‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﻳﻴﺲﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪633‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫‪1B‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ‬

‫‪nezamfanni.ir‬‬
‫‪2B‬‬

‫‪http://coastseng.pmo.ir‬‬

‫‪1392‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺴﻤﻪﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻌﺎون ر ی و ﻈﺎرت را ﺮدی ر ﺲ ﻮر‬
‫‪92/27285‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎور و ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎران‬
‫‪  1392/04/02‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‪  :‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ‪ :‬دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎرم‪ -‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﻣﺎده )‪ (23‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ و ﻣﻮاد )‪ (6‬و )‪ (7‬آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳـﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﺼـﻮب ﺳـﺎل ‪ 1352‬و در ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻓﻨـﻲ و اﺟﺮاﻳـﻲ ﻛﺸـﻮر )ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪/42339‬ت‪33497‬ﻫـ ﻣﻮرخ ‪ 1385/4/20‬ﻫﻴﺄت ﻣﺤﺘﺮم وزﻳـﺮان(‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 633‬اﻣﻮر ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان »دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫـﺎي ﺳـﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨـﺶ‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎرم‪ -‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ« از ﻧﻮع ﮔﺮوه دوم اﺑﻼغ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ‪ 1392/7/1‬ﺑـﻪ اﺟـﺮا‬
‫درآﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎدآور ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎت اﺑﻼﻏﻲ از ﻧﻮع ﮔﺮوه دوم ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ )‪ (2‬ﻣﺎده )‪ (7‬آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮاردي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻔﺎد آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ و در ﺣﺪود ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎر‪ ،‬ﻣﻮرد‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻣﻮر ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻨﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻔﺎد ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻈﺮات و ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات‬
‫اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻮده و ﻋﻬﺪهدار اﻋﻼم اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ادواري ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬

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‫‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺮوز ﻣﺮادي‬

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‫ش ش‪30720 :‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻓﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺍﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﻳـﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬـﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨـﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳـﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺼﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻏﻠﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻬﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣ ﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻ ـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ ﻉ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣ ﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻧ ﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻘﺘﻀـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨـﺪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺸـﺎﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧ ﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺑ ﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﺎ ﻡ ﻓﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﻲﻋﻠﻲﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ‪ ،33271‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪Email: info@nezamfanni.ir‬‬ ‫‪web: Nezamfanni.ir‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ -‬ﻣ ﻌﺎﻭﻧ ﺖ ﺗﻮ ﺳ ﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗ ﺠﻬﻴ ﺰ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ‪ -‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻬﻨ ﺪ ﺳﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺣﻘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺭﺍﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪Email: cped@pmo.ir‬‬ ‫‪web: coastseng.pmo.ir‬‬

 ‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎر‬

‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ و ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻣﻜﺎنﺳﻨﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﺟﺮاي‬
‫ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻃﺮحﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻨﻲ و اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﻠﻚ داراﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪاي ﻛﺸﻮر‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
‫‪/42339‬ت‪33497‬ﻫـ ﻣﻮرخ ‪ 1385/4/20‬ﻫﻴﺄت ﻣﺤﺘﺮم وزﻳﺮان و آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﺎده ‪ 23‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻪﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻓﻨﻲ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻔﺎد ﻣﺎده ‪ 23‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي و ﻧﻈﺎرت راﻫﺒﺮدي ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و اﺑﻼغ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﮔﺴﺘﺮدﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎن اﺧﻴﺮ در ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪارك ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫از ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس و ﺑﺎ اﻋﻼم ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 300‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫»آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻨﺎدر و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان« و آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎر ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺪد دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و راﻫﺒﺮي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم‬
‫رﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي در راﺳﺘﺎي وﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ و ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﺧﻮد در ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎدر و آﺑﺮاهﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﻨﺎدر ﻛﺸﻮر و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺪور ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﻮز ﺳﺎﺧﺖوﺳﺎز درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬
‫و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ و ﺑﻨﺎدر ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﺶ و ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎزي ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬
‫اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻃﺮح ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر )‪ (ICZM‬و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻳﺠﺎد زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﺣﺪاث ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ و ﺑﺎ دوام در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻻزم دﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﻮد و در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ را ﺑﻪﻋﻬﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫آن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻛﺎر ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪهﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﺎﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ از دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎور‪ ،‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﺧﻮاﻫﻲ ادواري و اﺻﻼﺣﺎت آن‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬اﻣﻮر ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﻳﺰي و ﻧﻈﺎرت راﻫﺒﺮدي ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ و ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ در ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎرت و‬
‫اﺟﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ و ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺿﻮع آن دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ اﺻﻮل‪ ،‬روشﻫﺎ و ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎت ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه و ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬
‫ﺑﺎزﺧﻮردﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎت ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ ،300‬دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﺘﻮن ﻓﻨﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺷﻮد و در ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ و ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﺒﻮده از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻮن‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺴﻂ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ داﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ و ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻻزماﻻﺟﺮا ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫اﻣﺮوزه ﺣﺪود ‪ 90‬درﺻﺪ ﻣﺒﺎدﻻت ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ درﻳﺎﻫﺎ و ﻛﺸﺘﻴﺮاﻧﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد و ﻧﻘﺶ و اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻨﺎدر ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﻤﻞوﻧﻘﻞ درﻳﺎﻳﻲ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻋﻢ از ﻛﺎﻻ و ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬در‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺠﻮار ﺑﺎ درﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺎﻧﻮن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻋﻢ از ﺗﺠﺎرت‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و ﺣﻤﻞوﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻻ و ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و ﺷﻴﻼت و ﭘﺮورش آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه و در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺣﺎل ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي اﻳﺪهآﻟﻲ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬاريﻫﺎي ﻛﻼن ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎزد‪ .‬وﺟﻮد ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻪ ‪ 5800‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻃﻲ دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬاريﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ و درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮد و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ در ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﻓﻨﻲ و اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻨﺎدر‪ ،‬اﺣﺪاث ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻮجﺷﻜﻦ‪ ،‬اﺳﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬اﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﻨﺪري و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ و ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺮدد اﻳﻤﻦ ﺷﻨﺎورﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬رﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻓﻨﻲ و اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ اﺣﺪاث اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ و‬
‫ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ درﻳﺎ و ﺻﺮف ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺖ اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم وﻳﮋه ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻴﺶ ﺿﺮوري ﻣﻲﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬
‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ‪ 11‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪاي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 633‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎرم از آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 641‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ اول‪ :‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪630‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ دوم‪ :‬ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪631‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮم‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪632‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎرم‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪633‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪634‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎي ﻧﺎوﺑﺮي و ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪635‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺑﻨﺎدر‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪636‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي )ﻣﻬﺎر(‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪637‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﻨﺪر‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪638‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ دﻫﻢ‪ :‬اﺳﻜﻠﻪﻫﺎي وﻳﮋه‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪639‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻳﺎزدﻫﻢ‪ :‬اﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪640‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪641‬‬
‫ب‬
‫اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﻫﻮن ﺗﻼش و زﺣﻤﺎت ﻋﺪه ﻛﺜﻴﺮي از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻄﻔﻲ در ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲرود‪ .‬اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اذﻋﺎن داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬاريﻫﺎ و‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع‪ ،‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهﺗﺮي در اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮزه و اﻳﺠﺎد ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪروز رﺳﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬آﻗﺎي دﻛﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺮو ﺑﺮﮔﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﺮي ﻃﺮح از داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان‪ ،‬آﻗﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﻄﺎاﻟﻪ ﺻﺪر‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎون وزﻳﺮ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬آﻗﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪس‬
‫رﻣﻀﺎن ﻋﺮب ﺳﺎﻻري‪ -‬ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ وﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬آﻗﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎون ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎدر‪ ،‬آﻗﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎر‪ -‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ و ﺑﻨﺎدر ﻫﻤﮕﻲ از ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‪ ،‬آﻗﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﻤﺰه ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮي‪ -‬رﻳﻴﺲ اﻣﻮر ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬اﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ و ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎور و ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎران ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي در ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ و اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻈﺮات ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ و ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻳﻦ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺧﻮد را از ﻫﻤﮕﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻋﺰﻳﺰان اﺑﺮاز ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻣﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻼش ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در اﻳﺠﺎد اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار و اﻋﺘﻼي ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎور‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎران و ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻗﺮار ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎون ﻧﻈﺎرت راﻫﺒﺮدي‬

‫ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1392‬‬

‫پ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎرم – ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫]ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪[633‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺮي و ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ‪:‬‬

‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺮو ﺑﺮﮔﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻔﺒﺎ‪:‬‬
‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺮو ﺑﺮﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎور‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﺟﻨﺪﻗﻲ ﻋﻼﻳﻲ‬
‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ اﻛﺒﺮ رﻣﻀﺎﻧﻴﺎﻧﭙﻮر‬
‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺧﻮاﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﭙﻮر‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آب‪ -‬وزارت ﻧﻴﺮو‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎن‬
‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮوز ﮔﺘﻤﻴﺮي‬
‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ رﺳﻮل ﻣﻴﺮﻗﺎدري‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و اﻇﻬﺎرﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎور‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻚ ﺑﻨﻲﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﻚﻟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت درﻳﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎور‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮوز ﻋﺴﮕﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎور‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺎن ﻋﻠﻮي‬
‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮاي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮاﺣﻤﺪ ﻟﺸﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎور‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺼﻮدي زﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و راﻫﺒﺮي‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﻄﺎءاﻟﻪ ﺻﺪر‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ اﻟﻪﻳﺎر‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ درﻳﺎ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ﺳﻬﺮاﺑﻲ ﻗﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ و آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﻲ زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻗﻴﺎن‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﺪم‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻧﮓ ﻧﻴﺮوﻣﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ اﺑﻼغ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎون اﻣﻮر ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺗﻮﺗﻮﻧﭽﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﭘﺮوژه در اﻣﻮر ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪرﺿﺎ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﻲ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-1‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪5 ........................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-1‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪6 ............... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-1‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪6 ...... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪8 ....................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-4-1‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪8 ............ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪15 ............................... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪16. ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -4-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ‪17 .. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -5-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ‪17 .... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -5-1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ‪25 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-5-1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪25 .............................. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-5-1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪25 .......................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-5-1‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ‪26 ........ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -4-5-1‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ‪26.... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -6-1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ‪26 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪29 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-2‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪29 ............ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-2‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‪30 .............................. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-3-2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪30 ........... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-3-2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪32 .. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-3-2‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪33 ......... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -4-2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ‪33 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-4-2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‪33 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-4-2‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ‪34 ........... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺙ‬
‫‪ -3-4-2‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‪35 ........ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -4-4-2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﺒﻨﺪ ‪35 ............................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -5-2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪36 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-3‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪39 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪40 ............. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-2-3‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ‪40 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-2-3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪40 .. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-3‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ‪40 ........ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-3-3‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪40 ........... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-3-3‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‪41 ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-3-3‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪43 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -4-3‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ‪43 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-4-3‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ‪43 ............. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-4-3‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ‪44 ............. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-4‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪51 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ‪52 ............. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-4‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ‪53 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-5‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪57 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-5‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪57 ............. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-5‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪57 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ‪58 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -1-4-5‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ‪58 ............................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -2-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ‪58 ............. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -3-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ‪59 ............... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ SRC‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺝ‬
‫‪ -4-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ‪59 .................. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -5-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪59 ...... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -6-4-5‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪60 ................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫‪ -5-5‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ‪60 ..... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪63 .................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪67................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫چ‬
 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -1-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ‪5 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -2-4‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ‪7 ....................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3-4‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ‪7. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -4-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪9 .............. ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -5-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪9 ................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -6-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪12 ........... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪-7-4‬ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ( ‪13 ..................... ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪-7-4‬ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ( ‪13 ....................... ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -8-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪14 ... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -9-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ( ‪15 .............. ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -10-4‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪16 ... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -11-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ‪16 .. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -12-4‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ ‪17 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -13-4‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪18 ....... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -14-4‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ‪20 ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -15-4‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ ‪21 ............................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -16-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ‪23 ........... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -17-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪24 .......................... ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -18-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪24 ... ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -19-4‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ‪25 ................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -20-4‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ‪26 .. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -21-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪29 .... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -22-4‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪30 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -23-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪32 ............................. ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -24-4‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪33 .................. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -25-4‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪34 ............................. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -26-4‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ‪34 ............................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -27-4‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‪36 ............ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -28-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ‪39 ...... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -29-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‪41 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -30-4‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪42 ....................... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -31-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪43 .......... ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -32-4‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ )ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﺮ( ‪45 . ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -33-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﺮﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ‪45 ......................... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -34-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ‪46 ........... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -35-4‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ‪51 .......................... ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -36-4‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‪54 ... ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -37-4‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ‪57 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -38-4‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ‪58 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺥ‬
 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -1-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪10 ........................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -2-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‪12 .............................. ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -3-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪12 ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -4-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪12 .............................. ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ -(5-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪13 ......................... ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -6-4‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ( ‪14 ............ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -7-4‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‪14 ....... ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -8-4‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ( ‪15 ......... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -9-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‪53 ........................... ................................‬‬
‫‪3T‬‬ ‫‪3T‬‬

‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪4‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪1‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ -1-1‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (1-4‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -1-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،3‬ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -2-3‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-1‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺨﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ )ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﭘﻲ(‬
‫‪ (3‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‪ :‬ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
‫‪ (7‬ﺧﻤﺶ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2-4‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ‪ 30‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ )ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ‪ 40‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ 80‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ 20‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-1‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻭﺍژﮔﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺞ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (1-1‬ﺍﺭﺿﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(3-4‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪− CG = GM > 0‬‬ ‫)‪(1-1‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :V‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ )‪(m3‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ :I‬ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ )‪(m4‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ :C‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ :G‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ :M‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ )‪(metacenter‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ GM‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺨﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -2-4‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3-4‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (1-1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺞ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (2-1‬ﻳﺎ )‪ (3-1‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪(I ′ − ∑ i ) − C ′G ′ > 0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-1‬‬
‫‪V′‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪I′‬‬
‫‪− C ′G ′ > 0‬‬ ‫)‪(3-1‬‬
‫‪V′‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :i‬ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪(m4‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫'‪ C' ،I' ،V‬ﻭ '‪ :G‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫‪ -1-4-1‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬

‫ﻧ ﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ )ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،3‬ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -2-3‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫)‪ (1-4‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺮﻭﺷﻪ ][ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ )( ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ) ‪ k p‬ﻭ ‪ (k r‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ 0/5‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ (4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (4-4‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (6-4‬ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ )‪ (2-4‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (4-4‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ( ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ‪ :‬ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ (‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -4-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -5-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬

 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -1-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 0/9‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬
‫‪[0/8]1/2‬‬ ‫‪[0/7]1/3‬‬ ‫‪[0/9]1/1‬‬ ‫‪[0/9]1/1‬‬ ‫‪[0/9]1/1‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫)‪(1/0‬‬ ‫)‪(1/0‬‬ ‫)‪(1/0‬‬ ‫)‪(1/0‬‬ ‫)‪(1/0‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫‪(1/0) 1/3‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 0/9‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫‪(1/0) 1/2‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬ ‫‪(0/5) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(0/5) 0/9‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬ ‫‪(0/5) 1/1‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ(‬ ‫‪(0/5) 1/1‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﺩﺍﻝﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﺩﺍﻝﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫‪(0/5)0/8‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(1/1) 0/9‬‬
‫)ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ(‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫‪1/1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪(1/0) 1/1‬‬
‫)‪(1/0‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫)ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪(-) 1/0‬‬ ‫‪(-)1/0‬‬ ‫‪(-) 1/0‬‬ ‫‪(-) 1/0‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ(‬
 ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -1-4‬ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬ ‫‪(0/5) 1/1‬‬ ‫‪(0/5) 0/9‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬ ‫‪(0/5) 1/1‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
‫‪1/1‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ(‬
‫)‪(0/5‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،2‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -12‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -2-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪1.0H-1.0D‬‬ ‫‪1.3H-0.9D‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫‪0.5S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1.1S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪1.0D+1.0S+1.0∆S‬‬ ‫‪1.1D+1.1S+1.2∆S‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﻌﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ (1 :‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (4-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ( ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ )ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ‪ :‬ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧ ﺸﻜﻲ (‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -3-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪0.5S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1.1S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫‪1.0D+1.0S‬‬ ‫‪1.1D+1.1S‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (5-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫پ ( ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ) ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ (‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -4-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪0.5S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1.1S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫‪1.0D+1.0S+1.0∆S‬‬ ‫‪1.1D+1.1S+1.2∆S‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﻌﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (6-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -6-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬

 ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ (5‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (7-4‬ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (5-4‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ -(5-4‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪0.5S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1.1S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫‪1.0D+1.0S‬‬ ‫‪1.1D+1.1S‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (7-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ( ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ )ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ (‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪-7-4‬ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ(‬

‫ﺏ ( ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ )ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ (‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪-7-4‬ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ(‬

‫‪ (6‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1-4‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (5-4‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺝ ) ‪ (D 0‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )‪ (∆R‬ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ )‪ (U‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(5-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (7-4‬ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (6-4‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -6-4‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ ) ‪(D 0‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )‪ ،(∆R‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ )‪(U‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -7-4‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬
‫ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ ∆R‬ﻭ ‪W‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ‬
‫‪1.1D 0 +1.2∆R+1.3U‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫↑‪W‬‬ ‫↑ ‪∆R‬‬
‫‪1.1D 0 +0.8∆R+1.3U‬‬ ‫↑‪W‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫↓ ‪∆R‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪(*) 0.9D 0 +1.2∆R+0.7U‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫↓‪W‬‬
‫‪1.1D 0 +1.2∆R+0.7U‬‬ ‫↑‪W‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫↑ ‪∆R‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪0.9D 0 +0.8∆R+1.3U‬‬ ‫↓‪W‬‬

‫ﻗﻌﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪1.1D 0 +0.8∆R+0.7U‬‬ ‫↑‪W‬‬

‫↓ ‪∆R‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪(*) 0.9D 0 +1.2∆R+1.3U‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫↓‪W‬‬
‫‪1.0D 0 +1.0∆R+1.0U‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ (1 :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺒﺮﻱ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (*) (2‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )‪ (∆R‬ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ |‪ 1.2|∆R‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ |‪ 1.1|R‬ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫|‪ 1.2|∆R|>1.1|R‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ 0.9D 0 +1.1|R|+0.7(1.3)U‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -8-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ(‬

‫‪ (7‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(1-4‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (9-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (8-4‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -8-4‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ(‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ )*(‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪1.0D+1.0R+1.0F+0.5W‬‬ ‫‪0.9D+1.1R+1.1F+0.8W‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫'‪0.9D+1.0R+1.1R'+0.8W‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
‫‪0.5D f +0.5S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪0.9D f +1.1S f‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (9-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (8‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.1) 1.1S‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ‪(γ f :‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 0.5) 0.5S‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ‪(k p :‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ‪ S‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -9-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ(‬

‫‪ -2-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺨﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:(10-4‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺁﺑﺨﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺑﺨﻮﺭ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -10-4‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(11-4‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -11-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬

 ‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪p 2 = p w − w = w0 H 0 − w‬‬ ‫)‪(4-1‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :p 2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )‪(kN/m2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :P w‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪1‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺑﺨﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ )‪(kN/m2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ : w‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ )‪(kN/m2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ : w 0‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ )‪(kN/m3‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :H 0‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺑﺨﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ -4-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(12-4‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -12-4‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ -5-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬

‫‪-1-5-4-1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 0/6‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(13-4‬‬
‫ﺕ( ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -13-4‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (13-4‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :q‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪(kN/m2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫'‪ :γ‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ ،(kN/m3‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪ γ'=10 kN/m3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪K=0.6‬‬ ‫‪ :K‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫‪b=H‬‬ ‫‪ :b‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‪،‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﺭ ﺁﺏ )‪ (LWL‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﻌﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ‪ (H 1/3 )/2‬ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ LWL‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (14-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
 ‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﺦ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-5-4-1‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦﻫﺎ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ(‬

‫)ﺏ( ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ(‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫)پ( ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪﻫﺎ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ(‬

‫)ﺕ( ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -14-4‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (5-1‬ﻭ )‪ (6-1‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(15-4‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ e‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪(7-1‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -15-4‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪: e ≤ b‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ 6e  V ‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪p1 =  1 +  ‬‬ ‫=‪e‬‬ ‫‪−x‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪b b‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(5-1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(7-1‬‬
‫‪ 6e  V ‬‬ ‫‪M − Mh ‬‬
‫‪p2 =  1 − ‬‬ ‫‪x= w‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪b  b ‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪: e > b‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2 V ‬‬
‫= ‪p1‬‬
‫‪3 b‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ − e  ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(6-1‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪b′ = 3 − e  ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :p 1‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )‪(kN/m2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :p 2‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ )‪(kN/m2‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :V‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ )‪(kN/m‬‬

‫‪ :H‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ )‪(kN/m‬‬
‫‪ :e‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ‪ V‬ﻭ ‪) H‬ﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫‪ :b‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻛﻒ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫>‪e‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫'‪ :b‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ :M w‬ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ A‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ )‪(kN.m/m‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :M h‬ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ A‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ )‪(kN.m/m‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫پ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‪،2‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -5‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ( ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ ‪ 22/6 kN/m3‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ‪ 24 kN/m3‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫چ( ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ 24 kN/m3‬ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﺡ( ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (16-4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -16-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬

‫ﺏ( ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬

‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (5-1‬ﻳﺎ )‪ (6-1‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ 24 kN/m3‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ( ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-5-4-1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫)‪ (3‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬

‫)‪ (4‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫)‪ (6‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫)‪ (7‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (17-4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -17-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (18-4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -18-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(19-4‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -19-4‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫‪ -5-1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫‪ -1-5-1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ 7 :‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -2-5-1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫‪ -3-5-1‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ 7 :‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻃﺮﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(20-4‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -20-4‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‬

‫‪ (5‬ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻤﺶ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ‪ A-A‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(20-4‬ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1:3‬ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4-5-1‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6-1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻭ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻑ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫‪ -1-2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (21-4‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -21-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫‪ -2-2‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬

‫‪ (3‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ )ﺗﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ(‬

‫ﺗﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (22-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻭ )ﺏ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 0/05‬ﻭ ‪ 0/10‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺏ( ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪k h =0.10‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪k h =0.05‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -22-4‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫‪ -3-2‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫‪ -1-3-2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫ﺏ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
‫پ( ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺕ( ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫پ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ( ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺙ( ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -1-4-1‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (23-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺏ( ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫)پ( ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -23-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :q‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ )‪(kN/m2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ :γ 1‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ )‪(kN/m3‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :γ 2‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ) ‪(kN/m‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :γ w‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﺏ ) ‪(kN/m‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :h 1‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :h 2‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :h 3‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :h 4‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :K 1‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :K 2‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :w‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ )‪(kN/m2‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ ،2‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -14‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪δ=15°‬‬

‫‪ (4‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -5-4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-3-2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫‪ -3-3-2‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(24-4‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺏ( ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -24-4‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫‪ -4-2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫‪ -1-4-2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻃﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (25-4‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫‪ (6‬ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻃﺮﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-4-2‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻃﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (26-4‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺏ( ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -25-4‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -26-4‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‬

‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫‪ -3-4-2‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﻜﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻃﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻛﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -1-4-2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ]ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ[ )‪ ،(6‬ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻛﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻃﺮﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﻝ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺪ )‪ (1‬ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4-4-2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻴﺮ ‪ T‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺕﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (8‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (27-4‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪36‬‬

‫‪ :p‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ :l h‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :b‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫‪ :H‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -27-4‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ -5-2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -6-1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪-3‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪3‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
 ‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ -1-3‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (28-4‬ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -28-4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -1‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓﭼﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫‪ -2-3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫‪ -1-2-3‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-2-3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻱ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫‪ -3-3‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ -1-3-3‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺗﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬
‫‪ (7‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
 ‫‪41‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ (8‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (29-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -29-4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ (3‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -1-4-1‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-3-3‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪42‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 0/6‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ b 1‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (30-4‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪[1]-5-4-1‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -30-4‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (30-4‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :q‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ )‪(kN/m2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ :γ 1‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ )‪) (kN/m3‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ‪(γ 1 =18 kN/m3‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :γ 2‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ )‪) (kN/m3‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ‪(γ 2 =10 kN/m3‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪K=0.6‬‬ ‫‪ :K‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫‪ :b 1‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‪b 1 =H 1 ،‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
 ‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫پ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪LWL‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓﭼﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﻌﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،2‬ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -2-5‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﺷﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (31-4‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-3-3‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -3-3-2‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -31-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ -4-3‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫‪ -1-4-3‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪44‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺟﻌﺒﻪﺍﻱ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻃﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-4-3‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (32-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ‪I‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ‪I‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -32-4‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ )ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﺮ(‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺯﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(33-4‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -33-4‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﺮﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺕ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‪:‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪46‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪7‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(34-4‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -34-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (34-4‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :P F‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )‪(kN‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :M F‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ )‪(kN.m‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :P B‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ )‪(kN‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :M B‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ )‪(kN.m‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ :l‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‬

‫ﺏ( ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫پ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ( ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪47‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ (4‬ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻒ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬
‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪4‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬

 ‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬

‫‪ -1-4‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮓﭼﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﻣﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -1-1‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ )‪ (1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (35-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -35-4‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬

 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪52‬‬

‫‪ -2-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
‫‪ (7‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (8‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ‬
‫‪ (9‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ (10‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ (11‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬
‫‪ (12‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -1-4-1‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،2‬ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -8-2-5‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪53‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪ε1‬‬‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫‪p e1‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (36-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 0/5‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ 1/0‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺭﺍ ‪ 30‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (9-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -9-4‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ‪/‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ(‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ(‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ(‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ(‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ )ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ(‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ(‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ )ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻴﺮ(‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻴﺮ(‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﻝﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ )ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ(‬
‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (35-4‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-4‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪54‬‬

‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -36-4‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬
‫‪57‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -5‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
 ‫‪57‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫‪ -1-5‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓﭼﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫)‪ (37-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ‪ SRC‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -37-4‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (38-4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-5‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -2-1‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-5‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -4-1‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪58‬‬

‫‪ -4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫‪ -1-4-5‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ -5-1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -38-4‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫‪ -2-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪59‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫‪ (3‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﻞﻣﻴﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺷﻜﻞﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻴﻨﺶ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻦ )ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ‪SRC‬‬

‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ )‪ (SRC‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ‪SRC‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ‬

‫ﺏ( ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻗﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﻒ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5-4-5‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ )ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ( ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪60‬‬

‫‪ -6-4-5‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺵ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺮﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻨﮓﭼﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5-5‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺮﺑﺎﺱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪61‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪/‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
 63 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

[1] Shigeo TAKAHASHI, Ken-ichirou SHIMOSAKO, Hitoshi SASAKI: “Experimental study on w ave
forces acting on perforated wall caisson breakwaters”, Rept of PHRI, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1991 (in
Japanese).
[2] Sigeo TAKAHASHI, Katsutoshi TANIMOTO: “Uplift forces on a ceiling slab of wave dissipating
caisson with a permeable front wall - Field data analysis -”, Rept of PHRI, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1984 (in
Japanese).
[3] Katsutoshi TANIMOTO, Shigeo TAKAHASHI, Tsutomu MURANAGA: “Uplift forces on a ceiling
slab of wave dissipating caisson with a permeable front wall - Analytical model for compression of an
enclosed air layer -”, Rept of PHRI, Vol.19.,No. 1, 1980, pp. 3-31 (in Japanese).
[4] Coastal Development Institute of Technology (CDIT): “Design Manual for Hybrid Caissons”, 1999,
ISBN-4-900302-44 (in Japanese).
[5] Hiroshi YOKOTA: “Study on mechanical properties of steel-concrete composite structures and their
applicability to marine structures”, Tech. Note of PHRI, No.750, 1993 (in Japanese).
‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
 67
A Allowable upward displacement ........................
Abnormal water levels................. ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺁﺏ‬
Abrasion resistance............................. ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬
Absorbing caissons .......................... ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬
Access bridge ......................................... ‫ﭘﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬
Accidental load ........................................ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ‬
Active earth pressure ....................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬
Active load ............................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬
Actual mooring lines ..................... ‫ﻃﻨﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
Additional lane ....................................... ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
Adjusting tower ...................................... ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
Administration& operation facilities ..................
............................................. ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
Ae (air entrained) concrete ...................... ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭ‬
Afforestation works .......................... ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
Air-cushion vehicle ............. ‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺘﻚ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
Air-cushion vehicle landing facilities.................
..... ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺘﻚ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
Alarm systems ............................ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺧﻄﺮ‬
Alignment of breakwater .................... ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
Alkali-aggregate reaction .......... ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬-‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Allowable axial bearing capacity of piles ..........
....................................... ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎ‬
Allowable axial compressive stress ....................
................................................ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
Allowable bearing capacity ........... ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
Allowable bending compressive stress...............
................................................ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
Allowable bond stress ................... ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ‬
Allowable displacement ductility factor.............
......................................‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺷﻜﻞﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
Allowable displacement for the sheet pile crown
................................................ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﭙﺮ‬
Allowable limit for expected sliding distance ....
................................................. ‫ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ‬
Allowable overtopping ......................... ‫ﺭﻭﮔﺬﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
Allowable pulling resistance of piles .................
................................................ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Allowable shear resistance force ........................
................................................ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
Allowable shearing stress .................. ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
Allowable stress method ................... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
Allowable stresses .................................... ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
Allowable tensile stress ................... ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
................................................ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
Aluminum................................................... ‫ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ‬
Aluminum alloy anodes......................................
....................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ‬
Aluminum, titanium ......................... ‫ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬،‫ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ‬
Amenity aspects ................................. ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻲ‬
Amenity-oriented seawall...... ‫ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Amplitude amplification factor .. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬
Anchor chain type mooring buoy .......................
............................................. ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻱ‬
Anchorage work ..................................... ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Ancillary facilities ...............................‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬
Ancillary works ........................... ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬
Angle of friction between backfilling material&
backface wall ......................................................
.................. ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺸﺖﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
Angle of friction of the wall .......... ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
Angle of internal friction ..............‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
Angle of repose ................................ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
Apparent cohesion ............................ ‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ‬
Apparent seismic coefficient ......... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ‬
Approaching energy ....................... ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
Approaching speeds ...................... ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
Approximate lowest water level .........................
................................................. ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬
Apron ............................................................ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‬
Arcs ................................................................ ‫ﻗﻮﺱ‬
Area of improvement.......................... ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ‬
Armor layer ...................................... (‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺭﻣﻮﺭ )ﺣﻔﺎﻅ‬
Armor stones ............................. (‫ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻣﻮﺭ )ﺣﻔﺎﻅ‬
Artificial dune................................ ‫ﺗﭙﻪ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
Asphalt concrete for pavement ...........................
........................................... ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
Asphalt mats ........................................‫ﻛﺮﺑﺎﺱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
Asphalt pavement ...............................‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
Asphalt stabilization ................................‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
Assignment of traffic volume to various routes
......................... ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
Astronomical tides............ ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪ )ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪ( ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻲ‬
Atmospheric pressure ................................. ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
Availability of construction materials ................
.......................................... ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯ‬
Average color rendering performance evaluation
number ........................................ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬/‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Average degree of consolidation ... ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
Axial bearing capacity of piles ...........................
............................................ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎ‬
Axial compressive stress ............... ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
Axial spring constant of pile head ......................
............................................. ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Axial tensile stress........................ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
B
Backfill ......................................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
Backfilling materials ............................ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
Backfilling stones ............................ ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
Backshore ............................................... ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ‬
Bar type beach ................................. ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺸﺘﻪﺍﻱ‬
Barricades....................................................... ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ‬
Base course material ................... ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﺭﺷﺘﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
Basic cross section ........................... ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
Basins .......................................................... ‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
Bathymetry measurement....................... ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ‬
Bay characteristics .................... ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
Bay entrance correction factor ...........................
....................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
Beach deformation ........................... ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Beach erosion ...................................... ‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Bead ............................................................... ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ‬
Beam method ............................................. ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻴﺮ‬
Bearing capacity ................................... ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ‬
Bearing capacity coefficient ......... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ‬
Bearing capacity factors .............. ‫ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ‬
Bearing piles............................................‫ﺷﻤﻊ ﺍﺗﻜﺎﻳﻲ‬
Bearing stress .....................................‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬
Bedload ....................................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
Bedrock acceleration ............... ‫ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
Bending compressive stress ........... ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻤﺶ‬
Bending failure ................................. ‫ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
Bending tensile stress ..................... ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺧﻤﺶ‬
Berm ....................................................... ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
Berm width of the mound ......... ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﭘﺸﺘﻪ‬
Berth configuration factor ........ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
Berthing energy .................................. ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
Berthing force.................................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
Berthing velocity ............................... ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
Berths ........................................................ ‫ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
Bilge keels ......... ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
68
Bitts ....................................................... ‫ﻗﻼﺏ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪ‬
Bituminous materials ............................. ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ‬
Blast furnace........................................ ‫ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﺫﻭﺏ ﺁﻫﻦ‬
Blast furnace slag ........................ ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﺁﻫﻦﮔﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬
Block coefficient .................................. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻇﺮﺍﻓﺖ‬
Block failure .......................................‫ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ‬
Block type improvement ............ ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ‬
Blown asphalt ............................................ ‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬
Boat houses ..................................... ‫ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻳﻖ‬
Boat racks ............................................ ‫ﻗﻔﺴﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﻳﻖ‬
Boat yards ................................... ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻳﻖ‬
Bollard .......................................................... ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪ‬
Bore type tsunami ...........................‫ﺳﻮﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺗﻨﺪ‬
Bottom reaction .................................. ‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻒ‬
Bottom slab ................................................. ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
Bottom slope ............................................. ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻛﻒ‬
Bow and stern side ............................ ‫ﺟﻠﻮ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Box shear test .................................. ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
Breaker index ..................................... ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Breaker line ............................................ ‫ﺧﻂ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Breaker zone.......................................... ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Breaking ...................................................... ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Breaking point ....................................... ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Breaking strength ............................ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬
Breaking wave force ...................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Breaking wave height ................ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Breakwater ................................................ ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
Breakwater alignment ........................ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
Breakwater head ................................... ‫ﭘﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
Breakwater trunk .................................. ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
Breakwaters with wide footing .. ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‬
Buoyancy .................................................... ‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬
Buoys ............................................................ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻪﻫﺎ‬
C
Caisson breakwaters ..................... ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﺍﻱ‬
Caisson type composite breakwater ...................
........................................... ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﺍﻱ‬
Caisson type dolphins .................. ‫ﺩﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﺍﻱ‬
Caisson type quaywalls ........... ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﺍﻱ‬
Caisson type upright breakwater ........................
............................................. ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﺍﻱ‬
Calculation of deformation moment ..................
.............................................‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
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Calculation of time-settlement relationship........
............................................... ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬-‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬
Calmness ..................................................... ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ‬
Cantilever sheet pile wall ...... ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﭙﺮ ﻃﺮﻩﺍﻱ‬
Canvas sheets ..................................... ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺮﺑﺎﺱ‬
Car parks .......................................... ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ‬
Cargo handling ...................................... ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻻ‬
Cargo handling equipment ......... ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻻ‬
Cargo handling equipment load .........................
................................................. ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻻ‬
Cargo ship .............................................. ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ‬
Cargo sorting area ..................... ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻻ‬
Cast steel ..................................... ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪﮔﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Cast-in-place concrete ................................ ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ‬
Cast-in-place concrete piles with outer casing ...
............................................ ‫ﺷﻤﻊ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
Catenary line ............................................ ‫ﺧﻂ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ‬
Catenary mooring ............................. ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ‬
Catenary theory .............................‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ‬
Cathodic protection method .......... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪﻱ‬
Ceiling slab ................................................ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
Celerity ........................................... ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Cellular .............................................. (‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ )ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬
Cellular blocks ....................................... ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
Cellular concrete blocks ................... ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
Cellular-bulkhead ....................................‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
Cellular-bulkhead type quaywalls . ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
Cement concrete pavement .................. ‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Cement-based hardeners..... ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
Cement-mixed soils ................‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
Center of buoyancy ............................... ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬
Center of gravity ....................................... ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ‬
Characteristic embedded length ... ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
Characteristic values............................‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
Chart datum level (cdl) ....................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‬
Circular arc analysis ................. ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ‬
Circular slip ......................................... ‫ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻭﻱ‬
Circular slip failure .................... ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻭﻱ‬
Clayey ground ................................ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺳﻲ‬
Clearance limit ..................................... ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
Clinker ash .......................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻜﺮ‬
Club houses ....................................... ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻩ‬
Coal ash ......................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺯﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
Coal storage yards ...............‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
Coarse sand ......................................... ‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ‬
Coastal erosion control .............. ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Coating materials ................................. ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ‬
Coating method ............................. ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
Coefficient of consolidation ................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
Coefficient of earth pressure ........... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Coefficient of friction ....................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‬
Coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction .......
............................................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Coefficient of lateral subgrade reaction .............
........................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Coefficient of linear thermal elongation.............
.......................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻄﻲﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‬
Coefficient of permeability ............. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
Coefficient of secondary compression ...............
........................................................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬
Coefficient of stress distribution ..... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ‬
Coefficient of volume compressibility ...............
.......................................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
Cohesion of soil ................................. ‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Cohesive materials .............................. ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ‬
Cohesive resistance ......................... ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬
Collision force ..................................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬
Collision load .......................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬
Compensation currents ..............‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
Composite (hybrid) type ................ (‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ )ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
Composite breakwater .......................‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
Composite resin mats .............. ‫ﻛﺮﺑﺎﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺯﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
Composite seismic angle ............... ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
Composite slabs................................... ‫ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
Compressibility properties ........ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
Compression frequency-dependent characteristics
...................................... ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ‬
Compression index ...................... ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ )ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ( ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
Compression strength ......................... ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
Concave corners ...........................(‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻭ )ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‬
Concentrated corrosion ...................... ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
Concrete (reinforced concrete, prestressed
concrete) ............................. (‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦ )ﺑﺘﻦﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
Concrete aggregate ................................ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Concrete block pavement ................ ‫ﻛﻔﭙﻮﺵ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Concrete blocks ........................ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ )ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ( ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Concrete crown........................................... ‫ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Concrete lid ........................................... ‫ﻛﻼﻫﻚ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬/‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Concrete pavement ................................ ‫ﻛﻔﭙﻮﺵ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Concrete wall anchorage ..................‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ‬
Confining pressure .............................. ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ‬
Consolidation characteristics........... ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
Consolidation properties .................. ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
Consolidation rate ................................ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
Consolidation settlement ................... ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻤﻲ‬
Consolidation tests .............................. ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
Consolidation yield stress ............... ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
Constant of lateral resistance of ground .............
.................................................. ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
Construction conditions ........................ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
Construction cost ...................................‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
Construction joints .................................. ‫ﺩﺭﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
Construction method .............................. ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
Construction period ................................. ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
Construction works .............................. ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
Container cranes ............................... ‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﺮﻱ‬
Container freight station ............... ‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﺮ‬
Container ships .................................. ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﺮﻱ‬
Container terminals ............................... ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﺮ‬
Container yard .......................... ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﺮ‬
Continuity of sediment flux ......... ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﺷﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬
Converged embedded length .... ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Coping ..................................................... ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬
Copper granulated blast furnace slag .................
................................................. ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﻣﺲ‬
Corrected peak bedrock acceleration .................
..................................... ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
Correction factor ............................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ‬
Correction factor for scattered strength..............
................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
Corrosion control ............................... ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
Corrosion rate .................................... ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
Counterballast ......................................... ‫ﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
Coupled piles ............................................ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Coupled-pile anchorage ................... ‫ﺯﻭﺝ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ‬
Covering ...................................................... ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
Covering of main reinforcements .......................
.................................................. ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
Covering works ........................... ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
Crack widths ........................................... ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙ‬
Cracking ...............................................‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
Crashed concrete .................................. ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
70
Creep ............................................................. ‫ﺧﺰﺵ‬
Creep characteristics ....................... ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺰﺵ‬
Crest elevation ............................................ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺝ‬
Cross-shore sediment transport ..........................
..................................... ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Crown height ............................................ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺎﺝ‬
Cruiser .................................... ‫ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ‬
Curbing ................................................... ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻅﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
Current drag force ......................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
Current efficiency ................................. ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
Current force ........................................ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
Current pressure coefficient ........... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
Current pressure force .................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
Current velocity.....................................‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
Curtain wall breakwater ............ ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺷﻜﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬
Cut and cover tunnels ............... ‫ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
Cyclic triaxial test ................‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻴﻚ‬
Cylindrical failure surface ...... ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬
Cylindrical members ........................ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬
Cylindrical structures ....................‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬
D
Damage rate, damage level, relative damage .....
..................................... ‫ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬،‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ‬،‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ‬
Damage ratio ......................................... ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ‬
Damping constant ...................................‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
Damping factor .................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
Datum level ................................................ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ‬
Datum level for construction work.....................
.............................................. ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
Deadweight .............................................. ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬
Deadweight tons (dwt) ............... ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻦ‬
Deck slab .................................................. ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ‬
Deep foundations ..................................... ‫ﭘﻲ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Deep mixing (dm) machine .......... ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Deep mixing method ..................... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Deepwater wave energy flux ‫ﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Deepwater wave steepness ........ ‫ﺗﻴﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Deepwater waves ........................... ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Deflection ................................................ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Deflection curve equation ....... ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Deflection curve method .......... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Deformation level ............................. ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Deformation modulus ...................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 71
Deformation moment ........................ ‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Deformation resistance coefficient .....................
........................................‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Deformed concrete caisson type breakwater ......
............................ ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺷﻜﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
Degree of corrosion ............................ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
Degree of importance ............................ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬
Density currents .................................... ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬
Design bearing capacity coefficient ...................
............................................. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design conditions ................................. ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design lifetime .......................................‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design load ............................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design luminous flux maintenance factor .........
................................. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ‬
Design method ...................................... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design of lighting .................................... ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻮﺭ‬
Design seismic coefficient.............. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design significant wave height ..........................
............................................... ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design standard traffic volume ..........................
............................................ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design tide level .......................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design traffic volume .................. ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design vehicle ................................ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design water depth ............................ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design water level ............................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design waves......................................... ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Design wind velocity ....................... ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
Detached break-water ................ ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺷﻜﻦ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Detached pier ................................. ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Detailed design ........................ (‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ )ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ‬
Deviation .....................................................‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ‬
Diagonal reinforcement ........................‫ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ‬
Differential settlement ....................... ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬
Diffracted wave ..................................‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
Diffraction ..................................................... ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻕ‬
Diffraction coefficient ........................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ‬
Diffraction diagrams .......................... ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ‬
Diffraction force .................................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ‬
Dimensions of target vessel ................ ‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
Dinghy ................................................... ‫ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬
Directional spectrum ........................... ‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
Directional spreading function ... ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
Directional spreading method . ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
Directional spreading parameter.........................
.................................................‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
Dislodging ................................................ ‫ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
Displacement - energy curve ... ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬-‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
Displacement tonnage (dt).............. ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Dissipation volume ........................... ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬
Distribution functions ..............................‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
Distribution of intensity of illumination .............
............................................................. ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺭ‬
Diurnal tide ............................................. ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ‬
Semi-diurnal tide ................................ ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ‬
Divergent waves ...................................... ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬
Dolphin ........................................ (‫ﺩﻟﻔﻴﻦ )ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪ‬
Dolphin mooring .................................‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﻟﻔﻴﻨﻲ‬
Double sheet pile quaywall ........‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ‬
Double-buoy mooring ......................... ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ‬
Downdrift ............................................... ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
Drag coefficient .......................................‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﺴﺎ‬
Drag force ................................................. ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺎ‬
Drain pile diameter .......................... ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺷﻤﻊ ﺯﻫﻜﺶ‬
Drain piles ........................................‫ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻫﻜﺶ‬
Drainage distance ............................... ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ‬
Drainage facilities............................. ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ‬
Dredged soil ................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻻﻳﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Dredged spoils ............................. ‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻻﻳﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Drift force coefficient ................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺸﻲ‬
Driven depth of cell shell .......‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻛﻮﺑﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
Drying shrinkage ............ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
Dynamic modulus of deformation ......................
................................................‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
Dynamic penetration resistance... ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
Dynamic properties ...................... ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
Dynamic water pressure .................. ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
E
Earth .............................................................. ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Earth pressure .......................................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Earth retaining section ..................... ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Earth-retaining structure .................... ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
Earthquake load .......................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
Earthquake-resistance performance....................
................................................ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
Ebb tide .......................................................... ‫ﺟﺰﺭ‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬/‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Eccentric and inclined load ..... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ‬
Eccentric distance .......................... ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
Eccentricity factor .................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺖ‬
Economical design ............................‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
Effective buckling length ................ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ‬
Effective diameter ..................................... ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
Effective fetch length ................. ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮ‬
Effective grain size ..............................‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
Effective harbor entrance width .........................
................................................. ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺪﺭﮔﺎﻩ‬
Effective overburden pressure...... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
Effective surcharge pressure ............. ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
Effective voltage ...................................... ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
Effective weight .........................................‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
Elastic beam analysis method . ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬
Elastic constants .............................. ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬
Electrical cone test ............ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
Electrical static cone penetration test .................
...................................... ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
Embedded length.................................... ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ‬
Embedment length ........................ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬
Encounter probability ........................... ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﺧﺪﺍﺩ‬
End bearing area .............................. ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬
End protection ....................... ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
Energy loss ............................................ ‫ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬
Environmental conditions ................... ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
Epicenter ................................................. ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
Epoxy resin coated reinforcements ....................
........................................ ‫ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
Equivalent .................................................... ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
Equivalent beam method .....................‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
Equivalent crown height coefficient ..................
.................................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
Equivalent deepwater wave height.....................
............................................ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Equivalent n-value ............................. ‫ ﻋﺪﺩ‬n ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
Equivalent relative velocity ........... ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
Equivalent wall height...................... ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
Equivalent wall width ...................... ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
Equivalent width of wall ................. ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
Equivalent-thickness method .......‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
Erosion area of cross section .............................
............................................. ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
Estuarine hydraulic phenomena ... ‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭ‬
72
Estuarine hydraulics ........................... ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭ‬
Evaluation ................................. ‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ‬،‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
Excess pore water pressure ....... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﺍﺕ‬
Expected sliding distance .......... ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬
External stability ................................ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
F
Facilities for passenger boarding .......................
................................................. ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺍﻥ‬
Facility to trap the sediment . ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬
Factor for effective cross-sectional area.............
................................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
Fatigue failure ....................... ‫ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
Fatigue limit state ........................... ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
Fatigue strength ................................. ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
Fault distance ...................................... ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﻞ‬
Fender reaction ............................. ‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ‬
Fender reaction force............ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ‬
Fenders ...................................................... ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ‬
Ferries.................................................... ‫ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﻱ‬
Ferronickel granulated slag ... ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Ferry terminals ..........................‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﻱ‬
Fetch .......................................................‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮ‬
Fetch length ..................................... ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮ‬
Fiber reinforced plastic (frp) ..............................
..............................................‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬
Field measurement ........................... ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ‬
Field welding ....................................‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ‬
Fillet welding ........................................ ‫ﺟﻮﺵ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬
Filter sheet ............................................ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬
Final consolidation settlement....... ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
Finite amplitude wave ................... ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
Finite amplitude wave theory . ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
Finite element analysis ....................‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
Finite multilayered ......................... ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
Finite water depth .............................. ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
Fire fighting equipment ................ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻃﻔﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‬
Fixed earth support method............... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ‬
Fixed type ................................................ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ‬
Fixing length ....................................... ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
Flexibility number ............................ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
Floating body .......................................... ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Floating breakwater.............................‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Floating bridges ......................................... ‫ﭘﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
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Floating pier ........................................... ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Floating structures ............................... ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Floating type .............................................. ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Flocculation ............................................. ‫ﻟﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
Flood tide ..........................................................‫ﻣﺪ‬
Floor slab ................................................... ‫ﺩﺍﻝ ﻛﻒ‬
Flow velocity parameter ............... ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
Fluid mud .................................................‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ‬
Fluid mud layer .................................. ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ‬
Fluorescent sand tracers ......... ‫ﺭﺩﻳﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﻨﺖ‬
Flux method .............................................. ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺎﺭ‬
Fly ash .................................................. ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‬
Foam treated soil ....................... ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻒ‬
Foot protection block.............. ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙ )ﻗﻄﻌﻪ( ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ‬
Footing ...........................................................‫ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ‬
Footway live load ............................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺭﻭ‬
Forced displacement method ...... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
Foreshore .............................................. ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬
Forged steel ....................................‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Foundation ground ..................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﻲ‬
Foundations ............................................. (‫ﭘﻲ )ﺷﺎﻟﻮﺩﻩ‬
Free earth support method ............... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺎﻱ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ‬
Frequency .......................................... ‫ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ‬،‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬
Frequency spectrum .............................. ‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬
Frequency spectrum of wind velocity ................
....................................................‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ‬
Friction coefficient ............................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‬
Friction drag ........................................... ‫ﭘﺴﺎﻱ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ‬
Friction increasing mats ...‫ﻛﺮﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‬
Friction piles ...................................‫ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ‬
Frictional resistance......................... ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ‬
Front toe reaction force .... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ‬
Fueling and electric power supply facilities .......
.............................. ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
Fully plastic state moment ............. ‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
G
Gate supports .................................. ‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ‬
Gates ..............................................................‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ‬
Generated electricity flux ............ ‫ﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ‬
Geometrical moment of inertia... ‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
Geostrophic wind .......................‫ﺑﺎﺩ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺟﻮ‬
Geotechnical conditions ................... ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ‬
Glare ................................................... ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺸﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
Global warming ............................. ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬
Gradient winds ..................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
Grain size characteristics ............. ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﻩ‬
Grain size distribution curve ...... ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﻩ‬
Granulated blast furnace slag .............................
........................................‫ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﺁﻫﻦﮔﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Gravity type quaywalls ................ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ‬
Gravity type structure ............................... ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ‬
Grid ............................................................... ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬
Groin........................................................... ‫ﺁﺏﺷﻜﻦ‬
Gross tonnage ..................................... ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
Groundwater level ............................. ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
Group velocity ........................................ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬
Grouting material ......................... ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ‬
Gust factor ............................................. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻨﺪﺑﺎﺩ‬
H
Handicapped people ............................... ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻝ‬
Handrails ................................................‫ﻧﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬
Harbor .......................................................... ‫ﺑﻨﺪﺭﮔﺎﻩ‬
Harbor entrance ....................................... ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺪﺭ‬
Haunch ....................................................... ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ‬
Hazardous cargoes ........................... ‫ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ‬
Headed studs ............................................... ‫ﮔﻞ ﻣﻴﺦ‬
Heaving ............................................ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬
Heliports .............................................. ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮﺩ‬
High crested upright wall .................... ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬
High seismic resistant structures ........................
................................................ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
High water of ordinary spring tides ....................
........................................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﻬﻜﺸﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
High-density blocks ............... ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ )ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ( ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬
High-fluidity concrete ....................... ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
High-speed ferry ................................. ‫ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
Highest one-tenth wave ... ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﻫﻚ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‬
Highest one-tenth wave height ..........................
................................... ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﻫﻚ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‬
Highest wave ....................................... ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Highest wave height ..................... ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Highly flowable concrete ................... ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ‬
Hinterland ........................... (‫ﭘﺲ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻪ )ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Holding powers ..................................‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
Hooks ........................................................... ‫ﻗﻼﺏ‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬/‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Horizontal coefficient of consolidation ..............
........................................................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
Horizontal force ...................................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
Horizontal seismic coefficient.......... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
Horizontal shear modulus ................ ‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
Horizontal slit ......................................... ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
Horizontal tension .................................. ‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
Hwl ............................................. ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
Hwost ............................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﻬﻜﺸﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
Hybrid caissons .............................. ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
Hydraulic gradient ............................ ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
Hydraulic model experiments ............................
.............................................. ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
Hydraulic radius ............................... ‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
Hydrostatic pressure ............ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ( ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
Hyperbolic wave .................................... ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﻫﺬﻟﻮﻟﻲ‬
I
Illumination intensity calculation method ..........
.............................................. ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
Immediate settlement ..............................‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺁﻧﻲ‬
Impact load ............................................ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
Impact velocity ......................................‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬
Impact wave force ............................ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Impermeable type .................................‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
Importance factor ................................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬
Impulsive breaking wave force .........................
.......................................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Impulsive pressure ................................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬
Impulsive uplift ........................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
Impulsive wave breaking force .........................
.................................................. ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Impulsive wave pressure .....................‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
In-situ tests ....................................... ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ‬
Incident wave height ..................... ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬
Incident waves .................................... ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬
Increase factor ..................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
Indoor lighting .............................. ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
Inertia coefficient ................................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ‬
Inertia force .......................................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ‬
Infiltration ............................................... ‫ ﻧﺸﺖ‬،‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬
Infiltration of sediment ........................... ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬
Inorganic lining ................................... ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﺁﻟﻲ‬
Inshore .................................... ‫ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬،‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬
74
Inspection .................................... ‫ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ‬
Installation depth .....................................‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
Integrity of concrete blocks ....... ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Intensity of rainfall ................................. ‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺵ‬
Intensity of wave pressure ...................‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Intermediate soil .................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ‬
Internal friction angle ................... ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
Internal water pressure ........................ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
International marine chart datum .......................
.............................................. ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
Irregular wave ........................................ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬
J
Jetty .................................... ‫ ﺩﺳﺘﻚ‬،‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Joint board ............................................. ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺯ‬
Joint sealing materials ............................ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮ‬
Joints ........................................................ ‫ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺩﺭﺯ‬
K
Keel ............................................................ ‫ﺗﻪ ﻛﺸﺘﻲ‬
L
L-shaped member .................................. ‫ ﻋﻀﻮ‬l ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Landfill ......................................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
Landfill material ................................... ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
Lane ................................................. ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﺧﻂ‬،‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
Large isolated structures .................. ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺣﺠﻴﻢ‬
Lat ................................................... ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻲ‬
Latent hydraulic property ..... ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
Lateral axial spring constant of pile head...........
............................................... ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Lateral bearing capacity ...............‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
Lateral displacement ........................‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
Lateral flows ..........................................‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
Lateral loading tests ..................‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
Lateral resistance of piles .............. ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Lateral strength .................................... ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
Layer equivalency factor .............. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻢﺍﺭﺯﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
Layout of breakwaters ..................... ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬
Levee ........................................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬
Level crossings ............................................. ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
Life cycle cost ................................... ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
Lifesaving facilities ..................... ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻏﺮﻳﻖ‬
Lifetime .....................................................‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬
 75
Lift coefficient ......................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮﺁ‬
Lift force ................................................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺁ‬
Lighthouse ........................................... ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻮﺱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
Lighting facilities ............................ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
Lightweight aggregate concrete ............. ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻜﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬
Lightweight treated soil .............. ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
Limit state ............................................... ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ‬
Limit state design method ....... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ‬
Line load .................................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
Liquefaction .............................................. ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
Littoral drift .................................. ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Live load ..................................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬
Load - settlement curve .................. ‫ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬-‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
Load and pile head displacement curve..............
..........................................‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﺮ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Load carrying capacity design method ...............
.............................................. ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ‬
Load factor ............................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
Load inclination ratio ......................... ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
Loading arms .....................................‫ﺩﺳﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
Loading tests .....................................‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
Local buckling ................................... ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ‬
Lock ............................................ ‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‬
Longitudinal bending moment ........‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
Longitudinal construction joints .. ‫ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
Longitudinal slope .................................. ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
Longshore currents ........ (‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ )ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬
Longshore sediment transport ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Low water level ...........................................‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﺭ‬
Low water of ordinary spring tides ....................
........................................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﻜﺸﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
Lowest astronomical tide................. ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻲ‬
Luni-solar diurnal tide ........‫ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ‬-‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ‬
Lunar syzygy .................................. ‫ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ‬
Lwl ........................................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
Lwost ................................. ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﻜﺸﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
M Neap tide .................................................... ‫ﻛﻬﻜﺸﻨﺪ‬
Mach-stem waves ............................... ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺥ‬
Maintenance ..................................... ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
Maintenance shop ...................... ‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
Marinas ............................................ ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬
Mast height .............................................. ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
Material factor ...................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
Maximum scouring depth......... ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
Mean adhesion.................................. ‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
Mean high water level (mhwl) ...........‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺪ‬
Mean low water level (mlwl) ............ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﺭ‬
Mean monthly-highest water level .....................
.................................................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
Mean monthly-lowest water level ......................
................................................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
Mean sea level (msl).......................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬
Mean water level ............................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ‬
Mega-float ....................................‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬
Metacenter ............................................... ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬
Model experiments ............................‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
Modulus of elasticity .......................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬
Modulus of subgrade reaction .. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
Moored vessel..................................... ‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Mooring / unmooring basin ........ ‫ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ‬/‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring anchor ......................................... ‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring buoy ............................................ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring chain ..........................................‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring equipment .............................. ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring facilities .......... ‫ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬،‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring pile .............................................. ‫ﺷﻤﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring post ............................................‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring ring.............................................. ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Mooring rope ............................................ ‫ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Motorboat .............................................. ‫ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ‬
Mound materials ..................................... ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺸﺘﻪ‬
Multi-storied storage facilities... ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬
Multiple low fences ................... ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻅﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
N
N-th moment of the wave spectrum ...................
............................................... ‫ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ‬n ‫ﺍﻡ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
N-type scouring .............................. ‫ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ‬n
Nautical charts .................................. ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
Navigation aids ..................................... ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﺎﻭﺑﺮﻱ‬
Nearly highest high water level (nhhwl) ............
.............................................. ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
Negative skin friction ................... ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬
Negative uplift pressure ................ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬/‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
O Pontoon ........................................................ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺘﻮﻥ‬
Open-type wharf ............. ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
Organic lining ..........................................‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﻟﻲ‬
Original sea bottom depth ............. ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬
Outdoor lighting .............................‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
Overburden pressure ......................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻲ‬
Overtopping ................................................ ‫ﺭﻭﮔﺬﺭﻱ‬
Overturning ................................................. ‫ﻭﺍژﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬
P Principal solar semi-diurnal tide ........................
Parapet retreating type seawall...........................
........................................ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻋﻘﺐ‬
Parapet ................................. ‫ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ‬،‫ﺟﺎﻥ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ‬
Parking lots ................................................ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﻛﻴﻨﮓ‬
Partial safety factors ....................... ‫ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
Particle density ........................................ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺫﺭﻩ‬
Particle size distribution .................... ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
Passageways ............................................... ‫ﺭﺍﻫﺮﻭﻫﺎ‬
Passenger building ........................... ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺍﻥ‬
Passenger ship .................................. ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺑﺮﻱ‬
Passenger terminals ............................ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺑﺮﻱ‬
Passive earth pressure ...................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ‬
Penetration depth....................................... ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬
Perforated wall .................................... ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﺩﺍﺭ‬
Perforated-wall caisson ......................................
.............................. (‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﺩﺍﺭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ‬
Permanent load .......................................... ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬
Pile .................................................................‫ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Pile breakwater .................................. ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺷﻤﻌﻲ‬
Pile foundation .......................................... ‫ﭘﻲ ﺷﻤﻌﻲ‬
Pile group ..................................................‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Pile head displacement ...................‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Pipeline ....................................................... ‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Pitching ................................................. ‫ﻏﻠﺘﺶ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
Plain concrete ............................ ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
Planar slip surface ......................... ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬
Plantation works ......................... ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
Plastic sectional modulus .......... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
Plastic-board drain ..................... ‫ﺯﻫﻜﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
Plate load test ........................... ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
Pleasure boats .................................. ‫ﻗﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬
Plunging breakers ...............................‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻳﺰ‬
Pneumatic fenders ............................... ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‬
Poisson’s ratio .....................................‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻮﺍﺳﻮﻥ‬
76
Porous caisson .................................. ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬
Port traffic facilities..................... ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻨﺪﺭ‬
Prestressed concrete ............................. ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ‬
Primary consolidation ............................ ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
Principal direction .................... ‫ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
Principal lunar diurnal tide ....... ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
Principal lunar semi-diurnal tide ........................
.............................................. ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
................................................ ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ‬
Probability density function ............ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
Progressive waves ............................. ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬
Protective facilities ......................... ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬
Prototype design ...............................‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
Punching shear ................................. ‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
Pure car carriers.......................... ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‬
Pushing-in bearing capacity of pile ....................
................................................ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻛﻮﺑﺶ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Q
Quay sheds ......................................... ‫ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ‬
Quaywalls.............................................. ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬
R
Radius of gyration .............................. ‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ژﻳﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
Rail-type traveling cargo handling equipment ...
...............................................‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻻ‬
Reaction forces .............................. ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
Ready-mixed concrete ............................... ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬
Reclamation revetments .....................................
.................................. ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻨﮕﭽﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
Reef ................................................. ‫ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ﺁﺑﺴﻨﮓ‬
Reflected waves ............... ‫ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬،‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺑﻲ‬
Reflection ........................................... ‫ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ‬
Reflector sheet .............. ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺑﻨﺪﻩ‬،‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻲ‬
Refraction ...................................................... ‫ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ‬
Regional seismic coefficient ....... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬
Reinforced concrete ................................. ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
Reinforced concrete piles (rc piles)....................
........................................................ ‫ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
Relieving platform ............................... ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬
Residual displacement ..................... ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬
Residual water level ...........................‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬
Residual water pressure ................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬
 77 ‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

Restoring force .....................................‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ Shoaling ........................................................ ‫ﺧﺰﺵ‬

Return period ........................................ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ‬ Shoaling coefficient .............................. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﺰﺵ‬
Revetment ........................................ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻨﮓﭼﻴﻦ‬ Side thrusters .................................... ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
Rip currents ................................... ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬ Significant wave ....................................... ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
River mouth .......................................... ‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ Signs or notices ............................... ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
Roll-on roll-off ships ........................ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭ ﺭﻭ‬ Siltation ................................................ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
Rolling .................................................. ‫ﻏﻠﺘﺶ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬ Single pile .................................................. ‫ﺗﻚ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
Rubber ........................................................ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬ Single-buoy mooring ......................... ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻚ‬
Rubble mound .................................. ‫ﭘﺸﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩﺍﻱ‬ Sinker and anchor chain type mooring buoys ....
Rubble mound breakwater ........... ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩﺍﻱ‬ ...................................... ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻱ‬
Rubble mound foundation .................. ‫ﭘﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩﺍﻱ‬ Sinker type mooring buoy ......... ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺯﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬
Rubble stones .......................................... ‫ﻗﻠﻮﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ Sinking currents ............................‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬
Runup .......................................................... ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻱ‬ Skirt guard ...........................................‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬
Slack mooring.....................................‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﺴﺖ‬
S Slenderness ratio .................................. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻻﻏﺮﻱ‬
Safe nautical depth ...................... ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬ Sliding .......................................................... ‫ﻟﻐﺰﺵ‬
Safety factor .......................................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬ Sliding stability ................................... ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‬
Sand bar .................................................... ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﻲ‬ Slip surface ............................................ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ‬
Sand compaction pile method .‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻤﻊ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺍﻱ‬ Slipway ......................................................... ‫ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻩ‬
Sand fences ........................................ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻅﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ Slit ................................................................ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻑ‬
Sand filling ........................................... ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ Sluice ............................................................ ‫ﺁﺏﮔﻴﺮ‬
Sand mastic asphalt ........................ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ‬ Smear ................................................... ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
Sand mat .......................................‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺍﻱ‬ Splash zone ............................................ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
Sand ripples ................................. ‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ Spring rise .............................................. ‫ﻣﻬﻜﺸﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
Scouring ................................................. ‫ﺁﺏ ﺷﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ Spring tide .................................................. ‫ﻣﻬﻜﺸﻨﺪ‬
Seabed gradient .................................. ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ Stability ...................................................... ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
Seawalls ................................................. ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬ Standard concrete strength .......... ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Secondary consolidation ....................... ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬ Standing wave ........................................... ‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ‬
Sedimentation ............................. ‫ ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬،‫ﺗﻪﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ‬ Steel cellular-bulkhead type dolphins ................
Seep-proof screen ..........................‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺿﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ‬ ............................................ ‫ﺩﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬
Seepage .................................................. ‫ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬،‫ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ‬ Steel plate cellular-bulkhead quaywall...............
Seiche .... ‫ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ...................................... ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‬
Seismic coefficient ................................ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬ Steel sheet pile cellular-bulkhead quaywall .......
...................................... ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‬
Semi-container ships ............... ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﺮﻱ‬
Steel sheet pile quaywall ..... ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‬
Semitrailer truck ....................................‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﺮ‬
Stiffeners ............................................... ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
Service conditions ........................... ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
Still water level..................................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
Serviceability limit state ............ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
Stirrups ........................................................ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺕ‬
Setting level of tie rod ................... ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ‬
Storm conditions .................................. ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻧﻲ‬
Settlement .................................................... ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬
Storm surge ......................... ‫ ﺑﺮﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺧﻴﺰﺍﺏ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ‬
Sheet flow ............................................... ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
Storm tide .................................. ‫ ﻛﺸﻨﺪ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ‬،‫ﻣﺪ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ‬
Sheet pile ......................................................... ‫ﺳﭙﺮ‬
Straight asphalt ......................................... ‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬
Sheet pile anchorage ................... ‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﭙﺮ‬
Submerged zone ................................... ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻐﺮﻭﻕ‬
Ship waves ............................................. ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻛﺸﺘﻲ‬
Subsoil ...................................................... ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬/‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
Superstructure ................................. ‫ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ﻋﺮﺷﻪ‬
Surcharge ....................................................... ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ‬
Surf beat ............................................... ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﺧﻴﺰﺍﺏ‬
Surf similarity parameter ................ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Surf zone ............................................... ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
Surging .............................................. ‫ﭘﺲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬
Surging breaker ............................ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﻴﺰﺷﻲ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Suspended sediment .............................. ‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬
Swash zone ............................................. ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
Swaying ............................................ ‫ﭘﻬﻠﻮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻠﻮ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
Swinging mooring ................................. ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‬
T W
Target vessel............................................. ‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
Taut mooring .................................... ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‬
Threshold depth of sediment movement ............
................................................... ‫ﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬
Tension leg platform (tlp) ........ ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬
Threshold wave heights for cargo handling .......
....................... ‫ﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻻ‬
Tidal currents ......... ‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺰﺭﻭﻣﺪﻱ‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻨﺪﻱ‬
Tidal zone ......................................... ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻱ‬
Tolerable damage level ............ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
Tractive force ........................................ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﺶ‬
Training jetties ........... ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺑﺮﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ‬
Transformations of waves ........................ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Transitional embedded length .......... ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬
Transmission ................................................... ‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬
Transverse contraction joint ............ ‫ﺩﺭﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
Transverse expansion joint ............... ‫ﺩﺭﺯ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
Transverse waves ................................... ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
Trapezoidal caisson ......................... ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﺫﻭﺯﻧﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬
Trapped air ....................................... ‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
Turning ................................ ‫ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺯﺩﻥ‬،‫ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬،‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
Turning basin ............................. ‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Typhoon .............................................‫ﮔﺮﺩﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ‬
U Wave trough ................................................ ‫ﻗﻌﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Ultimate bearing capacity ............. ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
Ultimate limit state ........................... ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
Ultimate load .............................................. ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
Unconfined compressive strength ......................
.............................................. ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬
Updrift ........................................................ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ‬
78
Uplift pressure ....................................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
Upright breakwater............................... ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬
Upright wall .............................................. ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬
Upwelling currents ......................... ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬
Utilization factor ............................. ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
V
Vertical breakwater ............................. ‫ﻣﻮﺝﺷﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬
Vessel berthing force ..................‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Vessel pulling force ....................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
Vortices ......................................................... ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻪ‬
Wall body ................................................. ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
Warehouse .................................................. ‫ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻻ‬
Warning signs .....................................‫ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ‬
Waterproofness ......................................... ‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
Wave actions ............................................ ‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave breaking ....................................... ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave chamber .. ‫ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﻣﻮﺝ‬،‫ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave crest ................................................... ‫ﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave development ..................... ‫ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬،‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave diffraction ....................................... ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave direction ............................. ‫ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave energy flux ................................ ‫ﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave hindcasting ................................... ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave observation .................... ‫ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺝ‬،‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave overtopping ................................. ‫ﺭﻭﮔﺬﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave reflection ........................ ‫ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave refraction ....................................... ‫ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave runup ............................................ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave setup .............................................. ‫ﺧﻴﺰﺍﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave shoaling ......................................... ‫ﺧﺰﺵ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave spectrum .......................................... ‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave steepness ......................................... ‫ﺗﻴﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave transformation ............................... ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave transmission .................................... ‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave velocity.......................................... ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave-absorbing block ....................... ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave-dissipating block ................ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave-drift force ................................ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wave-exciting force .................... ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
Wide mound berm .................... ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﭘﺸﺘﻪ‬
 79 ‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

Wind drag coefficient ....................... ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﺴﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ‬

Wind drift currents ........................‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺩ‬
Wind duration ................................. ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ‬
Wind setup ....................................... ‫ﺧﻴﺰﺍﺏ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺩ‬
Wind waves ....................................... ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺩ‬
Wind-blown sand ................................ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬
Windbreaks ..............................................‫ﺑﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﻦﻫﺎ‬

Y
Yawing ................................................. ‫ﺯﻳﮕﺰﺍﮔﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬
Yield load .................................................. ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬
Yield strength ....................................... ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬

Z
Zero-upcrossing method ...... ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
Zeroth moment of the wave spectrum ................
.......................................................... ‫ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪80‬‬
Abstract

This part includes provisions for design of precast concrete units used on port and harbor facilities.
Among those units, caissons, L-shaped blocks, cellular blocks, upright wave-absorbing caissons
and hybrid caissons are mentioned. For each one, dimension determination, design forces of
members and member designs are discussed.
 Islamic Republic of Iran
Vice presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision

Coastal Structures
Design Manual

Part 4: Precast Concrete Units

No. 633

Ministry of Road and Urban Development

Port and Maritime Organization
Deputy of Development and Equipping of Ports Office of Deputy for Strategic Supervision
Department of Coasts and Ports Engineering Department of Technical Affairs
http://coastseng.pmo.ir Nezamfanni.ir

2013
 ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬

‫]ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ[ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L‬ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ ﺟـﺎﺫﺏ ﻣـﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺻـﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛــﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼــﻞﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻧﺸــﺮﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬