UNIT9 (GRAMMAR REFERENCE 9.1 IF + PAST SIMPLE Use f+ past imple to talk about situations inthe present that are Impossible or stating the opposite of the rea situation ft had more time, @ do more sport (= don't have enough time) We also use i+ past simple to talk about imaginary situations inthe future. If won te otter, give up my job. (butt relly dont think 'm going to win the lottery!) NOTE: these sentences are NOT referring tothe past. We use would + infnitve in the main clause to describe the imagined result (See also 8:1) red. (Would + verb) we would be happier. | how would you feel? if we didn't ive here, ifyou didnt live here, hese sentences are sometimes called second conditional. he verb to be can have two forms in the if clause. If was/were you, | would go home. fhe was/were rch, he still woulda’ be happy. pon 9.2 So &@ SUCH Use so and such to emphasise the quality of something. He was sonic. It was such ance day. happy (an adjective, no noun) happy child (adjective + singular noun) happy children (adjective + plural noun) beautiful sunshine (adjective + uncountable noun) Use them to make exclamations. She's so nce! He's such a good person! You're such generous friends! Use them to join two sentences, Use that to link the two sentences, But we can also make the sentences without that. ‘She was o angry that) she ust walked out the door ro2 9.3 SOME-/ANY-/NO- + -ONE/-BODY/-THING We use some-, any- and no- with -one, -body and -thing to talk about people and objects in general Do you have aything ican read? (it doesn't matter what) I think there's something in my bag (but 'm not sure exactly what itis) Use -one / body to refer to a person. There is no difference in meaning. Use -thing to refer to an object. The verb is third person singular. Nothing exciting ever happens here. Has anyone seen Alex? Use someone/tody/thing in afrmative sentences, offers and requests | saw something nie in that shop. Would you lke something to drink? Use anyone/body/thing with not or in questions. | don't know anything. Did anybody come to the part? se anyone/body/thing aso in affirmative sentences. n these sentences any = all ‘Anyone can come. (= all people can come) ‘No one/body and nothing have 2 negative meaning, Use them with an affirmative verb without notin statements and questions. ‘Nobody answered my question. s tere nothing in the fridge? Gee also 7.2) oa a Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets using the past simple or would. Vw money, if the discipline. (save / have) 2 it forit.! in anew computer. (can pay / invest) . 31 happier, if my job/studies. (ve / change) ait concentrate more on work, less time. (can / waste) 51 ‘on my own, if it (ves can afford) b Which sentences are true for you? Give more information to explain why they are true. 92 ‘a Complete the sentences using so & such and match them to the photos. 1 Property in Hong Kong is ‘waste of money. expensive / is 2 Imade a mistake with the figures. 'm stupid / Vm an idiot! 3. Calculating expenses can be complex / ‘complicated thing. 4. Winning the lottery is unlikely (1s an improbable thing, b What other adjectives (with so & such) can you use to describe the images? 93 ‘a. Use indefinite pronouns to complete the text. #, asked me the other day, ‘What is the main problem facing our society I thought, “Weal want to have services, but ® wants to pay higher taxes to maintain chem, ss there ® who likes paying taxes? all we dois complain about the money we Rave to pay, but a the same ti everybody thinks tha roads and other services are importa Is there we can do to make people change their minds about taxes?