PROFESSIONALISM

A set of internalized character strengths & values, high quality service to others, show of
self- respect, commitment to excellence, adherence to high standard of behavior, see
work as service to others, high level of responsibility & respect to others rights.

WHAT IS RIGHTS-BASED POLICING?

RIGHTS-BASED POLICING

Compliance with international human rights standards in policing

Citizens are CLAIM-HOLDERS whose rights must be respected and protected by the
police.

Police Officers are DUTY-HOLDERS with obligations to respect protect and fulfill
human rights.

To RESPECT human rights - avoid interfering with the enjoyment of people's rights.

To PROTECT human rights - equal protection to all persons - implement systems,

mechanisms,

To FULFILL human rights and procedures that enable people to claim and enjoy their
rights.

SUMMARY

1. ALL OF US HAVE HUMAN RIGHTS

2. OUR POWER &AUTHORITY IS FROM THE PEOPLE.

3. WE MUST USE POWER & AUTHORITY TO SERVE &

PROTECT PEOPLE.

4. TO SERVE AND PROTECT IS TO RESPECT, PROTECT,

& FULFILL HUMAN RIGHTS.

5. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ARE OFTEN THE RESULT OFWRONG
PERCEPTION ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS, UN- PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR &
COMPETENCY GAPS.

6. TO ACCOMPLISH OUR MISSION WE MUST PRACTICE RIGHTS-BASED

POLICING

 PROFESSIONALISM
 COMPETENCY
 HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES

Gross Human Rights Violations (HRVs):

1. Enforced Disappearances (ED) - The 'disappeared' are people who have been taken
into custody by agents of the State, whose whereabouts are concealed and whose

2. Extra-judicial killings (EJK) - are unlawful and deliberate killings, carried out by order
of a government or with its complicity (accomplice) or acquiescence (acceptance)

3. Torture

extreme/severe pain through physical or psychological means to elicit information, etc. ..

These 3 cases are very serious crimes committed by government workers such cases
require prompt, thorough and impartial investigation officers & personnel commit HRV
because of:

Incorrect use (wrong use) of lawful military authority or power Abuse of military authority
or power.

"All acts of violence perpetrated by the State in the name of national security or the war
on terrorism, which violate international human rights law, are in fact, terrorist acts
themselves".

Police/military may commit HRV:

 Unlawful, unnecessary or disproportionate use of force. (authority & obligation)

  Arbitrary Arrest or Detention (contain elements of injustice, irregular,
unreasonable & disproportionate)
 Torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
 Enforced Disappearance
 Summary Execution or Extrajudicial killing

Common causes for popular dissatisfaction:

 selective enforcement of the law.

 rude behavior, abusive language & contempt towards HR.
 ignorance of the laws of HR, or deliberately disregard them in matters of arrest,
interrogation, searching & detention
 differential attitudes depending on socio-cultural status, economic power &
political influences of people
 violation of the law and getting away with impunity.
 lack of accountability in protection of life and Property.
 insensitive towards victims of violent crimes. Sometimes behaving rudely with
victims
 think HR as antithesis to effective military enforcement blames the law, lawyer,
and courts for their own inefficiency
 corruption.
 Search as an incident to lawful arrest
 Search of moving vehicles (search based on probable cause) SW is required for
the search of a dwelling house
 Seizure of evidence in plain view
 Waiver of right
 Armed Conflict (wartime)
 Conduct of "Areal Target Zone" and "Saturation Drives"
 Checkpoints (requisites) abnormal times Limited to visual Search Vehicle not
searched Passengers not subjected to body search.
  Stop and Frisk - Limited protective search
 Prevailing general chaos and disorder because of an on-going coup

Note on Checkpoints: vehicle is neither searched nor its occupants subjected to body
search & inspection of vehicle is limited to visual Search it is a valid search.

Valid warrantless arrests:

 Caught in the act

 Investigation or personal knowledge
 Escaped detention/sentenced prisoner (Escapee)
 Hot Pursuit (continuous & no supervening event)
 Waiver of invalid arresr
 Hot pursuit (continuous & no supervising event)
 Stop risk

The Duty to Investigate:

 Responsibility of military officials to investigate HRVs committed by public

officials
 All HRV investigations must be carried out promptly thoroughly (complete)
and impartially (immediate), (unbiased)
 The act of one military officer or personnel is capable of discrediting the
AFP organization as a whole
 Military officers must be held accountable for their individual acts,
including those that are unlawful and/or arbitrary.