«~°∞Å∞ `å‰õΩ@
Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞.
38
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
ã¨∞~°ã¨∞O^Œi Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO PQÆK«Ûù PQÆK«Ûù ã¨∞~°ã¨∞O^Œs ™êfiÇ¨ II
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ x~°#˚ „Ñ¨^âÕ =◊ ÚÅO^Œ∞QÆÅ áê_»∞|_ç# t"åÅÜ«∞OÖ’
D ™ê^èŒ# „áê~°OaèOKåe. Ju ã¨fiÅÊ"≥∞ÿ# áêÅ J#fl=Ú XHõ¯ Ñ¨Ó@
Éè∞í lOK«∞K«∂ =∞ø# „Ñ¨^•è #ºOQÍ l`ÕO„kÜ«Ú_≥· =¸_»∞ ãÖ^èºŒ ÅÜ«∞O^Œ∞
=∞iÜ«Ú xjkèã=¨ ∞Ü«∞=∞O^Œ∞ `«_=» ‰õΩ 1008 =O`«∞# 40 k#=ÚÅ∞
x+¨ìQÍ t=eOQÆ=Ú# ÔH^Œ∞~°∞QÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx [ÑÖK≥Ü«∂ºe. „Ñü ãÖ^èŒº
Ü«∞O^Œ∞ [ÑÖÑ¨ÓiÎ J~Ú#`À_»<Õ P t=eOQÆ=Ú#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOz #=∞ã¨¯
iã¨∞ÎO_®e.
=ÚÑ¨Êk U_»∞ k#=ÚÅ∞ QÆ_»∞K«∞ =~°‰õΩ ™ê^èŒ# xifiÑ¶¨∞flOQÍ<Õ
H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∞Ok. z=i =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÖ’¡ TÇ¨f`«"≥∞ÿ# Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞
ãÖÉèíqOz nHΔÍ qÑ¶¨∞flO ãÖÉèíqOKÕ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=Ú QÆÅ^Œ∞. #Å∞|k=
~ÀA ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ t=eOQÆ=Ú# ÔH^Œ∞~°∞QÍ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞‰õΩO_»=Ú <Õ~åÊ@∞
QÍqOz, P=ÙáêÅ∞, K≥~°∞‰õΩ ~°ã¨=Ú, =∞^èŒ∞~°"≥∞ÿ# Ñ¶¨ÖÏÅ∞, ã¨∞OQÆO^èŒ
„^Œ"åºÅ∞, Ñ¨ÓÅ =∂ÅÅ∞ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞ÛH˘x, =∂ˆ~_»∞ Ñ¨à§◊ QÆ∞A˚, ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞
¿ÑÖÏÅ∞ HõeÑ≤ 16 "ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ =∞O„`ÀKåÛù~°} "≥Ú#~°∞ÛK«∞
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O K≥Ü«∂ºe. P áê_»∞|_ç# t"åÅÜ«∞O áê`åà◊OÖ’H˜
kyáÈ`«∞#fl@∞¡ qiyÑ¨_ç áÈ`«∞#fl@∞¡, `«#HõO`«‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú
Ñ¨ i K« Ü « ∞ =ÚO_ç `å#∞ "åOzè O z# ¢ã‘ Î Å ∞ q=GÖˇ · `« # #∞
ã¨q∂Ñ≤OK«∞`«∞#fl@∞¡ `«# ÉèÏ~åº Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ∞ ÖËHõ `«#‰õΩ „áê}ÏkèH"õ ∞≥ #ÿ "å~°∞
39
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8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
P~°Î<å^ŒO QÍqOÑ¨ÙK«∞#fl@∞¡, `«#‰õΩ Hõ#∞Ñ≤Oz ÉèÏ"À„^ÕHõ=Ú JkèHõ"≥∞ÿ,
x„QÆÇ¨Ï`«fiO HÀÖ’Ê#QÆÅ =∞Ô~<Àfl q^èŒ=ÚÖˇ·# Ñ¨sHõΔÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
g@xfl\˜H© `«@∞ìH˘x =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ K«OeOÑ¨hHõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O Ñ¨ÓiÎ
QÍqOz# `À_»<,Õ =∞OQÆà"◊ å^Œº Ñ¶∞¨ ’+¨Å∞ – Ñ¶∞¨ O\Ïâ◊OY x<å^Œ=ÚÅ∞
Hõeæ P PÅÜ«∞O |Ç¨ï„Ñ¨HÍâ◊=O`«=∞ø`«∞Ok. t=eOQÆ=Ú# "≥#∞Hõ
ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Õ=`« JÑ¨Ù~°∂Ñ¨ ™œO^Œ~°ºO`À „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞.
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ ^Õ=`å ™œO^Œ~°º=Ú#‰õΩ k„QÍƒùOu#Ok =∞#ã¨∞
K«eOÑ¨ ‰õΩO_® (Uq^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# ^Œ∞+¨ì`«ÅOÑ¨Ù ÖË‰õΩO_®) =∂`«$ÉèÏ=O`À
P ^Õ = `« ‰ õ Ω „Ñ¨ ^ Œ H ˜ Δ } #=∞™ê¯~° = ÚÅ∞ QÍqOz J~° … º q∞zÛ
`å#∞ã¨=∞‰õÄiÛ =ÙOz# áêÅ∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ „^Œ=º=ÚÖÏ ^ÕgH˘ãÖy#
P"≥∞ "å\˜ã‘fiHõiOz, ãÖ`«∞+¨ì#Ok, ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ez ã¨∞O^Œ~°
=∞O^Œã‡≤ `«^~Œ Ç° ¨ ã¨KO« „kHõÖÁÅ ~ÚOÑ¨ÙK«∂ ''`«$áêÎã‡≤ #~ÀÜ«∞O`«$áÈÎã‡≤ ,
H˜q∂Ñ≤û`«O=^Œ—— Jx Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ#∞. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»ÑC¨ _® Ü«∞H˜} Δ x© UkHÀ~åÖ’
`≥eÜ«∞x J=ºHÍÎ#∞Éè∂í `«∞ÅÖ’ =ÚxyáÈ~Ú=ÙO\Ï_»∞. Wk rq`«OÖ’
XHõ k"åº#∞Éèí∂u. ^•xH˜`À_»∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ™œO^Œ~°º =∂Ü«∂„Ñ¨Ö’ÉèíO
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. J~Ú<å ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `«# „â◊=∞ Ñ¶ëOKÕ PYi
HõΔ}OHÀãÖ l`ÕO„kÜ«Ú_≥· HÍK«∞H˘x =ÙO_ç, ^Õq`«#‰õΩ HÀiHõ
K≥Ñ¨Ê=∞x#`À_»<Õ, ''WO„^Œã¨=∂# Sâ◊fi~°ºÉè’QÍx ^ÕÇ≤Ï^ÕÇ≤Ï—— Jx
Ñ¨ Å HÍe. ^Õ = `« ''`« ^ è • ã¨ ∞ Î — — JO@∂ ™ê^è Œ ‰ õ Ω x Pj~° fi kOz
J^Œ$â◊º=∞ø`«∞Ok.
J@∞ Ñ≤=∞‡@ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_®^Õq Ñï`«ºlOz# Éèí∞HõÎâı+¨=Ú#∞
ã‘fiHõiOÑ¨QÍ, Ü«∞H©Δ}© ã≤kúHõeæ, â◊s~°O k=º`«fi=Ú #Ok#∂`«#"≥∞ÿ#
|Å=Ú =~°Ûã¨∞û, ãÖ`À+¨=Ú QÆÅ"å_»Q∞Æ #∞. Jk "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ „Ñü k#=Ú
40
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
~å„u "Õà◊ÅO^Œ∞ ™ê^èŒ‰Ωõ _»∞ XO\˜iQÍ UHÍO`«OQÍ â◊Ü«∞xã¨∞ÎO_®e.
J~°~÷ å„u ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ JO^≥Åã¨=fi_»∞Å`À JÑ¨Ù~°∂Ñ¨ ™œO^Œ~º° ~åâ◊√Öˇ#·
JÑ¨û~°ã¨ ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ k#=Ú# H˘Hõi=O`«∞# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx =∞Ok~°=Ú#‰õΩ
=zÛ, ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx`À Éè’yOz, ã¨∞~°u„H©_»Å∞ <≥~°Ñ≤, k"åº Éèí~°}=ÚÅ∞,
=G=ÚÅ∞, |OQÍ~°∞ <å}ˇ=ÚÅ∞, =„["≥·_»∂~åºk ~°`«fl ãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ∞
„Ñüx`«º=Ú ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx H˘ãÖy áÈ=ÙK«∞O_≥^Œ~°∞.
ã¨∞~°ã¨∞O^Œs Ü«∞H˜Δ}© qâı+¨=∞Ç≤Ï=∞ QÆÅk. D =∞O„`« ã≤kú
KÕ~°∞‰õÄ@ |Ç¨ï^Œ∞~°¡Éèí=Ú, D q^Œº U ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ ã≤kúOK«∞<À J`«_»∞
^èŒ#∞º_»∞. ã¨∞~°HÍO`«Å ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°º=ÚKÕ J`«xH˜ J=∞~°`«fiO ÅaèOz,
[~å, (=Úãë`«#=Ú) ~ÀQÆ ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞_≥· `«#‰õΩ ~åtÃÑ\˜ì# PÜ«Úó
„Ñ¨=∂}=Ú HõO>ˇ <åÅ∞æ Ô~@∞¡ PÜ«Ú~åÌÜ«∞=Ú QÆÅ"å_≥·, x`«º#∂`«
<ÀÖÏ¡ã¨=Ú`À ã¨=∞ã¨Î ãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ∞, Éè’QÆ=ÚÅ∞, Q“~°"åk èHÍ~°=ÚÅ∞
QÆÅ"å_≥· ã¨∞dOÑ¨QÆÅ_»∞.
=∞O„`«ãk≤ #ú Ok# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ `«# rq`«OÖ’ Z\˜ì Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« ÅÖ’#∞
U =∂#= ¢ãÜ Î‘ ∞« O^Œ∞ HÍ=∞"åOKè« Hõey Ü«ÚO_» ‰õÄ_»^∞Œ . á⁄~°áê@∞#
=∞#∞+¨μº HÍO`åãÖQÆ=∞O QÍqOz# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ ^Õ=HÍO`«Å P„QÆÇ¨ xH˜
QÆ∞iÜ≥ÿ∞ "åiKÕ â◊Ñ≤OÑ¨|_ç, x~åƒùQÆº"≥∞ÿ# ^Œ∞~°ƒù~°rq`«O QÆ_»Ñ¨=Åã≤
=ÙO@∞Ok.
=∂#= ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# P`åºâ◊`À D q^Œº#∞ ™êkèOÑ¨^ŒÅz Hõ$+≤
Ü≥Ú#iÛ#"å~°<Õ‰õΩÅ∞, ãÖÑ¶¨∞OÖ’ Ñ≤zÛ"åiQÍ ÑïQÆ}ÕÑ¨ |_»∞
`«∞<åfl~°∞. "åiH˜ Jhfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞. WO„kÜ«∞ x„QÆÇ¨ÏO HÀÖ’Ê=@O =Å#
"åi rq`åÅ∞ qëê^ŒÉèíi`«=ÚÖˇ·#q. giÖ’ ÉÏQÍ `≥eqQÆÅ"å~°∞,
q^•º"Õ`«ÎÅ∞, ã¨<åºã¨∞Å∞, Láêã¨‰õΩÅ∞ QÆ∂_® =Ù<åfl~°∞.
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8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
â◊‡âß# Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „H©O „H©O ÉèíQÆ=fÉè’º #=∞ó II
D =∞O„`« ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ Jq∞`«"≥∞ÿ# ^è≥·~°º ™êÇ¨Ïã¨=ÚÅ=ã¨~°=Ú.
XHõ x~°˚# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊=Ú#O^Œ∞#fl ~åqK≥@∞ì=^ŒÌ UHÍO`«OQÍ ~å„u
ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÅO^Œ∞ k#=Ú#‰õΩ S^Œ∞"ÕÅ=O`«∞# 40 k#=ÚÅ∞
ã≤÷~°z`«Î=Ú`À ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ÅHõΔ [Ñ≤Oz# `«~åfi`«, ¿ÑÖÏÅ∞,
‰õΩ_»∞=ÚÅ∞, =∞^Œº=∂Oã¨=ÚÅ∞ fã≤H˘x XO@iQÍ Pk"å~°O
~å„uÑ¨Ó@ â◊‡âß#=Ú#‰õΩ "≥o§ JHõ¯_» JO`«‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO â◊==Ú#∞
HÍeÛ# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊=∞O^Œ∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Õ=`« z„`«=Ú#∞ edOz, Ñ¨ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù
‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞ Ñ¨ÓÅ∞ Pz„`«=ÚÃÑ· Ñ¨ÓlOz z„`«=Ú#‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ QÆ[=ÚÅ∞
Ü≥∞_»=ÚQÍ K«∂@∂ìQÆ_çwz JQÆ_çÖ’Ñ¨Å, z„`«=Ú# ÔH^Œ∞~°∞QÍ ^ŒH˜Δ}
=ÚYOQÍ `å#∞‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_ç, QÆ_Ãç Ñ· Zxq∞k k‰õΩ¯ ÅO^Œ∞‰õΩ_»∞=ÚÅ∞Éˇ\,ì˜
QÆ_çH˜ "≥Å∞Ñ¨Å K«∞@∂ì ¿ÑÖÏÅ∞ K«Å¡=Öˇ#∞.
z„`«=Ú#‰õΩ `«#‰õΩ =∞^èŒº# náê~å^èŒ# KÕã≤ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Õ=`«#∞
^è•ºxOz =∞O„`«[ÑÖ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. D [Ñ¨ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ `«#
^Œ$+≤ìx z„`«=Ú#O^Œ∞Oz =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ K«OK«ÅÑ¨~°∞Ñ¨Hõ UHÍ„QÆã≤÷uHõeæ
[Ñ¨ "≥Ú#~°∞Û K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx =∞<ÀÃã÷Â~°º=Ú#∞ Ñ¨sHΔ̃OK«∞@‰õΩ
Ü«∞H˜}Δ ˜ qq^èŒ ~°∂áêÅ`À ÉèÜí ∂≥ `åÊ^ŒHõ "≥Ú#iÛ J@ìÇ¨ ãÖ QÍqã¨∞OÎ k.
J~Ú<å ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ K«eOÑ¨‰õΩO_® S^Œ∞"ÕÅ [ÑÖÑ¨ÓiÎ QÍqOz#
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8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
Ü≥∞_»Å `å#∞ „"åã≤# z„`«O Hõ^Œ∞Å∞`«∞Ok. JÑ¨C_»∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_®
z„`«=Ú#‰õΩ „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ} #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ QÍqOz `å#∞ `≥zÛ# =∞^Œº
=∂Oã¨=ÚÅ#∞ ã¨=∞iÊOz# Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ ãÖ`«∞+≤ì#Ok ''™ê^èŒHÍ!
HÕ"åOzè`«O— Jx Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∞Ok. D =∂@Å∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ =∂„`«"Õ∞
qxÑ≤OK«QÅÆ =Ù. JÑ¨C_»∞ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ JO[e Ñ¶∞¨ \Õz ''Éè’=∂`«! PQÆ`«
J<åQÆ`« Éèí∂`« Éèíq+¨º`ü =~°Î=∂# q+¨Ü«∞ Ñï„QÆÇ¨Ïºã≤kúO ^ÕÇ≤Ï ^ÕÇ≤Ï
JxÑ¨ÅHõQÍ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ^ÀãëÜ«∞O ^˘Hõ Jã≤ÎHõ (Z=ÚHõ) =ÙO_»QÆÅ^Œ∞.
P Z=ÚHõ ÅaèOK«∞@ =Å# ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩxH˜ =∞O„`«ã≤kú KÕ‰õÄ~°QÆÅ^Œ∞.
Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ WzÛ# Z=ÚHõ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx =^ŒÌ=Ù#flO`« HÍÅ=Ú D
[QÆ ` « ∞ Î # O^Œ ∞ [~° ∞ QÆ ∞ `« ∞ #fl, [~° ∞ QÆ É ’=ÙK« ∞ #fl, [iy# Jxfl
q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOÑ¨QÆÅâ◊H˜Î QÆÅ"å_»QÆ∞#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_Õ
q+¨Ü«∞=Ú QÆ∞iOz Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜x `«ÅOz##∞ P q+¨Ü«∞=Ú#∞ QÆ∞iOz
PHõ}Δ =∞O^Õ ã¨`º« "≥∞#ÿ "å~°ÅÎ #∞ Ü«∞H˜}Δ ˜ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ `≥Å∞Ñ¨ÙK«∞O_»QÅÆ ^Œ∞.
J~Ú`Õ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x =^ŒQÌ ÅÆ Z=ÚHõ#∞ H˘xáÈ=Ù@HÍ Ü«∞H˜}Δ © J#∞Hõ}Δ =Ú
„Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOÑ¨ÙK«∞<Õ Ü«∞O_»HõÅ^Œ∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® Pã≤ÎHõ#∞ Hõ_»∞ Éèí„^Œ=ÚQÍ
ZÅ¡"àÕ Å◊ O^Œ∞. â◊s~°=ÚÃÑ· ^èiŒ OzÜ«ÚO_ç# „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=ÚO_»^∞Œ . q_çQÍ
<≥K«Û@#∂ ÃÑ@ìQÆ∂_»^Œ∞.
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8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
â◊`«Ñ¨„`« Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç¨O â◊`«Ñ¨„uˆH „Ç‘ÏO „Ç‘ÏO NO H©¡O ™êfiÇ¨ II
"≥~Úº Kå=∞Ou "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ QÆÅ `À@ Ü«∞O^Œ∞
UHÍO`«OQÍ ~å„u ã¨=∞Ü«∂ÅÖ’ D =∞O„`« [ÑÖ KÕÜ«∂ºe. `å=∞~°
Ñ¨Ó=ÙÅ∞ QÆÅ H˘Å#∞ Ü«∞O^Œ∞ HõO~î°O Ö’`«∞# xÅ|_ç QÆ∂_® [OÑ¨
K≥Ü«∞º=K«∞Û#∞. D „Ñ¨HÍ~°O l`ÕO„kÜ«Ú_≥· k#=Ú#‰õΩ 2500
=O`«∞# 40 k#=ÚÅ∞ [Ñ≤Oz ÅHõΔ ãÖYº Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ QÍqOKåe.
J@∞ Ñ≤=∞‡@ #∂~°∞QÆ∞~°∞ Hõ#ºÅ‰õΩ ãÖ`«∞+≤Qì Í Éè’[#=Ú ÃÑ\˜,ì
P ~ÀA~å„uH˜ `À@Ü« ∞ O^Œ ∞ Ç¨ Ï Ÿ=∞‰õ Ω O_» = ÚÅ <Õ ~ ° Ê ~° z
L`«Î~åaè=ÚY∞_≥· ‰õÄ~˘Ûh, P=Ù<≥~Úº Ü«∞O^Œ∞ Kå=∞Ou ÖËHõ
`å=∞~°Ñ¨Ù=ÙfiÅ#∞ =ÚOz 10,000 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=ÚKÕ
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú QÍqOz# Ü≥∞_»Å ã≤kú KÕ‰õÄ~°QÆÅ^Œ∞.
„Ñü k#=Ú PÇ¨ÏŸ=∞ Éèíã¨‡=Ú HõeÑ≤# h\˜`À ™êfl#=Ú
QÍqOÑ¨ÙK«∂ P Éèíã¨‡=Ú<Õ uÅHõ=ÚQÍ ^èŒiOÑ¨ÙK«∞#fl P#u HÍÅ=Ú
#O^Õ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ J`«º^Œ∞ƒù`=« ÚQÍ Q˘Ñ¨Ê Ñ¨^qŒ #O^ŒQÅÆ _»∞. ~åAQÍh,
~å[ã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ# Ñ¨^ŒqQÍh ÅaèOz, ã¨HõÅ ã¨∞Y=ÚÅ∞, ^èŒ#^èŒ#º=ã¨∞Î
"åÇ¨Ï#=ÚÅ∞ QÆÅ"å_≥· P[#‡=Ú ^Õ"ÕO„^Œ ã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ# Sâ◊fi~°º=Ú
QÆeæ ã¨∞dOÑ¨Ù K«∞O_»QÆÅ~°∞.
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8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
ã¨∞ÅHõΔ}Ï Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO „Ñ¨"≥∂^•Ü«∞ ™êfiÇ¨ II
~å„u"Õà◊ÅO^Œ∞ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ Ô~O_»∞ *Ï=ÚÅ∞ x„kOz ÖËz
UHÍO`«=ÚQÍ =∞OK«=ÚÃÑ·<Õ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_ç. k#=Ú#‰õΩ =¸_»∞ "ÕÅ
S^Œ∞=O^ŒÅ =O`«∞# 30 k#=Úb =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞. 31=
~ÀA x„^ŒÖË=‰õΩO_® ("≥∞Å‰õΩ =zÛ##∞ ÖË=QÆ∂_»^Œ∞) =ÙO>Ëã¨∞ÅHõΔ}Ï
Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ =zÛ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx x„^Œ ÖËÑ¨Ù#∞. JÑ¨C_»∞ ™ê^èŒ∞‰õΩ_»∞ ^ÕqH˜
#=∞ã¨¯iOz, J~°…º áê^Œº=Ú ÖÁãÖy, Ñ¶¨ÅH©Δ~°=ÚÅ∞ ã¨=∞iÊOÑ¨QÍ
P ^Õ=`« ã‘fiHõiOz ãÖ`«∞+≤ì#Ok, áê`åà◊Ö’Hõ=Ú#O^Œ∞QÆÅ xkèx
™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜zÛ J^Œ$â◊º=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞.
Jk "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ „Ñü <≥Å Ü«∞O^Œ∞ J^Õ ~ÀA# Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú
q^èŒ=ÚQÍ<Õ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ =zÛ x„^ŒÖËÑ¨ÙK«∞O@∞Ok. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_˘ãÖy#
J~å…º^Œ∞Å∞ Ñ¶¨ÅH©Δ~°=ÚÅ∞ ã‘fiHõiOz XHõ xkèx ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx H˘ãÖy
áÈ=ÙK«∞O_»∞@ =Å# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _çÖ’Hõ =∞O^≥# ÖËx JYO_≥â· fi◊ ~°º=O`«∞_≥·
ã¨∞Y=ÚÅ#∞ á⁄O^ŒQÅÆ _»∞. Ü«∞H˜}Δ © „Ñ¨™êkOz# „^Œ=ºOÖ’ ã¨QÉÆ Ïè QÆ=Ú
^è•i‡Hõ, ^≥·=HÍ~°º „Hõ=∞=ÚÅ‰õΩ qxÜ≥∂yOK«∞@ =∞Ozk.
45
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=∂¿ÇÏO„k Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO =∂¿ÇÏO „nÜ«∞Å∞‰õΩ~°∞ Ç¨ÏO ã¨ó ™êfiÇ¨ II
*’ºuâß≈Gs`åº WO„^Œ^èŒ#ã¨∞û U~°Ê_»∞ HÍÅ=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x,
P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ "åqeK≥@∞ì „HÕk ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx D [ÑÖ „áê~°OaèOKåe.
„=`« nHΔ Í xÜ« ∞ =∞=ÚÅ∞ Hõ e æ , q∞`åÇ¨  iÜ≥ ÿ ∞ , „Ñ¨ u k#=Ú
xjkèã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ k#=Ú#‰õΩ 2500 =O`«∞# 40 k#=ÚÅ∞
[Ñ¨=ÚÅ∞ KÕã≤# Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«$Ñ≤Î#O^Œ QÆÅ^Œ∞.
QÆ∞~°∞"å~°O xjkè"Õà◊Ö’ "åqeK≥@∞ì „HÕ^Œ ‰õΩO_»=Ú <Õ~°Ê~°z
`«∂~°∞Ê =ÚY=ÚQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx ã≤÷~°z`«∞Î_≥· ÉÏeO`« áêÅKÕ=O_ç#
áêÜ«∞ã¨=Ú#O^Œ∞ "Õ∞Hõ <≥~Úº QÆeÑ≤ Ñ¨k"ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú
QÍqOÑ¨=Öˇ#∞. Ç¨ÏŸ=∞ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ¢ã‘Î Ñ¨~°"≥∞ÿ# ÖËHõ W`«~°=ÚÖˇ·#
Ü≥∞\˜ì z`«Î q„Éè=í ∞=ÚÅ∞ Hõe#æ #∞ x„QÆÇÏ≤ Oz Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=ÚÑ¨ÓiÎQÍqOz#
"åqeK≥@∞ì ^•#O`«@ JkHõke WO„^Œ^èŒ#ã¨∞û =Öˇ XHõ =∂~°∞
"≥∞iÜ«∞QÆÅ^Œ∞. P "≥O@<Õ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® K≥@∞ì#‰õΩ „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ} #=∞™ê¯~°=Ú
ÖÁ#iOz, Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨QÍ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOÑ¨QÆÅ^Œ∞. nxH˜ QÆ∞~°∞ÎQÍ
K≥@∞ì Ü≥ÚHõ¯ H˘=∞‡ÅO^Œ∞ ^Õ=`«=^Œe "Õã≤# p<åO|~° "≥ÚHõ\ ˜ (Ñ¨@∞ì
=GO) ^˘~°‰õΩ#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ =G=Ú#∞ Éèí„^ŒÑ¨~°z x`«º=Ú
`å#∞^èŒiOÑ¨ÙK«∞#fl Ü«∞_»Å „Ñük#=Ú XHõ áê`åà◊Hõ#º ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx
á⁄O^Œ∞ H˘~°ÔH· =zÛ qz„`«ÉèíHõΔ º Éè’[º=ÚÅ∞‰õΩ_»=Éˇ\ ˜ì ã¨∞dOÑ¨*Ëã≤,
J<Õ H õ q^èŒ= ÚÖˇ·# =∞}∞Å∞, ~°`«flÉèí∂ +¨} =ÚÅ∞, |OQÍ~° = Ú
<˘ã¨ O yáÈ=Ù K« ∞ O_» Q Æ Å ^Œ ∞ . (™ê^è Œ ‰ õ Ω _» k "≥ Ú ^Œ Å ∞ P#º ¢ã‘ Î
"åº"≥∂Ç¨Ï=Ú#∞ =^ŒÅ=Öˇ#∞.)
46
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
K«O„kHÍ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO =O=O K«O„kˆH Ç¨ÏOã¨ó ™êfiÇ¨ II
U <≥ÅÜ«∞O^≥·#QÍh â◊√Hõ¡Ñ¨HõΔ áê_»ºq∞ ~ÀA# D =∞O„`«=Ú#∞
[Ñ≤OK«∞@‰õΩ „áê~°OaèOz, Ñ¨Ói‚=∞ =~°‰õΩ „Ñü k#=Ú K«O„^Œ∞x
ÔH^Œ∞~°∞QÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx [ÑÖ KÕã¨∞ÎO_®e. [ÑÖ J~Ú# "≥O@<Õ JO`«‰õΩ
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ U~åÊ@∞ QÍqOK«∞ H˘x=ÙOz# "≥O_ç HõÅâ◊=Ú#∞
Ü«∞^è•â◊HQÎ˜ Í Ñ¨ÓlOz, K«O„^Œ∞xH˜ J~°º… áê^Œº=ÚÖÁãÖQÆ∞K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞.
D [ÑÖ K«O„^ŒHõà◊Å ##∞ãïOz UHÀ`«Î~°=$kú „Hõ=∞OÖ’
K≥Ü«∂ºe. J#QÍ áê_»ºq∞<å_»∞ "≥~Úº, qkÜ«∞<å_»∞, Ô~O_»∞ "ÕÅ∞,
`«kÜ«∞ ~ÀA =¸_»∞ "ÕÅ∞, D „Ñ¨HÍ~°O K≥Ü«∞ºQÍ K«`«∞~°új<å\˜H˜
XHõ ÅHΔÍ S^Œ∞"ÕÅ [ÑÖÑ¨ÓiÎ HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ P=ÙáêÅ∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ
PÇ¨~°OQÍ ¿ãqOz =∞ø#„=`«O Hõey=ÙO_®e.
Ñ¨Ù#flq∞ ~ÀA [ÑÖ „áê~°OaèOz#Ñ¨Ê\˜ #∞O_ç J<ÕHõ qÑ¶∂¨ flÅ∞
HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. PHÍâ◊O "Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂=$`«O HÍ=K«∞Û. ÖËHõ ‰õΩOÉèí=$+≤ì ‰õΩiÜ«∞
=K«∞Û. Ñ≤_»∞QÆ∞Å∞ ~åÅ=K«∞Û. J~Ú<å ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ [ÑÖ JÑ¨‰õΩO_®
KÕã¨∂Î=ÙO>Ë xjkè^•\˜# `«~åfi`« Ü«∞H˜Δ}© „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ"≥∞ÿ HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞.
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _®"≥∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨^HŒ }Δ˜ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÖÁ#iÛ J~°… ºáê^Œº=Ú ÖÁãÖy#
^Õ=`« ãÖ`«∞+≤ì#Ok z~°∞#QÆ=ÙÅ`À Å~ÚOz ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx =^ŒÌQÆÅ "≥O_ç
HõÅâ◊=Ú#∞ fã¨∞H˘x Jaè=∞O„uOz WzÛ J^Œ$â◊º=∞QÆ∞#∞. Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
WzÛ# HõÅâ◊OÖ’ k=º~°™êÜ«∞#O („^Œ= Ñ¨^•~°÷O) =ÙO@∞Ok.
47
8
8D q^èŒOQÍ =∞O„`«ã≤kú#Ok# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® ~°™êÜ«∞#=Ú#∞
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
¿ãqOK«∞@ =Å# (H˘O`«ÉÏè QÆO) =Úãö`«#O PHõe, ^ŒÑÊ≤ Hõ, |_»eHõÅ∞

ÖËHõ x`«º #∂`«# Ü«∞ø=fi#=Ú QÆey# "å_≥· z~°HÍÅ=Ú rqOÑ¨QÅÆ ∞æ#∞.
P ~°™êÜ«∞#=Ú#∞ U"åºkè „QÆã¨∞÷#H˜zÛ##∞, J`«_»∞ ã¨fiã¨∞÷_≥·
ãÖÑ¨Ó~å‚~ÀQÆº |Å`Õ[ã¨∞ûÅ∞ Hõeæ Ü«ÚO_»QÆÅ_»∞. „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’
^Õx=Å##∞ ™êkèOÑ¨ (‰õΩ^Œ~°x) |_»x "åº^èŒ∞b~°™êÜ«∞# ã¨Ê~°≈=Å#
x"åiOÑ¨|_»∞#∞. Wk J=∞$`« `«∞Åº"≥∞ÿ# ~°™êÜ«∞#=Ú.
Ñ¨^•‡=f Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO H©¡O J+¨ìã≤^Õúâ◊fii Ñ¨^•‡=f ™êfiÇ¨ II
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `«#ˆHq^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# P@OHõ=ÚÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆx q^èŒ=ÚQÍ
<˘Hõ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ QÆ$Ç¨Ï=Ú=∞O^Œ∞QÍh, Ñ¨~åfi`å„QÆ=Ú #O^Œ∞QÍh
„=`«nHΔÍÑ¨~°∞_≥· ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩÑ¨„Hõq∞OKåe. LÑ¨C, HÍ~°=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx
ÃÑã¨~°Ñ¨Ñ¨C aÜ«∞º=Ú HõeÑ≤ =O_ç# J#fl=Ú #O^Œ∞ <≥~Úº =∂„`«=Ú
HõeÑ≤ H˘ÅkQÍ XHõ Ñ¨Ó@ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Éèí∞lOÑ¨ÙK«∂ áêÅ∞, Ñ¶¨Å=ÚÅ#∞
LáêÇ¨~°=ÚQÍQ˘x =∞ø#„=`«∞_≥· k#=Ú#‰õΩ Ñ¨k"ÕÅ=O`«∞# Ñ¨<fl≥ O_»∞
ÅHõΔÅ [Ñ¨=∞QÆ∞ =~°‰õΩ (120 k#=ÚÅ∞) [Ñ≤OKåe.
„Ñ¨ u k#=Ú [Ñ¨ „ áê~° O Éè í = Ú#O^Œ ∞ , z=i Ü« ∞ O^Œ ∞
Ü«∞H˜Δ}©^Õ=`«#∞ ^è•ºxOz, Ñ¨Ó[ Ü≥Ú#iÛ, ã¨∞QÆO^èŒ „^Œ"åºÅ`À J~°… º
q∞"åfie. QÆ∞~°∞=Ù `«Ñ¨Ê =∞Ô~=fi~°∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ# =^ŒÌ‰õΩ ~å‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. Éˇ·@
48
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
„Ñ¨ÑÖK« q+¨Ü«∂ÖËqÜ«Ú ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ `≥eÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. D „Ñ¨HÍ~°O
[Ñ¨nHõΔ Ñ¨ÓiÎ QÍqOz, Ç¨ÏŸ=∞ ‰õΩO_»=Ú#O^Œ∞ âß¢™ÈÎHõÎ „Ñ¨HÍ~°=ÚQÍ
Jxfl „ÑüëêªÑ#¨ =ÚQÍqOz, `«∂~°∞Ê =ÚY=ÚQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx, QÆ∞~°∞^Õ=`å
=∞O„`«=ÚÅ‰õΩ ™êq∂Ñ¨ºã≤÷ux HõeyOÑ¨ÙK«∂ (WkÜ≥∂QÍÉèÏºã¨Ñ¨~°∞ÅˆH
™ê^èŒº=Ú) P=Ù<≥~Úº, Ç¨Ïqã¨∞û, ZO_»∞ Y~°∂˚~°=ÚÅ∞ HõeÑ≤ XHõ ÅHΔÍ
W~° ∞ Ñ¨ k S^Œ ∞ "Õ Å ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`« = ÚKÕ Ç¨ Ï Ÿ=∞=Ú QÍqOz,
Ñ¨ Ó ~å‚ Ç ¨ ï uxzÛ# PÇ¨ Ï Ÿ=∞‰õ Ω O_» = Ú #O^Œ ∞ Ü« ∞ H˜ Δ } © ^Õ = `«
™êHΔÍ`«¯iOÑ¨QÆÅ^Œ∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® ^Õ=H˜ ÉèíH˜ÎQÍ „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ} #=∞™ê¯~°=Ú
ÖÁ#iOz J~°… ºáê^Œº=∞ ezÛ, ã¨∞ÎuOÑ¨QÍ, P[#x Ñ¨~°=∂#O^Œ=Ú
#Ok ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx H˘Hõ =∞}˜x (QÆ∞oHõ) ~ÚzÛáÈ=Ù#∞.
D =∞}˜ „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú =Å# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»*Ü
Ë Ú« _≥· Ü«ÚO_ç J+¨ãì ^≤ ∞Œ Åú ∞
HõÅ"å_»Q∞Æ #∞. „u=¸iÎ`∞« Åº „Ñ¨HÍâ◊=∂#∞_≥· "≥Å∞Q˘O^Œ∞K«∞O_»QÅÆ _»∞.
J+¨ìã≤^Œ∞úÅ#QÍ J`«º^Œ∞ƒù`« â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞ QÆÅq.
J+¨ìã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ – "å\˜ Ñ¶ë`åÅ∞.
1. J}˜=∂ã≤kú : Ñ¨~°=∂}∞=Ù# Hõ#fl#∞ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡"≥∞ÿ# â◊s~°=Ú#∞
ÉÁO^Œ∞@.
2. =∞Ç≤Ï=∂ã≤kú : Uk ã¨$+≤ìÜ«∞O^Œ∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê^À^•xHõ<åfl Q˘Ñ¨ÊQÍ
#∞O_»∞@.
3. QÆi=∂ã≤kú : qâ◊fi=∞O^Õk Z‰õΩ¯=|~°∞"À ^•x Hõ#fl#∂ |~°∞=ÙQÍ
#∞O_»∞@.
4. ÅÑ¶≤∞=∂ã≤kú : Ju `ÕeHõQÆÅ^•xHõO>Ë `ÕeHõÜ«∞QÆ∞@.
49
8
8
5. „áêÑ≤Îã≤kú
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
: ã¨∂~°ºK«O„^•^Œ∞Å ÃÑ·<å „â◊=∞ÖËHõ ã¨∞<åÜ«∂#
=ÚQÍ `å‰õΩ#\˜ì â◊H˜Î QÆÅ∞QÆ∞@.
6. „áêHÍ=∞ºã≤kú : `å#∞Uk`«Åz# Jk [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞O_»∞@.
7. Dâ◊`«fiã≤kú : ^Õ=`å=∞Ç≤Ï=∞Å∞ HõeæÜ«ÚO_»∞@.
8. =t`«fiã≤kú : ã¨HõÅK«~åK«~° „Ñ¨ÑÖK«=Ú#O^Œe r=~åâ◊√Å∞.
„Ñ¨Hõ$u `«# P[˝‰õΩÖ’|_ç Ü«ÚO_»∞@.
F+¨nè Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO ã¨~°fi ã¨~°fi`Õ NO H©¡O ã¨~Àfi+¨nè „áê}^•
~Úh "≥·~°$`≥·º #"≥∂ #=∞ó ™êfiÇ¨ II
"Õ~˘Hõ q^èŒ=Ú =∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO NO H©¡O ã¨~Àfi+¨nè „áê}xÅÜÕ∞ ã¨~°fiã¨`Õfi H©¡O
„Ç‘ÏO NO <≥·~°$`≥·º #=∞ó ™êfiÇ¨ II
D ~Ô O_»∞ =∞O„`«=ÚÅO^Õ^#·≥ #∞ xÜ«∞=∞=Ú QÆeæ ÅHõΔ [Ñ≤OK«∞@
=Å# ã≤kú#O^ŒQÆÅ^Œ∞. J@∞ Ñ≤=∞‡@ K«`«∞~°÷j Ü«∞O^Œ∞Ñ¨"åã¨=Ú
QÍqOz. Ñ¨Ói‚=∞<å_»∞ L^ŒÜ∞« O t=Ñ¨Ó[ Ü≥Ú#iÛ ~å„u xjkèHÍÅ=Ú
=~°‰õΩ t"åÅÜ«∞OÖ’ t=Ùx ÔH^Œ∞~°∞QÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx [Ñ≤Oz# ''<≥·~°$u——
J#∞ Ü«∞H˜}Δ © „Ñ¨`º« Hõ=Δ ∞QÆ∞#∞. P"≥∞ KåÖÏ cèH~õ åHÍ~°=Ú Hõeæ Ü«ÚO_»∞@
50
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ ÉèíÜ«∞=Ú #O^ŒHõ ÖËz KÕ`«∞Å<˘yæ #=∞ã¨¯iOz XHõ
#Å¡ "Õ∞Hõ#∞ P"≥∞‰õΩ ã¨=∞iÊOz# P"≥∞ ãÖ`«ã≤Oz. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˘Hõ
~°™êÜ«∞#=Ú<˘ãÖy JO`«~å÷#=Ú *ˇO^Œ∞#∞.
D „Ñ¨HÍ~°=ÚQÍ =∞O„`«ãk≤ |ú _»ã#≤ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ P~°™êÜ«∞#=Ú#∞
U F+¨kÃè Ñ· zÅHõiOz# P F+¨kè k=º =∞Ç≤Ï=∂ã¨=∞xfi`«"∞≥ ÿ ÉèÏã≤OÑ¨Ù
K«∞O_»∞#∞. ^•xH˜ ã¨HõÅ r= Hõà◊Å∞ `«HõΔ}=∞O^Õ KÕ‰õÄ~°QÆÅ=Ù.
~°ã¨q^ŒºÅ H˘~°‰õΩ x~°‚~ÚOÑ¨|_ç# F+¨^èŒ∞ÅÃÑ· ~°™êÜ«∞#=Ú#∞
zÅHõ i Oz PF+¨ k è x LÑ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÆ q OK« ∞ @=Å# iã¨ ã ≤ k ú Hõ e æ
J`«ºO`åâ◊Û~°ºHõ~=° ÚQÍ ~°ã"¨ å^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ W#∞=Ú QÆ∂_® |OQÍ~°=ÚQÍ
=∂~°QÆÅ^Œ∞.
J#Å Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO ~°O~°O Jyfl=ÚMË PkxÅÜÕ∞ PO PO ™êfiÇ¨ II
Wk Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«=ÚÅÖ’ <˘Hõ =∞Ç¨Ï`«Î~°â◊H˜ÎQÆÅ =∞O„`«=Ú
nx ™ê^èŒ#QÆ∂_® |Ç¨ï Hõ+¨ì=ÚQÍ #∞O_»QÆÅ^Œ∞. D ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ
Ñ¨„Hõq∞OK«∞@‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ *ÏuQÆÅ #Å¡‰õΩ‰õ¯ (=∞QÆk)
<˘Hõ^•xx ÉÏQÍ =∞zÛHõ KÕã¨∞H˘x =ÙO_®e. P ‰õΩHõ¯‰õΩ â◊s~°OÖ’ U
ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ QÆ∂_® "Õˆ~ ~°OQÆ∞ QÆÅ <≥O„@∞Hõ Ü«ÚO_»QÆ∂_»^Œ∞. â◊s~°O
"≥Ú`«ÎO Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ #Å¡QÍ =ÙO>Ë<Õ Jk™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ Ü≥∂QÆº=∞QÆ∞#∞.
51
8
8™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»=∂"åã¨º<å_»∞ D™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ Ñ¨„Hõq∞OKåe. =∂#=~°HõÎ
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=Ú`À `«_çÑ≤# J#fl=Ú<˘Hõ áê„`«Ü«∞O^Œ∞OK«∞H˘x ‰õΩHõ¯`À ã¨Ç¨

J~°÷~å„u "Õà◊ â◊≈âß#O*Ëi, P â◊≈âß#O =∞^èŒºÖ’ "Õ∞‰õΩáêu |Å"≥∞ÿ#
„`å\˜`À ‰õΩHõ¯‰õΩ Hõ\ ˜ì"Õã≤ ^•x =¸uH˜ (JOn) JO^Œ‰õΩO_® D
~°HÍÎ#fl=ÚQÆÅ áê„`« #∞Oz [ÑÖ „áê~°OaèOKåe.
P J#flOH˘~°‰Ωõ ‰õΩHõ¯ yOA‰õΩÖÏO_»∞`«∞O@∞Ok. ^•xH˜ =∂„`«O
áê„`« JO^Œ ‰ õ Ä _» ^ Œ ∞ . D „Ñ¨ H Í~° O J=∂"åã¨ º "≥ Ú ^Œ Å ∞H˘x
uiy=K≥Û_»∞. J=∂"åã¨º‰õΩ =∞O^Œ∞ K«`«∞~°út =~°‰õΩ k#=Ú#‰õΩ 7
"ÕÅ =O`«∞# ÃÑ· =∞O`«„=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OÑ¨ÙK«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. [Ñ¨=Ú =Úyã≤#
`À_»<Õ P ~°HÍÎ#fl=Ú#∞ „Ñü k#=Ú [Å=ÚÅO^Œ∞ HõeÑ≤~å=Öˇ#∞.
[ÑÖ [iˆQ k<åÅ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#flH˘Åk, [Ñ¨ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ‰õΩHõ¯KÕ¿ã
P~åƒù\ÏÅ∞, Ç¨ÏOQÍ=∂Å∞ JkèHõOQÍ LO_»∞#∞. XH˘¯Hõ¯ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
J ‰õΩHõ¯ JucèHõ~°OQÍ HÀ~°Å∞ `≥~°z ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ñ‘‰õΩ¯u<åÅ<Õ q^èŒOQÍ
q∂^Œ‰Ωõ ~å=\ÏxH˜ „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflã¨∞OÎ k. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _≥ÑC¨ _»∂ P ‰õΩHõ¯‰õΩ JO^Œx
q^èŒOQÍ ã¨q∂ÑÖÖ’<Õ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx [ÑÖ K≥Ü«∂ºe. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
J=ÅÜ«∞H˜Δ}© P ‰õΩHõ¯Ö’ „Ñ¨"ÕtOK«∞@=Å# ^•x~°∂ÑÖ =∞Ç¨ÉèíÜ«∞
Hõ~°OQÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. W\˜ì ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~° "å`å=~°}=Å# HõÅ`«*ˇO^ŒHõ
`«^ÕHõ nHõΔ`À ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ x`«º=Ú ~å„u"Õà◊ÅO^Œ∞ `«#[áêxfl
H˘#™êyã¨∞ÎO_®e.
uiy J=∂"åã¨º =zÛ# k#"Õ∞ =∞O„`«ã≤kú HõeˆQ ~ÀA. P
~ÀA ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ |Ç¨ï*Ï„QÆ`Î« =Ç≤ÏOz, ~°HÍÎ#fl=Ú`À ÉÏ@∞QÍ KÕÑÅ¨ ∞,
"Õ∞Hõ=∂ãÖ=Ú, HõÅ∞¡ ‰õÄ_® JHõ¯_» Éˇ\ ˜ì [ÑÖ „áê~°OaèOKåe. P
ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Hõ\ ˜ì"ÕÜ«Ú|_ç# ‰õΩHõ¯ =∂=¸Å∞ ‰õΩHõ¯QÍ QÍHõ J<ÕHõ
52
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
cèHõ~° =∞$QÆ~°∂áêÖ’¡ Hõ#∞Ñ≤Oz – QÆi˚Oz J<ÕHõ q^è•Å∞QÍ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_çx
„Éèíq∞OÑ¨*Ëã≤ F~°∞Ê ã¨Ç¨Ï#O HÀÖ’ÊÜÕ∞ q^èŒOQÍ „Ñ¨=iÎã¨∞ÎOk.
â◊‡âß#=∞O`å qz„`« â◊ÉÏÌÅ`À =∂~°∞„"≥∂yáÈQÆÅ^Œ∞. J~Ú<å
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ =∂„`«O U=∂„`«O K«eOK«‰õΩO_® UHÍ„QÆ`«`À Hõ^ŒÅ‰õΩO_®
‰õÄ~°∞Ûx =∞O„`«[ÑÖ KÕã¨∂Î<Õ =ÙO_®e. xjkè"Õà◊^•\˜# `«~åfi`«
‰õΩHõ¯ =∂=¸Å∂Å∞QÍ<Õ ~˘Ñ¨C`«∂ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx =OHõ *ÏeQÍK«∂ã¨∞ÎOk.
^•xHõ#∞Å∞ "≥O@ h~°∞ HÍ~°@O QÆ=∞xOKåe. JÑ¨C_»∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞
ÖËz =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ KÕÑ¨Å#∞ ‰õΩHõ¯<À\˜ HõOkOKåÅÅ. Jqux QÆ∂_®
J#flO =OˆH K«∂ã¨∞ÎOk. P `«~åfi`« =∂OãÖ, Jk u#fl `«~åfi`«
HõÅ∞¡‰õΩO_» =ÚO^Œ∞OKåe. PHõÅ∞¡ `åy# `«~åfi`« QÆ∂_® J#flOHÀãÖ
P~å@OÑ¨ _ » ∞ `« ∞ O^•‰õ Ω Hõ ¯ , JÑ¨ C _» ∞ ™ê^è Œ ‰ õ Ω _» ∞ J#fl=Ú QÆ Å
áê„`«fã¨∞H˘x =∞O„`«[ÑÖ KÕã¨∂Î áê~°"ÕÜ«Ú@H˘~°‰õΩ h\˜ =^ŒÌ‰õΩ
"≥àÏ§e. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® J#flO h\˜Ö’ "Õ™êÎ_»∞ J<Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ‰õΩHõ¯Ö’
=Ù#fl Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∞Ok. P"≥∞ ãÖÉèÏ+¨} ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ü≥ÚHõ¯
=∂`«∞$ÉèÏ+¨Ö’<Õ =ÙO@∞Ok. ''=∂#"å! JQÆ∞. P PÇ¨~°O áê~°"Ü Õ ∞« ‰õΩ.
~Ú@∞ `≥=Ú‡! h Jcè+¨ìO <Õ#∞ <≥~°"Õ~°ÛQÆÅ#∞. P PÇ¨~°O <åH˜=Ú‡!
"ÕQÆ"Õ∞ Ü«∞@∞~°=Ú‡!—— Jx „|uq∂ÖÏ_»∞ ^èÀ~°}˜Ö’ P"≥∞ ÉèÏ+≤ã¨∞ÎOk.
JÑ¨C_»∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_® J#fl=ÚQÆÅ áê„`«#∞ Q˘x=zÛ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜`À
''F J#ÖÏ h g ‰õΩHõ¯Ü«∞O^Õ x~°O`«~°=Ú Jkè=tOzÜ«ÚO_ç
Ü≥∞Å¡"Õà◊Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ##∞fl =^ŒÅHõ D SÇ≤ÏHõ „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’ <Õ#∞ HÀi#
ã¨=∞ã¨Î HÀÔ~¯Å∞ <≥~°"Õ~°∞Û K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞! Wkh‰õΩ ã¨=∞‡`«"Õ∞<å?—— Jx
J_»∞QÆ=Öˇ#∞. JÑ¨C_® ‰õΩHõ¯ `«Å#∞`ÀHõ#∞ P_çOÑ¨ÙK«∂ ™ê^èŒ∞
ã¨fiÉèÏ=O`À `«# JOwHÍ~°O `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù`«∞Ok. JÑ¨C_® ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _® J#fl=Ú
<å ‰õΩHõ¯‰õΩ ÃÑ\˜ì# Jk `«$Ñ≤ÎQÍ Éèí∞lOz ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ ÖÁOy áÈQÆÅ^Œ∞.
53
8
8D q^èOŒ QÍ =∞O„`«ãk≤ #ú Ok# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ â◊√#Hõ~∂° ÑÖÖ’ `«##∞
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=^ŒÅ‰õΩO_® "≥O@#O\˜=ÙO_Õ P J#Å Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^•fi~å `«=∞ HÀi#

„Ñü HÀiHõ#∞ Hõ}Δ =ÚÅÖ’ ™êkèOÑ¨ =K«∞Û#∞. P Ü«∞H˜}Δ © Jxfl "ÕàÅ◊ O^Œ∞
™ê^èŒ‰õΩx, J`«x ‰õΩ@∞O|=Ú#∞ ~°H˜ΔOÑ¨ÙK«∂ #∞O_»QÆÅ^Œ∞. P ‰õΩHõ¯
ZHõ¯_» K˘OQÆHÍiÛ# JHõ¯_» „Ñ¨K«O_»"≥∞ÿ# ^•"å#Å=Ú Ñ¨Ù_»∞`«∞Ok.
Jk fHõΔ}=ÚQÍ ^Õx<≥·`Õ K«∂K«∞<À Jk `«HõΔ}"Õ∞ ^ŒÇ≤ÏOÑ¨|_»QÆÅ^Œ∞.
P â◊√#Hõ=Ú J~°z# Ü≥∞_»Å Éè∂í q∞ HõÑO≤ Ñ¨QÅÆ ^Œ∞. ^•xH˜ ™ê^èºŒ =ÚQÍx
Ñ¨x D qâ◊fiOÖ’ÖË^Œ∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ =∂„`«O „Ñük#=Ú xjkè
ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =∂#=~°HõÎ q∞„t`«"≥∞ÿ# J#fl=∂ ‰õΩHõ¯‰õΩ ÃÑ@∞ì@ =∞~°∞=
‰õÄ_»^∞Œ . U k#=Ú PÇ¨~°=Ú ÖË‰Ωõ O_»∞<À Pk#=∂â◊√#‰õ=Ú#O^Œ∞#fl
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ã¨Ñï"å~°OQÍ x~°∂‡eOz, ~°HõÎ=∂O™ê^Œ∞ÖÏ~°yOz
"≥o§ áÈQÆÅ^Œ∞.
D J#Å Ü«∞H˜} Δ © ™ê^è#Œ KåÖÏ Hõ+`ì¨ ~« "° ∞≥ Ü
ÿ Ú« #flk. „áê~°OÉèOí
ÅQÍ~Ú`«∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ =∞$`«∞º=Ù`À áÈ~å@OQÍ<Õ =ÙO@∞Ok. XHõ"Õà◊
ã≤kúOz<å k# k#QÆO_»O Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞ÎO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞=Å# D
Ü«∞HΔ̃}© q^Œº =∞O„`«âßG=ÚÅO^Œe ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º=ÚQÍ #∞OK«|_ç#k. nx
=¸Å=∞O„`« ã¨fi~°∂ÑÖ ~ÚHõ¯_» ã¨∂ÎÅOQÍ K≥Ñ¨Ê|_ç#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© ^•x
Hõ#∞ãÖkèOÑ¨=Åã≤# Ñ¨Å¡==ÚÅ∞ ("åHõº=ÚÅ∞) QÆÅ=Ù. ‰õΩHõ¯Ü≥ÚHõ¯
*ÏeÅHõΔ}=ÚÅ∞ QÆ∂_® âßG=Ú #O^Œ∞ qÑ¨ÙÅ=ÚQÍ QÆÅ=Ù.
J#∞Éèí=ÚQÆeæ# QÆ∞~°∞=Ù^•fi~å P q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅxflÜ«Ú ã¨=∞„QÆ=ÚQÍ
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀx^Õ D ™ê^èŒ# ã≤kúOÑ¨^Œ∞ =¸~°ö=ÚQÍ, Jhfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞#<Õ
nè=∂`À KÕÜ«Ú@ =Å# =∞$`«∞º=Ù HõÅ∞æ@ÜÕ∞ xâ◊ÛÜ«∞=Ú.
54
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
qâßÅ<Õ„u Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO *Ï˝#<Õ„f qâßÖË ™êfiÇ¨ II
„=`«nHõΔ xÜ«∞=∞=ÚÅ∞ QÆey x~°˚#"≥∞ÿ# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊ =∞O^Œe
`≥Å¡JOHÀÅ (T_»∞QÆ) =$HõΔ=Ú „HÕ^Œ L`«Î~åaè=ÚY∞_≥· ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx ~å„u
=¸_»=Ü«∂=∞O „áê~°OÉèíO#∞Oz L^ŒÜ«∞O =~°‰õΩ ÉèíH˜Î â◊„^ŒúÅ`À
[Ñ≤OKåe. D „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 40 k#=ÚÅ∞ [Ñ≤OK«∞@=Å# =∞O„`«ã≤kú
KÕ‰Äõ ~°QÅÆ ^Œ∞. J@∞ Ñ≤=∞‡@ ^Œâq◊ ∂ ™È=∞"å~°O QÆÅ k#=Ú J~°~÷ å„u
^•\˜# Ñ≤=∞‡@ `å#∞ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO [Ñ≤OQÍqOz# JOHÀÅ=$HõΔ=Ú =^ŒÌ‰õΩ
"≥o§ P K≥@∞ì#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOz, „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ} – #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ QÍqOz,
kQÆO|~°∞_≥· L`«Î~°kâ◊QÍ áêi# P K≥@∞ì Ü≥ÚHõ¯ "Õ~°∞#∞ YO_çOz
fã¨∞‰õΩ~å"åe.
T_»∞QÆ"Õ~°∞#∞ h_»Ö’Ü≥∞O_çOz ^•xÃÑ· Éˇ~°_»∞=Åz "≥∞`«ÎQÍ
^ŒOz ^•xÜ«∞O^Œ∞ Hõ~∂° Ê~°=Ú, `Õ<"Õ ãÕ ≤ HÍ@∞Hõ ÖÏQÆ∞#*Ëã≤ „Ñük#=Ú
D HÍ@∞Hõ#∞ ~Ô O_»∞Hõ#∞Å∞‰õΩ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x Ñ¨~∞° O_»=Öˇ#∞. D „Ñ¨HÍ~°=Ú
40 k#=ÚÅ∞ KÕã#≤ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ `«# Hõà§◊ ‰õΩ QÆO`«=QÔ ~· åÅ∞ Hõ\#ì˜ Ñ¨Ê\˜H©
`«# Ü≥∞^Œ∞~°∞QÍ #∞#fl Jxfl^Œ$â◊º=ÚÅ∞ K«∂_»QÆÅ_»∞. Hõ#∞Å∞
=¸`«Ñ_¨ #ç #∞ *Ï˝#<Õ„`«=Ú ^•fi~å ã¨=∞ã¨Î q+¨Ü∞« =ÚÅ#∞ K«∂_»QÅÆ _»∞.
55
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
â’Éèí<åÜ«∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
=∞O„`«O :
FO Jâ’Hõ Ñ¨Å¡"åHÍ~° Hõ~åàı â’Éèí#O NO HõΔó ™êfiÇ¨ II
Hõ$+¨‚Ñ¨HõΔ=Ú#O^Œe áê_»ºq∂ ukäÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ~å„u HÍÅ=Ú#
XO@iQÍ x~°˚# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊=Ú#O^Œe K≥~°∞=Ù Ü≥ÚHõ¯ X_»∞¤#O^Œ∞
QÆOQÆã≤O^Œ∂~°=Ú`À\˜ +¨\’¯}=Ú ^•x=∞^èŒº „uHÀ}=Ú edOz P
K≥~°∞=ÙÖ’ ™êfl#=Ú QÍqOz Z„~°\ ˜ |@ìÅ∞ ^èŒiOz `å#∞edOz#
Ü« ∞ O„`« = Ú# Ô H ^Œ ∞ ~° ∞ QÍ ‰õ Ä ~° ∞ Ûx Ü« ∞ O„`« = Ú#∞ Ñ¨ Ó lOz
J#º=∞#ã¨∞¯_»∞QÍHõ Ü«ÚO_ç ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ <åÅ∞æ"ÅÕ <åÅ∞QÆ∞=O^ŒÅ
Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞. D „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ „`«Ü≥∂^Œt=~°‰õΩ „Ñü
x`«º=Ú [Ñ≤OÑ¨ÙK«∞ K«`«∞~°÷t <å\˜ ~å„u =∞O„`«[Ñ¨ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
Ü«∞H˜Δ}©^Õq~åHõÔH· Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂K«∞ K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. [Ñ¨=Ú Ñ¨ÓiÎÜ«∞QÆ∞
Ö’Ñ¨Å Ü«∞H˜} Δ ˜ U^À XHõ ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x =^Œ‰Ì Ωõ =zÛ „Ñ¨Ö’ÉèÑí _¨ H» õ
ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ#∞#fl Ü≥∞_»Å Ü«∞H˜Δ}© „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ"≥∞ÿ HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. P "≥O@<Õ
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _®"≥∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨^HŒ }Δ˜ – ™êëêìOQÆ – #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÖÏK«iOz =∞^è∞Œ =Ù,
=∞`«ûº =∂Oã¨=ÚÅ∞ ã¨=∞iÊOz# ^Õq ãÖ`«ã≤Oz ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx H˘Hõ
Ç¨~° "≥ÚãÖy J^Œ$â◊º=∞QÆ∞#∞.
Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ WzÛ# Ç¨~°=Ú#∞ ^èŒiOz „Ñük#=Ú =∞O„`«=Ú#∞
108 =∂~°∞Å∞ [Ñ≤OK«∞K«∞O_ç# Ü≥∞_»Å P ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Q˘Ñ¨Ê Ñ¨^Œ=ÙÅ∞
=iOK«QÅÆ =Ù. ~åAÅ∞‰õÄ_® q∞„`«∞Öˇ· ã¨HÖõ Ïcè+=ì¨ ÚÅ∞ <≥~"° ~Õ ∞° ÛK«∞O_»
QÆÅ~°∞. Ö’Hõ=Ú#O^Œ∞ Z#ÖËx H©iÎ–Éè’QÆ– ã¨∞Y=ÚÅ #O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞.
`«Åz# HÍ~°º=ÚÅÅ∞ `«HõΔ}=Ú #O^Õ <≥~°"Õ~°∞ K«∞O_»QÆÅ=Ù.
56
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
ÅH©; Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
=∞O„`«O :
FO UO ÅH©;O NO Hõ=∞Å^è•i}© HõÅÇ¨ÏOã‘ ™êfiÇ¨ II
`«# ã¨fiQÆ$Ç¨Ï=Ú#O^Œ∞QÆÅ UHÍO`« „Ñ¨^âÕ =◊ Ú#O^Œ∞ nHΔÍÜ«Ú`«∞
_≥·# ™ê^èŒHõL_»∞ HõÅâ◊=Ú#∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤Oz ^•xH˜ ~°HõÎ =~°‚ =G Ñ¨ÙëêÊ^Œ∞Å
#ÅOHõiOz, JYO_»=Ú "≥eyOz Z„~°x Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê=ÚÅKÕ =¸_»∞
"Õà◊ÅÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ÅH©; Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜x Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨ÙK«∞ „Ñük#=Ú =¸_»∞ "ÕÅ∞
#Å∞|k k#=ÚÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ã≤÷~°z`«∞Î_≥· #Å∞|_»k Ü≥ÚHõ@=
k#=Ú#O^Œ∞ [Ñ¨^ŒâßOâ◊=ÚÅ Z„~°x`å=∞~° Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê=ÚÅKÕ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú
QÍqOz# Ü≥∞_»Å Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ ãÖ`«ã≤Oz ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxHÍ ~å„u ^Œ~°≈#
q∞=fiQÆÅ^Œ∞. (ã¨fiÑ¨fl=Ú#O^Œ∞)
ÅH©;Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ Ü≥ÚãÖy# =~°=Ú=Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx HõO`«‰õΩ
Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú QÆÅ Hõ+¨ì=ÚÅ∞, P@OHõ=ÚÅ∞, "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ DuÉÏ^èŒÅ∞,
QÆ$Ç¨ÏzÛù„^Œ=ÚÅ∞ `˘ÅyáÈ~Ú =Oâ◊=$kú QÆeæ ^èŒ#, ^è•#º, "åÇ¨Ï#,
QÆ$Ç¨~å=∂k ãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ∞ QÆÅ"å_≥· Q˘Ñ¨Ê ã¨∞YÉè’QÆ=ÚÅO^ŒQÆÅ_»∞.
57
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
Ñ¨k‡h Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO "åO „H©O Ñ¨k‡h ™êfiÇ¨ II
Ñ¨^Œ‡=ÚÅ`À xO_çÜ«Ú#fl H˘Å#∞ #q∂Ñ¨=Ú#O^Œ∞ QÆÅ ^Õq
PÅÜ«∞=Ú#O^Œ∞ xÜ«∞=∞„=`«∞_≥·# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Éèí∂q∞x â◊√„ÉèíÑ¨~°z
`«#=¸~° „Ñ¨=∂}=ÚQÆÅ =∞O_»Å=Ú#∞ ã¨∞QÆO^èŒ„^Œ=ºÜ«ÚHõÎ"≥∞ÿ#
K«O^Œ#=ÚKÕ U~°Ê~°∞K«=Öˇ#∞. (2 J_»∞QÆ∞Å #Å∞K«^~Œ =° Ú) J>Ë~¡ Ê° z#
=∞O_»Å=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =∞^èŒºÉèÏQÆ=Ú #O^Œ∞ =Gã¨Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# HõÅâ◊=Ú
#∞Oz ^•xH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ P=Ù<Õu`À nÑ¨=Ú#∞ Éˇ\ ì˜ =∂ã¨=Ú k#=Ú
ÉèíH˜Î„â◊^ŒúÅ`À Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨ÙK«∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ~å„`«HÍÅ=Ú #O^Œ∞
k#=Ú#‰õΩ 3333 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ [Ñ≤OÑ¨ÙK«∞O_ç# Ñ¨k‡h Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
J#∞„QÆÇÏ≤ Oz ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ =∂„`«"∞Õ Hõ#∞Ñ≤Oz =~°zÇ¨Ïfl=ÚQÍ U^≥#· #∞
XHõ =ã¨∞Î ##∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞.
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Œ`«Î"≥∞ÿ# =~°„ÉèÏ==Ú =Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ^≥·=â◊H˜Î
L`«Ê#"≥∞ÿ J^Œ∞ƒù`«=ÚÖˇ·# =∞Ç≤Ï=∞Å∞ „Ñ¨^Œi≈OK«∞@‰õΩ qÅ∞=_»QÆÅ^Œ∞.
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ [<åHõ~¬° } ^è<Œ åHõ~¬° } q∞‰õΩ¯@=ÚQÍ #∞O_»QÅÆ =Ù. Jcè+ãì¨ k≤ ,ú
ã¨∞Y, Éè’QÆ=ÚÅ∞ „áêÑ≤ÎOK«QÆÅ=Ù.
58
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
#\© Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO H©¡O #\© =∞Ç¨#\© ã¨∞~°∂Ñ¨=f ™êfiÇ¨ II
x~°#˚ „Ñ¨^âÕ =◊ ÚÅO^Œe Jâ’Hõ =$Hõ=Δ Ú „HÕ^Œ ™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩ„Ñ¨Hqõ ∞OK«
=Öˇ#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Ñ¨q„`«∞_≥· nHõΔ Hõeæ K«O^Œ#=ÚKÕ`« Jâ’Hõ
=$HõΔ=Ú„HÕ^Œ K«Hõ¯x =∞O_»ÖÏHõ$u <Õ~°Ê~°z, z„`«=~°‚=ÚQÆÅ =G,
QÆO^èŒ, Ñ¨ÙëêÊHõΔ`å^Œ∞ÅKÕ, <˘HõHõÅâ◊=Ú <≥ÅH˘eÊ #\©Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜x ^èŒ∂Ñ¨,
nÑ¨, <≥·"Õ^•º^Œ∞ÅKÕ`« Ñ¨ÓlO Ñ¨ÙK«∞ „Ñük#=Ú ~å„u HÍÅ=Ú#O^Œ∞
2543 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OÑ¨ÙK«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞.
D „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ #Å∞|k k#=ÚÅ∞ Ü«∞H˜}Δ © =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ J##º
=∞##∞¯_≥· [Ñ≤OK«QÍ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ãÖ`«∞+≤ì#Ok ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx K≥O`« Hõ~°∞^≥Oz
~°ã¨ã≤kú <˘ãÖQÆQÆÅ JO[#q∞zÛ JO`«~åú#=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. P JO[#
„Ñ¨ÉèÏ==Ú =Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx ~°ã¨ã≤kú KÕ‰õÄi ã¨=∞ã¨Î Ö’Ç¨Ï=ÚÅ#∞
ã¨∞=~°=‚ ÚQÍ =∂~°ÛQÆÅ â◊HÎ˜ Ü≥Ú#QÆ∂_»QÅÆ ^Œ∞. D ã≤k#ú Ok# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞
ãÖ™ê~° q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ‰õΩ HÍ=∞"åOKè«Å‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°=ÚQÍ #∞O_ç, `«#
â◊H˜Îx Ñ¨~ÀÑ¨HÍ~°=Ú#‰õΩ, ^èŒ~°‡HÍ~°º=ÚÅ‰õΩ qxÜ≥∂yOÑ¨ÙK«∞O_ç#
™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ rq`åO`«=Ú =~°‰õΩ Pâ◊H˜Î xÅ|_çÜ«ÚO_»QÆÅ^Œ∞.
J@∞¡QÍ‰õΩ#fl Ü«∞H˜xΔ `«#â◊H#Î˜ ∞Ñ¨ãO¨ Ç¨ÏiOK«∞H˘x ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ Hõ+=ì¨ ÚÅ∞
„áêÑ≤ÎOÑ¨*ËÜ«∞QÆÅ^Œ∞. „Ñü x`«º=Ú 108 =∞O„`«[Ñ¨=Ú q_»∞=Hõ
*ËÜ«ÚK«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞.
59
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=∞^Œ} Ü«∞H˜Δ}©
=∞O„`«O :
FO SO =∞^Œ<Õ =∞^Œ# q„^•=}Ë, J#OQÆ ãÖQÆ=∞O
^ÕÇ≤Ï ^ÕÇ≤Ï „H©O „H©O ™êfiÇ¨ II
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_ô Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜x ™êkèOK«∞@‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú l`ÕO„kÜ«∞`«fi=Ú
#ÅÑ¨~K° ∞« H˘x Ü«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞. `«#‰õΩ Ü≥∂QÆº"≥∞#ÿ ukä #Hõ„Δ `«"å~å^Œ∞Å
Ü«∞O^Œ∞ nHõΔQÆÅ"å_≥· HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡=Ú =^ŒÌ ÖËHõ ~å[^•fi~°=Ú#O^Œ∞
‰õÄ~°∞Ûx ã≤÷~°z`«Î=Ú`À =∞^èŒº ~å„uÜ«∞O^Œ∞ „áê~°OaèOz „Ñük#=Ú
J^Õ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ÅHΔÍÜ«∂|k"ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞
[Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞. Zxfl k#=ÚÅ#∞ xÜ«∞=∞=Ú ÖË^Œ∞. HÍh "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜
„áê~°OaèOz# ã¨÷Å=∞O^Õ [Ñ¨=∞O`«Ü«Ú Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍqOK«=Öˇ#∞.
=∞^è Œ º HÍÅ=Ú #O^Œ ∞ ™ê^è Œ ‰ õ Ω x J<Õ H õ q^è Œ = ÚÅ∞QÍ Ü« ∞ H˜ Δ } ˜
„Ñ¨Ö’ÉèíÑ¨~°K«∞@‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. P Ñ¨sHõΔÅHõ xÅ|_ç [Ñ¨=Ú#∞
Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍqOz, J^Õ ã¨÷Å=∞O^Œ∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞‰õΩO_»=Ú U~åÊ@∞ QÍqOz
xj~å„u"Õà◊ P=Ù<≥~Úº, P=ÙáêÅ∞, =∂Åf Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê=ÚÅ`À Ñ¨^Œ∞<≥·^Œ∞
"ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú QÍqOK«# Ü≥∞_»Å =∞^Œ<åÜ«∞H˜}Δ © ^Œ~≈° #
q∞zÛ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x ã¨∞~°`#« =Ú# HÍÇ¨fixOÑ¨QÅÆ ^Œ∞. J\˜ì ã¨=∞Ü«∞=∞O^Œ∞
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ K«eOK«Hõ =∂`«$ÉèÏ==Ú`À ^ÕqH˜ „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ} "≥Ú#iÛ
áê^ŒãÊ¨ ~°≈QÍqOz ™êëêìOQÆ #=∞™ê¯~° "≥Ú#iÛ# Ü≥∞_»Å Ü«∞H˜}Δ © ^Õ=`«
ãÖ`«ãO≤ z ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˘Hõ QÆ∞\˜Hxõ zÛ JO`«~å÷#=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. P QÆ∞\˜HÍ
„Ñ¨ÉèÏ==Ú =Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ [~å~ÀQÆ=i˚`«∞_≥· Ü«ÚO_ç ™œO^Œ~°º=Ú
QÆÅ"å_≥· ã¨~°fi[#∞Å#∞ PHõi¬OÑ¨ÙK«∞OQÆÅ_»∞. QÆ∞\˜Hõ#∞ <À\˜
60
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
Ü«ÚO^Œ∞OK«∞ H˘x Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«=Ú ã¨‡iOz#O`«=∂„`«=Ú#
W`«~∞° Å#∞ Hõ#∞Ñ≤OK«‰Ωõ O_® (J^Œ$â◊º"≥∞)ÿ ãÖK«∞iOK«∞â◊HÎ˜ ÅaèOK«QÅÆ ^Œ∞.
D ã≤kú #Ok# Ñ≤=∞‡@ „Ñü k#=Ú Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ^Õ=`«#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨ÙK«∞
ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú 108 =∂~°∞¡ [Ñ≤OÑ¨Ù K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»k "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞
`«# ÉèÏ~°ºQÍHõ, W`«~° ¢ã‘ÎÅ‰õΩ =∂„`«∞ ÉèÏ==Ú`À EK«∞K«∞O_» =Öˇ#∞.
^è~Œ ‡° =Ú#‰õΩ q~°∞^Œ=ú ÚQÍx q^è=Œ ÚQÍ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ =iÎOK«∞#O`« HÍÅ=Ú
D J^Œ∞ƒù`«â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞ QÆÅ"å_≥· ã¨HõÅ ã¨∞YÉè’QÆ=ÚÅ ##∞ÉèíqOK« QÆÅ_»∞.
L`«Î~° [#‡ Ü«∞O^Œ∞‰õÄ_® Ü«∞H˜Δ}© Hõ$Ñ¨‰õΩ áê„`«∞_≥· Ü«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞.
J@∞¡QÍ‰õΩ#fl ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx â◊H˜Î#tOz D [#‡Ü«∞O^Õ Ju xHõ$+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#
rq`«=Ú QÆ_»∞Ñ¨Ù Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å #O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞.
HÍÅHõi‚ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO H©¡O HÍÅHõi‚ ˆH~î°ó ~î°ó ™êfiÇ¨ II
(=∞O„`«ÉèË^Œ=Ú)
FO „Ç‘ÏO w¡O HÍÅHõi‚ˆH ~î°ó ~î°ó ™êfiÇ¨ II
x~°˚<å~°}º=Ú#O^Œe "≥∂^Œ∞QÆK≥@∞ì„HÕ^Œ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_˘O@iQÍ
hÜ«∞H˜Δ}© q^Œº#∞ ™êkèOK«∞@‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOK«=Öˇ#∞. q∞`åÇ¨iÜ≥ÿ∞
l`ÕO„kÜ«∞`«fi=Ú =Ç≤ÏOz, `≥Å¡x, =G=ÚÅ#∞ ^èŒiOz „Ñü k#=Ú
~å„u HÍÅ=Ú# P "≥∂^Œ∞QÆ K≥@∞ì„HÕ^Œ x~°ƒùÜ«Ú_≥· ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_ç
k#=Ú#‰õΩ 5000 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ 40 k#=ÚÅ∞
61
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
[Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞. #Å∞|k k#=ÚÅ∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎÜ«∞QÆ∞ Ö’Ñ¨Å Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ J<ÕHõ
J"åO`«~° Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å#∞ HõÅ∞QÆ*Ëã≤ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ñ¨sH˜ΔOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞.
Ü«∞H˜}Δ ˜ ÃÑ@∞ì Ñ¨sHõÅΔ ‰õΩ <≥yæ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ 40 k#=ÚÅ∞ =∞O„`«[Ñ¨
nHõΔ#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍqOz #Å∞|k Ü≥ÚHõ@= ˆ~~Ú `Õ<≥, <≥~Úº HõeÑ≤
"≥∂^Œ∞QÆ ã¨q∞^èŒÅ`À (P K≥@∞ìq Ñ¨xH˜~å=Ù) 11 "ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞
Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú QÍqOz# Ü≥∞_»Å HÍÅHõi‚ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ ã¨∞O^Œ~°=∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°
~°∂Ñ¨=Ú`À „Ñ¨`«º=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. P"≥∞ ™œO^Œ~°º=Ú#‰õΩ K«eOK«Hõ
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ =∂„`«$ ÉèÏ==Ú`À Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜H˜ J~°… º áê^•º^Œ∞Å<˘ãÖy
#=∞ã¨¯iOz q#„=Ú_≥· Ü«ÚO_ç# Ü≥∞_»Å P Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ ãÖ`«ã≤Oz
<˘HõÇ¨~°=Ú#∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx HõO~î°=Ú#O^Œ∞"Õã≤ J^Œ$â◊º=∞QÆ∞#∞.
P `«^Œ∞Ñï ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx HÍHõe^ŒÑ≤ÊHõ ÅO`«iOK« QÆÅ=Ù. Ü«∞H˜Δ}©
=∞O„`« ã¨‡~°}=∂„`«=Ú KÕ`«<Õ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Ãã·#º=Ú#∞, JG=ÚÅ∞,
â◊G=ÚÅ#∞ (Y_®æ^ŒÚÅ∞) ã¨ÎOaèOÑ¨*ËÜ«∞QÆÅ â◊H˜ÎQÆÅ"å_»QÆ∞#∞.
JO`ÕQÍHõ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx QÆu ã¨ÎOÉèí#, |∞kú ã¨ÎOÉèí#, Jyfl ã¨ÎOÉèí#, [#
ã¨ÎOÉèí#, [O`«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèí# "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ QÍQÆÅ Jxfl q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞
ã¨ÎOaèOÑ¨*ËÜ«Ú â◊H˜Î ãÖ„áêÑ≤ÎOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. „Ñüx`«º=Ú Ç¨~°=Ú#∞
Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨ÙK«∞ ^èŒ~°‡=~°Î#∞_≥· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ 100 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞
[Ñ≤OÑ¨ÙK«∞O_ç# Ü≥∞_»Å „Ñ¨[ÅKÕ`«, ~åAÅKÕ`« Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨ |_»∞K«∞
JdÖˇ·â◊fi~°º ã¨=∞xfi`«∞_≥· ã¨HõÅ ã¨∞YÉè’QÆ=ÚÅ #O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞.
62
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
g~°∞Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO NO HÍHõ Hõ=∞Å=~°÷<Õ ã¨~°fi HÍ~åº~å÷<£ ^ÕÇ≤Ï=∞=∞
ã¨HõÅHÍ~åº<£ ™ê^èŒÜ«∞ ã¨~°fiã≤kúáê^Œ∞HÍÜ«∂O Ç¨ÏOHõΔO NO
ã¨~åfi#fl^•~Ú<Õ ã¨~°fiã≤kúO ã¨`«fi~°O‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ ™êfiÇ¨ II
„Ñü x`«º=Ú xâ◊ÛÅ=∞#ã¨∞¯_≥· =∞O„`«[Ñ¨ "≥Ú#~°∞ÛK«∞ 20
ÖËHõ 40 k#=ÚÅÖ’ ÅHõ[Δ Ñ¨=Ú Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ QÍqOz QÀ^è∞Œ =∞Å∞, â◊#QÆÅ∞
HõeÑ≤ Ñ¨k"ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=Ú Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú QÍqOz# g~°∞Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
„Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ=ÚHÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. P ^Õ=º#∞ „QÆÇ¨Ï=Ú=Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ UkHÀi#
Jk ÅaèOÑ¨QÆÅ^Œ∞. „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’ ZHõ¯_» U =ã¨∞Î=Ù#fl#∞ HõΔ}HÍÅOÖ’
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ ÅaèOÑ¨ÙK«∞O_»∞#∞. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞^ÕtÌ Oz# =ã¨∞=Î Ù U^≥#· Ñ¨Ê\˜H©
Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ HÀi# `«HõΔ}=∞O^Õ P =ã¨∞Î=Ùx ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx HõO^Œ*ËÜ«∞QÆÅ^Œ∞.
Ñ¶¨ÖÏ<å „Ñ¨^Õâ◊OÖ’ QÆÅ =ã¨∞Î=Ù#∞ <å‰õΩ HÍ=Öˇ#x ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞
`«# =∞#ã¨∞ûÖ’ `«Åz#O`«<Õ P =ã¨∞Î=`«x KÕuÜ«∞O^Œ∞O_» QÆÅ_»∞.
J~Ú`Õ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `«Åz# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊OÖ’ P =ã¨∞Î=Ù ÖËHõ áÈ`Õ P
=∞~°∞HõΔ}"Õ∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© â◊H˜Î JO`«iOzáÈQÆÅ^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞
=ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ Pi¬OÑ¨|_»QÆÅ=Ù. Wk `«HõΔ} ã≤kúxK«∞Û#∞.
H˘O^Œ~°∞ ÉÏÉÏÅ∞ – qÉèí∂`«∞Å∞, t=eOQÍÅ∞ "≥Ú#q
â◊¥#ºOÖ’ #∞Oz KÕ`«∞Å`Àfã≤ Wã¨∂Î=ÙO_»@O =Å# "å~°∞
^≥·"åOâ◊QÆÅ"å~°x #q∞‡ q∞ye# Jxfl q+¨Ü«∂Å‰õΩ "åi J#∞„QÆÇ¨ÏO
H˘~°‰õΩ Ñ¨_çQÍÑ¨ÙÅ∞Ñ¨_Õ J*Ï˝#∞Å∞ QÆ∂_» D =∞O„`« ã≤kú#Ok`Õ
ZHõ¯_À^•z# =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ#∞, qÉèí∂ux, u#∞|O_®~°=ÚÅ#∞ ~ÚOHÍ
63
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
"å~°∞ "Õ\ ˜x Éèí„^ŒÑ¨~°z =ÙOK≥^Œ~À P"≥ÖÏ¡ QÆ∂_® HõΔ}HÍÅOÖ’
''Ç¨OÑ¶¨\ò—— Jx fã≤ W=fi=K«∞Û#∞.
ZO`«â◊H˜Î QÆÅ"åÔ~·##∞ JÑ¨Ê\˜HõÑ¨C_»∞ ã¨$+≤ìOK«@O HõÅ¡,
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ ã≤^ŒúOKÕã≤H˘#fl (`«Ü«∂~°∞QÍqOz#) "å\˜<Õ Z=fiiH©
`≥eÜ«∞‰õΩO_® Éèí„^ŒÑ¨~°z, P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ `«=∞ â◊H˜ÎxE¿Ñ q^èŒOQÍ,
=∞#ã¨∞Ö’ P =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ HÀ~°QÍ<Õ Jq Ü«∞H˜Δ}© â◊H˜ÎKÕ "åiKÕ`«∞ÅÖ’
#∞O_»∞#∞. Wk J=∂Ü«∞Hõ „Ñ¨[Å#∞ Hõ_»∞ Pâ◊Û~°ºOQÍ =ÙO@∞Ok.
~°u ~å[ Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO „Ç‘ÏO H©¡O „HÀO qHõ\ÏÜ«∞ ™êfiÇ¨ II
D =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ „=`«nHΔÍxÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ QÆeæ U|k k#=ÚÅ∞
UHÍO`«OQÍ k#=Ú#‰õΩ 1500 =∂~°∞¡ [Ñ≤Oz, Ñ¨k=∂~°∞¡ ™êO„ÉÏ}˜,
QÆ ∞ yæ Å =Ú, QÆ O ^è Œ Ñ ¨ Ù K≥ H õ ¯ Å`À Ç¨ Ï Ÿ=∞=ÚQÍqOz, S^Œ ∞ QÆ ∞ ~° ∞
ã¨∞"åã≤hÅ‰õΩ =∞$ëêì#fl=ÚÖÏ~°yOÑ¨*Ëã≤# =∞O„`«ã≤kú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞.
™ê^è∞Œ ‰õΩ_»∞ =∞O„`«ãk≤ #ú Ok# `«^∞Œ Ñï „Ñük#=Ú 108 =∂~°∞¡
=∞O„`«=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OÑ¨ÙK«∞O_»∞@=Å#, J`«x Ez# "å~°O^Œ~°∂
PHõi¬`«∞Å∞ HÍQÆÅ~°∞. =ÚYº=ÚQÍ ¢ã‘Î[#=Ú ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx H˘~°‰õΩ
"≥O@|_ç~åQÆÅ~°∞. ã¨ÉèíÅÜ«∞On =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ 28 =∂~°∞¡ ã¨‡iOz
áêÖÁæx# P ã¨ÉèíÖ’ #∞#fl "å~°O^Œ~°∂ =ÚQÆ∞úÖˇ· ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx =∂@Å‰õΩ
t~°"≥Úyæ |^Œ∞úÖˇ·# Ü«ÚO_»QÆÅ~°∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_≥@∞=O\˜ "å_≥·#Ñ¨Ê\˜H©
„Ñ¨[ÖÏ`«xx Hõ_»∞ „¿Ñq∞OÑ¨ÙK«∞O_≥^Œ~°∞.
64
8
8H˘O^Œ~°∞ Hõ$„u=∞ ÑÖ_ç`«∞b Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«â◊H˜Î =Å# „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=ºH˜Î PHõ~°¬}QÆÅ"åÔ~· „Ñ¨[ÅÖ’ Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ|_ç, P~åaè=∂#=ÚÅ∞

ãÖáêkOÑ¨Ù K«∞O_»∞@ D<å_»∞ =∞#=Ú K«∂K«∞<ÕÜ«Ú<åfl=Ú.
`«i¯OzK«∂z# J\˜ì"åiÖ’ UáêO_ç`«º „Ñ¨Hõ~°¬Ü«Ú Ü«ÚO_»^Œ∞. "åiH˜
[<åHõ~°¬ =∂„`«=Ú JkèHõ=ÚQÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. ^•xH˜ HÍ~°} q∂
=∞O„`«â◊H˜Î J#fl Juâ◊Ü≥∂H˜ÎHÍ^Õ"≥∂!.
Éèí∂`«Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO „Ç‘ÏO „Ç‘ÏO NO H©¡O ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« QÆ}=jHõ~°}O
‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ „Ç‘ÏO NO H©¡O #=∞ó II
J~°~ú å„u ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ÃÑ^Œ`Ì ∞« =∞‡ K≥@∞ì=^ŒÌ UHÍO`«OQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx
k#=Ú#‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ "ÕÅ=O`«∞# =∂ãÖ k#=ÚÅ∞ [Ñ≤Oz PY~°∞
k#=∞O^• `«∞=∞‡K≥@∞ì Ü≥ÚHõ¯ |OHõ#∞ Q˘x=zÛ HÀ_ç„QÆ∞_»∞¤â’#`À
HõeÑ≤ =ÙOz „Ñüx`«º=Ú uÅHõOQÍ ^èiŒ Oz K«iOÑ¨ÙK«∞#fl ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH©,
Éèí∂`«, „¿Ñ`«, Ñ≤âßK«, „|Ç¨‡~åHõΔ™êk QÆ}=ÚeflÜ«Ú =â◊=~°Î=ÚÖˇ·
Ü«ÚO_»∞#∞.. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ #_»=QÆÅ=Ù. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»k
"≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ U`«∞=∞‡ K≥@∞ì#∞ #~°HõQÆ∂_»^Œ∞. „Ñü J=∂"åã¨º‰õΩ `«∞=∞‡
K≥@∞ì =^ŒÌ 108 [OÑ¨ QÍqOz Jxfl Éèí∂`«=ÚÅ‰õΩ ¿ÑÖÏÅ∞ |eQÍ
K«e¡~å"åe.
65
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
"åH± ã≤kú Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO #"≥∂ eOQÀ^Œƒù=~°∞„^Œ, ^ÕÇ≤Ï"Õ∞ "åK«O ã≤kú I
q<å Ñ¨~°fi`«QÆ`Õ. „^•O „nO „^Œ∂O ¢^≥·O „^ÒO „^Œó II
„=`«nHõΔ QÆeæ# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ xjkèÜ«∞O^Œ∞ t~°ó ™êfl#=Ú QÍqOz
=_»Å∞`«∞_»=‰õΩO_® P `«_ç|@ìÅ`À_»<Õ t=ÅeOQÆ ã¨q∂ÑÖÖ’ `«#
Z_»=∞ KÕux t~°ã¨∞û ÃÑ· #∞OK«∞H˘x k#=Ú#‰õΩ J~Ú^Œ∞"ÕÅ
Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ =∞O„`«[ÑÖ K≥Ü«∂ºe. D „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 21 k#=ÚÅ∞
KÕã≤ "≥∂^Œ∞QÆÑ¨ÙÅ¡Å∞, Hõ~°HÍ¯Ü«∞Å∞, Ñ≤Ñ¨Êà◊√§, =ã¨, P=Ù<≥~Úº HõeÑ≤
Ñ¨k"ÕÅ=∂~°∞¡ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O KÕã≤# ÃÑ· =∞O„`«ã≤kú KÕ‰õÄ~°QÆÅ^Œ∞.
D =∞O„`«ã≤kú#Ok# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_Õk ÑëH˜# Jk x[=∞QÆ∞#∞.
Z=iˆHq∞ *ˇÑ≤Ê##∞ Jk ã¨`«º=ÚHÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. „Ñü k#=Ú ~å„u"Õà◊
D =∞O„`«O 108 [Ñ≤ã¨∞ÎO_®e. `«# ÉèÏ~°º#∞ `«Ñ¨Ê J#º ¢ã‘ÎÅ#∞
Hõ<fl≥ uÎ J~Ú<å K«∂_»‰Äõ _»^∞Œ . 21 ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ Dâ◊HKÎ˜ Õ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞
"åH˜û ã≤kúQÆeæ ãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ#Ok ã¨∞dOÑ¨QÆÅ_»∞.
™êQÆ~° Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO #"≥∂ ÉèíQÆ=<£ ~°∞„^Œ ^ÕÇ≤Ï ~°`åflx [Å~åâı #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`ÕII
nHΔÍxÜ«∞=∞=ÚÅ∞QÆÅ\˜ì ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ ~å„uHÍÅ=Ú #O^Œ∞
XO@iQÍ ã¨=Ú„^ŒÑ¨Ù X_»∞¤=^ŒÌ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx ã≤÷~°"≥∞ÿ# =∞#ã¨∞û HõÅ"å_≥·
k#=Ú#‰õΩ Ñ¨k"ÕÅ Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞.
[áêO`«=Ú#O^Œ∞ ã¨=Ú„^Œ=Ú#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOz H˘|ƒiHÍÜ«∞, ÑÖ_»∞,¡ áêÅ∞,
66
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
^èŒ∂Ñ¨nÑ¨=ÚÅ∞ ã¨=∞iÊOK«=Öˇ#∞. D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ Ñ¨^Œ∞<˘HõO_»∞
k#=ÚÅ∞ [Ñ¨=Ú QÍqOz# Ü≥∞_»Å ÑÖ„_≥O_»= k#=Ú#O^Œ∞ ™êQÆ~°
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© ¢ã‘ÎQÍ QÍx, Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ ~°∂ÑÖÖ’x QÍh ã¨=Ú„^Œ=ÚÖ’ #∞O_ç
=zÛ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ñ¨sH˜ΔOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. JÑ¨sHõΔ‰õΩ xÅ|_ç# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxQÍ
Ü«∞H˜}Δ â© H◊ Î˜ =¸_»∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê ~°`fl« =ÚÅxzÛ "≥à§◊ QÆÅ^Œ∞. P~°`fl« „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú
=Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ ã¨=∞ã¨Î Hõ+¨ì=ÚÅ∞ `˘Åy áÈ~Ú, â◊„`«∞=ÙÖˇÅ¡~°∞
xsfi~°∞ºÖˇ· â◊~°}∞"Õ_»QÆÅ~°∞ JO`Õ QÍ# ^èŒ#ã¨=∞$kú q∞‰õΩ¯@=ÚQÍ
ÅaèOz, ã¨HõÖˇ·â◊fi~Àº ¿Ñ`«∞_≥· ã¨∞Yr=#=Ú *ËÜ«∞QÆÅ_»∞. Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜
„Ñ¨™êkOz# ~°`«fl=ÚÅ#∞ „Ñüx`«º=Ú Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨ÙK«∞, =∞O„`«=Ú 108
=∂~°∞¡ [Ñ≤OÑ¨ÙK«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. P ~°`«fl=ÚÅ∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩx Ü≥Ú^ŒÌ L#flO`«
HÍÅ=Ú ^èŒ#, ^è•<åº^≥·â◊fi~°º=ÚÅ∞ JÑïq∞`«=ÚQÍ ÅaèOK«QÆÅ=Ù.
Ç¨ÏOã¨|^Œú Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O
=∞O„`«O :
FO Ç¨ÏO ã¨ó ã¨~°fiÖ’K«<åÜ«∞ |O^èŒÜ«∞ |O^èŒÜ«∞
^Õg P*Ï˝Ñ¨Ü«∞u ™êfiÇ¨ II
P=ÙáêÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ PÇ¨~°=ÚQÍ Ñ¨ÙK«∞ÛH˘#∞K«∞ nHΔÍxÜ«∞=∞
=ÚÅ∞ QÆe#æ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ áê_»∞|_ç# ^Œ∞~åæÅÜ«∞=Ú #O^Œ∞ ~å„u"ÕàÅ◊ Ö’
^Œ∞~°æ HÔ ^Œ∞~°∞QÍ QÆ∂~°∞Ûx, „Ñük#=Ú <≥"· ^Õ ºŒ =ÚÅKÕ ^Õq #iÛOÑ¨ÙK«∞O_»
=Öˇ#∞. Dq^èŒ=ÚQÍ 21k#=ÚÅ∞ [Ñ¨=Ú QÍqOz# Ü≥∞_»Å Ç¨ÏOã¨
|^ŒÊ^èŒ Ü«∞H˜}Δ © „Ñ¨`º« Hõ"Δ ∞≥ ÿ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ [~°#∞ (=Úãë`«#=Ú) â◊„`«∞=ÙÅKÕ
JÑ¨HÍ~°=ÚÅ#∞ HõÅ∞QÆ‰õΩO_® Ü«ÚO_»∞ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ#∞, ÑïÑ¨Ó~°‚
P~ÀQÆº=Ú ÅaèOK«∞ÖÏQÆ∞# =~°=Ú<˘ãÖQÆ QÆÅ^Œ∞. D ™ê^è<Œ å „Hõ=∞=Ú
W`«~°∞Å‰õΩ `≥Å∞Ñ¨‰õΩO_® ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º=ÚQÍ <åK«iOK«=Öˇ#∞.
67
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
K«O_» Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO #"≥∂ K«O_ô „Ñ¨K«O_Õ q„Ñ¨K«O_®eh â’aèh Hõ~°¬}©,
PHõ~°¬Ü«∂ Hõ~°¬Ü«∞„^Œ=º=∂#Ü«∞ „Ñ¨|Å=∂#Ü«∞
Ç¨ïOÑ¶¨\ò ™êfiÇ¨II
™ê^èŒ# ‰õΩÑ¨„Hõq∞OK«∞@‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ <˘Hõ~ÀA LÑ¨"åã¨=Ú
QÍqOz. Éè∂í q∞ÃÑ· â◊Ü∞« xOK«=Öˇ#∞. =∞~°∞<å_»∞ Éè’[#=Ú QÍqOÑ¨ÙK«∞
=∞^èŒº=∞^èŒº H˘O`«#fl=Ú Lq∞‡"ÕÜ«Ú K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. `«~°∞"å`« `å#∞
Lq∞‡"Õã#≤ ZOye ™ê÷#=Ú #O^Œ∞ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_ç K«O_ç Ü«∞H˜}Δ x˜ ^è•ºxOz
– k# "≥ÚHõ\ ˜Hõ 2500 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ W~°∞=^˘Hõ¯
~ÀAÅ∞ [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞.Ñ¨ J@∞ `«~°∞"å`« U_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ P ™ê÷#=Ú
#O^Õ Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· x„kOÑ¨ÙK«∞O_ç# Ü≥∞_»Å – U^À XHõ~ÀA ~å„u"Õà◊
Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ =∞Ç¨cè~°"≥∞ÿ# ¢ã‘Î ~°∂Ñ¨=Ú# „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ=ÚHÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. J@∞¡
„Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ"≥∞ÿ# Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ J<ÕHõ cÉèí`«û ^Œ$â◊º=ÚÅ#∞ HÍ#∞Ñ≤OÑ¨*Ëã≤
™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ u#~åx Ñ¨^•~°÷=ÚÅx=fiQÆÅ^Œ∞. WOHÍ ÉèíÜ«∞ÃÑ@ìQÆÅ^Œ∞.
Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜KÕÜ«Ú DHõ$`«º=ÚÅ#∞ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ ÉèíÜ«∞=∞O^ŒHõ Fiq∞`À
ã¨Ç≤ÏOz =∞#ã¨∞Ö’ =∞O„`« [Ñ¨=Ú QÍqOK«∞K«∞, P ^Õ=`« WzÛ#
=ã¨∞Î=Ù Öˇ\ ˜ì<≥·##∞ ÉèíH˜Î`À ã‘fiHõiOz# Ü≥∞_»Å, Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ âßOu#Ok
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ xH˜ =~°=Ú ÖÁãÖQÆÅQÆÅ^Œ∞. P=~° „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú =Å# ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞
W`«~°∞Å∞ `«#∞fl [~ÚOK«ÖËx |ÅÑ¨~å„Hõ=∞=ÚÅ∞ QÆÅ"å_»QÆ∞#∞.
JOuÜÕ∞QÍHõ „Ñük#=Ú ~å„u"Õà◊Ü«∞O^Œ∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ Ü≥ÚãÖQÆ∞ ^èŒ#,
ã¨∞=~°‚, =¢™êÎ Éèí~°}Ï^Œ∞ÅKÕ Q˘Ñ¨Ê Sâ◊fi~°º ã¨=∞$kú QÆÅ"å_»QÆ∞#∞.
68
8
8™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ ã¨„Hõq∞Oz#k "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ =∞O„`« [Ñ¨=Ú
Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
=∂#~å^Œ∞. x`«º=Ú Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· â◊Ü«∞xOK«=Öˇ#∞. ã≤kú#Ok# Ñ≤=∞‡@

‰õÄ_® „Ñük#=Ú 108 =∂~°∞¡ =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OK«∞K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞.
Ü«∞H˜}Δ ˜ KÕ‰Äõ iÛ# Sâ◊fi~°º=Ú#∞ ^Œ∞ifixÜ≥∂QÆÑ~¨ z° # Ü≥∞_»Å =∞O„`«âH◊ Î˜
#tOz Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú ÅaèOz# ãÖÑ¨^#Œ tOz, ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ QÆ~ƒ° ^ù iŒ „^Œ=Ú`À
ÉÏ^èŒÅ #O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞.
JQÀK«~° Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO #"≥∂ =∞Ç¨ =∞"Õ∞â◊fis =∞=∞ Ñ¨~°º@`«ó ã¨~°fiÖ’Hõ
Ö’K«<åx |O^èŒÜ«∞ ^Õ"åº*Ï˝Ñ¨Ü«∞u ™êfiÇ¨ II
™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞Ñ¨"åã¨ „=`«=Ú QÔ H· ˘x =∞ø#=Ú# #=ÅOaOz, TiH˜
^Œ∂~°=ÚQÍ #∞#fl t"åÅÜ«∞=Ú #O^Œ∞ t=Ùx‰õΩ`«Î~°=ÚQÍ ^ŒH˜Δ}
=ÚYOQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx [Ñ¨=∂Å#∞ Z_»=∞KÕ`« ^èŒiOz ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞
~ÀA‰õΩ S^Œ∞ "ÕÅÑ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ =O`«∞# W~°∞=^˘Hõ¯~ÀAÅ∞ ~å„u"Õà◊
Ü«∞O^Œ∞ [Ñ≤OK« =Öˇ#∞.
D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ nHõΔ Ñ¨ÓiÎ QÍqOz# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ 22= ~ÀA
~å„u [ÑÖ K≥Ü«∞º‰õΩO_® T~°Hõ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx Ü«ÚO_ç# Ü≥∞_»Å
J~°~÷ å„`«=Ú#‰õΩ Ü«∞H˜} Δ ˜ Q˘Ñ¨Ê ^èfiŒ x, QÍe ã¨$+≤Oì z ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ x Ñ¨sHÕΔ K«
QÆÅ^Œ∞. =∞iÜ«Ú ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_ç# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊=Ú t=ÙxQÆ∞_ç`À#∞
ã¨Ç¨ Éèí∂q∞Ö’xH˜ kyáÈ=ÙK«∞#fl@∞¡ „ÉèÏOu ãÖÉèíqOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. D
"≥·s`«º=ÚÅ‰õΩ K«eOÑ¨Hõ ã≤÷~° =∞uÜ≥ÿ∞ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_ç# Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ"≥∞ÿ
69
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
XHõ Ç¨  ~° = ÚQÍh, QÆ ∞ \˜ H õ Q Íh, Ü≥ Ú ã¨ O QÆ Q Æ Å ^Œ ∞ . PÇ¨  ~° = Ú
HõO~î°=Ú#O^Œ∞ ^èŒiOK«∞@=Å# (QÆ∞\˜HõÜ≥ÿ∞# <À\˜Ö’Ñ¨@∞ìH˘#=Öˇ#∞)
™ê^èŒ#‰õΩxH˜ J^Œ$â◊ºHõ~°}â◊H˜Î ÅaèOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. Ñ¨QÆÅ∞, ~å„uÅO^Œ∞
Ü≥∞=fiiH© Hõ#∞Ñ≤OK«‰Ωõ O_® ZHõ¯_≥#· #∞ u~°QQÆ ÅÆ â◊HÎ˜ Ü≥Ú#QÆ∂_»QÅÆ ^Œ∞.
„Ñük#=Ú Ü«∞H˜Δ}© Ñ¨ÓlOÑ¨ÙK«∂ =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ 108 Ñ¨~åºÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞
[Ñ≤OÑ¨Ù K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞.
"å~åÎm Ü«∞H˜Δ}© =∞O„`«O

=∞O„`«O :
FO #=∞ó Ñ≤âßzh "å~åÎm =∞`«¯~°‚ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ Jf`å<å
QÆ`« =~°Î=∂#O ã¨`«ºO ã¨`«ºO Hõ^äŒÜ«∞"Õ∞ ™êfiÇ¨ II
x~°˚# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊=ÚÅO^Œ∞QÆÅ =∂q∞_çK≥@∞ì H˘=∞‡ÃÑ· ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx
~å„u"Õà◊ Ü«∞On =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ xÜ«∞=∞=Ú
Åxfl\˜h áê\ÕÑ¨ÙK«∞ XO@iQÍ ~å„u HÍÅ=Ú#O^Œ∞ ÃÑ· =∞O„`«=Ú#∞
~ÀA‰õΩ 5000 =O`«∞# 21 ~ÀAÅ∞ [Ñ≤OK«=Öˇ#∞. „Ñük#=Ú
[Ñ¨=Ú Ñ¨ÓiÎ J~Ú# Ñ≤=∞‡@ K≥@∞ìky =zÛ K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^Œ@ Ü«∞H˜Δ}©
„Ñ‘uÔH· =∞^èŒ∞, =∞`«ûº, =∂Oã¨=ÚÅ#∞ PÇ¨~°=ÚQÍ <˘ãÖQÆ∞
K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. 21= ~ÀA =∂„`«O Uq^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# PÇ¨~°O W=fi‰õΩO_®
K≥@∞ì ky "≥#∞kiy K«∂_»‰õΩO_® =ã¨∂Î =ÙO_ç# Ü«∞H˜Δ}© "≥#∞Hõ‰õΩ
~°Ñ≤ÊOK«∞@Hõ<ÕHõ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«fl=ÚÅ∞ QÍqOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ K«eOK«Hõ
=ÚO^Œ∞#ˆH "≥à◊§=Öˇ#∞. JÑ¨C_»∞ Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ kQÆO|iÜ≥ÿ∞
Ñ¶∞¨ ’~°"∞≥ #ÿ ~°∂Ñ¨=Ú`À ™êHΔÍ`«¯iOz PÇ¨~°=Ú#_»∞QÆ QÆÅ^Œ∞. JÑ¨C_»∞
70
8
8 Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `«#∞ HÀiHõ#Ñ¨C_»∞ =zÛ `«#‰õΩ HÍ=Åã≤# q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ
<≥ÅK¡ Ñ≥ C¨ q^è=Œ ÚQÍ P ^Õ=`« KÕ`« "åQÍÌ#O KÕ~ÚOK«∞H˘x, `«#=^Œ=Ì Ù#fl
=∞^Œº, =∞`«ûº, =∂O™ê^Œ∞Å <˘ãÖQÆ=Å#∞.
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»k "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ „Ñü x`«º=Ú 108 =∞O„`« [Ñ¨=Ú
QÍqOK«∞ K«∞O_»=Öˇ#∞. Éèí∂`«, Éèíq+¨º`ü, =~°Î=∂# HÍÅ=Ú#O^Œe
U q+¨Ü∞« =Ú#∞ QÆ∞iOz `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘# QÀi##∞ ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ =∞O„`«=Ú#∞
ã¨‡iOz q+¨Ü«∞=Ú#∞ ^ŒÅOz# `«HõΔ}=∞O^Õ Ü«∞HΔ̃}˜ P q+¨Ü«∞=Ú#∞
QÆ∞iOz ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ qxÑ≤OK«∞ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ Jxfl q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞
*ˇ Ñ ¨ Ê K« ∞ O_» Q Æ Å ^Œ ∞ . H˘O^Œ s â◊ H ˜ Î 12 ã¨ O =`« û ~° = ÚÅ =~° ‰ õ Ω
Ñïq∞`«"≥∞ÿÜ«ÚO_»QÆÅ^Œx ^≥eÊ<å~°∞. HÍh J#∞Éèí=OÖ’ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞
`«#Ü≥∂QÆº`«#∞ HÍáê_»∞H˘#flO`«HÍÅ=Ú D Ü«∞H˜Δ}˜ Ñ¶ëOÑ¨Ù
K«∞O_»QÆÅ^Œx `≥eÜ«ÚK«∞#flk.
ã¨∂K«# :
ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ =∞O„`«âßG=Ú JuÑ¨Ù~å`«#"≥∞ÿ#k. Q˘Ñ¨Ê
=∞Ç≤Ï=∞QÆÅk HÍÅ=Ú QÆuOz#H˘Åk J^èŒ~°‡=Ú JkèHõ=∞QÆ∞K«∞
™êfi~°Ñ÷ ~¨ ∞° Å∞, D~å¬º^Õfiëêã¨∂Ü«∞Ñ¨~∞° Å∞, ^Œ∞~å‡~°„æ Ñ¨=$uÎ QÆÅ"å~°∞ Ñ¨Ù@∞ì
K«∞O_»∞@=Å#, âßGq*Ï˝# "Õ`«ÎÅ∞ PÜ«∂ âßG=ÚÅO^Œe „Ñ¨^ä•#
H©ÅHõ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º=ÚÅ#∞ ^•z"Õã≤ P `å=ÙÅÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ãÖˆH`«=ÚÅ#∞
*ËiÛ<å~°∞. J\˜ì ãÖˆH`å~°÷=ÚÅ#∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOÑ¨ÖËx =∞O^Œ=∞`«∞Å∞ P
âßG=ÚÅ‰õ Ω =„Hõ " ≥ ∞ ÿ # J~° ÷ = ÚÅ#∞ „"åã≤ J<Õ H õ z#fl z#fl
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ÉèÏ+¨, P ÉèÏ+¨Ü«∞O^Œ∞QÆÅ J<ÕHÍ<ÕHõ =∞O„`«, Ü«∞O„`«, `«O„`«,
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ÅaèOz# Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈Hõ=Ú ÅO^Œe q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ∞ `«=∞Hõ~°÷"≥∞ÿ#@∞¡QÍ ÉèÏqOz
™êkèOz QÀ~°∞@ ''Tax—— <ÕÅÜ«∞x„Éèqí ∞Oz#>Ë¡ HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. D Ü«∞H˜}
Δ ©
`«O„`«=ÚÅ#∞ HõeÜ«ÚQÆOÖ’ ™êkèOK«QÆÅQÆ@O KåÖÏ ^Œ∞~°¡Éèí=∞x =∂
Jaè„áêÜ«∞=Ú. JO`ÕQÍHõ J<ÕHõ qÑ¨`«∞ÎÅ <≥^Œ∞~˘¯=Åã≤ =ÙO@∞Ok.
J~Ú`Õ Ñ¨Ó~°fi[#‡Ñ¨Ù}º qâı+¨=Ú=Å¡ ã¨^Œ∞æ~°∞=ÙÅ∞ ÅaèOz –
™ê^èŒ<åã≤kú#Ok# =∞Ç¨ÏhÜ«ÚÅ∞ ÖËHõáÈÖË^Œ∞. J\˜ì =∞Ç¨ÏhÜ«ÚÅ=^ŒÌ
Ñ¨ÓiÎ q^•º=∞~°‡=ÚÅ∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOz Ü≥∞=fiÔ~·##∞ ™êkèOK«∞@‰õΩ
Ü«∞uflOK«∞@ „âıÜ≥∂^•Ü«∞Hõ=Ú.
''ã¨=∞ã¨Î =∞#‡OQÆàÏx Éèí=ã¨∞Î!——
=∂=^ŒÌ ÅaèOK«∞ „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÅ∞
1. „=`«Hõ^äŒÅ∞ – Ñ¨Ó[Å∞
1. N q<åÜ«∞Hõ „=`«O "≥Å ~°∂.10-00
2. N q¿Ñ¶∞flâ◊fi~°Ñ¨Ó*Ï–Ñ¨Ù}ÏºÇ¨Ï"åK«#O 25–00
3. N q¿Ñ¶∞flâ◊fi~°Ñ¨Ó[ (HÍ}˜áêHõˆHΔ„`«=∂Ç¨`«‡ºO`À) 10–00
4. ãÖHõ+¨ìÇ¨Ï~°K«`«∞i÷ N=∞Ç¨QÆ}Ñü „=`«O 30–00
5. =~°ÅH©; „=`«O 7–50
6. ˆH^•ˆ~â◊fi~° „=`«O 7–50
7. „u<å^èŒ „=`«O(HõÅ~ü) 7–50
8. „u<å^èŒ„=`«O(™ê^•) 5-00
9. H©Δ~åaú „=`«O 10–00
10.=∞OQÆà◊ Q“s„=`«O 10-00
11."≥·Éèí=ÅH©; „=`«O á¶È\’ Ü«∞O„`«O`À 20-00
12.NÅH©; ‰õΩÉË~° „=`«O (á¶È\’ Ü«∞O„`«O`À) 20-00
13.Hõ#Hõ=∞Ç¨ÅH©; „=`«O (HÍ"Õ∞â◊fisáê@`À) 20-00
14.ãÖ`À+‘=∂`å „=`«O 20-00
15.U_»∞ â◊x"å~åÅ „=`«O 20-00
16.ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}„=`«O 20-00
17.N ã¨∞=~°ÛÖÏÇ¨Ï#∞=∞nÌHõΔ 20-00
18.t=nHõΔ 10-00
19.HÍ`åºÜ«∞h „=`«O 20–00
-1-
20.™œÉèÏQÆº Q“s„=`«O 20–00
21.u~°∞áêÊ"≥· (^èŒ#∞~å‡ã¨„=`«O) 36–00
22.„ã‘ÎÅ „=`«Hõ^äŒÅ∞ 30–00
23.„ã‘ÎÅ„=`«Hõ^äŒÅ∞ã¨∂÷ÖÏHõΔi(<Õ^Œ∞#∂iQÆOQÍ^èŒ~°~å=ÙQÍi) 54–00
24.„ã‘ÎÅáê@Å∞ (HÍ"Õ∞â◊fisáê@`À) 36–00
25.ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å Ñ¨Ó*Ïq^è•#O 20–00
26.P~°∞„=`åÅ∞ 30–00
27.^èŒ#fiO`«s „=`«HõÅÊO 10-00
28.~åÇ¨ïHÍÅOÖ’^Œ∞~åæ^ÕgÑ¨Ó*Ï 10-00
29.`«∞Åã≤ x`«ºÑ¨Ó[, `«∞Åã‘LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÍÅ∞ 10-00
30.N K«„HõÑ¨Ó[ 10-00
31.N K«„Hõ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º q*Ï˝#"£∞ 36–00
32.NK«„Hõ Ñ¨Ó*Ïq^è•#O(ÃÑ^ŒÌk) 36–00
33.ÅH©; – Q“s x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
34.NÅe`åx`«ºÑ¨Ó[(Åe`åã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`«O`À) 10–00
35.N QÍÜ«∞„f x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
36.J#flÑ¨Ó~°‚ x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
37.N ã¨~°ã¨fif x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
38.=∞Ç≤Ïëêã¨∞~° =∞~°÷hÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
39.~å[~å*Ëâ◊fis x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
40.N ^Œ∞~åæx`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
41.HÍÅÉèˇ·~°= x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
-2-
42.t=Ñ¨Ó[ 10–00
43.g~°Éèí„^Œ Ñ¨Ó[ 10–00
44.PO[<ÕÜ«∞ x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
45.<åˆQO„^Œ ™êfiq∞ Ñ¨Ó[ 10–00
46.ã¨∞„|Ç¨Ï‡}º x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
47.~å=∞^Õ=Ùx Hõ^äŒ 10–00
48.t=^Õ=Ùx Hõ^äŒ 10–00
49.ÅH©;#~°ã≤OÇ¨ÏÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
50."ÕOHõ>Ëâ◊fi~°Ñ¨Ó[ 10–00
51.„|Ç¨Ï‡OQÍi x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
52.ã¨∂~°º x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
53.#=„QÆÇ¨Ï x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
54.~°∞H˜‡}© HõÖÏº}O 20–00
55.L=∂=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~° „=`«O 20–00
56.N HÍ"Õ∞â◊fis „=`«O 20–00
57.16 ™È=∞"å~°=ÚÅ „=`«=Ú 20–00
58.áê~°fifHõÖÏº}O 20–00
59.ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨Hõ=∞Å=iÎ „=`«=Ú 20–00
60.ÑÖK«=ÚY PO[<ÕÜ«∞x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 20–00
61.J+¨ì<åQÆÑ¨Ó[ 36–00
62.Ñ¨Ó[Å∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩKÕÜ«∂e ? 36–00
63.U ^Õ=ÙxH˜ UÑ¨ÙëêÊÅ`À Ñ¨ÓlOKåe? 36–00
-3-
64.U ^Õ=ÙxH˜ U„Ñ¨™ê^ŒO <≥·"Õ^ŒºO ÃÑ\Ïìe? 36–00
65.U^Õ=ÙxH˜ Uq^èŒ=ÚQÍnáê~å^èŒ#K≥Ü«∂ºe? 36–00
66.U^Õ=ÙxH˜ Zxfl „Ñ¨^ŒH˜Δ}Å∞KÕÜ«∂e ? 36–00
67.Ç¨Ï#∞=∞^£ „=`«O 36–00
68.ÑÖKåÜ«∞`«# Ñ¨Ó[ 45–00
69.28 „=`«=ÚÅ∞ 108–00
70.HõÅâ◊Ñ¨Ó[Å∞ (9XˆH™êi) 150–00
71.HõÅâ◊Ñ¨Ó[Å∞ (q_çq_çQÍ) („Ñ≤O@∞Ö’) 150–00
72.„Ç‘ÏOHÍ~° =∞Ç¨Ü«∞[˝O („Ñ≤O@∞Ö’) 150–00
73.J~°Û# 40–00
74.N~å=∞ Hõ~å‚=∞$`«=Ú 99–00
75.N ^Õg ÉèÏQÆ=`«O 99–00
76.N ^Õg ÉèÏQÆ=`«O (ˆHãπÉˇ·O_£) 360–00
77. ˆHΔ„`«<å=∂~°Û# 63–00
2. ™ÈÎ„`åÅ∞–ã¨∞„Ñ¨ÉèÏ`«=ÚÅ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞
1. N Åe`å q+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`åÅ∞ 40–00
2. N Åe`å q+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`åÅ∞ (ˆHãπÉˇ·O_£) 63–00
3. ã¨∂÷ÖÏHõΔiÅe`åq+¨μ‚ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`«=ÚÅ∞
(Ñ¨„uHõÃã·*ò ˆHãπ Éˇ·O_£) 108–00
Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» ~å^è•Hõ$+¨‚=¸iÎQÍi ãÖHõÅ#O
4. Åe`åq+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`«=ÚÅ∞ (Ç≤ÏOn) ,,40–00
5. Åe`åq+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`«=ÚÅ∞ (WOw¡+¨μ) ,,40–00
-4-
6. ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å ™ÈÎ„`«=∞O[i 120–00
7. ã¨HõÅ^Õ=`å JëÈì`«Î~°â◊`«<å=∂=oó (63) 20–00
8. Åe`å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ ™ÈÎ„`«"£∞(„H“<£) 36–00
9. Åe`å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
10.ÅH©; ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
11.^Œ∞~åæ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
12.PO[<ÕÜ«∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
13.t= ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
14.q+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
15.QÆ}Ñü ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
16.ã¨∞„|Ç¨Ï‡}º ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
18.Åe`åq+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`åÅ∞ 20–00
19.N~å=∂ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
20.ÅH©;#$ã≤OÇ¨Ïã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
21.ã¨∂~°ºã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ Pk`«ºÇ¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O 20–00
22.N"ÕOHõ>Ëâ◊fi~°ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 20–00
23.=∞}ñfiÑ¨=~°‚# (ÃÑ^ŒÌk) 20–00
24.ãÖ^•º=O^Œ#O 20–00
25.=∞O„`«Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê"£∞ 20–00
26.„uÉèÏëê Ç¨Ï#∞=∂<£Kåb™ê 10–00
27.Ç¨Ï#∞=∂<£ Kåb™ê 9–00
28.=∞}ñfiÑ¨=~°‚# (áêÔH\ò) 10–00
-5-
29.P~°∞ Kåb™êÅ∞ 10-00
30.t"å~å^èŒ# (t=™ÈÎ„`åÅ∞) 10–00
31."ÕOHõ>Ëâ◊fi~° ã¨∞„Ñ¨ÉèÏ`«O (áêÔH\ò) 10–00
32.P~°∞^ŒO_»HÍÅ∞ 6–00
33."ÕOHõ>Ëâ◊fi~° QÀqO^Œ<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 6–00
34.J+¨ìÅH©; ™ÈÎ„`«"£∞ Hõ#Hõ^è•~å™ÈÎ„`«"£∞ 10–00
35.^ÕgY_»æ=∂ÖÏ™ÈÎ„`«"£∞
(=∞Ç≤Ïëêã¨∞~°=∞~°Ìh™ÈÎ„`«O`À) 10–00
36.ÉÏÖÏ„uÑ¨Ù~° ã¨∞O^Œs x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ 10–00
37.ã¨∞O^Œ~°HÍO_» (áêÔH\ò) 10–00
38.ÉèíQÆ=næ`« =¸ÅO 20–00
39.~å=∞~°HΔÍ™ÈÎ„`«"£∞ 15–00
40.™ÈÎ„`« ~°`åfl=o 36–00
41.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_»Åe`å–
q+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`«"£∞(q∞h) 10–00
42.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» Åe`åã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`«"£∞(q∞h) 10–00
43.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» q+¨μ‚ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™ÈÎ„`«"£∞ 10–00
44.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» Pk`«º Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O 10–00
45.=∞O„`«Ñ¨Ù+¨ÊO (q∞h) 10–00
46.t"å#O^ŒÅÇ¨Ïi–™œO^Œ~°ºÅÇ¨Ïi 36–00
47.‰õΩ[^À+Ö 10–00
48.HÍÅã¨~°Ê ^À+Ö 10–00
-6-
49.g∞ JÑ¨CÅ∞ f~åÖÏ? 10–00
50.^Œ$+≤ì^ÀëêÅ∞ x"å~°} 10–00
51.ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å ^è•º#â’¡Hõ=ÚÅ∞ 10–00
52.ÑÖK«ã¨∂HõÎ=ÚÅ∞ 10–00
53.ãÖ^è•º=O^Œ#O 10–00
54.~°∞„^Œ#=∞Hõ"£∞–K«=∞Hõ"£∞ 10–00
55.QÍÜ«∞„f=∞O„`åÅ∞ 10–00
56.[Ñ¨=∞O„`åÅ∞ 10–00
57.Ç¨ÏÜ«∞„w= ™ÈÎ„`«=∂Å 10–00
58.^ŒH˜Δ}Ï=¸iÎ ™ÈÎ„`«=∂Å 10–00
59.^•fi^Œâ◊ *’ºui¡OQÍÅ∞–ÑÖKå~å=∂Å`À 10–00
60.Nã¨∂HõÎO Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ ã¨∂HõÎO 10–00
61.#=^Œ∞~°æÅ∞ 10–00
62.#=„QÆÇ¨Ï™ÈÎ„`«=∂Å 36–00
63.=∞Ç¨<åºã¨"£∞ 36–00
64.ã¨∞O^Œ~°HÍO_» QÍ<å=∞$`«O 36–00
65.ãÖ^è•º =O^Œ#O (ÃÑ^ŒÌk) 36–00
66.QÀ=∂`«Ñ¨Ó*Ïq^è•#=Ú 10–00
67.P#O^Œã≤kú – 1 N^Õg ™ÈÎ„`«=∂Å 108–00
68.P#O^Œã≤kú – 2 U ã¨=∞ã¨º‰õΩ
–U ™ÈÎ„`«"£∞ áê~åÜ«∞}KÕÜ«∂e 108–00
69. x`«º^Õ=`å~°Û# 45–00
-7-
70. NÅe`å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞–qÑ¨ÙÅq=~°}ã¨Ç≤Ï`«O 144–00
71. N ^Œ∞~åæã¨Ñ¨Îâ◊u–(K«O_ô) Ç¨ÏŸ=∞q^è•#=Ú ....
72. ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å ™ÈÎ„`«xkè 99–00
73. =∞}ñfiÑ¨=Ú (qÑ¨ÙÅ =K«# "åºMÏº#=Ú) 99–00
74. HÍÅÉèˇ·~°= ~°HΔÍHõ=K«=Ú 63–00
3. N ™ê~Ú ^Œ`«Î „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÅ∞
1. N ™ê~ÚÉÏÉÏ ã¨K«Ûùi„`« 99–00
2. ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ N QÆ∞~°∞ K«i„`« 99–00
3. N ™ê~ÚP~å^èŒ#–+≤i¤"≥·Éèí=O 99–00
4. N ™ê~ÚÉÏÉÏ rq`« K«i„`« („H“<£) 54–00
5. N QÆ∞~°∞K«i„`« („H“<£) 54–00
6. ^•ã¨QÆ}Hõ$`« N™ê~Ú K«i„`« 36–00
7. #=<å^èŒ K«i„`« 99–00
8. N™ê~ÚK«i„`«(Éˇ·O_»∞)
„Ñ¨Ü«∂}Ñ¨Ùáê~åÜ«∞}„QÆO^äŒO 54–00
9. NQÆ∞~°∞K«i„`« (Éˇ·O_»∞)
„Ñ¨Ü«∂}Ñ¨Ùáê~åÜ«∞}„QÆO^äŒO 54–00
10.ã¨`«º^Œ`«Î„=`«O ^Œ`åÎ„`ÕÜ«∞Ñ¨Ó*ÏHõÅÊO,ã¨Ç¨Ï„ãÖ`À 20–00
11.J#Ñ¶¨∂^Õg „=`«O 20–00
12.Éèí‰õΩÎÅ „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ ÉÏÉÏ ["å|∞Å∞ 30–00
13.=∞#ã¨∞Ö’x„Ñ¨â◊fl‰õΩN™ê~ÚÉÏÉÏ["å|∞Å∞ 30–00
14.JHõΔ~°„Hõ=∞=ÚÖ’ N™ê~Úã¨∂‰õΩÎÅ∞ 30–00
-8-
15.N ™ê~ÚÑ¨Ó*ÏHõÅÊO (ã¨Ç¨Ï„ãÖ`À) 20–00
16.N ™ê~ÚÉèí[#=∂Å 20–00
17.N ™ê~Ú Éèí[<£û 20–00
18.N ™ê~ÚÉèíH˜Î w`åÅ∞ 20–00
19.ti_çÇ¨~°`«∞Å∞ (ÉèÏ=O`À) 20–00
20.''N™ê~Ú——HÀ\˜ 25–00
21.''N™ê~Ú~å"£∞——HÀ\˜ 20–00
22.N ™ê~Ú<å^äŒ ™ÈÎ„`«=∞O[i 10–00
23.N ™ê~Ú"Õ~Ú<å=∂Å∞ 3-50
24.N ™ê~Ú ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨ <å=∂=o 10–00
25.N ™ê~Ú Kåb™ê–ã¨∞„Ñ¨ÉèÏ`«O 10–00
26.N ™ê~Ú<å^èŒ Kåb™ê 10–00
27.N ™ê~Ú Ç¨~°`«∞Å∞ (áêÔH\ò) 10–00
28.N ™ê~Ú x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ (áêÔH\ò) 10–00
29.N ™ê~Ú ã¨∂‰õΩÎÅ∞ 10–00
30.N ™ê~Ú ã¨Î=#=∞O[i–^Œ`«ÎKåb™ê 10–00
31.N™ê~Ú #HõΔ„`«=∂eHõ 10–00
32.Ç≤ÏOn N ™ê~Ú Ç¨~°`«∞Å∞ 12–00
33.â◊x ã≤OQÆ}ÏÑ¨Ó~ü ˆHΔ„`«=∂Ç¨`«‡ºO 45–00
34.WOw¡+¨μ N ™ê~ÚÇ¨~°`«∞Å∞ 12–00
35.+≤i_ç ^Œ~°≈#O–N™ê~Ú "≥·Éèí=O 99–00
36.™ê~Úã¨`«º„=`«O 20–00
-9-
37.™ê~Ú J#∞„QÆÇ¨Ï"£∞ 108–00
38.#=QÆ∞~°∞"å~åÅ „=`«HõÅÊ=Ú 15–00
39.N^Œ`«ÎbÖÏ=∞$`«=Ú 99–00
40.Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞OÖ’ ™ê~Ú 12–00
41.N+≤i_ô™ê~Ú bÖÏ=∞$`«O(Nã¨K«Ûùi„`«) 99–00
42.QÆ*Ï##=∞Ç¨Ï~å*ò K«i„`« 99–00
4. *’ºuëêÅ∞
1. 'HÍÅK«„HõO— QÆO@ÅÑÖKåOQÆO (QÍˆ~æÜ«∞) 60–00
2. „QÆÇ¨ÏÉèí∂q∞ ÑÖKåOQÆ=Ú (QÍˆ~æÜ«∞) 116–00
3. NK«„Hõ ÑÖKåOQÆO (`˘e =∞Ç≤ÏàÏÑÖKåOQÆO) 45–00
4. P#O^Œã≤kú ÑÖKåOQÆO ("≥·.q.âß„ã≤Î) 60–00
5. =ÚÅ∞QÆ∞"åi~åtÑ¶ë`åÅ∞(12~åâ◊√Å∞"åiH˜) 40–00
6. =ÚÅ∞QÆ∞"åi~åtÑ¶ë`åÅ∞ q_çq_çQÍXH˘¯Hõ¯\˜ 10–00
7. HÍÅK«„HõO*’ºu+¨HÍºÅO_»~(ü Nx"åã¨QÍˆ~æÜ«∞–„Ñ¨}u\˜q) 25–00
8. â◊√Éèí=∞ã¨∞Î (Ñ≤_»ÑïÎ) HÍºÅO_»~ü 25–00
9. ™ê^• HÍºÅO_»~ü 5–00
10. áêÔH\ò HÍºÅO_»~ü 15–00
11. `å[Hõ hÅHõOsîÜ«∞"£∞ 100–00
12. ˆH~°à◊ *’ºu+¨ ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 150–00
13. *’ºu+¨ „|Ç¨Ï‡ ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 150–00
14. =∂#¨™êQÆi *Ï`«HõÑ¨^Œ÷u 150–00
15. =~åÇ¨Ïq∞Ç≤Ï~° *Ï`«HõÑ¨^Œ÷u 150–00
- 10 -
16. =^èŒ∂=~° q"åÇ¨Ï"≥∞ÿ„u^•fi^Œâ◊‰õÄ@=ÚÅ∞ 99–00
17. ã≤OÑ¨ÙÖò Ô~q∞_ôãπ 250–00
18. â◊OÉèí∞ Ç¨ÏŸ~°„Ñ¨HÍtHõ 250–00
19. Ñ¨Ó~°fi Ñ¨~åâ◊i 100–00
20. Ñ¨~åâ◊~° *’ºu+¨q*Ï˝# ã¨~°fiã¨fiO 200–00
21. „Ñ¨â◊fl ã≤O^èŒ∞ 99–00
22. #HõΔ„`« qâı+¨ Ñ¶ë`åÅ∞ 45–00
23. ã¨~åfi~°÷ Ñ¶¨ÅK«O„kHõ 99–00
24. ã¨∂~°ºã≤^•úO`«ÑÖKåOQÆQÆ}˜`«OKÕÜ«∞_»OZÖÏ? 150–00
25. ^Œ$H˜û^•úO`«ÑÖKåOQÆQÆ}˜`«O KÕÜ«∞_»OZÖÏ? 150–00
26. PÜ«Ú~åÌÜ«∞ x~°‚Ü«∞O 45–00
27. *Ï`«Hõ QÆ}˜`« „Ñ¨"ÕtHõ 50–00
28. *’ºu+¨=∞~°‡É’kèx 50–00
29. *’ºu+¨ „Ñ¨â’fl`«Î~°=∂Å 50–00
30.=ÚÇ¨˙~°ÎO x~°‚~ÚOK«_»OZÖÏ? 50–00
31.*Ï`«Hõ =∞Hõ~°O^ŒO 36–00
32.*’ºu+¨ ã¨~°ã¨fiu 36–00
33.g∞[##HÍÅ qâıëêÅ∞ 36–00
34.=ÚÇ¨˙~°Î q*Ï˝# ÉèÏã¨¯~°O 36–00
35.*’ºu+¨ ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉ’kèx 36–00
36.â◊√Éèí=ÚÇ¨˙~°Î t~À=∞}˜ 36–00
37.#HõΔ„`« Ñ¶¨Å=∞O[i 36–00
- 11 -
38.ÑÖKåOQÆO K«∂¿ã q^è•#O 36–00
39.ã¨~åfi~°÷ *’ºu+Ö 36–00
40.„áê^äŒq∞Hõ *’ºu+Ö 36–00
41.#=~°`«fl=ÚÅ∞ â◊√ÉèíÜ≥∂QÆ=ÚÅ∞ 36–00
42.â◊√Éèíâ◊‰õΩ<åÅ∞ 25–00
43.Ç¨Ïã¨Îˆ~MÏÑ¶ë`åÅ∞ 36–00
44.ãÖYºÖ’¡ Éèíq+¨º`ü 36–00
45.=ÚÇ¨˙~°Î nÑ≤Hõ 99–00
46.Ñ¨Ù@∞ì=∞K«ÛÅ∞ Ñ¶ë`åÅ∞ 25–00
47. HõÅÅ∞ Ñ¶ë`åÅ∞ 25–00
48. *Ï`«Hõ K«„HõO "ÕÜ«∞_»O ZÖÏ? 36–00
49. =∂#™êQÆi („áêp#*’ºu+¨„QÆO^äŒO)
–Ñ¨ÙKåÛNx"åã¨~å=Ù 250–00
50. *’ºu+¨âßG z\Ï¯Å∞ 108–00
51. QÆ∞áêÎ â◊`åaú ÑÖKåOQÆO(1940–2050) 999–00
52. „Ñ¨â◊flK«O_Õâ◊fi~°"£∞ 50–00
53. ^•fi^Œâ◊ÉèÏ= Ñ¶¨ÅK«O„kHõ 250–00
54. *Ï`«HõK«„HõO g∞ˆ~ "Õã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û 36–00
55. *’ºu+¨ â◊`«Ü≥∂QÆ~°`åfl=o
(#∂~°∞Ü≥∂QÍÅÑ¶ë`åÅ∞) 108–00
56. JOQÆ™ê=Ú„kHõO 36–00
57. Ç¨Ïã¨Î ™ê=Ú„kHõO 40–00
- 12 -
58. ÖÏÖò H˜`åÉò 99–00
59. â◊‰õΩ#âßGO 80–00
60. P^èŒ∞xHõ„Ñ¨â◊flâßGO 120–00
61. Ñ¨~åâ◊~°*’ºu+¨ „Ñ¨â◊fl*’ºu+Ö 150–00
62. J+¨ìHõ=~°∞æ 50–00
63. |$Ç¨Ï`ü*Ï`«HõO („áêp#„ÑüH˜Ñ¨Ù#~°∞‡„^Œ}) 200–00
64. ÅQÆfl~°`åflHõ~°O 45–00
65. +¨@ÊOKåtHõ 120–00
66. 40 ~ÀAÖ’¡ *’ºu+Ö<Õ~°∞ÛH˘#O_ç 270–00
67. 40 ~ÀAÖ’¡ ™ê=Ú„kHõO<Õ~°∞ÛH˘#O_ç 150–00
68. 40 ~ÀAÖ’¡ ãÖMÏºâßGO 150–00
69. 40 ~ÀAÖ’¡ #HõΔ„`« (<å_ô) Ñ¶ë`«=ÚÅ∞ 270–00
70. 40 ~ÀAÖ’¡ "≥·^Œº*’ºu+Ö <Õ~°∞ÛHÀO_ç 250–00
71.g∞ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì#`Õn J^Œ∞ƒù`«~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 270–00
#∂º=∞~åÖÏr ã¨∂Ñ¨~ü ÔQ·_£ 200–00
72. ÔH.Ñ≤.*’ºu+Ö (ÑïK«Ü«∞O) 50–00
73. =ÚÇ¨˙~°ÎzO`å=∞}˜ 99–00
74. ã¨∂~°ºK«O„^Œ „QÆÇ¨Ï}=ÚÅ∞ 50–00
75.„Ñ¨ã≤^Œú=º‰õΩÎÅ *Ï`«HÍÅ∞ ("Õˆ~H˘O_»Ñ¨Ê) 150–00
76.J^Œ$+¨ìÔ~"≥∞_ôãπ 120–00
77.„QÆÇ¨ÏãÖKå~° Ñ¶¨Åx~°‚Ü«∞nÑ≤Hõ 50–00
78.*’ºu+¨ Ô~q∞_ôãπ 300–00
- 13 -
79.*Ï`«Hõ=∂~åÎO_»O áê`«„ÑüH˜
Ü«∞^ä•`«^äŒO(H˘O_»Ñë¡) 250–00
80.*’ºu+¨q^•º„Ñ¨HÍtHõ áê`«„ÑüH˜
Ü«∞^ä•`«^äŒO(H˘O_»Ñë¡) 250–00
81.<å_ô*’ºu+Ö 50–00
82.QÍˆ~æÜ«∞O g∞ „QÆÇ¨Ï|ÅO Ô~q∞_ôãπ 250–00
83.#HõΔ„`«áêi*Ï`«O (QÀ~°ã¨g~°Éèí„^•Kå~°º) 50–00
84.ÅQÆfláêi*Ï`«O (QÀ~°ã¨g~°Éèí„^•Kå~°º) 50–00
85.Q“`«=∞ãÖÇ≤Ï`« 50–00
86.Ç¨ÏŸ~°~°`«fl=∂Å 50–00
87.*Ï`«HõÑ¶¨Å =∞}˜=∞O[i 200–00
88.Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° ÑÖKåOQÆO 540–00
89.^ŒâßÉèí∞H˜ÎÑ¶¨Å x~°‚Ü«∞O 250–00
90.qO`« *’+¨º=ÚÅ∞ 50–00
91.ëÈ_»â◊=~°∞æÅ∞ 200–00
92–105.~°q/K«O„^Œ/‰õΩ[/|∞^èŒ/QÆ∞~°∞/â◊√„Hõ/â◊x/~åÇ¨ïˆH`«∞
–#=„QÆÇ¨Ï=ÚÅ‰õΩ XH˘¯Hõ¯ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈HõO 99–00
93. =ÚÇ¨˙~°Î=∂~åÎO_»O 50–00
94. ÅÑ¶¨Ú*Ï`«HõO 50–00
95. *Ï`«HÍÅOHÍ~°=Ú 50–00
99–107. "Õ∞ëêk g∞#O–12 ÅQÍflÅ∞
XH˘¯Hõ¯ ÅQÆflO „QÆO^èŒO 99–00
- 14 -
108. <å~°^Œ ãÖÇ≤Ï`« 200–00
109. ÑÖKåOQÆÑ‘iîHõÖËdHÍQÆ}˜`«O 250–00
110. `å~å|ÅO – K«O„^Œ|ÅO ("Õˆ~ H˘O_»Ñ¨Ê) 99–00
111. ã¨∞ÅÉèíÅQÆfl ™ê^èŒ# (z„`åÅQÆ∞~°∞=¸iÎQÆ∞áêÎ) 200–00
112. ~°=∞ÅâßGO 108–00
113. =ÚÇ¨˙~°Î ~°`åfl=o 250–00
a.q.~å=∞<£ QÍi „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÅ∞
114. *’ºu+¨ q^•º~°OÉèíO 50–00
115. „QÆÇ¨ÏÉèÏ= |Å=ÚÅ∞ 50–00
116. HÍÅK«„Hõ^Œâ◊ 50–00
117. J#∞Éèí= „Ñ¨âßfl*’ºu+Ö 50–00
118. *’ºu+¨âßGOÖ’ "å`å=~°} Éèí∂HõOáêÅ∞ 50–00
119. Ñ¨Ù~ÀQÍq∞ *Ï`«HõO 50–00
120. ÉèÏ"å~°ú~°`åflHõ~°O 75–00
121. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞*’ºu+¨ ã¨~°fiã¨fiO 75–00
122. J+¨ìHõ=~°æ Ñ¨^Œúuó 75–00
123. *’ºu+¨âßGOÖ’ ãÖ^ÕÇ¨Å∞,ã¨=∂^è•<åÅ∞ 75–00
124. „Ñ¨â◊fl`«O„`« 75–00
125. =ÚÇ¨˙~°ÎO 75–00
126. qt+¨ì *Ï`«Hõ=ÚÅ∞ 125–00
127. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞Ñ¶ë`«*’ºu+Ö 125–00
128. 300 =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# Ü≥∂QÆ=ÚÅ∞ 125–00
- 15 -
129. *Ï`«HõOÑïjeOK«_»OZÖÏ ? 300–00
~åRÑü J"å~°∞¤„QÆÇ‘Ï`«, =∞Ç¨=∞Ç¨ÏŸáê^è•ºÜ«∞, "åK«ã¨Êu
N =∞^èŒ∞~°Hõ$+¨‚=¸iÎQÍi „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÅ∞
130. |$Ç¨Ï`üÑ¨~åâ◊~°Ç¨ÏŸ~åâßG=Ú–1 200–00
131. |$Ç¨Ï`üÑ¨~åâ◊~°Ç¨ÏŸ~åâßG=Ú–2 200–00
132. |$Ç¨Ï`üÑ¨~åâ◊~°Ç¨ÏŸ~åâßG=Ú–3 200–00
133. |$Ç¨Ï`üÑ¨~åâ◊~°Ç¨ÏŸ~åâßG=Ú–4 200–00
134. ÉèÏ"å~°÷~°`åflHõ~°=Ú 100–00
135. =ÚÇ¨˙~°Î zO`å=∞}˜ 100–00
136. =ÚÇ¨ï~°Î zO`å=∞}˜–áê~°∞ì2 200–00
137. ã¨fiÑ¨fl âßG=Ú 50–00
138. â◊`«Ü≥∂QÆ=∞O[i 33–00
139. „=`«x~°‚Ü«∞HõÅÊ=e¡ 165–00
140. ^≥·=[˝=Å¡ÉèíO 75–00
141. =ãÖ`«~å[â◊‰õΩ#"£∞ (ZO.P~ü.q.â◊~°‡) 250–00
142. Láêã¨<å q^è•#=Ú (ZO.P~ü.q.â◊~°‡) 99–00
143. "åã¨∞ÎâßGq"ÕHõ=Ú–1 50–00
144. "åã¨∞ÎâßGq"ÕHõ=Ú–2 200–00
145. "åã¨∞ÎâßGq"ÕHõ=Ú–3 50–00
146. "åã¨∞ÎâßGq"ÕHõ=Ú–4 200–00
147. J#∞Éèí=ã¨∞ÅÉèí"åã¨∞Î – 1 50–00
148. J#∞Éèí=ã¨∞ÅÉèí"åã¨∞Î – 2 100–00
- 16 -
5. "åã¨∞ÎÅ∞
1. 40 ~ÀAÖ’¡ ''"åã¨∞Îq^Œº—— <Õ~°∞ÛH˘#O_ç 180–00
2. "åã¨∞ÎâßG ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º=ÚÅ∞ (Éˇ·O_»∞) 108–00
3. "åã¨∞Î#∞|\˜ì g∞ WÅ∞¡ 54–00
4. g∞~°∂ g∞ "åã¨∞Î 54–00
5. QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î z\Ï¯Å∞ 54–00
6. "åã¨∞Î Ñ¨Ó[ 54–00
7. "åã¨∞Î ã¨∂„`«=ÚÅ∞ 54–00
8. "åã¨∞ÎâßG ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 54–00
9. QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î =~°∞æÅ∞ 99–00
10.qâ◊fiHõ~°‡"åã¨∞Î âßGs`åº g∞ WO\˜ áê¡#∞Å∞ 50–00
11.qâ◊fiHõ~°‡ "åã¨∞ÎâßGs`åº g∞WO_»¡PÜ«∞=ÚÅ∞ 99–00
12.qâ◊fiHõ~°‡ "åã¨∞Î âßGO(z„`åÅQÆ∞~°∞=¸iÎQÆ∞áêÎ) 180–00
13.P^èŒ∞xHõ QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î 99–00
14.â◊√Éèí"åã¨∞Î 270–00
15."åã¨∞ÎÜ«∞O„`« ~°`åfl=o 108–00
16."åã¨∞ÎâßGO 120–00
17.Ç¨Ï∫ãπ áê¡#∞¡ 50–00
18.QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î™ê~°O 50–00
19.QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î K«O„kHõ 50–00
20.QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î ^Œ~°Ê}O 50–00
21.*’ºu+¨–QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞ÎK«O„kHõ 50–00
- 17 -
22."åã¨∞Î~°`åflHõ~°O (H˘O_»Ñë¡) 50–00
23."åã¨∞Ît~À=∞}˜ ,, 50–00
24.NHõ$+¨‚"åã¨∞Î ,, 50–00
25.ÑÖK«"åã¨∞Î áêi*Ï`«O ,, 108–00
26."åã¨∞Î_çO_ç=∞"£∞ ,, 50–00
27."åã¨∞^Î ∞Œ Okaè ,, 108–00
28.qâ◊fiHõ~°‡"åã¨∞Î„Ñ¨HÍtHõ 99–00
29.Hõ$+¨‚"åã¨∞ÎâßG=Ú 50–00
30.[Å"åã¨∞Î,â◊Åº"åã¨∞Î(^ŒO`«∂iÑÖ_»s<å^ä£) 75–00
31.=∞Ü«∞"åã¨∞Î (QÀ~°ã¨g~°Éèí„^•Kå~°º) 120–00
32."åã¨∞Î*’ºu 54–00
33."åã¨Î= "åã¨∞ÎÑ¨Ó*Ïq^è•#=Ú 108–00
6. =∞O„`«âß„™êÎÅ∞
1. =∞O„`«™ê^èŒ# 54–00
2. `«O„`«*ÏÅO 54–00
3. =∞O„`«â◊H˜Î 54–00
4. ^Œ`åÎ„`ÕÜ«∞ `«O„`«q^Œº 54–00
5. ^Œ`åÎ„`ÕÜ«∞ =¸eHÍ`«O„`«"£∞ 54–00
6. `åO„uHõ ÑÖKåOQÆO 54–00
7. Ü«∞H˜Δ}© `«O„`«O 54–00
8. =∞O„`å#∞ëêª# K«O„kHõ 54–00
9. ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å =∞O„`«Hõ=K«=ÚÅ∞ 54–00
- 18 -
10.=∞O„`åHõΔ~åÅ~°Ç¨Ïã¨ºO(c*ÏHõΔ~°xÑ¶¨∞O@∞=Ù) 54–00
11.ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å =∞O„`«~°`åfl=o 54–00
12.ã¨^•Kå~° nÑ≤Hõ 54–00
13.Ü≥∂yh–"å=∞ˆHâ◊fi~°`«O„`«O 54–00
14.„Ñ¨ÑÖK«™ê~°`«O„`«O 54–00
15.|^ŒxHõ `«O„`«"£∞ 54–00
16.LzÛù+¨ì QÆ}Ñü `«O„`«"£∞ 54–00
17.QÆ∞Ñ¨Î ™ê^èŒ# `«O„`«O 54–00
18.QÆO^èŒ~°fi `«O„`«"£∞ 54–00
19.™œO^Œ~°ºÅÇ¨Ïi (=∞O„`«Ü«∞O„`«~°`åfl=o) 54–00
20.Ü«∞O„`« =∞O„`« `«O„`« 54–00
21.áêâ◊√Ñ¨`« `«O„`«O 99–00
22.ÑÖK«^Œâ◊ =∞Ç¨Y_»æ `«O„`«O 99–00
23.~°∞„^•ëêª^è•ºÜ«∞ó 99–00
24.=∞O„`«ã≤kú 108–00
25.Ñ¨~°â◊√~å=∞`«O„`«"£∞ 108–00
26.NÅe`åqÖ’=∞ ÑÖK«^Œj 108–00
27.N QÆ∞~°∞ `«O„`«O 108–00
28.QÍÜ«∞„f `«O„`«"£∞ 108–00
29.â◊¥eh^Œ∞~åæ`«O„`«O (z#flk) 100–00
30.=∞Ç¨â◊H˜Î =∞O„`« `«O„`« ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 150–00
31.N ^Œ∞~°æ `«O„`«"£∞ 200–00
- 19 -
32.=∞Ç¨=∞$`«∞ºO[Ü«∞J=∞$`«áêâ◊√Ñ¨`«"£∞ 200–00
33.ã¨~°Ê (<åQÆ)`«O„`«O 250–00
34.Ç¨Ï=# `«O„`«O 250–00
35.ëÈ_»â◊x`«º`«O„`«O 250–00
36.âßˆHÎÜ«∞`«O„`«O 250–00
37.~°∞„^ŒÜ«∂=∞à◊`«O„`«O 250–00
38.ÅH©;„Ñ¨`«ºOy~å `«O„`«"£∞ 250–00
39.Ç≤Ï~°}ºâ◊¥eh `«O„`«"£∞ 250–00
40.=∂Ü«∂„Ñ¨`«ºOy~å `«O„`«"£∞ 250–00
41.N qâ◊fi~°∂Ñ¨ „Ñ¨`«ºOy~å `«O„`«"£∞ 250–00
42.ã¨fi~å‚Hõ~°¬}Éè̌·~°=`«O„`«O 250–00
43.HÍjqâßÖÏH˜Δ `«O„`«O 250–00
44.âßOu`«O„`«"£∞ 250–00
45.Ü«∞O„`«ã≤kú 360–00
46.N ÅH©; `«O„`«"£∞ 360–00
47.=∞O„`«=∞Ç¨ÏŸ^Œkè („ã‘Î^Õ=`åóHõÅÊ"£∞) 360–00
48.=∞O„`«=∞Ç¨ÏŸ^Œkè (Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨^Õ=`åóHõÅÊ"£∞) 360–00
49.=∞O„`«âßGO („QÆO^äŒ=Ú) 360–00
50.„Ñ¨`«ºOy~åHõ$`åº`«O„`«O 360–00
51.HÍ=∞^èÕ#∞=Ù `«O„`«O 360–00
52.â◊¥eh^Œ∞~åæ`«O„`«O 360–00
7. „QÆO^ä•Å∞ – P~å^èŒ#Å∞
- 20 -
1. ÉèíQÆ=næ`« â’¡Hõ `å`«Ê~°º ã¨Ç≤Ï`«O 54–00
2. QÆ}Ëâ◊ P~å^èŒ# 1 99–00
3. QÆ}Ëâ’áêã¨# 2 99–00
4. #=„QÆÇ¨Ï"≥·Éèí=O 99–00
5. #=„QÆÇ¨Ï Ô~"≥∞_ôãπ 99–00
6. #=„QÆÇ¨Ï "Õ^ŒO 99–00
7. â◊x„QÆÇ¨~å^èŒ# 99–00
8. Pk`åº~å^èŒ# 99–00
9. ã¨∞„|Ç¨‡}Ïº~å^èŒ# 99–00
10.N t= P~å^èŒ# 99–00
11.ÅH©; P~å^èŒ# 99–00
12.Ç¨Ï#∞=∞^•~å^èŒ# 99–00
13.Åe`å~å^èŒ# 99–00
14.N K«„HÍ~å^èŒ# 99–00
15.QÍÜ«∞„f P~å^èŒ# 99–00
16.g~°Éèí„^•~å^èŒ# 99–00
17.‰õΩ[„QÆÇ¨~å^èŒ# 99–00
18.Éèˇ·~°"å~å^èŒ# 99–00
19.^≥·"å~å^èŒ# 99–00
20.w`å~å^èŒ# 99–00
21.N"ÕOHõ>Ëâ◊fi~å^èŒ# 99–00
22.Ç¨ÏÜ«∞„w"å~å^èŒ# 99–00
- 21 -
23.ÅH©;#~°ã≤OÇ¨~å^èŒ# 99–00
24.N ÉÏÖÏ„uÑ¨Ù~°ã¨∞O^Œs ™ÈÎ„`« Hõ^ŒO|O 99–00
25.^Õg bÖÏ=∞$`«O 99–00
26.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» ã¨∞O^Œ~°HÍO_» =K«#O 99–00
27.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» ~å=∂Ü«∞}O 99–00
28.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» ÉèÏ~°`«O 99–00
29.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_» ÉèÏQÆ=`«O 99–00
30.(ã¨∂i) "åb‡H˜ ~å=∂Ü«∞}O 99–00
31.HÍÅã¨~°Ê Ü≥∂QÆO 99–00
32.x`«º rq`«=ÚÖ’ ~°∞„^•HõΔÅ∞ 99–00
33.x`«º rq`«=ÚÖ’ #=~°`åflÅ∞ 99–00
34."Õ^Œã¨∂HõÎ=ÚÅ∞ 99–00
35."Õ=∞# Ñ¨^Œº™ê~å=∞$`«O 99–00
36.ÑÖ_»QÆÅ∞ Ñ¨~°fik<åÅ∞ 99–00
37.ã¨∂H˜Î~°`åflÅ∞ 99–00
38.N PO[<ÕÜ«∞O (K«i„`«–=∞Ç≤Ï=∞–™ÈÎ„`åÅ∞) 216–00
39.#=„QÆÇ¨Ï ^Œ~°≈#"£∞ 99–00
40.x`«ºrq`«OÖ’ #=„QÆÇ¨Å∞ 99–00
41.™êÅ„QÍ=∞=ÚÅ∞ 99–00
42.QÆ∞~°∞â◊√„Hõ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ==Ú K«O„^ŒHõàÏ<å_ô 99–00
43.â◊x„QÆÇ¨ÏÔ~q∞_ôãπ 99–00
44.*Ï`«Hõã¨∞^è•™ê~°=Ú–*Ï`«Hõ"≥∂HõΔ„Ñ¨^•~Úx 99–00
- 22 -
45.q"åÇ¨Ï *’ºu+¨=∞O[i–
=∂ºˆ~*ò=∂ºzOQ∑ÔQ·_£ (™ê~ÚQÆ}ÑüÔ~_ç¤) 99–00
46.g∞Ñ¨Ù\˜ì#`Õnx|\˜ì g∞rq`«~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞
(#∂º=∞~åÅr Öˇ·Ñ¶πÔQ·_£) ,, 99–00
47.g∞J^Œ$ëêìxH˜ (¿Ñ~°∞) <Õ"£∞Hõ~°HõΔ<£ 99–00
48.=¸HõÑÖK«â◊f 99–00
49.ÑÖK«=∞"Õ^ŒO =∞Ç¨ÉèÏ~°`«O 99–00
50.^Õ=Ùà◊√§ _®\ò HÍ"£∞ 99–00
51.QÆ}ÑüÉèÏ+¨ºO 99–00
52.Ü«∞Aˆ~fi^Œ LÑ¨#Ü«∞#q"åÇ¨Ï„Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆ=∞O[i 99–00
53.#=Ü≥∂QÆ∞Å∞ 99–00
54.PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’x^Œi≈OK«=Åã≤# „Ñ¨=ÚY^Œ~åæÅ∞ 99–00
55.ã¨HõÅ^Õ=`åJëÈì`«Î~åÅ∞(ÃÑ^ŒÌk)–
(180JëÈì`«Î~°â◊`«<å=∂=à◊√Å`À) 99–00
56.ã¨HõÅ^Õ=`å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=ÚÅ∞ 99–00
57.P^è•ºu‡Hõ ã¨∂H˜Î xkè 99–00
58.„ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞Å∞ QÀ„`åÅ∞,„Ñ¨=~°Å∞ 99–00
59.ã¨~°fi^Õ=`åã¨fi~°∂Ñ¨Ù_»∞ N "ÕOHõ>Ëâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ 99–00
60.N ÅH©;ã¨xflkè 99–00
61.NÅH©; QÆ}Ñü Ç¨ÏŸ=∞HõÅÊO 99–00
62.=∂~°¬ÖòP~üì û (Hõ~å>Ë,‰õΩOQ∑Ñ¶¨Ó<Õ~°∞ÛHÀO_ç) 99–00
63.=∂ºlH±ÔQ·_£ 99–00
- 23 -
64.K«^Œ~°OQÆO 99–00
65.ÑÖK«=ÚY Ç¨Ï#∞=∞`ü "≥·Éèí=O 54–00
66.QÆ~°∞_»Ñ¨Ù~å}O 40–00
67.=∂Ñ¶¨∞Ñ¨Ù~å}O 30–00
68.t=Ñ¨Ù~å}O 30–00
69."≥·âßYÑ¨Ù~å}O 30–00
70.ã¨∂÷ÖÏHõΔi =∂Ñ¶¨∞Ñ¨Ù~å}O 54–00
71.ã¨∂÷ÖÏHõΔi t=Ñ¨Ù~å}O 54–00
72.ã¨∂÷ÖÏHõΔi "≥·âßYÑ¨Ù~å}O 54–00
73.HÍsÎHõ Ñ¨Ù~å}O 30–00
74.HÍsÎHõ Ñ¨Ù~å}O (z#flk) 25–00
75.ã¨~°fiHÍ~°ºã≤kúH˜ ~å=∂Ü«∞}áê~åÜ«∞} 50–00
76.ÃÑ^ŒÌÉÏÅtHõΔ 40–00
77.QÍÜ«∞„f =∞Ç≤Ï=∞ 36–00
78.=∞`«ûº Ü«∞O„`« =∞Ç≤Ï=∞ 50–00
79.=$HõΔ^Õ=`«Å∞ 50–00
80. Ü«∂A+¨ ™ê‡~°Î ãÖ™ê¯~° K«O„kHõ 150–00
81.ã¨<å`«#"≥·kHõ „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}™ê‡~åÎQÆ=∞HõÅÊ"£∞ 150–00
82.K«`«∞ˆ~fi^Œ=ÚÅ∞ 144–00
83.#=„QÆÇ¨~å^èŒ# 144–00
84.`åà◊Ñ¨„`« ã¨=∂Ç¨~° QÀÑ¨Ù~°O 144–00
85.=∞#∞^èŒ~°‡ âßGO (=K«#OÖ’...) 144–00
- 24 -
86."Õ^Œ=∞O„`« ãÖÇ≤Ï`« 144–00
87.ã¨Ç¨Ï„ãëOQÍ~°Û# 144–00
88.N t=w`« 144–00
89.^•fi^Œâ◊LÑ¨x+¨`«∞ÎÅ∞ 144–00
90.Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_»"åi ™œO^Œ~°ºÅÇ¨Ïi
(â’¡Hõ`å`«Ê~°ºã¨Ç≤Ï`« qÑ¨ÙÅ"åºYº`À) 250–00
100. |$Ç¨Ï`ü t= ™ÈÎ„`« ~°`åflHõ~°=Ú 216–00
101. |$Ç¨Ï`ü ^Õg ™ÈÎ„`«~°`åflHõ~°=Ú 216–00
102. |$Ç¨Ï`ü q+¨μ‚ ™ÈÎ„`«~°`åflHõ~°=Ú 216–00
103. ˆH^•~°<å^è£ |^Œs<å^è£ Ü«∂„`åÔQ·_»∞ 40–00
104. ^ŒH˜Δ}Ï=$`« â◊OY=ÚÅ∞ 50–00
105. 108 k=º^ÕâßÅ q+¨μ‚ˆHΔ„`«^Œ~°≈x 36–00
106. ^èŒ~°‡ã≤O^èŒ∞=Ù 270–00
107. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ â‹·=ˆHΔ„`«Ü«∂„`å^Œi≈x 108–00
108. zÅ∞‰õÄi ÉÏÖÏrK«i„`« 36–00
109. ÉèíQÆ=`üã¨∞Îu ...
110. ã¨∂~Àºáêã¨# 36–00
111. ã¨<å`«# ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂Å∞–PKå~°=º=Ç¨~åÅ∞ ...
112. HÍjYO_»O 250–00
113. Jâ◊fih^Õ=`«Å∞ 216–00
8. "≥·^Œº „QÆO^ä•Å∞
1. PÇ¨~°O P~ÀQÆºO 36–00
- 25 -
2. =¸eHÍ"≥·^Œº z\Ï¯Å∞ 36–00
3. PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ "≥·^Œº z\Ï¯Å∞ 25–00
4. PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ "≥·^ŒºO 36–00
5. QÆ$Ç¨Ï"≥·^Œº ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 36–00
6. QÆ$Ç¨Ï"≥·^Œº™ê~°O 36–00
7. Ç¨ÏŸq∞Ü≥∂"≥·^ŒºO (^•fi^Œâ◊Å=}zH˜`«û) 54–00
8. „Ñ¨Hõ$u"≥·^ŒºO 36–00
9. PÇ¨~°O–"≥·^ŒºO 99–00
10.ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ–z\Ï¯ "≥·^ŒºO 99–00
11.PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ"£∞ 36–00
12.PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ =¸eHÍ"≥·^ŒºnÑ≤Hõ 99–00
13.^Œ∞OÑ¨‰õÄ~°Å∞, P‰õΩ‰õÄ~°Å∞, HÍÜ«∞QÆ∂~°Å∞
"å_»HõO – LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÍÅ∞ 99–00
14.<å@∞"≥·^ŒºO (ˆHãπ Éˇ·O_çOQ∑) 360–00
15.UHõ=¸eHÍ"≥·^ŒºO 99–00
16.JëêìOQÆ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O(4ÉèÏQÍÅ∞) 1200–00
17.~°Ç¨Ïã¨ºã≤^ŒúÜ≥∂QÆ"≥·^Œº™ê~°"£∞ 99–00
18.„áê^äŒq∞Hõ Ç¨ÏŸq∞Ü≥∂"≥·^ŒºO 99–00
19.XÉˇã≤\ ˜ 99–00
20.ÃÇÏÖòÎÔQ·_£ 99–00
21.PÜ«Úˆ~fi^ŒO–r=#"Õ^ŒO 99–00
22.Ñ¶¨Ù_£^ä≥~°Ñ≤ 99–00
- 26 -
23.<åºK«∞~°Öò^ä≥~°Ñ≤ 99–00
24.ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚P~ÀQÍºxH˜ 20xII 99–00
25.H©à◊§<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ g∞ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÖˇ·`Õ... 99–00
26.Ü≥∂QÍ=∞O„`« 99–00
27.Ü≥∂QÍ ãÖ_Õ @∞ =∞O_Õ 99–00
28.ÃÇÏ~°ƒÖò "≥∞_çã≤<£–ÃÇÏÖòÎ@∞_Õ 99–00
29.ÃÇÏÖòÎÃÑ¶·Öò 108–00
30.=ã¨∞ÎQÆ∞}áê~î°O 250–00
31.~°™êÜ«∞# "årHõ~°} `«O„`«O 150–00
31.ã≤^Œú=¸eHÍ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨ºO 99–00
32. „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∞=Ú – Ü≥∂QÍ–Ñ¨`«O[eNx"åãπ 63–00
9. JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê – Éèí"åh ~°HÍÅ∞
1. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê bÖÏ=∞$`«O 36–00
2. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê P~å^èŒ# 54–00
3. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê Éèí[#áê@Å∞ 54–00
4. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê Ñ¨Ó*ÏHõÅÊO 20–00
5. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê ÉèíH˜Î w`åÅ∞ 20–00
6. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê nHõΔ F 10–00
7. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê Éèí[#=∂Å F 10–00
8. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê x`«ºÑ¨Ó[ P 10–00
9. N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê x`«ºxÜ«∞=∂=o P 8–00
10.N Éèí"åh bÖÏ=∞$`«O(^Œ∞~åæÉèí"åhnHõΔ) 36–00
- 27 -
11.^ÕgbÖÏ=∞$`«O 99–00
12.N ^Õg Ñ¨Ó*ÏHõÅÊO 20–00
13.^Õg ÉèíH˜Îw`åÅ∞ 20–00
14.*ˇ· Éèí"åhnHõΔ F 10–00
15.Éèí"åhnHõΔ P 8–00
16.^Õg ÉèíH˜Î=∂Å 10–00
17.N JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê Éèí[<å=o 120–00
18.JÜ«∞ºÑ¨ÊÑ¨Ó*Ïqkè (*Ëã¨∞^•ã¨∞™êOQ∑û`À) 20–00
10. Éèí[#Å∞ – H©~°Î#Å∞
1. J#fl=∞Ü«∞º H©~°Î#Å∞ 25–00
2. N~å=∞^•ã¨∞ H©~°Î#Å∞ 25–00
3. ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å =∞OQÆà◊Ç¨~°`«∞Å∞ 20–00
4. =ã¨∞O^èŒ~° =∞OQÆà◊ Ç¨~°`«∞Å∞ 25–00
5. ™œÉèÏQÆº ^Õ=`å =∞OQÆà◊Ç¨~°`«∞Å∞ 36–00
6. ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å Éèí[#Å∞ 36–00
7. z\˜ì á⁄\˜ì áê@Å∞ 10–00
8. *ÏfÜ«∞ w`åÅ∞ 10–00
9. ^Õâ◊ÉèíH˜Î w`åÅ∞ 36–00
10.ÑÖ_»∞QÆÅ∞–Ñ¨Ù}ºˆHΔ„`åÅ∞ ÉèíH˜Îw`åÅ∞ 36–00
11.Q˘aƒà◊§áê@Å∞,ÖÏeáê@Å∞,HÀÖÏ@áê@Å∞ 36–00
12.J#fl=∞Ü«∞º ãÖH©~°Î#Å∞ 99–00
13.ÃÑo§áê@Å∞–„ã‘ÎÅáê@Å∞ 36–00
- 28 -
14.ÉèíHÍÎ#O^Œ Éèí[#H©~°Î#Å∞(FÖò¤ã≤hÃãìÂÖò) 36–00
15.ã¨~°fi^Õ=`åÉèíH˜Î=∞}˜=∂Å 36–00
16.|`«∞Hõ=∞‡ LÜ«∂ºÅ áê@Å∞ 36–00
17.J#fl=∞Ü«∞º ãÖH©~°Î<åxkè(1000H©~°Î#Å∞) 270–00
11. Ç≤Ï\òû ™êOQ∑û
1. Ñ¶¨∞O@™êÅ ÉèíH˜Îw`åÅ∞–ÉèíQÆ=næ`« 36–00
2. Zãπ.Ñ≤.ÉÏÅ∞ ÉèíH˜Îw`åÅ∞ 36–00
3. Ñ¶¨∞O@™êÅ ã¨∞=∞^èŒ∞~°w`åÅ∞ 99–00
4. Ñ≤. ã¨∞jÅ ã¨∞=∞^èŒ∞~°w`åÅ∞ 99–00
5. Zãπ.Ñ≤. ÉÏÅ∞ ã¨∞=∞^èŒ∞~°w`åÅ∞ 99–00
6. Zãπ.*Ï#H˜ ã¨∞=∞^èŒ∞~°w`åÅ∞ 99–00
7. "Õ@∂i ã¨∞O^Œ~°~å=∞=¸iÎÇ≤Ï\òû 99–00
8. ã¨~°fi^Õ=`å ã≤hÉèíH˜Îw`åÅ∞ 99–00
12. „ã‘ÎÅ‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü«ÚHõÎ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ∞
1. NHÍO`å=∞}˜ =O@Å∞ ("≥*ò) 54–00
2. NHÍO`å=∞}˜ =O@Å∞ (<å<£"≥*ò) 54–00
3. âßHÍÇ¨~° =O@Å∞ 25–00
4. =∂O™êÇ¨~°=O@Å∞ 25–00
5. z\˜ìz\Ï¯Å∞ 25–00
6. JO^•xH˜ z\Ï¯Å∞ 25–00
7. Ñ≤Å¡Å ¿Ñ~°∞¡ (ÃÑ^ŒÌk) 25–00
8. Ñ≤Å¡Å ¿Ñ~°∞¡ (z#flk) 10–00
- 29 -
9. ÖË>ˇãπì ZO„ÉÏ~Ú_»s âßsÉ’~°¤~üû 36–00
10.ÖË>ˇãπì ZO„ÉÏ~Ú_»s _ç*ˇ·<£û 36–00
11.z<åfl~°∞Å‰õΩ z~°∞uà◊√§ 25–00
12.Ñ¨ãÖ^≥·# á¶êãπìÑ¶¨Ù_£ =O@Å∞ 25–00
13.Ñ¨ÖÏ"£Å∞, „ÃÑ¶·_£ Ô~·ãπÅ∞, "≥Ô~·\ ©Ô~·ãπÅ∞ 25–00
14."ÕÑ¨Ùà◊√§–WQÆ∞~°∞¡ 25–00
15.WOw¡+¨μÖ’P_»Ñ≤Å¡Å¿Ñ~°∞¡ 54–00
16.WOw¡+¨μÖ’ =∞QÆÑ≤Å¡Å¿Ñ~°∞¡ 54–00
17.„ÉËH±á¶êãπì =O@Å∞ 25–00
18.ÑÖ_»∞QÆÅÖ’ KÕã¨∞H˘<Õ Ñ≤O_ç=O@Å∞ 25–00
19."≥∞ÿ„HÀ"À"≥<£ =O@Å∞ 99–00
20.ã¨~°fi^Õ=`åÉèíH˜Î=∂Å 36–00
21.Ñ≤Å¡Å¿Ñ~°∞¡ (ÉÏ|∞) 36–00
22.Ñ≤Å¡Å¿Ñ~°∞¡ (áêÑ¨) 36–00
23."≥∂„_»<£ "≥∞Ç¨ÏOk (QÀiO\Ï‰õΩ _ç*ˇ·<£û) 36–00
24."≥∂„_»<£ Ñ≤Å¡Å¿Ñ~°∞¡ 99–00
25.<À~°∂iOKÕ <å<£"≥*ò=O@Å∞ 99–00
26."≥∂„_»<£ >ˇÿÅiOQ∑ (ÖË_ôãπ [O\òû) 99–00
qq^èŒ ~°HÍÅ∞
~°Ç¨Ïã¨º ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯@ âßGO 300–00
‰õΩ‰õΩ¯@ âßGO 36–00
ZO^Œ~À=∞Ç¨#∞ÉèÏ=ÙÅ∞ 200–00
- 30 -
Ü≥∂QÍã¨<åÅ∞ 36–00
„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∞=Ú–Ü≥∂QÍ (Ñ¨`«O[eNx"åãπ) 63–00
ã¨∂~°º#=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ 36–00
á⁄_»∞Ñ¨Ù Hõ^äŒÅ∞ (z#flq) 7–50
HÍÅ*Ï˝# `«`åÎ fiÅ∞ 36–00
Ç≤ÏOn–`≥Å∞QÆ∞–ã¨fiÉ’kèx 22–00
WOw¡+¨μ–`≥Å∞QÆ∞–ã¨fiÉ’kèx 20–00
[#~°Öò <åÖˇ_£˚ 20–00
#∂~°∞ ZHÍ¯Å∞ 10–00
1–100 >Ë|∞Öò |∞H± 10–00
|∞e¡ ÉÏÅtHõΔ 20–00
1–100 >Ë|∞Öò|∞H± („H“<£Ãã·A) 10–00
N~å=∞HÀ\˜ 25–00
Nt=HÀ\˜ 25–00
"Õ∞lH± 25–00
JOÔHÅ`À QÍ~°_ô 25–00
„¿Ñ=∞Hõ^äŒÅ∞ 25–00
Ü«Ú=`«~°OQÍÅ∞ (Ü«Ú=`«~°OHÀãÖ) 25–00
„¿Ñ=∂ h‰õΩ *’Ç¨~°∞¡ (Å"£_çHõΔ#s) 25–00
Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞ã¨ÊO^Œ# (Hõq`«Å∞) 25–00
"å`«ûºÜ«∞# HÍ=∞ã¨∂„`åÅ∞ 36–00
Z.Ñ≤.@∂iãπì ÔQ·_»∞ 36–00
- 31 -
WO„^Œ*ÏÅ ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 25–00
=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ*ÏÅ ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 25–00
â◊s~°ÉèÏ+¨ (ÉÏ_ô ÖÏOˆQfi*ò) 99–00
„H˜Ü«∂Ü≥∂QÆO 36–00
P#O^ŒOQÍ rq^•ÌO 99–00
Ç¨Ïiâ◊ÛO„^Œ <å@HõO 50–00
"å`åûÜ«∞#HÍ=∞ã¨∂„`åÅ∞ 99–00
ÑÖK«™êÜ«∞HõO 99–00
~°u~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ 99–00
J#OQÆ~°OQÆO (HõOÉèíOáê\˜ ã¨fiÜ«∞O„Ñ¨HÍ+π) 99–00
â◊$OQÍ~°ˆHo (HõOÉèíOáê\˜ ã¨fiÜ«∞O„Ñ¨HÍ+π) 99–00
Jã¨`À=∞Ü«∞ ã¨^Œæ=∞Ü«∞ 45–00
QÍÜ«∞„fq*Ï˝<£ 99–00
zO`å=∞}˜ (<å@HõO) 50–00
ÉÏÅ<åQÆ=∞‡ 50–00
áêO_»= L^ÀºQÆ=Ú 50–00
HÍà◊Ç¨Ïã≤Î „ã‘ÎÅ „=`«Hõ^äŒÅ∞ 36–00
HÍà◊Ç¨Ïã≤Î QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î zO`å=∞}˜ 99–00
HÍà◊Ç¨Ïã≤Î QÆ$Ç¨Ï"åã¨∞Î =∞~å‡Å∞ (Éˇ·O_»∞) 50–00
‰õΩÖÏ~°‚= `«O„`«"£∞ 150–00
PKå~°º ã≤^Œú <åQÍ~°∞˚#`«O„`«O(Xi[#Öò) 300–00
Ü≥∂QÍã¨<åÅ∞ (VG/TNL) 36–00
- 32 -
~å=∞~åÜ«∞"åã¨∞ÎâßGO(=Ú„^ŒQÆ_»~å=∂~å=Ù) 99–00
ZO.Zãπ.P~ü.Ç¨Ï#∞=∂<£Kåb™ê 10–00
ZO.Zãπ.P~ü.ã¨∞O^Œ~°HÍO_» 70–00
J+¨ì=ÚY QÆO_»ÉèË~°∞O_»`«O„`«O 75–00
„|Ç¨Ï‡OQÍirq`«K«i„`« ([=OQÆ∞Å) 99–00
N Pkâ◊OHõ~åKå~°º k=ºK«i`å=∞$`«O 45–00
w`åO[e (~°gO„^Œ<å^ä£~îåQÆ∂~ü) 50–00
HÍj~å"Õ∞â◊fi~° =∞lb Hõ^äŒÅ∞ 75–00
NÅe`åã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=Ú(ÉèÏã¨¯~°ÉèÏ+¨ºO) 600–00
„Ñ¨Hõ$uã≤^•úO`«=ÚÅ∞–"Õ^Œq*Ï˝#=Ú–
Ñ¶ë`«*Ï`«Hõ ã¨∂„`«=ÚÅ∞ 595–00
q"åÇ¨ÏnÑ≤Hõ ("Õ^ÀHõÎ qkèó) 200–00
=Ú^Œ∞O_ç qâ◊fi<å^äŒ~åAQÍi „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÅ∞
qâ◊fiHõ~°‡ „Ñ¨HÍâ◊=Ú 80–00
„áêp#"åã¨∞Îâß„™êÎÅ∞–P^èŒ∞xHõ"åã¨∞ÎÑïjÅ# ,,250–00
<å~°^Œ ãÖÇ≤Ï`« ,,150–00
"åã¨∞Î~å[=Å¡Éèí=Ú–=¸ÖÏ#∞"å^Œ=Ú ,, 60–00
=∞Ü«∞=∞`«=Ú – =K«#=Ú ,, 80–00
|$Ç¨Ï`«ûOÇ≤Ï`« – =K«#=Ú ,,160–00
QÆ∞Ñ¨Î"åã¨∞Î "åã¨∞Îq*Ï˝#*’ºu ....
- 33 -
~åÇ¨ïˆH`«∞=ÙÅ∞ ã¨=∞ã¨Î „Ñ¨ÉèÏ==ÚÅ∞ 150–00
JOQÍ~°‰õΩ_»∞ (‰õΩA_»∞) 90–00
â◊√„‰õΩ_»∞ 75–00
Ñ¨Ù~ÀÇ≤Ï`« ^Œ~°≈x (QÀ~°ã¨g~°Éèí„^•Kå~°º) ....
qâ◊fiHõ~°‡"åã¨∞Îq^•º~°Ç¨Ïã¨º=ÚÅ∞ ,, ....
"åã¨∞Î q*Ï˝# K«O„kHõ ,, ....
=∞Ç¨^Œâß áêi*Ï`«O ,, ....
*Ï`«Hõ <å~åÜ«∞}©Ü«∞O("å„_Õ=Ù"åiq) 150–00
"åã¨∞Î <å~åÜ«∞}©Ü«∞O ,, 120–00
Ü≥∂QÍ=mYO_»O ,, 120–00
ã¨~åfi~°úK«O„kHõ (4ÉèÏQÍÅ∞) 1208–00
g∞ˆ~ #∂º=∞~åÅlãπì (^•=Ó^£) 370–00
x~°‚Ü«∞ã≤O^èŒ∞ (2ÉèÏQÍÅ∞) 590–00
[Ü«∞¿ÇÏ...[Ü«∞¿ÇÏ...(Ñ¨Ù~å}ÑÖ_»Nx"åãπ) 27–00
™ê~Ú... ,, 27–00
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N=∂eHõ ,, 25–00
P~°u™ê~ÚÉÏÉÏ ,, 11–00
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