Pneumothorax *A ow 6 “Collapsed lung’ redirects here. For other uses, see Collapsed lung (disambiguation). A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall.!5] symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain and shortness of breath! In a minority of cases, a one-way valve is formed by an area of damaged tissue, and the amount of air in the space between chest wall and lungs increases; this is called a tension pneumothorax.'! This can cause a steadily worsening oxygen shortage and low blood pressure and unless reversed can be fatal.!*! Very rarely, both lungs may be affected by a pneumothorax. It is often called a "collapsed Jung", although that term may also refer to atelectasis." CamScanner is #uaallHemothorax x uo *& 6 Not to be confused with Homothorax. A hemothorax (derived from hemo- [blood] + thorax [chest], plural hemothoraces) is an accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity. The symptoms of a hemothorax may include chest pain and difficulty breathing, while the clinical signs may include reduced breath sounds on the affected side and a rapid heart rate. Hemothoraces are usually caused by an injury, but they may occur spontaneously due to cancer invading the pleural cavity, as a result of a blood clotting disorder, as an unusual manifestation of endometriosis, in response to a collapsed lung, or rarely in association with other conditions.Empyema Empyema is the medical term for pockets of pus that have collected inside a body cavity. They can form if a bacterial infection is left untreated, or if it fails to fully respond to treatment. The term empyema is most commonly used to refer to pus- filled pockets that develop in the pleural space. This is the slim space between the outside of the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity. Empyema is a serious condition that requires treatment. It can cause fever, chest pains, breathlessness and coughing up mucus.What is pleural effusion? Pleural effusion, sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,’ is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleurz outside the lungs. The pleura ‘Oo thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing. Normally, a small amount of fluid is present in the pleura.