Eb 89 Citizenship en

Standard Eurobarometer 89
Spring 2018
Report
European citizenship
Fieldwork
March 2018
Survey requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission,

Directorate-General for Communication
This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.
The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.
Standard Eurobarometer 89 – Wave EB89.1

Kantar Public Brussels on behalf of TNS opinion & social
Report
Fieldwork: March 2018
Survey carried out by Kantar Public Brussels on behalf of TNS opinion & social at the request of the European Commission,
Directorate-General for Communication
Survey coordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication

(DG COMM “Media Monitoring, Media Analysis and Eurobarometer” unit)
Project number 2018.2739
Project title Standard Eurobarometer 89
“European citizenship”
Report
Language version EN
Catalogue number NA-01-18-460-EN-N
ISBN 978-92-79-85666-2
doi:10.2775/133636
© European Union, 2018
http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion

Spring 2018
Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 3
I. ATTACHMENT TO THE COUNTRY, THE EUROPEAN UNION AND EUROPE 5
II. THE EUROPEAN UNION’S ACHIEVEMENTS 20
III. EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP 29
1 The sense of European citizenship 29
a. Update on the sense of European citizenship 29
b. The different levels of citizenship 35
c. The factors which do the most to create a feeling of community 41
2 Rights as European citizens 45
IV. SOCIAL ISSUES AND VALUES 50
1. The existence of shared European values 50
2. The personal values of Europeans 53
a. Things in common in the respondent’s country 70
b. Understanding today’s world 73
c. Immigrants 76
d. Refugees 79
e. The quality of life “was better before” 82
f. Confidence in the future 85
ANNEXES
Technical specifications

2
Spring 2018
Report
INTRODUCTION
The Standard Eurobarometer survey 89 was carried out between 13 and 28 March 20181 in 34
countries and territories: the 28 Member States of the European Union, the five candidate countries
(the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Montenegro, Serbia and Albania) and the Turkish
Cypriot Community in the part of the country not controlled by the government of the Republic of
Cyprus.
This volume of the Standard Eurobarometer survey of spring 2018 (EB89) analyses the opinions of
European citizens on European identity and citizenship in the following areas:
 Attachment to the European Union, compared in particular with their attachment to their
city, village or country;
 Perceptions of the European Union’s achievements: what are the European Union’s most
positive results in the eyes of Europeans?
 The concept of European citizenship: do Europeans see themselves as European citizens?
What factors create a sense of European citizenship? Do they know their rights as European
citizens? Do they want information about these rights?
 Societal issues and values: do Europeans feel that they have a clear understanding of what
is happening in today’s world? Are the Member States close or distant in terms of shared
values? Do people in their country have a lot in common? What values best represent the
European Union? And what are their personal values?
 The speed of European integration: What do Europeans think is the current speed of
European integration, and what speed would they like?
The full Standard Eurobarometer 89 survey report consists of several volumes. The first volume
presents the results of the general questions on the state of public opinion in the European Union,
and economic issues in the European Union. Four other volumes present the views of Europeans on
the following subjects: the European Union’s priorities, the budget of the European Union, European
citizenship and the future of Europe. This volume is devoted to European citizenship.

1
Please refer to the technical specifications for information on the exact dates of the interviews in each country.
3
Spring 2018
Report
The methodology used is that of the Standard Eurobarometer surveys of the Directorate-General for
Communication (“Media monitoring, media analysis and Eurobarometer” unit) 2 . The same
methodology has been applied in all the countries and territories covered by the survey. A technical
note describing how the institutes within the TNS opinion & social network conduct the interviews is
appended to this report. This note also indicates the confidence intervals3 which enable us to assess
the accuracy of a survey’s results, according to the size of the sample polled in relation to the total
size of the population studied.
Note: the abbreviations used in this report correspond to:
Belgium BE Lithuania LT
Bulgaria BG Luxembourg LU
Czech Republic CZ Hungary HU
Denmark DK Malta MT
Germany DE The Netherlands NL
Estonia EE Austria AT
Ireland IE Poland PL
Greece EL Portugal PT
Spain ES Romania RO
France FR Slovenia SI
Croatia HR Slovakia SK
Italy IT Finland FI
Republic of Cyprus CY* Sweden SE
Latvia LV United Kingdom UK
Turkish Cypriot Community CY (tcc)
Albania AL Turkey TR
Montenegro ME Serbia RS
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia MK**
European Union – weighted average for the 28 Member States of the European Union EU28
BE, FR, IT, LU, DE, AT, ES, PT, IE, NL, FI, EL, EE, SI, CY, MT, SK, LV, LT Euro area
BG, CZ, DK, HR, HU, PL, RO, SE, UK Non-euro area
* Cyprus as a whole is one of the 28 European Union Member States. However, the “acquis communautaire” has been suspended in the
part of the country not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews carried out in the
part of the country controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the “CY” category and in the EU28 average. The
interviews carried out in the part of the country not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the “CY (tcc)”
category [tcc: Turkish Cypriot Community]
** Provisional abbreviation which in no way prejudges the definitive name of this country, which will be agreed once the current negotiations
at the United Nations have been concluded.
We wish to thank all the people interviewed

throughout Europe who took the time to participate in this survey.
Without their active participation, this survey would not have been possible.

2
http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/
3
The results tables are appended hereto. It should be noted that the total of the percentages indicated in the tables in this report may
exceed 100% when respondents had the possibility to choose several answers to the same question.
4
Spring 2018
Report
I. ATTACHMENT TO THE COUNTRY, THE EUROPEAN UNION AND EUROPE
A majority of respondents continue to feel attached to the European Union

More than half of Europeans feel attached at the four levels about which they were asked4:
 89% feel attached to their “city/town/village” (unchanged since autumn 2017), including
53% who feel very attached to it;
 93% feel attached to their “country” (+1 percentage point since autumn 2017), including
57% very attached;
 More than half say that they feel attached to the “European Union” (56%, +1), although
this score remains below that for the local and national levels, especially as regards the
proportion who feel “very attached” (14%, =);
 Lastly, two in three respondents feel attached to “Europe” (65%, +1). However, only
18% (=) feel very attached to it.

4
QD1. Please tell me how attached you feel to … Your city/town/village; (OUR COUNTRY); The European Union; Europe
5
Spring 2018
Report
The attachment of Europeans to their city/town/village and country

In all of the 28 EU Member States, more than seven in ten respondents feel attached to
their city/town/village, with the highest scores in Greece and Portugal (97% in both countries), and
Austria and Cyprus (both 96%). In contrast, the lowest scores were recorded in the Netherlands (71%),
Malta (79%), France (80%), Sweden (83%) and Belgium (84%).
Respondents in Greece are the most likely to feel “very attached” to their city/town/village (84%),
compared to a third of respondents in the Netherlands (33%) who feel the same way.
6
Spring 2018
Report
In all EU 28 Member States, more than 80% of respondents feel attached to their country,
and this is almost unanimous in Greece, Cyprus and Portugal (99% in each country). The lowest scores
were recorded in Belgium (83%), and Croatia and Spain (86% in each country).
Respondents in Denmark (85%) and Greece (84%) are the most likely to say they feel “very attached”
to their country, while only 39% of respondents in Belgium say the same.
7
Spring 2018
Report
Respondents in 21 EU Member States (compared with 20 in autumn 2017) feel more attached to
their country than to their city/town/village. This is particularly true in the Netherlands (89% feel
attached to their country while 71% feel attached to their city/town/village), France (93% and 80%),
Malta (91% and 79%) and Sweden (94% and 83%). The situation is the opposite in five countries,
where attachment to the city/town/village is stronger; this is particularly true in Spain (86% and 93%)
and Croatia (86% and 91%). Lastly, respondents in Bulgaria and Slovakia feel equally attached to
their city/town/village and their country.
8
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that:

 A large majority in all socio-demographic categories feel attached to their
city/town/village. Attachment increases with age (from 83% of 15-24 year-olds to 92%
among those aged 55+), and decreases slightly with education (94% of those who left school
at the age of 15 or earlier and 88% of those who studied up to the age of 20 and beyond);
 A very large majority of respondents in all the socio-demographic categories also feel
attached to their country. This attachment is particularly strong among Europeans aged
55+ (95%) and retired people (95%), as well as managers (95%).
9
Spring 2018
Report
The following tables shows the results by socio-demographic criteria in the European Union as a
whole (EU28 average), in the six largest EU countries and in the countries benefiting or having
benefited from European Union support to deal with the financial and economic crisis.
10
Spring 2018
Report
11
Spring 2018
Report
Attachment to the European Union and Europe

A national analysis reveals significant differences between Member States as regards attachment to
the European Union. In 20 countries (compared with 19 in autumn 2017), a majority of
respondents feel attached to the European Union, most strikingly in Luxembourg (79%), Poland
and Latvia (71% in both countries) and Germany (69%). In seven EU Member States, a minority
do so, in particular in Greece (37% “attached”, vs. 63% “not attached”), the Czech Republic (38% vs.
60%) and Cyprus (39% vs. 60%). Respondents are evenly divided in Croatia (49% vs. 49%).
Since autumn 2017 attachment to the EU has increased in 17 EU Member States, most notably in
Poland (71%, +5 percentage points) and Sweden (51%, +4, where a majority of respondents now feel
attached to the EU). On the other hand, it has decreased in seven countries, most strongly in Spain
(64%, -7), Malta (61%, -5) and Austria (51%, -4). Lastly, it is stable in four countries: the Czech
Republic, Greece, the Netherlands and Finland.
12
Spring 2018
Report
13
Spring 2018
Report
A majority of respondents in 26 EU Member States feel attached to Europe (the same

number as in autumn 2017), with the highest levels in Denmark (81%), and Luxembourg and Sweden
(80% in both countries). However only a minority of respondents feel attached to Europe in Greece
(42% “attached”, vs. 58% “not attached”) and Cyprus (43% vs. 56%); this was also the case in autumn
2017.
Since autumn 2017 the proportion of respondents who feel attached to Europe has increased in 15
countries, led by Poland (78%, +6 percentage points) and Estonia (60%, +5). However, it has
decreased in ten Member States, most strongly in Spain (67%, -6). It is unchanged in Belgium, Malta
and Portugal.
In all 28 EU Member States, respondents are more likely to feel attached to Europe than to the
European Union.

14
Spring 2018
Report
15
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that the extent to which respondents feel attached to
the European Union varies considerably between categories:
 A majority of both men and women feel attached to the EU, although this is slightly higher
for men (58% “attached”, vs. 41% “not attached”) than women (54% vs. 43%);
 A majority of Europeans who studied up to the age of 20 and beyond (66% vs. 33%) feel
attached to the EU, compared with only a minority of those who left school at the age of 15 or
earlier (43% vs. 54%);
 A minority of unemployed people (44% vs. 52%) and housepersons (47% vs. 51%) feel
attached to the European Union. However, a majority of respondents in the other socio-
professional categories feel attached to the EU, most notably managers (68% vs. 31%) and
students (66% vs. 33%).
 Those who struggle to pay their bills are less likely to feel attached to the EU. A majority of
those who never or almost never have such difficulties do so (60% vs. 38%), compared with a
minority of those who have financial difficulties most of the time (35% vs. 62%);
 Lastly, this attachment is shared by a large proportion of those who see themselves as upper
class (75% vs. 25%), and by a majority in other class groups, with the exception of those who
see themselves as working class (46% vs. 51%);
 A majority of respondents feel attached to Europe in almost all socio-demographic
categories, led by those who studied up to the age of 20 and beyond (76%), managers (78%),
students (74%) and those who see themselves as upper middle class (78%) or upper class
(79%). The only exceptions are those who have difficulties paying their bills most of the time
(42% vs. 55%). Respondents in all socio-demographic categories feel more attached to Europe
than to the European Union.
16
Spring 2018
Report
17
Spring 2018
Report
The following tables show the results by socio-demographic criteria in the European Union as a whole
(EU28 average), in the six largest EU countries and in the countries benefiting or having benefited
from European Union support to deal with the financial and economic crisis.
18
Spring 2018
Report
19
Spring 2018
Report
II. THE EUROPEAN UNION’S ACHIEVEMENTS
More than half of respondents think that peace and freedom of movement are the
European Union’s most positive results
For Europeans, two achievements clearly stand out as the European Union’s most positive results5. A
majority of respondents mention “the free movement of people, goods and services within the
EU” (58%, +1 percentage point since autumn 2017) and “peace among the Member States of
the EU” (54%, -2), both at least 30 percentage points higher than the other achievements tested.
In joint third place, “student exchange programmes such as ERASMUS” (24%, -1 percentage
point) and “the euro” (24%, -1) are mentioned by fewer than a quarter of respondents.
These are followed by “the economic power of the EU” (21%, +1 percentage point) and “the
political and diplomatic influence of the EU in the rest of the world” (21%, +1), ahead of “the
level of social welfare (healthcare, education, pensions) in the EU” (18%, no change).
“The Common Agricultural Policy” is mentioned by 10% of respondents (=).
Lastly, 7% (=) of respondents spontaneously say that there are no positive achievements on the list.
Maximum three answers

5
QD4T. Which of the following do you think is the most positive” result of the EU? Firstly? And then?
20
Spring 2018
Report
“The free movement of people, goods and services within the EU” is seen as the most positive
result in 20 EU Member States, led by Lithuania (80%), Bulgaria (75%), and Estonia and Poland (73%
in both countries), with by far the lowest scores in France and Malta (40% in both countries).
21
Spring 2018
Report
“Peace among the Member States of the EU” is seen as the European Union’s most positive result
in seven countries: Germany (74%), Denmark (71%), Luxembourg (67%), Cyprus (64%), France (58%),
Belgium (53%) and Malta (48%). It is also frequently mentioned in Sweden, where it is the joint
highest answer along with “the free movement of people, goods and services within the EU” (72% for
both answers).
22
Spring 2018
Report
In joint third place overall in Europe, “student exchange programmes such as ERASMUS” were
mentioned the most frequently in Hungary (39%) and the Czech Republic (37%), and the least
frequently in Germany (14%) and the Netherlands (16%).
23
Spring 2018
Report
“The euro” obtained its highest scores in euro area countries, most notably in Ireland (52%), Finland
and Luxembourg (45% in both countries) and the Netherlands (43%). In fact, the 15 highest ranked
countries are all in the euro area. The six lowest scores are all recorded in non-euro area countries,
namely the United Kingdom (4%), Denmark and the Czech Republic (6% in both countries), Sweden
(7%), Bulgaria (8%) and Poland (10%).
Since autumn 2017, scores for “the free movement of people, goods and services within the EU” have
increased in 17 EU Member States, in particular in Poland (73%, +7 percentage points) and Croatia
(72%, +6), while the score has fallen the most in Malta (40%, -7). By contrast, scores for “peace
among the Member States of the EU” have fallen in 17 countries, most notably in Estonia (49%, -7)
and the United Kingdom (47%, -6).
Scores for “student exchange programmes such as ERASMUS” have increased the most in Croatia
(30%, +6) and have fallen the most in Malta (29%, -6). The largest increase in scores for “the euro”
is recorded in Finland (45%, +7), while scores have fallen by an equivalent amount in Malta (39%, -
7) and Belgium (38%, -7). For both of these answers, scores have increased in 10 countries, fallen in
15 countries and stayed the same in three.
24
Spring 2018
Report
Four most frequently mentioned items – Maximum three answers

25
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that “peace among the Member States” and “the free
movement of people, goods and services within the EU” are seen as the most positive results
of the European Union in all categories.
26
Spring 2018
Report
27
Spring 2018
Report
28
Spring 2018
Report
III. EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP
1 The sense of European citizenship
a. Update on the sense of European citizenship
More than two-thirds of Europeans feel that they are citizens of the EU
Seven in ten respondents (70%) feel that they are citizens of the European Union
(unchanged since autumn 2017)6. This is the highest score that has ever been recorded (jointly with
autumn 2017), and there has been a steady increase since autumn 2015 (64%). Moreover, 29%
(unchanged since autumn 2017) answer “yes, definitely”. However, around three in ten Europeans do
not share this feeling of citizenship (29%, -1), while 1% (unchanged) gave a “don’t know” response.

6
QD2.1. For each of the following statements, please tell me to what extent it corresponds or not to your own opinion. You feel that you
are a citizen of the EU
29
Spring 2018
Report
In this Standard Eurobarometer survey of spring 2018, euro area respondents (71%, -1 percentage
point) are slightly more likely than non-euro area respondents (66%, +1) to feel that they are
citizens of the EU.
In all 28 EU Member States (compared with 27 in autumn 2017 when Greece was the one
exception), a majority of respondents see themselves as citizens of the European Union,
most notably in Luxembourg (93%), Ireland (85%), Germany (84%), Portugal (83%), and Malta and
Spain (82% in both countries). This is the first time since 2010 that a majority of respondents in all
EU countries feel this way. Respondents in Greece and Bulgaria (51% in both countries) are the least
likely to feel that they are citizens of the EU, followed by those in Italy (56%), the United Kingdom
(57%) and the Czech Republic (59%).
30
Spring 2018
Report
Respondents in Luxembourg are by far the most likely to say that they ‘definitely’ feel they are citizens
of the European Union (70%), followed by those in Ireland (46%), Germany (43%) and Estonia (40%).
The lowest proportions are seen in Greece (15%), and Italy and Croatia (16% in both countries).
Order on Total ‘Yes’
Order on ‘Yes, definitely’
31
Spring 2018
Report
Since autumn 2017 the sense of European citizenship has gained ground in 17 EU Member States,
most notably in Slovakia (80%, +5 percentage points), but also in Greece where it is now the majority
view (51% “yes”, vs. 49% “no”, compared with 48% vs. 52% in autumn 2017). However, it has lost
ground in eight countries, in particular in Spain (82%, -6) and Bulgaria (51%, -5). It is unchanged in
Estonia, the Netherlands and Slovenia.
32
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that a majority of respondents in almost all socio-

demographic categories feel that they are European citizens. Those who struggle to pay their bills
most of the time are an exception to this general pattern, since only a minority of them feel that they
are citizens of the EU (47% “yes”, vs. 51% “no”).
33
Spring 2018
Report
34
Spring 2018
Report
b. The different levels of citizenship
A majority of Europeans see themselves first as citizens of their country, then as

European citizens
More than six in ten respondents share a sense of European citizenship (63% say they feel
“nationality and European”, “European and nationality” or “European only”, no change since autumn
2017)7. Conversely, more than a third define themselves solely by their nationality (35%, no change).
The overall score for European citizenship combines three answers with very different figures:
 55% of Europeans define themselves first of all by their nationality and then by
their European citizenship (“nationality and European” answer, +1 percentage point since
autumn 2017);
 Next, to a far lesser extent, 6% see themselves first of all European citizens then as
nationals of their country (“European and nationality” answer, -1);
 Lastly, 2% see themselves as “European only” (=).

7
QD3. Do you see yourself as… ?
35
Spring 2018
Report
Euro area respondents (66%, no change since autumn 2017) are more likely than non-euro area
respondents (57%, +1) to see themselves as European citizens.
The overall sense of European citizenship (total of “nationality and European”, “European and
nationality” and “European only” answers) is shared by a majority of respondents in 26 EU
Member States (as in autumn 2017), led by Luxembourg (87%), Hungary (75%), Spain (74%) and
Germany, the Netherlands and Malta (71% in all three countries). In the two remaining Member
States, Greece and the United Kingdom, a majority of respondents see themselves as nationals only
(51% of answers “(NATIONALITY) only” in both countries).
Since autumn 2017 the sense of European citizenship has gained ground in 15 EU Member States,
most strikingly in Slovakia (65%, +8 percentage points) and in Poland (67%, +5). However, it has lost
ground in ten countries, most notably in Spain (74%, -8), while it is unchanged in Ireland, Malta and
Romania.
36
Spring 2018
Report
37
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that the sense of European citizenship is shared by a majority
of respondents in nearly all socio-demographic categories.
38
Spring 2018
Report
39
Spring 2018
Report
40
Spring 2018
Report
c. The factors which do the most to create a feeling of

community
More than a quarter of Europeans say that culture contributes the most to creating a
feeling of community among European Union citizens
In order to better understand the key factors in European citizenship, respondents were asked to
choose, from a list of 12 items, “those that most create a feeling of community among EU citizens”8:
 “Culture” is still the factor contributing most to a feeling of community among European
Union citizens (29%, +1 percentage point since autumn 2017);
 In joint second place, “history” (23%, +1) and “values” (23%, no change) are mentioned by
nearly a quarter of Europeans;
 Two more items are also mentioned by at least one in five respondents: “the economy” (21%,
unchanged), and “geography” (20%, +1);
 The “the rule of law” (19%, -1) now ranks equally with “sports” (19%, +1);
 Three items are mentioned by around one in seven respondents: “solidarity with poorer
regions” (14%, =), “healthcare, education and pensions” (13%, =) and “inventions,
science and technology” (13%, +1). These are followed by “languages” (11%, -1);
 In twelfth and last place, “religion” is mentioned by fewer than one in ten respondents (8%, -
1).

8
QD5. In your opinion, among the following issues, which are those that most create a feeling of community among European Union
citizens?
41
Spring 2018
Report
The chart below showing the long-term trend reveals that “culture” has topped the list of items
since spring 2013, following a large increase between spring 2012 and spring 2013.
42
Spring 2018
Report
A national analysis reveals significant variations between Member States. “Culture” is in first place
in 11 countries (compared with 16 in autumn 2017), with its highest score in Malta (39%) and its
lowest in Croatia (20%).
“History” tops the list in four Member States (compared with just one in autumn 2017), with its
highest and lowest scores in the Czech Republic (35%) and Cyprus (12%) respectively.
“Values” also ranks highest in four countries (compared with one in autumn 2017), with the highest
score in Finland (34%), and the lowest in Latvia (14%).
“The economy” is seen as the most unifying factor by respondents in two Member States (compared
with one in autumn 2017), with its highest score in the Netherlands (34%) and its lowest score in
Slovakia and Bulgaria (14% in both countries).
In three countries (compared with four in autumn 2017), “geography” tops the list, though it ranks
only fifth in the European average. “Geography” obtained its highest score in the Netherlands (41%)
and its lowest in Cyprus (9%).
“Sports” is ranked first in Ireland and Slovenia (32% in both countries); this was in first place in the
same two countries in autumn 2017. Respondents in Bulgaria and Portugal (both 9%) are least likely
to mention this item.
Lastly, respondents in Italy mention “culture” and “history” jointly as the factors that most create a
feeling of community among EU citizens (both 24%), while respondents in Romania do the same with
“culture” and “values” (both 21%).
43
Spring 2018
Report

44
Spring 2018
Report
2 Rights as European citizens
A majority of Europeans know their rights as citizens of the EU, but two-thirds say they
would like to know more
More than half of Europeans say that they know their rights as citizens of the European
Union (54%, unchanged since autumn 2017)9, while just under half do not share this opinion (45%,
=) and 1% (=) answered “don’t know”.
However, two-thirds of respondents would like to know more about their rights as citizens
of the European Union (67%, down one percentage point since autumn 2017, including 26% who
answered “yes, definitely”, =)10. However, almost a third of respondents do not want more information
on this subject (31%, +1 percentage point).

9
QD2.2. For each of the following statements, please tell me to what extent it corresponds or not to your opinion. You know what your
rights are as a citizen of the EU
10
QD2.3. For each of the following statements, please tell me to what extent it corresponds or not to your opinion. You would like to know
more about your rights as a citizen of the EU
45
Spring 2018
Report
46
Spring 2018
Report
A majority of respondents in 21 EU Member States (compared with 20 in autumn 2017) feel that
they know their rights as citizens of the European Union, most strikingly in Luxembourg (76%),
Finland (73%), Poland (71%) and Germany (70%). This applies to only a minority of respondents in
six countries: France (66% “no”, vs. 33% “yes”), Bulgaria (63% vs. 34%), Italy (61% vs. 38%), Greece
(58% vs. 42%), Croatia (54% vs. 45%) and the Czech Republic (53% vs. 45%). In Belgium, there is an
even split in responses (50% vs. 50%).
A majority of respondents would like to know more about their rights as citizens of the
European Union in 27 EU Member States (the same number as in autumn 2017), led by Cyprus
(94%), Malta (79%) and Spain (78%). As in autumn 2017, the United Kingdom is the only country
where a majority do not want to learn more about their rights (45% “yes”, vs. 52% “no”).
47
Spring 2018
Report
In terms of evolutions since autumn 2017, the proportion of respondents who say that they know
their rights as citizens of the European Union has risen in 14 EU Member States, most notably in
Romania (50%, +8 percentage points) and Cyprus (63%, +7), but has fallen in 12 countries, in
particular in Bulgaria (34% -6), while the proportion is stable in Belgium and Denmark.
The desire to learn more about the rights of citizens of the European Union has increased since
autumn 2017 in 10 EU Member States, most notably in the Czech Republic (68%, +6 percentage
points), but has weakened in 16 countries, in particular in Sweden (69%, -8). The desire for more
information is unchanged in Latvia and Poland.
48
Spring 2018
Report
49
Spring 2018
Report
IV. SOCIAL ISSUES AND VALUES
1. The existence of shared European values

A majority (53%) of respondents consider that the Member States of the European Union
are “close” in terms of shared values (+1 percentage point since autumn 2017)11, while more
than four in ten think that they are “distant” (41%, unchanged), and 6% (-1) answered “don’t know”.
A majority of respondents in 24 countries (compared with 22 in autumn 2017) think that the Member
States of the European Union are close in terms of shared values. This view is the most widely held
in Ireland (77%), the Czech Republic (70%) and Poland (69%). A majority of respondents in four
countries believe that they are distant: in Latvia (64% “distant”, vs. 32% “close”), France (56% vs.
39%), Belgium (58% vs. 41%) and Spain (52% vs. 42%).

11
QD8. In your opinion, in terms of shared values, are EU Member States...?
50
Spring 2018
Report
In terms of evolutions since autumn 2017, the feeling that the Member States of the European Union
are close in terms of shared values has gained ground in 13 countries, led by Ireland (77%, +8
percentage points), Greece (51%, +8) and Poland (69%, +7), but has decreased in 10 EU Member
States, most notably in Spain (42%, -10) and Belgium (41%, -6). In five countries, this feeling has
remained unchanged.
As a result of these evolutions, a majority of respondents now feel that Member States are close in
terms of values in Greece (51% “close” vs. 46% “distant”, compared with 43% vs. 55% in autumn
2017), Cyprus (50% “close” vs. 45% “distant”, compared with 45% vs. 50% in autumn 2017) and
Sweden (51% “close” vs. 47% “distant”, compared with 47% vs. 51% in autumn 2017), but this is
now the minority view in Spain (42% vs. 52%, compared with 52% vs. 42%).
51
Spring 2018
Report
52
Spring 2018
Report
2. The personal values of Europeans

Three values continue to head the list of values that matter most to Europeans
personally: peace, human rights and respect for human life
In order to determine the values which matter the most to Europeans personally, respondents were
asked to choose up to three values from a list of 1212:
 “Peace” continues to top the list of the personal values of Europeans (45%, unchanged
since autumn 2017), and this remains three percentage points ahead of “human rights” (42%,
=);
 The only other item mentioned by more than a third of respondents, “respect for human life”,
completes the leading trio of values that matter most to Europeans (37%, +1 percentage point);
 Next, three values are mentioned by more than one in five respondents: “democracy” (27%,
-1), in fourth position ahead of “individual freedom” (24%, =) and “equality” (21%, +1);
 The next three values are each mentioned by around one in six respondents: “the rule of law”
remains in seventh place (18%, =), ahead of “tolerance” (16%, =), still in eighth place but now
equal with “solidarity” (16%, +1);
 Lastly, three other values are mentioned by fewer than one in ten respondents: “respect for
other cultures” (9%, =), now equal in tenth place with “self-fulfilment” (9%, +1), ahead of
“religion” (5%, -1), once again in twelfth and last place.

12
QD6. In the following list, which are the three most important values for you personally?
53
Spring 2018
Report
The national analysis shows that the three most frequently mentioned values at European level are
the only ones that also top the list of the values that matter most personally in each of the 28 EU
Member States.
In 16 EU Member States (compared with 18 in autumn 2017), “peace” is the value that matters most
to respondents. It obtains its highest score in the Czech Republic and Estonia (56% in both countries),
and its lowest in Romania (26%).
“Human rights” occupy first place in six EU Member States (as in autumn 2017): Cyprus (61%),
Sweden (59%), Denmark (49%), Spain (48%), Poland (46%) and Romania (40%). Respondents in
Malta (29%) are the least likely to mention this value.
“Peace” and “human rights” share first place in Latvia (51% for both values).
“Respect for human life” tops the list of personal values in two countries (just one in autumn
2017): Ireland (53%) and Italy (39%). Respondents in Slovakia (26%) are the least likely to mention
“respect for human life”.
“Peace” and “respect for human life” share first place in the United Kingdom (41% for both values)
and Belgium (40%). In Portugal, “human rights” and “respect for human life” share first place (42%
for both values).
Since autumn 2017, two values have undergone national evolutions of ten or more percentage points.
The proportion of respondents mentioning “peace” has decreased in 10 EU Member States, led by
Malta (45%, -10 percentage points), while it has increased in 13 countries and is unchanged in five
others.
Mentions of “human rights” have declined in 13 EU Member States, in particular in Malta (29%, -16
percentage points). However, this item is also up in 13 countries and stable in Italy and the United
Kingdom.

54
Spring 2018
Report
In addition, there have been a number of changes of more than five percentage points for mentions
of “respect for human life”. This has increased in 17 EU Member States, most notably in
Luxembourg (46%, +7 percentage points) and Portugal (42%, +7). On the other hand, it has decreased
in eight countries, in particular in Cyprus (44%, -6) and Croatia (31%, -6), and is unchanged in three
EU Member States.
55
Spring 2018
Report

56
Spring 2018
Report
from European Union support to deal with the financial and economic.
57
Spring 2018
Report
58
Spring 2018
Report
59
Spring 2018
Report
3 The values that best represent the European Union

For Europeans, peace, human rights and democracy are the values that best represent
the European Union

Using the same list of 12 values as for the previous question, respondents were then asked to choose
those that they feel best represent the European Union13. They could give up to three answers:
 “Peace” stands out as the value best representing the European Union (39%, -1 percentage
point since autumn 2017), followed by “human rights” (33%, =) in second place, now ahead
of “democracy” (32%, -1) in third position;
 In fourth place, mentioned by more than one in five respondents, is “the rule of law” (22%,
=);
 “Solidarity” has gained ground slightly and is now ranked fifth (18%, +2), ahead of “respect
for human life” (16%, +1) in sixth place, and “individual freedom” (15%, -1), which is now
down to seventh place;
 “Respect for other cultures” (14%, +1) stands in eighth place, ahead of “equality” and
“tolerance” (both 12%, =), which are equal in ninth place;
 Lastly, “self-fulfilment” (4%, =) and “religion” (3%, =) are rarely mentioned by respondents.

13
QD7. In the following list, which values best represent the EU?
60
Spring 2018
Report
There are three values that occupy first place in each of the 28 EU Member States, and these are the
same three values that are most closely associated with the European Union at European level.
“Peace” leads the values that best represent the European Union in 19 countries (compared with 17
in autumn 2017). It obtained its highest score in Sweden and the Netherlands (53% in both countries),
and its lowest in Portugal (24%).
In six EU Member States (as in autumn 2017), “human rights” top the list: Belgium (46%), Cyprus
(43%), Latvia (41%), Ireland (35%), Romania (33%) and the United Kingdom (30%). “Human rights”
obtained the lowest score in Italy (23%).
“Democracy” is ranked first in three countries (compared with four in autumn 2017): Croatia (40%),
Spain (35%) and Portugal (30%). However, it obtained its highest score in Denmark and Sweden (46%
in both countries), and its lowest in the United Kingdom (23%).
Since autumn 2017 there have been evolutions of ten percentage points for two values. The
proportion of respondents mentioning “democracy” has increased in 11 EU Member States and also
decreased in 11 countries, notably Malta (29%, -10 percentage points), and is unchanged in six.
The proportion of respondents for whom “respect for human life” is one of the values that best
represent the European Union has decreased in ten Member States, most strikingly in Malta (12%,
-10). However, it has increased in 13 EU Member States and is unchanged in five.
In addition, both “peace” and “human rights” have seen more than one evolution of more than five
percentage points. Mentions of “peace” have increased in eight EU Member States, but have
decreased in 15 countries, most strongly in Sweden (53%, -8) and Romania (25%, -7). It is unchanged
in five countries.
“Human rights” has gained ground in 11 EU Member States, but has lost ground in 13 countries,
most notably Malta (24%, -7) and the United Kingdom (30%, -6), and is stable in four countries.
61
Spring 2018
Report
62
Spring 2018
Report
63
Spring 2018
Report
The order of the values that matter most to Europeans personally is different from that of the values
that best represent the European Union. For example, “respect for human life” is third among the
personal values of Europeans (37%), but is only sixth among the values most closely associated with
the European Union (16%). Similarly, seven other values are mentioned more frequently at personal
than at European Union level: “peace” (45% vs. 39%), “human rights” (42% vs. 33%), “individual
freedom” (24% vs. 15%), “equality” (21% vs. 12%), “tolerance” (16% vs. 12%), “self-fulfilment”
(9% vs. 4%) and “religion” (5% vs. 3%).
In contrast, “democracy” (32% at EU level vs. 27% personally), “the rule of law” (22% vs. 18%),
“solidarity” (18% vs. 16%) and “respect for other cultures” (14% vs. 9%) are more likely to be
seen as values associated with the European Union than as values that count the most personally.
64
Spring 2018
Report
65
Spring 2018
Report
66
Spring 2018
Report
67
Spring 2018
Report


68
Spring 2018
Report
4 Social issues
Europeans continue to be divided as to the contribution of immigrants to their country
Respondents were asked a series of questions on social issues14:
 More than three-quarters of respondents agree that “people in (OUR COUNTRY) have
a lot in common” (77%, +1 percentage point since autumn 2017), while more than a fifth
disagree (21%, unchanged) and 2% (-1) answered “don’t know”;
 Seven in ten respondents agree with the statement that “you understand well what is
going on in today’s world” (70%, unchanged since autumn 2017), while less than three in ten
Europeans feel they do not understand today’s world (28%, =);
 A similar proportion of respondents “have confidence in the future” (69%, +1), while
28% (-1) are pessimistic. Only 3% (=) answered “don’t know”;
 Two-thirds of Europeans agree that “(OUR COUNTRY) should help refugees” (67%,
unchanged since autumn 2017), while 27% (=) take the opposite view and 6% (=) expressed
no opinion;
 More than half the respondents share the view that “overall [their] quality of life […]
was better before” (51%, unchanged), while more than four in ten respondents disagree
(42%, -1) and 7% (+1) expressed no opinion;
 Lastly, a narrow majority of Europeans agree that “immigrants contribute a lot to
(OUR COUNTRY)” (48%, unchanged), while 45% (=) take the opposite view and 7% (=)
answered “don’t know”.

14
QD9. To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? The State intervenes too much in our lives;
Immigrants contribute a lot to (OUR COUNTRY); People in (OUR COUNTRY) have a lot of things in common; You understand well what is
going on in today’s world; (OUR COUNTRY) should help refugees; Overall, regarding your quality of life, it was better before; You have
confidence in the future
69
Spring 2018
Report
a. Things in common in the respondent’s country
More than six in ten respondents in all Member States say that “people in their country
have a lot of things in common”. This view is the most widespread in Ireland (96%), Cyprus (94%),
and Portugal and Sweden (92% in both countries). It is the least prevalent in France (61%) – the only
country where more than a third of the population (35%) disagree with this statement – and in
Slovenia and Luxembourg (67% in both countries).
70
Spring 2018
Report
Since autumn 2017 the proportion of respondents who agree that “people in (OUR COUNTRY) have a
lot of things in common” has increased in 12 EU Member States, most notably in Luxembourg (67%,
+9 percentage points). It has decreased in 11 countries, most strikingly in Malta (79%, -9). It is stable
in five Member States.
71
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that at least seven in ten respondents in all socio-
demographic categories agree that “people in (OUR COUNTRY) have a lot of things in common”, and
variations between groups are relatively minor.
72
Spring 2018
Report
b. Understanding today’s world
More than half the respondents in 27 EU Member States, as in autumn 2017, feel that they
have a good grasp of what is going on in today’s world. This is particularly true in Cyprus (92%),
the Netherlands and Ireland (both 88%), Denmark (86%), Sweden (85%) and Finland (84%). The
Czech Republic remains the only country where less than half of respondents share this view, although
equal proportions now agree and disagree (49% for both answers).
73
Spring 2018
Report
Since autumn 2017 the proportion of respondents who agree that they “understand well what is going
on in today’s world” has increased in 15 EU Member States, most strikingly in Portugal (68%, +7
percentage points). It has decreased in seven countries, in particular in Bulgaria (63%, -8), while it is
stable in six EU Member States.
74
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that a majority of respondents in all socio-demographic

categories consider that they have a good grasp of what is going on in today’s world. There are,
however, some significant variations, in particular between Europeans who studied up to the age of
20 and beyond (78%) and managers (84%), and those who left school at the age of 15 or earlier and
house persons (both 56%).
75
Spring 2018
Report
c. Immigrants
The view that “immigrants contribute a lot to (OUR COUNTRY)” is shared by a majority of
respondents in 12 EU Member States (compared with 11 in autumn 2017): Sweden (82%), Ireland
(80%), Luxembourg (79%), the United Kingdom and Portugal (both 72%), Spain (61%), Finland (58%),
Denmark (54%), Austria and the Netherlands (both 53%), Germany (52%) and Malta (46% “agree”,
vs. 45% “disagree”). However, it is shared by only a minority of respondents in the 16 remaining EU
countries, with its lowest scores in Latvia (10% vs. 85%), Estonia (13% vs. 79%), the Czech Republic
(14% vs. 82%), Hungary (15% vs. 81%) and Bulgaria (15% vs. 72%).
76
Spring 2018
Report
In terms of evolutions since autumn 2017, the view that “immigrants contribute a lot to (OUR
COUNTRY)” has gained ground in nine Member States, most strikingly in Malta (46%, +11 percentage
points). It has lost ground in 15 countries, most notably in Slovenia (29%, -6) and is stable in four
Member States. The change in Malta means that a majority now agree with the statement (46%
“agree”, vs. 45% “disagree”), whereas in autumn 2017 a minority agreed (35% vs. 59%).
77
Spring 2018
Report
There are some clear differences between the various socio-demographic groups. More than half
of respondents in generations “X”, born between 1965 and 1980 (51%) and “Y”, born after 1980
(52%) agree that “immigrants contribute a lot to (OUR COUNTRY)”, as do respondents who studied up
to the age of 20 and beyond (57%), managers (63%), self-employed people (53%) and students
(58%). Agreement is much lower among Europeans born before 1946 (40%), those who left school
at the age of 15 or earlier (39%), retired people (41%), house persons (41%) and unemployed
respondents (42%).
78
Spring 2018
Report
d. Refugees
A majority of respondents consider that “(OUR COUNTRY) should help refugees” in 21 EU Member
States (compared with 22 in autumn 2017), led by Sweden (91%), the Netherlands (89%) and
Denmark (88%). However, a majority of respondents disagree in seven countries: the Czech Republic
(26% “agree”, vs. 67% “disagree”), Hungary (28% vs. 68%), Bulgaria (29% vs. 54%), Slovakia (33%
vs. 58%), Latvia (41% vs. 53%), Estonia (45% vs. 46%) and Romania (46% vs. 49%). In Romania, this
is a change from autumn 2017 when a majority agreed (47% vs. 46%).
79
Spring 2018
Report
Since autumn 2017, the view that “(OUR COUNTRY) should help refugees” has gained ground in ten
Member States, most strikingly in Greece (78%, +8 percentage points) and Portugal (74%, +7). It has
lost ground in 14 countries, most notably in Slovenia (48%, -8). Lastly, it is unchanged in Denmark,
Croatia, Italy and Estonia.
80
Spring 2018
Report
A socio-demographic analysis shows that a majority of respondents in all socio-demographic

categories agree that “(OUR COUNTRY) should help refugees”. Though still the majority view,
agreement is lower among those who left school at the age of 15 or earlier (59%), people who are
unemployed (60%) and those who have difficulties paying bills most of the time (53%).
81
Spring 2018
Report
e. The quality of life “was better before”
A majority of respondents in 18 EU Member States (as in autumn 2017) consider that the quality
of life “was better before”, with the highest scores in Greece (92%), Cyprus (77%) and Croatia
(74%). Only a minority of respondents share this view in the ten remaining countries, most notably
Denmark (19% “agree”, vs. 70% “disagree”), the Netherlands (22% vs. 72%), Sweden (24% vs. 72%)
and Finland (26% vs. 68%). A majority now agree in Poland (48% vs. 44%), whereas there was an
even split in autumn 2017 (47% vs. 47%).
82
Spring 2018
Report
Since autumn 2017 the feeling that, overall, the quality of life was better before has lost ground in
15 EU Member States, most notably in Lithuania (48%, -8 percentage points) and Cyprus (77%, -7).
It has gained ground in 11 countries and is stable in Sweden and France.
83
Spring 2018
Report
In the socio-demographic analysis, a majority of respondents in most sub-groups say that the
quality of life “was better before”. The highest levels of agreement can be seen among those aged
55 or over (59%), those who left school at the age of 15 or earlier (65%), retired people and
housepersons (both 60%), those who have difficulties paying bills most of the time (75%) and those
who think of themselves as belonging to the working class (63%). By contrast, only a minority of
respondents in the following groups agree with the statement: 15-24 year olds (38%), those who
finished education at the age of 20 or later (41%), managers (37%), students (34%), those who never
or almost never have difficulties paying bills (43%), and those who say they belong either to the
upper class (26%) or upper middle class (30%).
84
Spring 2018
Report
f. Confidence in the future
A majority of respondents in 25 EU Member States (as in autumn 2017) have confidence in the
future. Respondents in Denmark (91%), Ireland and the Netherlands (90% in both countries) and
Finland (89%) are the most optimistic. In three countries a minority of respondents have confidence
in the future: Greece (18% total “agree” vs. 81% total “disagree”), Cyprus (40% vs. 59%) and Lithuania
(40% vs. 57%).
85
Spring 2018
Report
In terms of evolutions, the proportion of respondents who have confidence in the future has increased
in 17 EU Member States, most notably in the Czech Republic (60%, +7 percentage points) and Estonia
(62%, +6), while it has decreased in nine countries and remains unchanged in Finland and Greece.
86
Spring 2018
Report
In the results by socio-demographic criteria, in nearly all groups a majority of respondents say they
have confidence in the future. The only exception are respondents who have difficulties paying bills
most of the time (42% agree vs. 56% disagree).
87
Spring 2018
Report
88
Spring 2018
Report
89
Spring 2018
Report
90
Spring 2018
Report
91
Spring 2018
Report
92
Spring 2018
Report
93
Spring 2018
Report
5 Europeans and the speed of European integration

The current speed of European integration is slower than what respondents would like
Respondents were shown the diagram below and asked which of the figures corresponded best with
their opinion of the current speed of building Europe, and then which corresponded best to the speed
they would like15.
The average score for the perceived current speed is 3.5 (unchanged from autumn 2017), just
below the mid-point on the scale (4.0). The desired speed is greater: 5.0 on average (-0.1). The
findings have generally remained stable over time, going back to 1995. However, since 2012 the gap
between “desired speed” and “current speed” has been slightly greater than in preceding years.

15
QD10a. In your opinion, what is the current speed of building Europe? Please look at these figures. N°1 is standing still, N°7 is running
as fast as possible. Choose the one which best corresponds with your opinion of the current speed of building Europe.
QD10b And which corresponds best to the speed you would like?
94
Spring 2018
Report
In every EU Member State, a majority of respondents say that their opinion of the current speed of
building Europe is “moderate” (score of 3, 4 or 5), and this is particularly high in Finland (82%), the
Netherlands (81%) and Ireland (80%). Looking at the average scores, in only two Member States are
respondents’ opinions of the current speed of building Europe at the mid-point of the scale (4.0) or
above: Malta (4.2) and Poland (4.0). The lowest scores are seen in Spain and Greece (3.1 in both
countries) and in Italy (3.2).
In terms of evolutions, findings are generally stable: average scores are unchanged since autumn
2017 in 12 EU Member States, while they have risen in ten countries and fallen in six.
95
Spring 2018
Report
In most EU Member States, a majority of respondents say that their desired speed of building Europe
is “moderate” (score of 3, 4 or 5). However, in three countries a majority say that their desired speed
is “rather running” (score of 6 or 7): Portugal (61%), Cyprus (58%) and Greece (54%). These three
countries also have the highest average scores (5.9, 5.8 and 5.6 respectively). The lowest average
scores are in Austria (4.1) and in Denmark and Finland (both 4.4).
Results have generally remained stable since autumn 2017, although the average scores for desired
speed have decreased in 17 countries, most notably in Malta (5.1, -0.4) and the Netherlands (4.5,
-0.4). Average scores have increased in four countries and stayed the same in seven.
96
Spring 2018 Technical
specifications
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Between the 13th and the 28th March 2018, TNS opinion & social, a consortium created between TNS
political & social, TNS UK and Kantar Belgium, and represented by the Kantar Belgium S.A.
coordination centre, carried out the wave 89.1 of the EUROBAROMETER survey, on request of the
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Communication, “Media monitoring, media analysis
and Eurobarometer” Unit.
The wave 89.1 is the STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 89 and covers the population of the respective
nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the 28 Member States and
aged 15 years and over.
The STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 89 survey has also been conducted in five candidate countries
(Turkey, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Albania) and in the
Turkish Cypriot Community. In these countries and in the Turkish Cypriot Community, the survey covers
the national population of citizens and the population of citizens of all the European Union Member
States that are residents in these countries and territories and have a sufficient command of the
national languages to answer the questionnaire.
N° DATES POPULATION PROPORTION
COUNTRIES INSTITUTES
INTERVIEWS FIELDWORK 15+ EU28
BE Belgium Kantar Belgium (Kantar TNS) 1,028 14/03/2018 27/03/2018 9,693,779 2.25%
BG Bulgaria Kantar TNS BBSS 1,032 14/03/2018 26/03/2018 6,537,535 1.52%
CZ Czech Rep. Kantar CV 1,047 15/03/2018 25/03/2018 9,238,431 2.14%
DK Denmark Kantar Gallup 1,015 13/03/2018 27/03/2018 4,838,729 1.12%
DE Germany Kantar Deutschland 1,509 14/03/2018 27/03/2018 70,160,634 16.26%
EE Estonia AS Emor, Kantar Emor 1,021 14/03/2018 26/03/2018 1,160,064 0.27%
IE Ireland Behaviour & Attitudes 1,007 14/03/2018 26/03/2018 3,592,162 0.83%
EL Greece Taylor Nelson Sofres Market Research 1,012 14/03/2018 26/03/2018 9,937,810 2.30%
ES Spain TNS Investigación de Mercados y Opinión 1,019 16/03/2018 26/03/2018 39,445,245 9.14%
FR France Kantar Public France 1,020 14/03/2018 26/03/2018 54,097,255 12.54%
HR Croatia Hendal 1,056 14/03/2018 25/03/2018 3,796,476 0.88%
IT Italy Kantar Italia 1,023 13/03/2018 24/03/2018 52,334,536 12.13%
CY Rep. Of Cyprus CYMAR Market Research 503 13/03/2018 26/03/2018 741,308 0.17%
LV Latvia Kantar TNS Latvia 1,006 14/03/2018 25/03/2018 1,707,082 0.40%
LT Lithuania TNS LT 1,003 13/03/2018 26/03/2018 2,513,384 0.58%
LU Luxembourg ILReS 512 13/03/2018 26/03/2018 457,127 0.11%
HU Hungary Kantar Hoffmann 1,048 15/03/2018 27/03/2018 8,781,161 2.04%
MT Malta MISCO International 501 13/03/2018 26/03/2018 364,171 0.08%
NL Netherlands TNS NIPO (trading under Kantar Public) 1,060 13/03/2018 26/03/2018 13,979,215 3.24%
Info Research Austria Institut für Markt-
AT Austria 1,039 13/03/2018 25/03/2018 7,554,711 1.75%
und Meinungsforschung
PL Poland Kantar Polska 1,013 16/03/2018 26/03/2018 33,444,171 7.75%
Marktest – Marketing, Organização e
PT Portugal 1,087 14/03/2018 26/03/2018 8,480,126 1.97%
Formação
Centrul Pentru Studierea Opiniei si Pietei
RO Romania 1,030 14/03/2018 27/03/2018 16,852,701 3.91%
(CSOP)
Institute for market and media research,
SI Slovenia 1,027 13/03/2018 25/03/2018 1,760,032 0.41%
Mediana
SK Slovakia Kantar Slovakia 1,019 13/03/2018 27/03/2018 4,586,024 1.06%
FI Finland Kantar TNS Oy 1,009 13/03/2018 28/03/2018 4,747,810 1.10%
SE Sweden Kantar Sifo 1,005 13/03/2018 28/03/2018 7,998,763 1.85%
UK United Kingdom The Kantar Group UK 1,337 14/03/2018 28/03/2018 52,651,777 12.20%
TOTAL EU28 27,988 13/03/2018 28/03/2018 431,452,219 100%*

* It should be noted that the total percentage shown in this table may exceed 100% due to rounding
Turkish Cypriot
CY(tcc) Lipa Consultancy 500 14/03/2018 26/03/2018 143,226
Community
TR Turkey TNS Piar 1,003 15/03/2018 28/03/2018 56,770,205
Former Yugoslav Republic
MK TNS BRIMA 1,050 13/03/2018 23/03/2018 1,721,528
of Macedonia
ME Montenegro TNS Medium Gallup 522 14/03/2018 27/03/2018 501,030
RS Serbia TNS Medium Gallup 1,019 13/03/2018 26/03/2018 6,161,584
AL Albania TNS BBSS 1,048 15/03/2018 22/03/2018 2,221,572
TOTAL 5,142 13/03/2018 28/03/2018 498,971,364
TS1
Spring 2018 Technical
specifications
The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each
country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for
a total coverage of the country) and to population density.
In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative
regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole
territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according
to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan,
urban and rural areas.
In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses
(every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address.
In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All
interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language.
As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in
those countries where this technique was available.
For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe
description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all
countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was
carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality
were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS opinion
& social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices.
The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed here.
Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being
equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000
interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:
TS2

Eb 89 Citizenship en

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Eb 89 Citizenship en

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Eb 89 Citizenship en

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Standard Eurobarometer 89

Survey requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission,

Standard Eurobarometer 89 – Wave EB89.1

Fieldwork: March 2018

Survey coordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication

We wish to thank all the people interviewed

I. ATTACHMENT TO THE COUNTRY, THE EUROPEAN UNION AND EUROPE

A majority of respondents continue to feel attached to the European Union

The attachment of Europeans to their city/town/village and country

A socio-demographic analysis shows that:

Attachment to the European Union and Europe

A majority of respondents in 26 EU Member States feel attached to Europe (the same

II. THE EUROPEAN UNION’S ACHIEVEMENTS

Maximum three answers

Four most frequently mentioned items – Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

III. EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP

1 The sense of European citizenship

a. Update on the sense of European citizenship

Order on Total ‘Yes’

Order on ‘Yes, definitely’

A socio-demographic analysis shows that a majority of respondents in almost all socio-

b. The different levels of citizenship

A majority of Europeans see themselves first as citizens of their country, then as

c. The factors which do the most to create a feeling of

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

2 Rights as European citizens

IV. SOCIAL ISSUES AND VALUES

1. The existence of shared European values

2. The personal values of Europeans

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

3 The values that best represent the European Union

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

Maximum three answers

a. Things in common in the respondent’s country

b. Understanding today’s world