The Conference Board Total Economy Database™

Output, Labor and Labor Productivity, 1950-2021

April 2021

About
This file contains data on GDP, labor input (persons employed and hours worked) and population for 131 countries, covering th
are forecasts from The Conference Board.

Level data on average annual hours worked per worker should be treated with caution, as differences in estimation and methodo
hours worked and GDP per hour worked across countries difficult. However, growth rates of hours worked, and for example of
comparable across countries and time.

United States data are presented in two series, 'United States (Official)' and 'United States (Adjusted)'. The adjusted series refer
which are revised upward as they are based on alternative price deflators for ICT investment goods and services (for reference,
revised and updated in April 2021.

Chinese data is presented in two series, 'China (Official)' and 'China (Alternative)'. The latter is based on official government da
alternative growth numbers, based on the work of Prof. Harry X. Wu, Hitotsubashi University (for reference, see below). The d
2020.

For more information on the sources and methods of TED:

References:
Alternative ICT investment goods prices
Alternative GDP estimates for China:

Specific data requests, comments, suggestions? Please email:

Description of variables
Level Variables
Real GDP Real GDP, in millions of 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Pow
Nominal GDP Nominal GDP, in millions of current international dollars, converted using Purchasin
Employment Persons employed (thousands)
Average Hours Worked Average annual hours worked per worker
Total Hours Total annual hours worked (millions)
Population Midyear population (thousands)
Per Capita Income and Labor Productivity
Output per Employed Person Labor productivity per person employed in 2020 international dollars, converted usin
Output per Hour Worked Labor productivity per hour worked in 2020 international dollars, converted using Pu
Per Capita Income GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Power Pari
Growth Rates
GDP growth Growth of GDP, percent change
Employment growth Growth of employment, percent change
Total Hours growth Growth of total hours worked, percent change
Population growth Growth of population, percent change
Output per Employed Person growth Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change
Output per Hour Worked growth Growth of Labor Productivity per hour worked, percent change
Per Capita Income growth Growth of GDP per capita, percent change

Disclaimer

© 2021 The Conference Board, Inc. All data contained in this table are protected by United States and international copyright laws. The data displayed are
only be accessed, reviewed, and/or used in accordance with, and the permission of, The Conference Board consistent with a subscriber or license agreemen
www.conference-board.org. The data and analysis contained herein may not be used, redistributed, published, or posted by any means without express writt

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 abase™
2021

and hours worked) and population for 131 countries, covering the period from 1950 onwards. Data for 2021

be treated with caution, as differences in estimation and methodology make direct comparisons of average
cult. However, growth rates of hours worked, and for example of GDP per hour worked, should be more

Official)' and 'United States (Adjusted)'. The adjusted series refers to our alternative GDP series for the US
e deflators for ICT investment goods and services (for reference, see below). The adjustment factors were

China (Alternative)'. The latter is based on official government data, while 'China (Alternative)' represents
X. Wu, Hitotsubashi University (for reference, see below). The data were last updated and revised in May

TED - Sources & Methods

Byrne and Corrado (2016)

Wu (2014)

ted.geo@conference-board.org

ns of 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Power Parities

illions of current international dollars, converted using Purchasing Power Parities
thousands)
rs worked per worker
worked (millions)
(thousands)

per person employed in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Power Parities
per hour worked in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Power Parities
020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Power Parities

rcent change
ment, percent change
rs worked, percent change
on, percent change
oductivity per person employed, percent change
oductivity per hour worked, percent change
capita, percent change

cted by United States and international copyright laws. The data displayed are provided for informational purposes only and may
ion of, The Conference Board consistent with a subscriber or license agreement and the Terms of Use displayed on our website at
be used, redistributed, published, or posted by any means without express written permission from The Conference Board.

United States and international copyright laws. You must abide by all copyright notices and restrictions contained in Our Sites. You
other network or service), display, perform, create derivative works of, sell, license, extract for use in a database, or otherwise use any
Material"), except that you may download Site Material in the form of one machine readable copy that you will use only for
l or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice displayed on the Site Material. If you are a subscriber to any of the services
o the terms of your subscription agreement.

er logos, indicia and trademarks featured on Our Sites are trademarks owned by The Conference Board, Inc. in the United States and
nnection with any product or service that does not belong to us nor in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among users
he product or service, nor in any manner that disparages or discredits us.
 2000-2007 2010-2017
China 17.305 1.10079338 1.07293993
India 7.094 1.05589243 1.06412633

Indonesia 2.472 1.03515778 1.03714373

Malaysia 0.701 1.02836892 1.02521004
Philippines 0.745 1.0205057 1.0463015
Thailand 0.994 1.03183451 1.03421536
Hong Kong SAR 0.347 1.0369156 1.01588941
Korea 1.71 1.03653118 1.0150121
Singapore 0.434 1.02816539 1.01667944
Taiwan Province of China 0.936 1.03510156 1.01708769
Vietnam 0.754 1.0425489 1.05431331
9.093

Argentina 0.767 1.01270731 0.99719841

Brazil 2.41 1.00867704 1.0001544
Chile 0.354 1.02340563 1.01016606
Colombia 0.573 1.03109839 1.01587262
Mexico 1.953 1.00329848 1.0095372
Peru 0.328 1.03145347 1.03241179
Uruguay 0.062 1.00412029 1.0268489
Ecuador 0.153 1.01683607 0.99911302
Bolivia 0.078 1.01450009 1.02592668
6.678
2018-2020
1.05534003 P 7.3 5.5
1.02580338 5.6 6.4 2.6

1.01359411 3.5 3.7 1.4

1.00508692 2.8 2.5 0.5
0.99943639 2.1 4.6 -0.1
1.00149705 3.2 3.4 0.1
1.00764863 3.7 1.6 0.8
1.01408472 3.7 1.5 1.4
0.9953961 2.8 1.7 -0.5
1.03762556 3.5 1.7 3.8
1.05660518 4.3 5.4 5.7
3.4 3.0 1.5

0.99081635 1.3 -0.3 -0.9

1.00856215 0.9 0.0 0.9
1.01187226 2.3 1.0 1.2
1.03564661 3.1 1.6 3.6
0.99191021 0.3 1.0 -0.8
1.01828454 3.1 3.2 1.8
1.00673856 0.4 2.7 0.7
0.99899926 1.7 -0.1 -0.1
1.00474709 1.5 2.6 0.5
1.3 0.8 0.5
The Conference Board Total Economy Database™ - Output, Labor and Labor Productivity, 1950-2021
For more information please refer to the 'CONTENTS' sheet, or the Total Economy Database website.
Please cite the data as follows: The Conference Board Total Economy Database™, April 2021

REGION ISO COUNTRY INDICATOR

Asia MYS Malaysia Per Capita Income
Asia MYS Malaysia GDP growth
Asia MYS Malaysia Employment growth
Asia MYS Malaysia Output per Employed Person growth
Asia MYS Malaysia Per Capita Income growth
Asia MYS Malaysia Investment

Asia PHL Philippines Per Capita Income

Asia PHL Philippines GDP growth
Asia PHL Philippines Employment growth
Asia PHL Philippines Output per Employed Person growth
Asia PHL Philippines Per Capita Income growth
Asia PHL Philippines Investment

Asia SGP Singapore Per Capita Income

Asia SGP Singapore GDP growth
Asia SGP Singapore Employment growth
Asia SGP Singapore Output per Employed Person growth
Asia SGP Singapore Per Capita Income growth
Asia SGP Singapore Investment

Asia THA Thailand Per Capita Income

Asia THA Thailand GDP growth
Asia THA Thailand Employment growth
Asia THA Thailand Output per Employed Person growth
Asia THA Thailand Per Capita Income growth
Asia THA Thailand Investment

Asia VNM Vietnam Per Capita Income

Asia VNM Vietnam GDP growth
Asia VNM Vietnam Employment growth
Asia VNM Vietnam Output per Employed Person growth
Asia VNM Vietnam Per Capita Income growth
Asia VNM Vietnam Investment

Central and East RUS Russian Federation Per Capita Income

Central and East RUS Russian Federation GDP growth
Central and East RUS Russian Federation Employment growth
Central and East RUS Russian Federation Output per Employed Person growth
Central and East RUS Russian Federation Per Capita Income growth
Central and East RUS Russian Federation Investment
Latin America CHL Chile Per Capita Income
Latin America CHL Chile GDP growth
Latin America CHL Chile Employment growth
Latin America CHL Chile Output per Employed Person growth
Latin America CHL Chile Per Capita Income growth
Latin America CHL Chile Investment

Latin America MEX Mexico Per Capita Income

Latin America MEX Mexico GDP growth
Latin America MEX Mexico Employment growth
Latin America MEX Mexico Output per Employed Person growth
Latin America MEX Mexico Per Capita Income growth
Latin America MEX Mexico Investment

Latin America PER Peru Per Capita Income

Latin America PER Peru GDP growth
Latin America PER Peru Employment growth
Latin America PER Peru Output per Employed Person growth
Latin America PER Peru Per Capita Income growth
Latin America PER Peru Investment

Oceania AUS Australia Per Capita Income

Oceania AUS Australia GDP growth
Oceania AUS Australia Employment growth
Oceania AUS Australia Output per Employed Person growth
Oceania AUS Australia Per Capita Income growth
Oceania AUS Australia Investment
uctivity, 1950-2021
ase website.

MEASURE 1980 1981

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 8,020 8,386
Growth of GDP, percent change 8.3 7.1
Growth of employment, percent change 2.9 5.4
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 5.2 1.6
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 5.8 4.6
GDP ratio 34.8 40.0

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 4,565 4,605
Growth of GDP, percent change 5.1 3.4
Growth of employment, percent change 0.5 4.4
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 4.6 -0.9
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 2.3 0.9
GDP ratio 23.4 22.0

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 23,664 24,967
Growth of GDP, percent change 10.1 10.8
Growth of employment, percent change 5.4 8.3
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 4.5 2.3
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 8.7 5.5
GDP ratio 45.0 44.8

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 4,178 4,340
Growth of GDP, percent change 4.6 5.9
Growth of employment, percent change 18.4 -7.3
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change -11.7 14.3
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 2.3 3.9
GDP ratio 26.5 26.4

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 1,596 1,617
Growth of GDP, percent change -2.9 3.5
Growth of employment, percent change 3.8 4.2
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change -6.4 -0.7
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change -4.8 1.3
GDP ratio 14.3 14.3

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 22,308 22,436
Growth of GDP, percent change 3.5 1.2
Growth of employment, percent change 1.4 0.5
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 2.1 0.7
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 2.8 0.6
GDP ratio n/a n/a
GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 9,013 9,413
Growth of GDP, percent change 7.9 6.2
Growth of employment, percent change 5.7 1.9
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 2.1 4.2
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 6.3 4.4
GDP ratio n/a 24.6

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 16,085 17,054
Growth of GDP, percent change 8.3 8.5
Growth of employment, percent change 6.3 3.4
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 1.9 5.0
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 5.9 6.0
GDP ratio 30.8 31.1

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 8,132 8,283
Growth of GDP, percent change 4.7 4.6
Growth of employment, percent change 3.7 4.0
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 0.9 0.6
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 2.0 1.9
GDP ratio 27.0 32.2

GDP per capita in 2020 international dollars, converted using Purchasing Powe 28,400 28,963
Growth of GDP, percent change 2.9 4.1
Growth of employment, percent change 2.9 2.1
Growth of Labor Productivity per person employed, percent change 0.0 2.0
Growth of GDP per capita, percent change 1.5 2.0
GDP ratio 27.2 28.9
 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
8,672 8,983 9,447 9,116 9,002 9,251 9,829 10,504
5.9 6.1 7.8 -1.0 1.3 5.3 8.8 9.4
3.3 3.8 1.8 1.0 1.5 3.8 2.6 3.4
2.5 2.3 5.9 -2.0 -0.2 1.5 6.0 5.7
3.4 3.6 5.2 -3.5 -1.3 2.8 6.2 6.9
42.4 41.0 35.7 29.8 27.8 24.8 27.5 30.4

4,652 4,626 4,182 3,780 3,811 3,879 4,046 4,197

3.6 1.9 -7.3 -7.3 3.4 4.3 6.8 6.2
1.3 5.8 2.8 -0.9 3.9 6.4 5.8 3.3
2.3 -3.7 -9.9 -6.5 -0.4 -2.0 0.9 2.8
1.0 -0.6 -9.6 -9.6 0.8 1.8 4.3 3.7
22.4 23.7 17.3 12.1 12.8 14.5 15.1 17.8

25,566 27,367 29,186 28,935 29,322 31,971 34,646 37,023

7.1 8.6 8.8 -0.6 1.3 10.8 11.3 10.2
6.2 2.9 1.3 -4.8 -4.3 4.0 6.1 4.9
0.8 5.5 7.4 4.4 5.9 6.6 4.9 5.0
2.4 7.0 6.6 -0.9 1.3 9.0 8.4 6.9
46.3 46.5 46.9 41.1 36.6 36.5 33.4 34.1

4,489 4,657 4,843 4,989 5,185 5,595 6,247 6,910

5.4 5.6 5.8 4.6 5.5 9.5 13.3 12.2
19.0 -7.7 5.4 0.3 3.5 5.3 5.0 2.6
-11.4 14.4 0.3 4.4 1.9 4.0 7.9 9.3
3.4 3.7 4.0 3.0 3.9 7.9 11.7 10.6
23.2 26.0 25.0 28.4 26.0 28.0 32.7 35.2

1,709 1,763 1,878 1,946 1,958 1,984 2,058 2,100

8.1 5.5 9.0 6.0 2.8 3.6 6.0 4.7
4.8 4.6 3.5 2.9 5.5 2.1 1.5 1.7
3.1 0.9 5.3 3.0 -2.5 1.5 4.5 2.9
5.7 3.1 6.5 3.6 0.6 1.3 3.7 2.0
14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 13.6

22,424 22,704 22,627 22,804 23,206 23,028 23,251 23,338

0.6 2.0 0.4 1.5 2.5 -0.1 1.6 0.7
0.7 0.2 1.6 -0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1
-0.1 1.7 -1.2 2.4 2.1 -0.3 1.4 0.6
-0.1 1.2 -0.3 0.8 1.8 -0.8 1.0 0.4
n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
 7,989 7,633 7,951 7,981 8,295 8,696 9,172 9,969
-13.6 -2.8 5.9 2.0 5.6 6.6 7.3 10.6
-6.9 6.5 4.4 6.1 5.3 3.8 6.0 5.3
-7.2 -8.8 1.4 -3.9 0.3 2.7 1.2 5.0
-15.1 -4.5 4.2 0.4 3.9 4.8 5.5 8.7
13.6 12.1 15.9 19.4 21.0 24.3 25.0 27.4

16,569 15,615 15,778 15,766 14,949 14,890 14,773 15,090

-0.5 -3.5 3.4 2.2 -3.1 1.7 1.3 4.1
3.4 0.4 4.2 4.9 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7
-3.8 -3.9 -0.8 -2.6 -6.1 -1.7 -2.2 0.4
-2.8 -5.8 1.0 -0.1 -5.2 -0.4 -0.8 2.2
27.3 24.2 23.7 25.0 22.1 23.8 23.1 23.3

8,102 6,856 7,012 6,993 7,527 7,997 7,185 6,175

0.1 -13.4 4.6 1.9 10.0 8.5 -8.3 -12.2
3.2 5.0 3.5 2.3 8.5 3.8 0.5 2.3
-3.0 -17.5 1.0 -0.4 1.3 4.6 -8.7 -14.2
-2.2 -15.4 2.3 -0.3 7.6 6.2 -10.2 -14.1
31.3 22.2 19.0 17.0 19.8 20.6 24.0 17.9

28,566 28,031 29,596 30,720 30,967 32,029 32,823 33,762

0.2 -0.7 6.7 5.0 2.1 5.0 4.1 4.6
0.0 -1.8 3.1 3.2 4.1 2.2 3.8 4.4
0.2 1.2 3.5 1.8 -1.9 2.7 0.4 0.2
-1.4 -1.9 5.6 3.8 0.8 3.4 2.5 2.9
26.5 23.1 26.8 27.3 25.6 26.4 28.9 30.2
 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
11,252 12,008 12,743 13,644 14,514 15,534 16,654
9.5 9.5 8.9 9.9 9.2 9.8 10.0
4.5 2.5 2.6 4.6 1.7 1.8 9.7
4.8 6.8 6.1 5.1 7.4 7.9 0.3
7.1 6.7 6.1 7.1 6.4 7.0 7.2
35.3 37.8 36.0 39.6 41.4 43.5 42.0

4,223 4,112 4,045 4,049 4,136 4,230 4,374

3.0 -0.4 0.4 2.2 4.4 4.6 5.9
1.4 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 5.9
1.6 -3.5 -2.9 -0.7 1.7 2.0 0.0
0.6 -2.6 -1.6 0.1 2.2 2.3 3.4
23.3 19.7 20.7 23.2 23.3 21.8 23.3

39,467 40,925 42,346 46,031 49,554 51,540 53,172

9.8 6.7 6.6 11.5 11.1 7.2 7.5
4.8 4.0 3.2 3.2 4.5 5.0 6.2
4.8 2.6 3.3 8.0 6.3 2.1 1.2
6.6 3.7 3.5 8.7 7.7 4.0 3.2
35.7 34.0 35.5 37.2 32.9 33.9 35.0

7,578 8,128 8,796 9,466 10,125 10,848 11,360

11.2 8.4 9.2 8.7 8.0 8.1 5.7
8.4 -5.3 5.4 -0.4 -1.7 2.2 0.5
2.6 14.4 3.6 9.1 9.8 5.8 5.1
9.7 7.3 8.2 7.6 7.0 7.1 4.7
41.5 42.1 39.7 39.7 40.9 42.9 42.5

2,161 2,240 2,387 2,532 2,707 2,915 3,137

5.1 5.8 8.7 8.1 8.8 9.5 9.3
4.0 2.4 2.2 2.9 2.1 3.0 2.0
1.0 3.4 6.3 5.0 6.6 6.3 7.2
2.9 3.7 6.6 6.1 6.9 7.7 7.6
3.7 9.7 12.4 24.4 25.5 27.1 28.1

22,665 21,470 18,339 16,753 14,630 14,033 13,547

-2.5 -5.0 -14.5 -8.7 -12.7 -4.1 -3.6
-0.3 -2.0 -2.4 -3.7 -5.4 -1.2 -1.6
-2.2 -3.1 -12.4 -5.2 -7.7 -2.9 -2.0
-2.9 -5.3 -14.6 -8.7 -12.7 -4.1 -3.5
n/a n/a n/a n/a 14.3 19.5 19.0
10,157 10,742 11,725 12,295 12,695 13,584 14,318
3.7 7.7 11.1 6.7 5.1 8.8 6.9
2.1 1.7 4.9 5.9 0.8 1.2 1.5
1.6 5.9 6.0 0.8 4.2 7.6 5.3
1.9 5.8 9.2 4.9 3.3 7.0 5.4
27.4 25.0 26.4 29.0 26.8 28.7 27.8

15,581 15,947 16,241 16,386 16,925 15,620 16,399

5.2 4.2 3.6 2.5 4.9 -6.3 6.5
3.5 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.8 0.7 3.6
1.6 1.0 0.5 0.0 2.0 -7.0 2.9
3.2 2.4 1.8 0.9 3.3 -7.7 5.0
23.5 23.7 23.8 23.0 24.9 21.0 21.6

5,738 5,743 5,594 5,766 6,349 6,693 6,761

-5.1 2.2 -0.5 5.2 12.3 7.4 2.8
2.9 0.1 -4.9 2.4 10.0 5.5 0.2
-7.8 2.1 4.6 2.8 2.1 1.8 2.6
-7.1 0.1 -2.6 3.1 10.1 5.4 1.0
15.2 15.9 16.0 17.8 21.0 21.7 19.7

33,716 32,956 33,420 34,418 35,758 36,364 37,422

1.5 -1.0 2.6 3.9 4.9 2.8 4.2
1.8 -2.4 -0.5 0.3 3.2 3.7 1.4
-0.3 1.5 3.0 3.6 1.7 -0.8 2.8
-0.1 -2.3 1.4 3.0 3.9 1.7 2.9
26.5 22.8 22.8 24.0 25.9 25.3 24.8
 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
17,404 15,697 16,246 17,216 16,863 17,337 17,919
7.3 -7.4 6.1 8.7 0.5 5.4 5.8
2.3 0.3 2.8 5.0 1.3 2.4 3.9
4.9 -7.7 3.3 3.5 -0.8 2.9 1.9
4.5 -9.8 3.5 6.0 -2.1 2.8 3.4
43.4 29.5 25.7 29.4 26.8 27.2 25.5

4,498 4,380 4,432 4,527 4,562 4,632 4,768

5.2 -0.5 3.3 4.4 3.0 3.7 5.1
1.9 0.7 0.5 -2.1 6.2 3.1 1.9
3.2 -1.2 2.8 6.6 -3.0 0.6 3.1
2.8 -2.6 1.2 2.2 0.8 1.5 2.9
24.1 20.0 16.2 15.7 18.9 20.5 19.5

55,700 52,660 55,224 59,184 56,995 58,687 62,259

8.3 -2.2 5.7 9.0 -1.1 3.9 4.5
6.1 2.8 -0.4 4.1 3.5 -1.4 -1.2
2.1 -4.8 6.2 4.8 -4.4 5.4 5.8
4.8 -5.5 4.9 7.2 -3.7 3.0 6.1
38.2 31.5 32.7 35.2 27.6 25.1 17.2

10,953 10,039 10,439 10,828 11,094 11,665 12,390

-2.8 -7.6 4.6 4.5 3.4 6.1 7.2
1.8 -4.5 1.9 2.1 2.6 3.0 2.4
-4.4 -3.3 2.7 2.4 0.8 3.1 4.7
-3.6 -8.4 4.0 3.7 2.5 5.2 6.2
34.3 20.1 20.2 22.3 23.1 22.7 23.8

3,342 3,484 3,601 3,793 4,001 4,227 4,478

8.2 5.8 4.8 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3
0.5 3.4 3.0 0.7 3.0 2.9 2.9
7.6 2.3 1.7 6.1 3.8 4.1 4.3
6.5 4.3 3.3 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.9
28.3 29.1 27.6 29.6 31.2 33.2 35.4

13,757 13,043 13,914 15,377 16,228 17,085 18,415

1.4 -5.3 6.4 10.0 5.1 4.8 7.3
-4.4 -2.9 7.7 3.4 0.1 2.4 -0.5
6.1 -2.5 -1.2 6.5 5.0 2.4 7.8
1.5 -5.2 6.7 10.5 5.5 5.3 7.8
17.8 11.6 12.5 16.4 19.6 17.9 18.8
15,172 15,621 15,344 15,952 16,295 16,614 17,105
7.4 4.4 -0.5 5.3 3.3 3.1 4.1
2.2 2.2 -1.2 1.7 1.1 1.8 3.9
5.1 2.2 0.7 3.5 2.1 1.2 0.2
6.0 3.0 -1.8 4.0 2.1 2.0 3.0
27.7 27.2 20.9 22.1 22.4 22.3 21.1

17,317 17,979 18,246 18,879 18,617 18,375 18,413

7.1 5.2 2.7 4.7 -0.2 0.0 1.5
2.6 3.9 3.9 3.3 0.5 1.4 1.5
4.4 1.3 -1.1 1.4 -0.7 -1.5 0.0
5.6 3.8 1.5 3.5 -1.4 -1.3 0.2
22.6 23.7 22.6 23.0 20.8 20.7 21.1

7,080 6,944 6,946 7,036 6,986 7,273 7,483

6.5 -0.4 1.5 2.7 0.6 5.5 4.2
3.1 -3.6 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.5 2.8
3.2 3.3 0.5 1.8 -0.7 4.9 1.3
4.7 -1.9 0.0 1.3 -0.7 4.1 2.9
21.1 20.8 18.2 17.4 16.5 16.7 17.2

38,707 40,127 41,462 42,233 42,781 44,048 44,752

4.6 4.7 4.5 3.0 2.6 4.1 2.8
0.8 1.5 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.3 2.4
3.8 3.2 2.6 0.8 0.7 2.8 0.4
3.4 3.7 3.3 1.9 1.3 3.0 1.6
24.8 26.3 26.3 25.0 23.6 25.3 26.8
 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
18,708 19,216 19,867 20,695 21,263 20,523 21,636
6.8 5.0 5.6 6.3 4.8 -1.5 7.5
1.3 0.6 2.8 2.7 1.4 2.5 9.4
5.4 4.3 2.7 3.5 3.4 -4.0 -1.7
4.4 2.7 3.4 4.2 2.7 -3.5 5.4
25.9 23.1 23.4 24.0 22.3 18.4 23.7

4,976 5,117 5,284 5,520 5,653 5,637 5,950

6.6 4.9 5.3 6.5 4.3 1.4 7.3
3.2 2.2 1.0 2.8 1.6 2.8 2.9
3.3 2.7 4.3 3.6 2.7 -1.3 4.4
4.4 2.8 3.3 4.5 2.4 -0.3 5.5
20.7 18.6 16.0 16.1 19.0 17.4 20.4

67,519 70,805 74,814 78,222 75,567 73,398 82,586

9.8 7.4 9.0 9.0 1.9 0.1 14.5
1.7 4.4 6.6 8.7 9.7 2.8 3.4
8.0 2.8 2.3 0.3 -7.2 -2.6 10.7
8.4 4.9 5.7 4.6 -3.4 -2.9 12.5
22.9 21.5 22.4 23.1 30.2 27.4 27.7

13,055 13,487 14,044 14,698 14,849 14,650 15,653

6.3 4.2 5.0 5.4 1.7 -0.7 7.5
2.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 2.1 1.9 0.9
3.6 2.6 3.7 3.8 -0.4 -2.5 6.6
5.4 3.3 4.1 4.7 1.0 -1.3 6.8
25.7 30.4 27.0 25.5 28.2 20.6 25.4

4,763 5,055 5,339 5,647 5,891 6,132 6,445

7.8 7.5 7.0 7.1 5.7 5.4 6.4
2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9
4.7 4.5 4.0 4.2 2.8 2.6 3.4
6.4 6.1 5.6 5.8 4.3 4.1 5.1
33.5 33.8 34.5 39.6 36.5 37.2 35.4

19,816 21,160 22,960 24,962 26,284 24,221 25,300

7.2 6.4 8.2 8.5 5.2 -7.8 4.5
1.5 1.5 1.2 2.3 0.3 -2.2 0.8
5.6 4.8 6.9 6.1 4.9 -5.7 3.7
7.6 6.8 8.5 8.7 5.3 -7.8 4.5
18.9 18.2 19.3 22.0 23.3 17.2 20.7
18,142 18,956 19,978 20,742 21,270 20,729 21,724
7.2 5.7 6.3 4.9 3.6 -1.6 5.8
2.5 3.9 1.7 2.8 2.9 -0.7 9.8
4.5 1.8 4.5 2.1 0.7 -0.9 -3.6
6.1 4.5 5.4 3.8 2.5 -2.5 4.8
19.7 21.8 20.8 20.8 26.8 21.2 23.2

18,871 19,155 19,785 19,985 19,897 18,626 19,333

3.7 2.5 4.5 2.3 0.9 -5.1 5.1
2.1 1.1 3.1 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.5
1.5 1.4 1.4 0.3 -0.7 -6.1 3.6
2.5 1.5 3.3 1.0 -0.4 -6.4 3.8
22.1 21.6 22.8 23.1 24.1 22.9 22.8

7,761 8,155 8,672 9,310 10,055 10,054 10,790

5.0 6.3 7.5 8.5 9.1 1.0 8.5
2.0 0.9 2.9 4.5 0.9 1.0 0.5
2.9 5.3 4.5 3.9 8.1 0.1 7.9
3.7 5.1 6.3 7.4 8.0 0.0 7.3
16.1 15.4 18.8 22.3 27.1 20.3 24.4

46,105 46,925 47,547 48,756 49,066 48,967 49,348

4.1 3.0 2.7 4.4 2.7 1.9 2.4
1.8 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.0 1.6 1.2
2.3 0.1 0.0 1.3 -0.3 0.3 1.2
3.0 1.8 1.3 2.5 0.6 -0.2 0.8
27.3 27.9 27.2 28.3 28.4 27.0 26.4
 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
22,399 23,291 24,050 25,147 26,049 26,860 28,072
5.3 5.5 4.7 6.0 5.0 4.5 5.8
3.7 3.9 5.0 1.9 1.4 0.6 2.1
1.5 1.5 -0.3 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.6
3.5 4.0 3.3 4.6 3.6 3.1 4.5
23.5 26.0 26.1 25.2 25.4 26.0 25.5

6,079 6,396 6,718 7,029 7,355 7,756 8,164

3.9 6.9 6.8 6.3 6.3 7.1 6.9
3.2 1.1 1.4 -0.1 2.8 4.7 -1.6
0.7 5.7 5.3 6.4 3.5 2.3 8.7
2.2 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.6 5.5 5.3
20.7 19.6 20.6 20.9 21.3 24.6 25.6

86,008 87,680 90,441 92,782 94,433 96,323 100,588

6.3 4.5 4.8 3.9 3.0 3.3 4.5
3.7 4.0 4.1 3.8 2.1 1.0 -0.2
2.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.8 2.3 4.7
4.1 1.9 3.1 2.6 1.8 2.0 4.4
26.7 29.3 30.0 29.4 25.4 26.5 27.3

15,690 16,732 17,088 17,167 17,626 18,157 18,843

0.8 7.2 2.7 1.0 3.1 3.4 4.2
1.1 1.2 -0.1 -2.1 -0.2 -0.8 -0.6
-0.3 5.9 2.8 3.2 3.3 4.3 4.8
0.2 6.6 2.1 0.5 2.7 3.0 3.8
26.8 28.0 27.5 23.9 22.4 21.1 22.9

6,776 7,062 7,361 7,738 8,178 8,621 9,114

6.4 5.5 5.6 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.9
2.9 -0.5 1.5 1.1 -0.2 0.7 0.6
3.4 6.0 4.0 5.3 7.2 5.9 6.3
5.1 4.2 4.2 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.7
29.5 27.0 26.4 26.6 27.3 26.4 26.4

26,359 27,373 27,795 27,504 26,903 26,906 27,366

4.3 4.0 1.8 0.7 -2.0 0.2 1.8
1.3 1.0 -0.2 0.2 1.1 0.1 -0.1
2.9 3.0 2.0 0.5 -3.0 0.1 1.9
4.2 3.8 1.5 -1.0 -2.2 0.0 1.7
24.3 24.6 23.3 22.4 22.1 23.1 23.6
22,821 23,786 24,483 24,641 24,915 25,021 24,975
6.1 5.3 4.0 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.2
5.0 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.1 2.0
1.1 3.4 1.9 0.3 0.7 0.6 -0.8
5.0 4.2 2.9 0.6 1.1 0.4 -0.2
24.6 26.4 25.7 23.3 23.8 22.3 21.3

19,800 20,239 20,325 20,675 21,130 21,411 21,689

3.7 3.4 1.6 2.9 3.3 2.4 2.3
2.2 3.3 1.1 0.4 2.4 1.9 1.4
1.4 0.1 0.5 2.5 0.9 0.4 0.9
2.4 2.2 0.4 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.3
23.3 23.9 22.5 21.9 23.3 23.6 22.9

11,368 11,922 12,491 12,663 12,950 13,385 13,539

6.5 6.0 5.8 2.4 3.3 4.4 2.1
1.4 1.1 0.2 0.5 1.7 0.7 1.7
5.0 4.8 5.6 1.9 1.5 3.6 0.4
5.4 4.9 4.8 1.4 2.3 3.4 1.2
24.4 24.1 25.6 24.7 23.7 22.2 20.6

50,050 51,053 51,252 51,793 52,237 52,831 53,201

2.8 3.8 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.4
2.2 1.1 1.3 0.6 1.1 2.3 1.6
0.6 2.7 0.8 1.9 1.2 0.4 0.8
1.4 2.0 0.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.7
26.9 28.5 27.1 26.4 25.9 24.6 24.3
 2018 2019
29,062 29,966
4.8 4.3
2.4 2.0
2.3 2.2
3.5 3.1
23.9 21.0

8,547 8,925
6.3 6.0
2.0 1.9
4.2 4.1
4.7 4.4
27.2 26.2

103,607 103,805
3.5 1.3
0.7 1.6
2.8 -0.2
3.0 0.2
25.0 24.7

19,562 19,940
4.2 2.3
1.1 -0.7
3.1 3.0
3.8 1.9
25.2 23.7

9,652 10,217
7.1 7.0
1.1 0.7
6.0 6.3
5.9 5.9
26.3 26.6

28,137 28,746
2.8 2.0
0.3 -0.8
2.5 2.9
2.8 2.2
21.9 22.8
25,562 25,459
3.7 1.0
1.4 1.3
2.3 -0.3
2.3 -0.4
22.1 22.9

21,944 21,725
2.2 0.0
2.6 2.4
-0.5 -2.4
1.2 -1.0
22.7 21.1

13,944 14,123
4.0 2.2
1.6 2.1
2.3 0.1
3.0 1.3
21.7 21.5

53,859 54,089
2.8 1.9
3.0 2.4
-0.1 -0.5
1.2 0.4
24.1 22.5
 PRIMER GRUPO

Pais 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Malaysia 8.3 7.1 5.9 6.1
GPD
7.8
Growth
10.0
Philippines 5.1 9.2 3.4 3.6 1.9 -7.3
8.5
9.0 8.1 8.3 7.9 7.7
Grupo 1 Singapore
8.0
10.1 10.8 7.7 7.1 8.6 8.8
6.7 6.8
Thailand
7.0 4.6 5.9 6.0 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.7 6.0
5.5 5.3
Vietnam
6.0 4.8 -2.9 3.5 8.1 5.5 5.2 9.0
4.9
5.0
Promedio 5.1 6.2 6.0 5.5 5.4 4.8 5.2
4.0 2.9 4.3
3.0 4.2 2.6 4.0
3.4 3.4 3.5
2.0 2.5 0.6 2.9 2.9
0.3 1.9 2.3
Chile1.0 7.9 1.2 6.2
1.6 1.6 -13.6 1.7 -2.8 1.7 5.9
0.0
Mexico1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
8.3 1987 1988 1989 0.4-0.5
8.51990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 -3.5 3.42000 2001 2002 2003
1996 1997 1998 1999
Grupo 2 Peru 4.7 4.6 0.1 -13.4 4.6
Grupo 1 Grupo
Russian Feder 3.5 1.2 0.6 2.0 0.4
Australia 2.9 4.1 0.2 -0.7 6.7
5.5 4.9 -2.6 -3.7 4.2

AÑO 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Grupo 1 5.1 6.2 6.0 5.5 4.8
Grupo 2 5.5 4.9 -2.6 -3.7 4.2

1. Si se calcula indicadores promedios para un peri

avance? Los promedios se puedan calcular para las

Repuesta: De acuerdo al grafico comparativo, se puede obs

 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
GPD Growth
-1.0 1.3 5.3 8.8 9.4 9.5 9.5
-7.3 3.4 4.38.7 6.8 6.2 3.0 -0.4
-0.6 7.4 1.3 10.8 11.3 10.2 9.8 6.7
6.7 6.9
4.6
6.0 5.5
6.4 9.5 5.913.3 12.2 11.2 8.4
5.8 5.7
4.9 5.3 6.0 2.8 3.6 6.0 4.7
4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.8
4.5 4.2
0.3 5.4 5.8
2.9 5.7 3.7 6.75.3 9.2 8.5 7.7 6.0
5.2 4.8
2.6 4.3 4.7 4.5
4.0
3.5 3.1 3.1
2.9 1.0
2.3 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.0
1.7 2.0 5.6 6.6 7.3 10.6 3.7
1.4 7.7
7 1998 1999 2000 2001 20022.2
2003 2004 2005 -3.1 1.72010 2011 20121.3
2006 2007 2008 2009 4.1 2017 2018 2019
2013 2014 2015 2016 5.22020 4.2
1.9 10.0 8.5 -8.3 -12.2 -5.1 2.2
Grupo 1 Grupo 2
1.5 2.5 -0.1 1.6 0.7 -2.5 -5.0
5.0 2.1 5.0 4.1 4.6 1.5 -1.0
2.5 3.4 4.3 1.2 1.6 0.6 1.6

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991

0.3 2.9 6.7 9.2 8.5 7.7 6.0
2.5 3.4 4.3 1.2 1.6 0.6 1.6

s promedios para un periodo largo (1980-2019) ¿En cuál de los dos grupos de economías se observa un mayor
puedan calcular para las variables definidas como tasas de crecimiento o ratios del PBI (construir un ranking por
variable).

co comparativo, se puede observar que hay una clara diferencia entre los dos grupos , se evidencia que los paises asiaticos tiene mayo
 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
8.9 9.9 9.2 9.8 10.0 7.3 -7.4
0.4 2.2 4.4 4.6 5.9 5.2 -0.5
6.6 11.5 11.1 7.2 7.5 8.3 -2.2
9.2 8.7 8.0 8.1 5.7 -2.8 -7.6
8.7 8.1 8.8 9.5 9.3 8.2 5.8
6.8 8.1 8.3 7.9 7.7 5.2 -2.4

11.1 6.7 5.1 8.8 6.9 7.4 4.4

3.6 2.5 4.9 -6.3 6.5 7.1 5.2
-0.5 5.2 12.3 7.4 2.8 6.5 -0.4
-14.5 -8.7 -12.7 -4.1 -3.6 1.4 -5.3
2.6 3.9 4.9 2.8 4.2 4.6 4.7
0.4 1.9 2.9 1.7 3.4 5.4 1.7

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

6.8 8.1 8.3 7.9 7.7 5.2 -2.4
0.4 1.9 2.9 1.7 3.4 5.4 1.7

se observa un mayor
nstruir un ranking por

ses asiaticos tiene mayor crecimiento del PBI.

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
6.1 8.7 0.5 5.4 5.8 6.8 5.0
3.3 4.4 3.0 3.7 5.1 6.6 4.9
5.7 9.0 -1.1 3.9 4.5 9.8 7.4
4.6 4.5 3.4 6.1 7.2 6.3 4.2
4.8 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.8 7.5
4.9 6.7 2.6 5.3 6.0 7.4 5.8

-0.5 5.3 3.3 3.1 4.1 7.2 5.7

2.7 4.7 -0.2 0.0 1.5 3.7 2.5
1.5 2.7 0.6 5.5 4.2 5.0 6.3
6.4 10.0 5.1 4.8 7.3 7.2 6.4
4.5 3.0 2.6 4.1 2.8 4.1 3.0
2.9 5.2 2.3 3.5 4.0 5.4 4.8

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

4.9 6.7 2.6 5.3 6.0 7.4 5.8
2.9 5.2 2.3 3.5 4.0 5.4 4.8
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
5.6 6.3 4.8 -1.5 7.5 5.3 5.5
5.3 6.5 4.3 1.4 7.3 3.9 6.9
9.0 9.0 1.9 0.1 14.5 6.3 4.5
5.0 5.4 1.7 -0.7 7.5 0.8 7.2
7.0 7.1 5.7 5.4 6.4 6.4 5.5
6.4 6.9 3.7 1.0 8.7 4.5 5.9

6.3 4.9 3.6 -1.6 5.8 6.1 5.3

4.5 2.3 0.9 -5.1 5.1 3.7 3.4
7.5 8.5 9.1 1.0 8.5 6.5 6.0
8.2 8.5 5.2 -7.8 4.5 4.3 4.0
2.7 4.4 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.8
5.8 5.7 4.3 -2.3 5.3 4.7 4.5

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6.4 6.9 3.7 1.0 8.7 4.5 5.9
5.8 5.7 4.3 -2.3 5.3 4.7 4.5
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
4.7 6.0 5.0 4.5 5.8 4.8 4.3
6.8 6.3 6.3 7.1 6.9 6.3 6.0
4.8 3.9 3.0 3.3 4.5 3.5 1.3
2.7 1.0 3.1 3.4 4.2 4.2 2.3
5.6 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.0
4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.2 4.2

4.0 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.2 3.7 1.0

1.6 2.9 3.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 0.0
5.8 2.4 3.3 4.4 2.1 4.0 2.2
1.8 0.7 -2.0 0.2 1.8 2.8 2.0
2.1 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.8 1.9
3.1 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.0 3.1 1.4

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.2 4.2
3.1 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.0 3.1 1.4
 2. ¿Cuándo se compara el nivel de ingreso per cápita que se tenía en 1980 con res
tiene en 2019, que países están mejor?

Per Capita Income - Ingreso Pe

año 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Ch-Per-Aus-Rus-Mex 16,788 17,230 16,730 16,168 16,593
Sin-Viet-Mal-Tai-Fil 8,405 8,783 9,018 9,479 9,908

Comparado a nivel de promedios entre ambos bloques económicos, r

tendencias varían de acuerdo con la tendencias mundiales, mas en
dependientes de sus recursos naturales que les sirven de entrada para
resto del mundo. La gráfica obtenida refleja que desde los años 80,
silenciosa de los paises del Asia, paises sin recursos es constante en
manteniendo un promedio de crecimiento de alrededor del 5.5 en comp
promedio de los mayores productores de cobre de 2.8 en el periodo ana
años 1980 a 2019.
ue se tenía en 1980 con respecto al que se
están mejor?
Ingreso Per ca
40000
35000
er Capita Income - Ingreso Per capita 30000
25000
1985 1986 1987 20000 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
16,853 16,989 17,328 15000 17,441 17,667 17,571 17,372 17,064
10000
9,753 9,855 10,536 11,365 12,147 12,936 13,483 14,063
5000
0
1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998
Ch-Per-Aus-Rus-Mex

bos bloques económicos, refleja que las

dencias mundiales, mas en economías
les sirven de entrada para negociar con el
ja que desde los años 80, la tendencia
recursos es constante en su crecimiento
e alrededor del 5.5 en comparación con el
re de 2.8 en el periodo analizado desde los
a 2019.
 Ingreso Per capita

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

17,123 17,271 17,259 17,689 18,407 18,743 19,183 19,895
15,145 16,207 17,013 17,739 18,380 17,252 17,988 19,110

1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022
Ch-Per-Aus-Rus-Mex Sin-Viet-Mal-Tai-Fil
 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
20,182 20,679 21,233 22,139 22,870 23,789 24,751 25,314
18,703 19,310 20,363 21,804 22,736 23,869 24,957 24,645

2022
 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
24,519 25,299 26,080 26,875 27,269 27,455 27,627 27,911
24,068 26,454 27,390 28,232 29,131 29,972 30,728 31,543
 2017 2018 2019
28,154 28,689 28,828
32,956 34,086 34,570
3. ¿Cambiarían sus conclusiones en 1 y 2 si se toma un periodo más c
digamos, las últimas dos décadas?

El crecximiento del empleo está asociado a la tendencia en el crecimiento del PBI, ya

refleja las mismas caídas en su composición. Como se ve la tendencia entre los pais
productores de cobre el crecimiento del empleo es a la baja, demostrando lo poco q
fomenta la actividad extractiva a nivel de la creación de puestos de empleo, las activid
de explotación minera involucran a los participantes que se aglomeran en el desarr
operativo recuerrente de la extracción, promoviendo grandes ventajas a los que es
inmersos en la actividad. Como el crecimiento demográfico en la humanidad en su con
crece exponencialmente, la creación de empleo formal es una tarea en la que comp
muchos de las económicas del mundo para satisfacer la amplia demanda y poca ofe

.4 ¿Considerando los resultados encontrados, que tipo de estrategi

considera usted que ha sido más beneficiosa?

El aporte de la explotación minera a la generación de empleo que es escaso frente

crecimiento demográfico, en los paises asiaticos en donde la población es mas dens
necesidad de darle sustento a las familias fue preocupación atendida a tiempo. La inve
en educación o el beneficio que han podido adquirir por ofrecer muchas ventajas a
inversiones foráneas dando como principal ventaja el bajo costo de la mano de ob
directa, como un pilar que ha liberado la formación en el uso de nuevas tecnologías p
producción masiva de diferentes elementos que son comercializados a nivel mundia
despegue del bloque asiatico es tangible despues de la caída del año 2009 por la cr
asiatica y por las secuelas del fenómeno mundial del niño
 se toma un periodo más corto,
décadas?

cia en el crecimiento del PBI, ya que

se ve la tendencia entre los paises
a la baja, demostrando lo poco que
de puestos de empleo, las actividades
s que se aglomeran en el desarrollo
do grandes ventajas a los que están
áfico en la humanidad en su conjunto
mal es una tarea en la que compiten
r la amplia demanda y poca oferta.

ados, que tipo de estrategia

más beneficiosa?

de empleo que es escaso frente al

donde la población es mas densa la
ación atendida a tiempo. La inversión
r por ofrecer muchas ventajas a las
a el bajo costo de la mano de obra
n el uso de nuevas tecnologías para la
comercializados a nivel mundial, el
e la caída del año 2009 por la crisis
eno mundial del niño