Corrections 1 Notes

LEARNING MODULE IN INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS
Correction refers not just to institutions, but also to the practices that society uses to
confine, control, and correct the behavior of offenders. Hence, this Module covers the philosophy,
theory, and principles of Penology, the institutional relationship to Criminology and Criminal
Justice. It includes the concept and issues of Sentencing, Penalty, the administration and
management Institutional confinement facilities of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) such as the
Police (PNP, NBI, Immigration, others) Detention facilities, BJMP, Provincial Jails, and the Bureau of
Corrections.
After the completion of the module, you should be able to:

1) Trace the historical development of penology;
2) Discuss the concept of punishment and its purposes;
3) Determine the role of Corrections in the Criminal Justice System;
4) Demonstrate handling and treating of criminal offenders;
5) Apply the standard rules in treating prisoners set by the United Nations;
6) Explain the classification process through which the rehabilitation program of
prisoners is carried out; and
7) Determine the legal aspect influencing the Philippine Correctional System.
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Module Content
𝕸𝖔𝖉𝖚𝖑𝖊 1
CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY 3-19
FORMS OF PUNISHMENT 20-23
JAIL AND PRISON 24-28
CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM OF THE PHILIPPINES 29-37
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY 38-46
ADMISSION PROCEDURE IN PRISON 47-52
RIOTS & VIOLENT DISTURBANCES IN JAILS 53-55
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CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY
🅾🅱🅹🅴🅲🆃🅸🆅🅴🆂:
1. Explain the concept and principal aims of penology.

2. Define the important terms used in the study.
3. Trace the historical perspective of corrections
LESSON 1 PENOLOGY AND CRIMINOLOGY
FOUNDATION OF THE SUBJECT

The fact that Correction is among the five pillars of the Philippine Criminal Justice System is
the reason why Correctional Administration became a curricular subject of students in
Criminology. It has been noted that the 5 pillars of the CJS in the Philippine setting are:
1. Law enforcement 4. CORRECTIONS
2. Prosecution 5. Community
3. Courts
The Philippine Criminal Justice System is patterned from that system of the United States
and Great Britain. In United States, the components of the CJS are Police, Court and
Correction. Originally, the third component was Penology but due to modern and democratic
trends in the field of criminal justice, it was changed to Correction. Thus, Correction evolved
from Penology.
A. PENOLOGY AND CRIMINOLOGY

It’s the study of punishment for crime. It is the branch of criminology
dealing with prison management, and the deterrent and reformatory
treatment of criminals.
Penology comes from two (2) words Peno and logy. The term
peno is derived from the Greek Word “Poine" as well as the Latin Word
"Poena", both terms mean Punishment. Logy is derived from the Latin
Word "Logos", meaning "study".
Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of criminology that deals with
prison management and the treatment of offenders, and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice
of society in its effort to repress criminal activities.
Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still stands for the policy of inflicting
punishment on the offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing.
It must be remembered that Penology is just a study of punishment for crime.
Everything in this subject is purely theoretical and philosophical. Any person who
violates the law or commits the crime, he cannot be punished unless there is a law
which defines the said crime committed, and prescribes the proper penalty or
punishments. Hence, Penology cannot exist without criminal law.
B. NATURE OF PENOLOGY
Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It was the division of criminology concerned with
the philosophy and practice of society to repress criminal activites. Traditional penologists stood for
the policy of inflicting punishment on the offenders as a consequence of their wrongdoing. However,
modern penologists have reasonably extended their field such that Penology today covers other
policies that are not punitive in character, such as:
1. Probation
2. Parole
3. Medical Treatment; and
4. Education
These programs are designed to cure or rehabilitate the offender. In fact, this is the accepted
present nature of the term penology.
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C. PRINCIPAL AIMS OF PENOLOGY

1. First, to clarify and define the ethical barriers of punishment, along with the motives and purpose of
the society inflicting it;
2. Second, to make comparative study of penal laws and procedures based on history between
nations; and
3. Finally, to evaluate the social consequences of the policies enforced at a given time.
The noble purpose of Penology was to provide the students of criminology and other allied social
sciences with important guides in understanding the problems concerning our penal institutions and
develop solutions to solve them.
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS:
PENAL MANAGEMENT – the manner or practice of managing or controlling

places of punishment.
CORRECTIONS
✓ Correction is one branch of criminal justice concerned with the
custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
✓ It is a field of Criminal Justice Administration that utilize the body of
knowledge and practices of the government (and the society in general)
involving the processes of managing (handling) people who have been
convicted of offenses for the purpose of crime prevention and control
✓ It is the study covering jail and prison management and administration as well as the rehabilitation
and reformation of prisoners.
✓ As a process, Corrections refers to the reorientation or re – instruction of the criminal offender in
order to prevent him/ser from repeating his deviant or delinquent actions. In correcting the deviant
behavior of the offender, the process does not consider the necessity of taking punitive actions.
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION defined:

It is the study and practice of systematic management of jails, prison, and other institutions
concerned with the custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of persons who have been convicted of crimes or
who have been adjudicated (judged) as persons with delinquent behaviors.
PENITENTIARY defined:
The term penitentiary came from Latin word “penitentia” meaning penitence, and was coined by an
English prison reformer named John Howard. It is a place of long-term confinement, especially that one
operated by a state or government as a place of confinement and correction for those convicted of serious
crimes.
Penitentiary refers to a place where crime and sin may be atoned by contrition (sorrow for sin).
During the olden times, penitentiaries were massive edifices of concrete and steel. The original
penitentiaries were designed to facilitate solitary contemplation of one’s misdeed
PRISON defined:
✓ Prison is synonymous with penitentiary; a classical place of torture and extreme hardship.
(Traditional description)
✓ It is an institution for the incarceration or compulsory confinement of persons convicted of
major/serious crimes
✓ It may refer to a building or other place established for the purpose of taking safe custody or
confinement of criminals or others committed by lawful authority
JAIL defined:
✓ A jail is a place for locking – up persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies
✓ It refers to a local or temporary place for confinement of criminal offenders, as distinguished from
prison
✓ It is a building or structure purposely designed for detaining persons; a place of confining persons
who are awaiting trial and also who are already convicted but suffering a short period of
imprisonment
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Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
(Module 1 – Lesson 1)
Instruction: Define the following key terms in your own words. (10 points each)
1. Correction
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2. Correctional Administration
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3. Penitentiary
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4. Prison
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5. Jail
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Rubric
Indicators 4 3 2 1
Ideas and There is clear, well Main idea is clear, but the Main idea is The main idea is not
Content focused topic. Main supporting information is somewhat clear, clear. There is
idea stands out and is general but there is a seemingly random
supported by detailed need for collection of
information supporting information.
information
Organization Details are placed in a Details are placed in a Some details are Many details are not
logical order, and the logical order, but the way not in a logical in a logical order.
way they are in which they are order, and this There is little
presented effectively presented sometimes distracts the evidence that the
keeps the interest of makes the writing less reader. writing is organized
the reader. interesting.
Grammar & Writer makes no Writer makes error/s
Spelling errors in in grammar or
grammar or spelling.
spelling
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LESSON 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PENOLOGY
That the individual

calculates pleasure and pain
in advance of action and
regulates his conduct by the
LESSON 2 result of his calculations
It maintained that while the classical

doctrine is correct in general, it should be
modified in certain details. Since children
and lunatics cannot calculate the
differences of pleasures from pain, they
should not be regarded as criminals, hence
they should be free from punishment
It adheres that crimes, as any other act,

is a natural phenomenon. Criminals are
considered as sick individuals who need
EARLY CODES to be treated by treatment programs
rather than punitive actions against
A. Pre – Christian Era them.
✓ 1890 BC, Babylon: the CODE OF KING HAMMURABI (LEX

TALIONES) already existed. It has been credited as the oldest code
that prescribed savage punishment to outlaws. However, some
authors/historians claimed that Sumerian Codes were nearly 100
years older.
✓ 451 – 450 BC, Roman Empire: TWELVE TABLETS (The code of laws
written on 12 wooden tablets) was recognized as the earliest codification
of Roman Laws. The influence of the twelve Tablets extended until the
6th century AD when it was mostly incorporated in the Justinian Code
(529 AD)
✓ GREEK CODE OF DRACO – in Greece, the Code of Draco, a harsh
code that provides the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves
as it incorporates primitive concepts (vengeance, Blood Feuds).
✓ BURGUNDIAN CODE – a law that
originated about 500 AD, which specified punishment according to the social
class of offenders, dividing them into nobles, middle and the lower class,
and specifying the value of the life of each person according to his social
status
B. Early Years of Christian Era (A.D. Years)
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✓ Outlaws or violators of laws were compelled or forced to

compensate (pay) the harm or damage they had inflicted to their
victims by paying them with valuable goods
✓ The purpose of compensation was to restrain vengeful retaliation on
the part of the aggrieved party (to stop the victims from taking
revenge or putting the law in their own hands)
✓ The LEX TALIONES (Law of vengeance) or the principle of “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a
tooth” has been also practiced
✓ BENEFIT OF CLERGY – this system provided escape from severe punishment to those members
of clergy such as ordained priests, monks and nuns by subjecting them to the jurisdiction of
ecclesiastical courts. Ecclesiastical punishments were more lenient because the focus of the Church
was on PENANCE (self – punishment) and SALVATION (deliverance) of the soul rather than
administering physical punishment for the purpose of deterrence or revenge
✓ ORDEAL – the church’s substitute for a trial until 13th century,
wherein guilt or innocence was determined by the ability of the accused to
come unharmed through dangerous and painful test.
✓ CHARLEMAGNE – in Latin he was Carolus Magnus (Charles the Great), king of the Franks (768 –
814) and emperor of the Romans (800 – 814). During his reign, Charlemagne built a kingdom that
included almost all of western and central Europe. He gave bishops the power to act real judges
that enabled bishop tribunal to rule on secular matters
C. Early 12th Century in England:
✓ COMPENSATION (recompense or payment) by the outlaws became a practice of the ruling society
✓ Payments given by law violators was the source of revenue (income) for the English Kings
D. Mid – 12th Century in England
✓ Common practice of punishment was whipping or lashing of vagabonds,
lunatics, and petty offenders
✓ CAT – O’ – NINE – TAILS – a lash of 9 knotted thongs of raw hide
attached to a solid handle, used in flogging/whipping, which was the most popular method of
corporal punishment in the 18th century
✓ Public Exhibition or Public Humiliation became a serious penalty.
This was common when the people became more aware of the value of
man’s dignity and integrity
✓ Detention facilities came into existence such as cellars, gatehouses
and towers. These places were not however purposely or intentionally
made for imprisonment but only for detaining delinquent persons
E. 13th Century
✓ SECURING SANCTUARY – During the 13th century, a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming
refuge to a foreign place. A criminal was compelled to leave his community by following a road or
path assigned to him
✓ 1468 in England – torture became a favored form of punishment
F. 16th Century
✓ TRANSPORTATION OF CRIMINALS – in England, this practice was authorized at the end of the
16th century followed by Russia and other European countries. This system partially relieved
overcrowding of prisons. Transportation system was abandoned in 1875.
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✓ 1576 – English parliament passed a law calling for each country to

build its own Bridewell. The Bridewell workhouse was built to house
London’s undesirables. In theory, Bridewell and other workhouses like it
were established to help prisoners acquire special skills through their
labor as crafts people. In reality, these workhouses represented private
profiteering where workhouse officials and mercantile interests benefited
greatly from the unpaid labor of the prisoners. The workhouse concept continued well into the
1700’s.
G. 17th Century in England
Death penalty became a common punishment. In 1688, 50 offenders were already punished
by death
H. Late 18th Century in England
More than 200 statutes (laws) were already active that imposed Capital Punishment
(death). The following are the general reasons why death or capital punishment became the
usual penalty during this period and thereafter:
1. Death of outlaws became a “protection for the English people”. It was because the people during
this period did not totally believe yet in the ability of a strong police force to combat criminals
2. People lack confidence in the transportation of criminals. GAOLS and GALLEYS became centers of
corruption and ineffective instruments of punishment
3. Doctrine of CRUDE INTIMIDATION appeared or seemed to be a logical form of threat in order to
deter or prevent the people from violating the law
4. The assumption was that the RULING CLASS was tasked to protect property rights and maintain
public peace and order. The system of maintaining public order had little consideration or it did not
recognize the social and economic condition of the lower – working class of people. The lawmakers
and enforcers used death penalty to cover property loss or damage without further contemplating
the value of life of the other people.
EARLY CODES (Philippine Setting)
The Philippines is one of the many countries that came under the influence of the Roman law.
History has shown that the Roman Empire reached its greatest extent to most of continental Europe such
as Spain, Portugal, French and all of Central Europe. Mostly tribal traditions, customs and practices
influenced laws during the pre – Spanish Philippines. There were also laws that were written which include:
a) The code of Kalantiao (promulgated in 1433) – the most extensive and severe law that prescribes
harsh punishment
b) The Maragtas Code (by Datu Sumakwel of Panay in 1250) – This is the first law ever written which
focuses on the penalty for those who are lazy.
c) Sikatuna Law
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Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Illustrate or write the events in the historical background of penology as they
happened in the text. You may not need to use all of the boxes.
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LESSON 3 DEVELOPMENT OF PRISONS
Reading Guide: Read the following information. Think: What is the main idea?
What are the supporting details? Highlight the major ideas or keywords so that
you will not forget them. Take note that there will be an activity after this so you
really need to read and study it.
Prisons were unknown in the ancient world. Instead, there were dungeons in the castles, or filthy
and nauseating airless caves serving as detention cells for persons whose crimes are punishable with
penalties other than imprisonment.
First house of Corrections – About the year 1552, the authorities of London, England, selected what had
been a palace inst. Bridget’s well (Latter corrupted to Bridewell) for looking up, employing, and whipping
beggars, prostitutes, and night walkers of all sorts. Thus, England obtain its first house of correction, and
the name Bridewell came in time to be applied not only to this particular institution but to any institution of
this kind. (Caldwell, ibid., page 439).
What are Gaols – Goals are poorly constructed, incinerate, damp, drafty or airless, gloomy
dungeons, foul smelling places of detention in England in the early eighteenth century. The inmates are
poorly clothed, without privacy, and the conditions so deplorable that disease thrive, especially the deadly
typhus or goal fever, which claim many victims among the inmates of the said goals but even the lawyers
and other officials who by their work spawn idleness, vice, perversion, profligacy, shameless exploitation,
and ruthless cruelty among its inmates as well as its caretakers thereby making them hotbeds of infection
and cesspools of corruption.
Penal Reform Workers – While the goals were rotting and deteriorating “forces were already
operating, however, to produce a change in the treatment of criminals. The barbarism and evils or the old
order in Europe had been effectively attacked in the writings of the French philosophers, such as
Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Turgot, and Condorcet, and their English associates and contemporaries,
like David Hume, Adam Smith, Thomas Paine, and Jeremy Bentham. The doctrine of these writers
introduce rationalism into social and political philosophy and with it the unshakable belief that a better social
order could be had through the use of reason. They upheld man as the supreme achievement of God’s
creative ingenuity and emphasized its importance more than any previous thinkers save some Greeksand
Romans and a few of the more radical humanists of the Rennaisance.” (Caldwell, ibid., page 495)
John Howard, the “Hulks” and the origin of the English Prisoner – John Howard, is a grim and
conscientious English Puritan who crusaded for a better and humane treatment of prisoners, even risked
his life in entering the terrible airless, gloomy goals and dungeons, devoid of any sanitation, so that the
terrible smell of putrefaction, even clung to his notes and clothes, aside from being the domain of vermin
(bedbugs, lice, mosquitoes, flies, etc.) which harbored, and spread the deadly typhus or “goal fever”, killing
not only the inmates, but all those who entered the said areas, was the person responsible in presenting
the terrible and harsh conditions of English goals to the authorities.
Since the American Revolution which started in 1776, supported the transportation of prisoners to
the American colonies, and the “Hulks” or prisonships were dangerously over crowded, English leaders like
sir William Balckstone and Sir William Eden following crusader John Howard’s ideas of primitive
imprisonment drafted a bill for the construction of more national penitentiaries or prisons. Although the bill
was approved, it was never implemented.
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The “Hulks” or “Hulk” are old sailing ships (usually warship) that are no longer used for sea voyages
or naval operation, but are anchored in some English port, where they were used as prisons or places of
confinement or convicted criminals.
The Panopticon – The “Panopticon” or inspection prison house, is a building plan made by Jeremy
Bentham, a noted English exponent of the classical school of criminology, which called for a tank like
structure, covered by a glass roof. The cells were to be arranged around a central apartment from which
the custodians could keep all cells under close observation. The “Panopticon” plan of Bentham was never
built inspite of a contract with the English authorities for its construction at state expense. (Caldwell, ibid.,
497).
The First English Prison – Due to the efforts and revelations of the terrible conditions of English
goals by crusader John Howard, and the new theories, the construction of the Milibank Penetiary was
started in 1812, and was finished in 1821. The new prison that was constructed on the reformation-by-
solitude theory was a huge, gloomy and many-towered prison, which looked like a thick-spooked wheel,
containing three miles of corridors and hundreds of cells. The cost was at that time (1812-1821) was nearly
two million of five hundred ($2, 500, 000.00) dollars. (Caldwell, ibid.)
Early American Penal Institutions – When the English immigrants settled in America they enacted
laws providing for the construction of goals and houses of corrections, transplanted from England, William
Penn, the Quaker leader of Pennsylvania adopted in 1682, the “Great Law” with its criminal code and its
additions in 1863, wherein it was provided that all prisons should be workshops for “felons, thieves,
vagrants, and loose abusive and idle persons.” This workhouse was intended to be an important penal
institution since the predominant modes of punishment under the Quaker Criminal imprisonment or hard
labor and imposition of fines.
Therefore, even William Penn’s colony, the goal was the characteristics penal institution and was
used for all kinds of criminals, debtors, and vagrants. (Caldwell, ibid., 501)
Prisons should be Penitentiaries – The Quakers believed that the prevention of crime was the sole
end of punishment, and that did not serve this end cruel and tyrannical. Penalties should be apportioned to
the offense so that the criminal might not be plunged more deeply into evil ways. The prison should be
penitentiary, that is, a place where persons might reflect upon their crimes and become penitent, and this it
was produced better man and women, not to make them more vicious and perverted. (Caldwell, ibid., 503)
The Pennsylvania Reform Act of 1790 – This is one of the reform laws which was approved by the
Pennsylvania State government dated April 1790, which was instituted reforms in the criminal code which
was thoroughly revised. It abolished corporal punishment, and a limited capital offense was reduced to only
one, that is first-degree murder. Imprisonment at hard labor was instituted as punishment for other serious
crimes.
The Walnut State Prison – The first prison in the United States was the Walnut Street Jail in
Philadelphia, which was converted into a state by virtue of various state approved from 1789 to 1794. It
established the principle of solitary confinement by the construction of an additional building which house
the worst type of prisoners in separate cells. The Walnut Street Jail, which was originally constructed as a
detention jail became the first American penitentiary.
Difference Between Prison and Penitentiary – At present the term “prison” and “penitentiary” are
used synonymously, but they are not the as used by the Quakers of Pennsylvania sought to create in the
Walnut street jail, now converted into the Walnut State Prison. (Caldwell, ibid., 504)
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The New Gate Prison – Although known as the New Gate Prison, it was not a real prison, but an
abandoned copper mine located at Simsbury, Connecticut, the inmates are confined underground and was
considered a black hole of horrors, which really belonged to the barbaric past. A prison in Wethersfield,
Connecticut superseded it in 1827. (Caldwell, ibid., 504)
The Auburn and the Pennsylvania System – two prison system evolved and emerged in the early
part of the 1800. These were the Auburn System and the Pennsylvania Prison System. The Auburn System
was inaugurated in 1819 in Auburn, New York, after the conditions at the New Gate Prison in New York
have become intolerable. The Auburn System is characterized by locking the inmates in separate cells at
night but worked together in enforced silence in congregate workshops during the day.
Another characteristic of the Auburn Prison, is that the builder for reason of economy, placed the
cells in tiers back within a hallow building, and the doors of the cells opening out upon galleries which were
ten feet from the outer wall. This emerged the interior cellblock, which has become one of unique
characteristics of American prisons. (Caldwell, ibid., 509)
Goal Implementation Method Activity
Pennsylvania Redemption of the Isolation, Inmates are kept in Bible reading,

offender through the penance, their cells for work on crafts in
(Separate System)
well-ordered routine contemplation, eating, sleeping, cell
of the prison labor, silence and working
New York (Auburn) Redemption of the Strict discipline, Inmates sleep in Work together in
offender through the obedience, labor, their cells but come shops making
(Congregate System) well-ordered routine silence together to eat and goods to be sold
of the prison work by the state
In 1829, the Eastern Penitentiary was opened at Cherry Hill, Philadelphia. It was constructed in a
radial form with seven blocks of outside cells, where they lived, slept, read his bible and other religious
tracts, and received moral instructions. Convicts also are given work such as weaving tailoring, shoemaking
and carpentry in their solitary cells.
The Auburn prison system was widely adopted in almost all-American states, except Pennsylvania,
while most European countries patterned their prisons from the Pennsylvania prison system.
Institutions for Juvenile Delinquents – The first juvenile reformatory was the New York House of
Refugee, which was opened in January 1825. Located in New York City, its purpose was to protect children
from vice, poverty, and neglect and to remove them from the degrading association with hardened criminals
in the country jails and state prison. The House of Reformation was opened in 1826 at Boston, while
Philadelphia founded its house of Refuge in 1828. New Orleans erected its municipal boy’s reformatory in
1848. All these reformatories were constructed with private funds, and son do with their maintenance by
private reform societies. It was only in 1847, when the state of Massachusetts opened a reform school for
boys at Westborough (now known as the Lyman for boys) which is considered as the first public institution
for juvenile delinquents in the United States. (Caldwell, ibid., 1512)
Purposes and effects of the institutions for juvenile delinquents – The purpose and intention of the
founders of the institutions for juvenile delinquents was that they (institutions) should serve as schools,
where these juvenile delinquents were to be reformed and given the necessary instructions as boys should
be educated. However, the effect was the opposite for in actual practice, they retained much of the
atmosphere and methods of treatment found in penal institutions for adults. If these juvenile delinquents
were benefited then chief value was that these juveniles were removed from.
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Macanochie and the Mark System – Captain Alexander Macanochie of the English Royal Navy after
being appointed to the Norfolk Island penal colony (1,000miles east of Australia) in 1840, introduced into
that colony of hardened criminals living under the most degrading conditions, a mark system as his chief
instrument for the establishment of good order and efficient administration in the colony. Actually, the
fundamental principle of Macanochie’s mark system was based on the substitution of a specific task for the
customary time sentences. Each prisoner upon arrival at the Norfolk Island penal colony, he was debited
with a number of marks proportional to the seriousness of his offense. By proper department, labor, and
study, the prisoner can redeem those marks against him, and when these marks are cancelled (for good
behavior), he was eligible for conditional release or ticket of leave, which is equivalent to parole.
It is also by means of another forms of marks that the prisoner was given food, supplies, and special
privileges, and in case a prisoner commits a misconduct or misbehavior, he will be lost or forfeit them.
Macanochie’s purpose of the system was to give the prisoner an incentive to work and improve himself
through the development of his initiatives and responsibility (Caldwell, ibid., 513). For the contributions of
Alexander Macanochie, he is considered as one of the fathers of modern penology.
The Irish System – In 1954, Sir Walter Crofton became the director of the Irish Prisons. Using the
make system of Macanochie, Crofton evolved a system incorporating the old practices in the English
prisons and his own program. First, the prisoner must serve twelve (12) months of solitary confinement;
Second, work in association with other convicts, chiefly in outdoor labor to public works; Third, conditional
release, for a period of remission earned by hard work and good conduct, which was always liable to
revocation. To these three stages, Crofton added a fourth, which was known as the “Intermediate Prison”,
and this stage which was never less than six months, the prisoners lived in comparative freedom under the
supervision of a few armed guards. They work together and were house in unlocked portable huts.
(Caldwell, ibid., 514)
Elmira and the American Reformatory System – The Elmira Reformatory, New York, a person
constructed like typical Auburn Prison, was opened in 1876, with Zebulon R. Brockway as the first
superintendent. The reformatories housed youthful offenders between ages sixteen (16) and thirty (30) and
were first offenders.
Differing from the typical prisons of the time were two outstanding features, such as:
1) sentences to the reformatory were indeterminate, and prisoners could be released on parole; and
2) all inmates in the reformatory were graded into three classes according to achievement and
conduct.
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Upon admission to the reformatory, prisoners are placed in the second grade for the first six
months, and on earning the required marks, and for good conduct and behavior and good marks, he
was qualified or eligible for parole. However, for bad conduct or misbehavior, the prisoner maybe
demoted to third grade, which requires good conduct or behavior for one month before he can be
restored to the second grade and on to qualification for parole. Legal basis of the Elmira
Reformatory System was the indeterminate sentence and good conduct and behavior of the
prisoner in Elmira.
Effects of the Elmira Reformatory System in Penology – The Elmira Reformatory System was
received with great enthusiasm throughout the world. However, the movement reach its peak was on the
lead line by 1910. The factors that made it fail was the same as in other systems in the past are:
1) persistent pre-occupation with mere custody, and security that stifled ingenuity and enterprise. Even
itself was constructed as a maximum-security prison for hardened criminal; and
2) inadequate appropriations, incompetent personnel politics, overcrowding, and repressive discipline
helped to complete the picture of bitter disillusionment and failure. The reformatories soon became
juniors in which education and trade training were largely nominal and the grading system
degenerated into a mechanical routine.
The Borstal Institutions and its System – Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise, an English director of prisons
after visiting the Elmira and the Massachusetts Reformatory at Concord in 1897 opened a specialized at
the small town of Borstal for male offenders between ages of sixteen and twenty-one. The Borstal System,
which became famous in that time, was based entirely on individualized – urgent both in institution and
during the period of aftercare. (Caldwell, ibid., 516)
Contribution to American Penology of the reformatory. – Period (1870 – 1900) – The two lasting
contributions to American penology of the reformatory period were;
1) The introduction of indeterminate sentence and parole; and

2) The establishment of the positive reform program through education. Although the second failed,
chiefly because of inadequacy and incompetence of the prison personnel, it did modify the thinking
and the recognized objective of the Auburn type of institution and made discipline and routine more
tolerable. (Caldwell, ibid)
The Industrial Prison Movement – (1900 – 1935) and its Effects. – The American prison with its
Auburn type of construction and program, which were custodial, punitive and industrial also helped in the
financial side of the maintenance of the prisons. They manufactured goods for sale to general public, which
competed with goods produced by free industry and organized labor. Aside from this, criminal statistics
rosed, which alarmed the lawmakers in Washington D.C., who conducted a series of investigations into the
matter. These congregational investigations which affirmed the existence of a crime wave attributed to the
failure of the federal and state prisons to perform their program of reforming and rehabilitating the prisoners
as they were busy making the prisons into factories approved in 1929 the Hawes – Copper Act and in
1935, the Ashurst – Sumners Act. These laws are called “enabling acts” which were designed to encourage
the different state to pass laws restricting the sale of prison-made goods to the public, except to
government agencies and offices. These laws stopped the Industrial Prison Movement.
14
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
15
THE EMERGENCE OF SECULAR LAW
4th A.D. – Secular Laws were advocated by Christian Philisophers who recognizes the need for
justice. Some of the proponents these laws were St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas.
Three Laws were distinguished:

1. External Law (Lex Externa)
2. Natural Law (Lex Naturalis)
3. Human Law (Lex Humana)
All these laws are intended for the common good, but the Human Law only becomes valid if it does
not conflict with the other two laws.
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

18th century is the century of change; it is the period of recognizing human dignity. It is the
movement of reformation, the period of introduction of certain reforms in the correctional field by certain
person.
THE PIONEERS OF CORRECTIONAL REFORM
1. William Penn (1614 – 1718)

- He fought for religious freedom and individual rights
- The first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major offenders.
- He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture as a form of punishment.
2. Isaac Newton
- Published a book entitled ‘Principia” (1687)
- Encouraged intellectuals to investigate social and scientific phenomena methodically and
objectively
3. John Locke
- “Essay concerning Human Understanding and his Second Treatise on Government” (1690).
4. Charles Montesquieu (Charles Louis Secondat – Baron De La Brode et de Montesquieu) –

(1689 – 1755)
- A French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice. He believes
that harsh punishment would undermine morality and that appealing to moral sentiments as
better means of preventing crime. He confronted religion and the historical role of the church
in the political arrangement of society, and published a book entitled, “Spirit of the Laws”
(1748).
5. Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) (1694 – 1778)

- He was the most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He believes that shame was a
deterrent to crime. He fought the legality – sanctioned practice of torture.
6. Cesare Bonesa, Marquise De Becarria (1738 – 1794)

- He wrote an essay entitled “An Essay on Crime and Punishment”, the most exciting on law
during this century. It presented the humanistic goal of law.
7. Jeremy Bentham (1748 – 1632)

- The greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal Law. He believes that whatever
punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime the
crime would go down.
- The one who designed the Panoptican Prison, which became as the “ultimate penitentiary” or
“inspection house”. Came from a Greek word which means “everything” and a “place of sight”.
A prison that consists of circular building containing multi – cells around the periphery, but it
was never built.
8. John Howard (1726 – 1790)
16
- The sheriff of Bedfordchire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. After his
findings on English Prisons, he recommended the following:
✓ Single cells for sleeping
✓ Segregation of women
✓ Provision of youth
✓ Provision of sanitation facilities
✓ Abolition of fee system
- Howard died of jail fever (typhus) in 1790 while inspecting a prison in Russia.
9. Alexander Maconochie
- He is the Superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia (1840) who
introduced the “Mark System”. A system in which a prisoner is required to earn a number of
marks based on proper department, labor and study in order to entitle him a ticket for leave or
conditional release which is similar to parole.
10. Manuel Montesimos

- The director of prisons in Valencia Spain (1835) who divided the number of prisoners into
companies and appointed certain prisoners as petty officers in charge, which allowed good
behavior to prepare the convict for gradual release.
11. Domets of France

- Established an agricultural colony for delinquent boy in 1839 providing housefathers as in
charge of these boys.
12. Walter Crofton

- He is the director of the Irish Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish System that was
modified from the Maconochie’s Mark System
13. Zebulon Brockway

- He is the director of Elmira Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced certain
innovational programs like the following:
✓ Training school type
✓ Education of prisoners
✓ Casework methods
✓ Extensive use of parole
✓ Indeterminate sentence
14. Sir Evelyn Ruggles – Brise

- An English director of prisons after visiting the Elmira Reformatory and THE
MASSACHUSSETES REFORMATORY AT CONCORD in 1897 opened a specialized at the
small town of Borstal for male offenders between ages of 16 – 21. It was based entirely on
individualized – treatment, both in the institution and during the period of aftercare.
CESARE BECCARIA AND PENAL REFORM

1. The criminal law should be clear, so that all could know and understand it
2. Torture to obtain confession, should be abolished
3. Judges should be impartial, and the sovereign who makes the laws should determine guilt or
innocence
4. The accused should be allotted the time and resources necessary for their defense
5. Death penalty should be abolished
6. Secret accusations and royal warrants for the imprisonment of people without traits should be done
away with.
7. Punishment should be quick, certain and commensurate with the crime
8. The true measures of crime should be the harm done to the rights and liberties of individuals in
society, rather than vague standards of moral value.
17
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Among the important personalities in the study of correction, choose at least five
(5) whom do you thing has the greatest contribution. Then explain briefly but substantially the
impacts of their contributions in modern day correction.
Name of Personality Explanation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
18
Rubric
Indicators 8 6 4 2
Ideas and There is clear, well Main idea is clear, but Main idea is The main idea is not
Content focused topic. Main the supporting somewhat clear. There is
idea stands out and information is general clear, but there seemingly random
is supported by is a need for collection of
detailed information supporting information.
information
Organization Details are placed in Details are placed in a Some details Many details are not
a logical order, and logical order, but the are not in a in a logical order.
the way they are way in which they are logical order, There is little
presented effectively presented sometimes and this evidence that the
keeps the interest of makes the writing less distracts the writing is organized
the reader. interesting. reader.
Grammar & Writer makes Writer makes error/s
Spelling no errors in in grammar or
grammar or spelling.
spelling
REFERENCES
Jr., A. R. (2000). Counseling, Treatment, and Intervention Methods with
Juvenile and Adult Offenders (Counseling with Juvenile & Adult
Offenders). (1st ed.). Brooks Cole. Singapore: Thomson Asian Edition.
Muncie, J. (2015). Youth and Crime (4th ed.) London: Sage Publications Ltd.
www.easyteaching.net
19
FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
1. Describe the concept of punishment, the purposes, justification and the limitations of
its application.
2. Illustrate the ancient and contemporary forms of punishment
LESSON 1 ANCIENT FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
Punishment defined:
- Is the redress that the state takes against an offending number of societies that usually involves
pain and suffering
A. DEATH PENALTY/CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – Effected by burning, beheading, hanging,

garroting, breaking at the wheels, crucifying, strangling and other forms of medieval executions.
Poisoning, this was emerged as an elitist from of capital punishment. SOCRATES remains one of
the most famous figures to be executed in this manner.
B. PHYSICAL TORTURE – Maiming, mutilation, whipping and other inhumane or barbaric form of
inflicting pain, pillory/gibbeting (public scorn).
C. SOCIAL DEGRADATION – Putting the offender into shame or humiliation.
D. BANISHMENT OR EXILE – OSTRACISM – Sending or putting away of an offender which was
carried by prohibition against coming into a specific territory. For over ten years the person will be
exiled and this is derived from the vote of the citizens.
EARLY FORMS OF PRISON DISCIPLINE

1. HARD LABOR – Productive works. To produce more products to be delivered.
2. DEPRIVATION – Deprivation of everything expect the essential of existence
3. MONOTOMY – Giving the same food that is “off” diet, or requiring the prisoner to perform drab or
boring daily routine
4. UNIFORMITY – “we treat the prisoner alike”, the fault of one is the fault of all
5. MASS MOVEMENT – Mass living in cellblocks, mass eating, mass recreation, mass bathing.
6. DEGRADATION – Uttering insulting words or language on the part of the prison staff for the
prisoner to degrade or break the confidence of prisoners.
7. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – Imposing brutal punishment or employing physical for to intimidate a
delinquent inmate.
8. ISOLATION OR SOLITARY CONFINEMENT – Non-communication, limited news “The lone wolf”.
CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
1. IMPRISONMENT
• Putting the offender in the prison
• For the purpose of protecting the public
• The same time rehabilitating the prisoners
2. PAROLE
• Conditional release of a prisoner after serving part of his/her sentence in prison.
3. PROBATION
• Disposition whereby a defendant after conviction of an offense the penalty of which does not
exceed six years imprisonment; is released subject.
4. FINE
• An amount given as a compensation for criminal act.
5. DESTIERRO
• Penalty of banishing a person from the place where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to
get near or enter 25 kilometers perimeter.
20
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Explain /answer briefly but substantially the following statements/questions. Write it in
a long bond paper. Write legibly and as much as possible avoid erasures. (100 points)
1. Is death penalty effective as a form of punishment? Why/ Why not?
2. What do you think are the advantages/disadvantages of death penalty? Give at least
10 each.
3. If the ancient forms of punishment are still enforcing nowadays, what do you think are
the impacts of these in our existing criminal justice system?
4. If you were to choose among the early forms of prison discipline, what do you think
will be effective to improve prison/jail discipline considering its current situation in
the Philippines?
5. Compare and contrast the ancient and contemporary forms of punishment?
Rubric
INDICATORS 8 6 4 2 Score
IDEAS & There is clear, well Main idea is clear, Main idea is The main idea is
CONTENT focused topic. Main but the supporting somewhat clear, but not clear. There is
idea stands out and information is there is a need for seemingly random
is supported by general supporting collection of
detailed information information information
ORGANIZATION Details are placed in Details are placed Some details are Many details are
a logical order, and in a logical order, not in a logical not in a logical
the way they are but the way in order, and this order. There is
presented effectively which they are distracts the reader little evidence that
keeps the interest of presented the writing is
the reader sometimes makes organized
the writing less
interesting
GRAMMARS & Writer makes no Writer makes
SPELLING errors in grammar error/s in grammar
or spelling or spelling
Total Score
21
LESSON 2 JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMEMT
1. RETRIBUTION- the punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is violated to
afford the society or the individual the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable
punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be punished they deserve it.
2. EXPIATION/ATONEMENT – group vengeance
3. DETERRENCE- punishment gives lesson to the offender by showing to the others what would be
happen to them they violate the law
a. Specific- specific crime and the offender
b. General- fear for the community so that they will not commit a crime
4. INCAPACITATION AND PROTECTION- the public will be protected if the offender has been held in
conditioning where he can no harm others especially the public.
5. REFORMATION/REHABILITATION- the establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the

offender
JURIDICAL CONDITIONS OF PENALTY
A. PRODUCTIVE OF SUFFERING
• Without however affecting the integrity of the human personality
B. COMMENSURATE WITH THE OFFENSE
• Different crimes must be punished with different penalties (Art. 25, RPC).
C. PERSONAL
• The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
D. LEGAL
• The consequence must be in accordance with law.
E. EQUAL
• Equal to all person
F. CERTAIN
• No one must escape its effects
G. CORRECTIONAL
• Changes the attitude of offenders and become a law-abiding citizen
PENALTIES AS TO GRAVITY (DURATION)
1. DEATH PENALTY – capital punishment
2. RECLUSION PERPETUA – a term of 20-40 years imprisonment
3. RECLUSION TEMPORAL – 12 years and 1day to 20 years imprisonment
4. PRISION MAYOR – 6 years and 1 day to 12 years
5. PRISION CORRECTIONAL – 6 months and 1 day to 6 years
6. ARRESTO MAYOR – 1 month and 1 day to 6 months
7. ARRESTO MENOR – 1 day to 30 days
8. BOND TO KEEP THE PEACE – Discretionary on the part of the court
9. DESTIERRO
22
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Make a poster illustrating the justification of punishment and juridical

conditions of penalty. Place it into two separate long bond papers in landscape layout.
Rubric
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 Score
COVERAGE Details on the Details on the Details on the Details on
OF THE TOPIC poster capture poster include poster relate to the poster
the important important the topic but too have little or
information information but the general or nothing to do
about the topic audience may need incomplete. The with the main
and increase the more information to audience needs topic
audience’s understand fully the more information
understanding topic to understand
USE OF GRAPHIC All graphics are All graphics are All graphics are Graphics do
related to the related to the topic related to the not relate to
topic and make and most make it topic the topic
it easier to easier to
understand understand
ATTRACTIVENESS The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in terms acceptably distractingly
attractive in of lay out and attractive though messy or
terms of design, neatness it may be bit very poorly
layout and messy designed. It
neatness is not
attractive
CREATIVITY Very creative Shows many Some creative No creation
creative ideas ideas used has been
used
ORGANIZATION Poster is well Poster is organized Poster is together Poster is
organized and well but still a little okay but it is poorly put
easy to difficult to difficult to together and
understand understand understand very difficult
to
understand
Total Score
REFERENCES
References:
MaConville, S. (2003). The Use of Punishment (1st ed.). USA: Routledge.
Tony, M. (2006). The Future of Imprisonment (Illustrated ed.). New York:
Oxford University Press.
23
JAIL AND PRISON
1. Explain the difference of a prison and a jail.

2. Distinguish prisoners from the status of their cases and their penalties
3. Discuss the importance of jails to inmates.
LESSON 1 JAIL VS. PRISON
PRISON
- Penitentiary an institution for the imprisonment (incarceration) of person convicted of major /serious
crimes
- A building usually with cells, or other places established for the purpose of taking safe custody or
confinement of criminals
- A place of confinement for those charged with or convicted of offenses against the laws of the land.
JAIL
- Jail an institution for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition of their criminal
cases and also for the service of those convicted and punished with shorter sentences usually up to
three years.
- It is a place for locking up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses.
NOTE: The population of jail and prison including penal farms and penal colonies except
the personnel are called inmates; prisoners with exception of jails whose inmates are
undergoing trial of their respective cases are also called detainees.
TYPES OF JAILS
The modern jail system falls into 3 general classes.
1. The Lock-up
- This is a security facility usually operated by police department for the temporary detention
of persons held for investigation or awaiting preliminary hearing.
2. The Jail
- It houses both offenders awaiting court action and those sentenced, up to three (3) years. A
facility available for the detention of juvenile offenders and for the care of the non-criminal
insane pending commitment to the state of psychopath hospital.
3. The Workhouse Jail-farm or Camp
- This is an institution that house minimum custody offenders serving short sentence, usually
not more than three (3) years. Like jails, they are operated by city police department or by
the provincial jail administrator
GENERAL CATEGORIES OF INMATES
a. Prisoner - inmate who is convicted by final judgment; and
b. Detainee - inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or awaiting final judgment
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES
1. DETENTION INMATES/DETAINEES
✓ Those undergoing investigation
✓ Those awaiting or undergoing trial
✓ Those awaiting final judgment
24
2. SENTENCED INMATES / PRISONERS

✓ Offenders who are committed to the jail or prison in order to serve their sentence after final
conviction by a competent court
✓ Prisoners under the jurisdiction of penal institution
3. INMATES WHO ARE ON SAFEKEEPING

✓ Includes non – criminal offenders who are detained in order to protect the community against
their harmful behavior. Example: mentally deranged individuals, insane person
✓ Safekeeping is the temporary custody of a person or the detention of a person for his own
protection or care, to secure from liability to harm injury or danger.
INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

a. High Profile Inmate
b. High Risk Inmate
c. High Value Target (HVT)
d. Security Threat Group
e. Subversive Group
f. Violent Extremist Offender (VEO)
g. Medium Risk Inmates
h. Minimum Risk Inmates (Ordinary Inmates)
WHEN JUDGMENT OF CONVICTION BECOMES FINAL:

1. After the lapse of perfecting an appeal which is 15 days upon promulgation of judgment
2. When the sentence has been partially or totally satisfied or served
3. When the accused expressly waives in writing his right to appeal
4. When the accused applies for probation
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
1. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS

✓ Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment.
Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment cited above but appealed the judgment
and unable to file a bond for their temporary liberty.
2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS
✓ Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 5
years or a fine not more than 1,000 pesos or both; those detained therein waiting for
preliminary investigation of their cases cognizable by the RTC.
3. CITY PRISONERS
✓ Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a fine of not more
than 1,000 pesos or both. Those detained therein whose cases filed with the MTC.
4. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS
✓ Those confined in municipal jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6 months. Those
detained therein whose trials of their cases are pending with the MTC.
PRISONERS/DETAINEE: Defined a prisoner/detainee is a person committed to jail/prison by a competent

court or authority for any of the following reasons: (a) To serve a sentence after conviction, (b) Trial and (c)
Investigation.
How to consider a Person committed to Jail or Prison?
1. Consider him as a human being.
2. Consider him as a dangerous person.
3. Consider him always as dangerous person.
4. Always search a person committed to jail/prison.
a. look for contraband/s
b. to look for dangerous weapons he may use to kill himself or others.
c. To look for evidence for the commission of another offense.
25
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Explain the difference of Jail and Prison by completing the table below.
JAIL vs. PRISON

As to term of Penalty:
As to inmates
As to Administration
As to Head of the
Institution
Instruction: Distinguish the classification of the following prisoners from the status of their
cases and their penalties.
___________________1. A prisoner detained at provincial jail and sentenced by lower courts to prison
terms exceeding three (3) years, whether or not he/she has appealed.
___________________2. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years
___________________3. A person sentenced for violation of customs law or other laws within the
jurisdiction of Bureau of Customs or enforceable by it.
___________________4. A prisoner sentenced to not more than one (1) year
___________________5. A prisoner sentenced to one (1) year and one (1) day to not more than three (3)
years
___________________6. A person committed to the BuCor by a court or competent authority for
temporary confinement
___________________7. A prisoner sentenced to a fine of more than five thousand pesos
___________________8. A prisoner sentenced to serve two (2) or more prison sentences in the aggregate
exceeding the period of three (3) years
___________________9. A person sentenced for violation of immigration and election laws
___________________10. A person convicted of violation of municipal ordinance.
26
LESSON 2 IMPORTANCE OF JAIL
Jail are intended for the purpose of letting one, pay for a crime he committed, or to serve as a form
of punishment of sorts, but to; enable the wrongdoer to be reformed and rehabilitated so that after his
release he will become a law abiding and useful citizen in the community.
Halfway House
These are group of homes designed to help institutionalized people adjust to life in the outside
community. Individual halfway houses typically serve 15 to
30 residents at any given time and their programs are
structured differently according to institutions prisons,
psychiatric hospitals, or substance abuse treatment
facilities. Halfway houses for psychiatric patients in the US
proliferated in the 1960’s, in part due to a popular reaction
against long-term institutionalization of mental patients.
Concurrently, penal expert began to see a need for
“transitional facilities” for long-term prisons. It is difficult to
estimate how many halfway houses are there in US, but
they number in thousands.
Furloughs
These are short term escorted or unescorted trips away from the prison, granted so that the inmates
can find jobs or housing prior to release; participate in treatment or religious programs, recreation or
shopping; or strengthen family ties. They are different from release for emergency purposes, which are only
granted to inmates for serious family illness or death.
Conjugal Visits
Conjugal visits are offered to inmates under the care of Bureau of Correction. However, there are
strict guidelines and procedures. Conjugal visits are only allowed to eligible legally married inmates. The
spouse of the inmates must provide proof of marriage.
Inmates that qualify for conjugal visits are those that are “A” or “B” custody (minimum custody
levels) and maintain an acceptable level of good behaviour. In addition, eligible inmates cannot cannot
have rule violation report (a report that is written after a rule is broken such as fighting, swearing, etc.) in
the last 6 months.
Inmates that are identified to be at risk of transmitting HIV or any other sexually transmitted disease
to a non-infected person are not eligible for conjugal visits. Inmates are given one hour for a conjugal visit
and provide with the following items: soap, condoms, tissue, sheets, pillowcase, face towel and a bath
towel. The inmate and spouse are search before and after each visit for security reasons.
Shakedown:
A search of a cell, work area, or person. The most common complaint by a prisoner is that property
is lost, destroyed, or left scattered after the search.
Greyhound:
Searches on offenders and visitors entering the jail facilities are religiously conducted to prevent
entry of a contraband and other deadly weapons and to ensure the safety and security of offenders, visitors
and personnel. No one is allowed to pass the gate without being subjected to body search and inspection.
27
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Explain /answer briefly but substantially the following statements/questions. Write it in
a long bond paper. Write legibly and as much as possible avoid erasures. (60 points)
1. Discuss further the role of halfway house to inmates?
2. Elaborate the importance of having furlough as a privilege to inmates?
3. In your own opinion, why does conjugal visits are offered to inmates?
Rubric
IDEAS & There is clear, well Main idea is clear, Main idea is The main idea is not
CONTENT focused topic. Main but the supporting somewhat clear, but clear. There is seemingly
idea stands out and information is there is a need for random collection of
is supported by general supporting information
detailed information information
ORGANIZATION Details are placed in Details are placed Some details are Many details are not in a
a logical order, and in a logical order, not in a logical logical order. There is
the way they are but the way in order, and this little evidence that the
presented effectively which they are distracts the reader writing is organized
keeps the interest of presented
the reader sometimes makes
the writing less
interesting
GRAMMARS & Writer makes no Writer makes error/s in
SPELLING errors in grammar grammar or spelling
or spelling
Total Score
REFERENCES
Mays, G.L. & Winfree L.T. (1998). Contemporary Corrections. California:
Wardsworth.
Siege, L. J., & Worrall, J. L. (2016) Essentials of Criminal Justice (10th ed.).
Asia: Cengage Learning.
28
CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Trace the history of prisons and jails in the Philippines; and

2. Explain the organizational set up of the Bureau of Corrections.
HISTORICAL SETTING OF CORRECTION

LESSON 1
IN THE PHILIPPINES
✓ The Philippines is one of the many countries that were under the influence of the Roman Law
✓ Eventually, the Spanish Civil Code became effective in the Philippines on December 7, 1889,
the “Conquistadores”
✓ The “Kodigo Penal” (now Revised Penal Code) was also introduced and promulgated by the
King of Spain.
✓ Basically, these laws adopted the Roman Law Principles.
✓ Mostly, tribal traditions, customs, and practices influences laws during the pre-Spanish
Philippines.
✓ There were also laws that were written which includes the Code of Kalantiao (1433) the most
extensive and severe law that prescribes harsh punishment and the Maragtas code (1250) by
Datu Sumakwel.
THE PHILIPPINE PENAL SYSTEM
The correctional system in the Philippines is composed of six (6) agencies under three (3) distinct
and separate executive departments of the national government, namely:
1. The Department of Justice (DOJ), under this are:

✓ Bureau of Corrections
✓ Parole and Probation Office
✓ Board of Pardon and Parole
2. The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), under these are:
✓ District, City and Municipal Jails – which runs the District, City, and Municipal jails which is
operated by Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP).
✓ Provincial Jails – administered and supervised through their respective provincial
governments.
3. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
Bureau of Prison was renamed Bureau of Corrections under Executive Order 292 passed during the
Aquino administration. It states that the head of the Bureau of Corrections is the Director of Prisons who is
appointed by the President of the Philippines with the confirmation of the Commission on Appointments.
The bureau of corrections has general supervision and control of all national and provincial prisons
or penitentiaries. It is charged with the safekeeping of all insular prisoners confined therein or committed to
the custody of the Bureau.
29
The Bureau of Corrections is an agency under the DOJ mandated to carry out the institutional
rehabilitation program of the government for national offenders – those sentenced to more than 3 years –
and to ensure their safety custody. To achieve this, the Bureau undertakes the following:
✓ Confine persons convicted by the courts to serve a sentence in national prisons.

✓ Keep prisoners from committing crime while in custody.
✓ Provide humane treatment by supplying the inmates basic needs and offering them a variety of
rehabilitation programs designed to changed their pattern of criminal; and anti-social behavior.
✓ Engage in agro-industrial projects for the purposes of developing prison lands and resources
into productive bases or profit centers, developing and employing inmate skills and labor,
providing prisoners with a source of income and augmenting the Bureau’s yearly appropriations.
EVOLUTION OF THE PRISON SYSTEM
Institutional Penal practices in the Philippines started during the Spanish regime. The main
penitentiary was the Old Bilibid Prison in Oroqieta, Manila which was established in 1847 pursuant to
Section 1708 of the Revised Administrative Code. It was formally opened by a Royal Decree in 1865. About
4 years later, on August 21, 1869, the San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City was
established to confine Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule. The
facility which faces the Jolo Sea, has Spanish – inspired dormitories and originally sat on a 1.414-hectare
property.
When the American took over in the 1990’s, the Bureau of Prisons was created under the
Department of commerce and Police pursuant to the Reorganization Act of 1905 (RA 1407 dated 01
November 1905). San Ramon, which was destroyed during the Spanish – American War was re-
established in 1907 but it was only 01 January 1915 when the San Ramon was placed under the auspices
of the Bureau of Prisons and started receiving prisoners from Mindanao.
The Luhit (later named Iwahig) Penal Settlement was established by the Americans in 1904 on a
sprawling reservation of 28-072 hectares. It was located on the westernmost part of the Archipelago and far
from the main islands to confine incorrigibles whom the government had found little hope of rehabilitation. It
was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert
on October 15, 1912.
On January 21, 1932 the bureau opened the Davao Penal Colony in Southern Mindanao through
the Act No. 3732. Meanwhile, owing to the increasing number of committals to the old Bilibid Prison in
Manila the New Bilibid Prison was established in 1935 in Southern Suburb called Muntinlupa.
The Correctional Institution for Women was founded on November 27, 1929 and it is the one and
only prison for women in the Philippines. It was established to the Act No. 3579.
After the American occupation two or more penal institutions were constituted. Proclamation No. 72
issued on September 26, 1954, established the Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro.
And the Leyte Regional Prison was established on January 16, 1973, under Proclamation No. 1101.
30
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Illustrate the evolution of prison system in the Philippines by filling out the
diagram provided below.
EVOLUTION OF
PHILIPPINE
PRISON SYSTEM
31
LESSON 2 COVERAGE OF THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
a. NATIONAL BILIBID PRISONS (Muntinlupa, Rizal)
• New Bilibid Prisons (main building)

• Camp Sampaguita
• Camp Bukang Liwayway
b. Reception and Diagnostic Center

c. Correctional Institutions for Women (Mandaluyong)
d. The Penal Colonies
• Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm (San Jose, Occidental Mindoro)
• Iwahig Penal Colony and Farm (Palawan)
• Davao Penal Colony and Farm (Central Davao)
• San Ramon Penal Colony and Farm (Zamboanga City)
• Ilo-Ilo Penal Colony and Farm (Ilo-Ilo Province)
• Leyte Regional Prison (Abuyog, Southern Leyte)
The Agency has seven (7) operating units located nationwide, namely:
1. The New Bilibid Prison (NBP) in Muntinlupa – constructed in 1847 by virtues of Royal Decree of
the Spanish Crown – pursuant to sec. 1708 of the Revised Administrative Code.
The National Penitentiary known as the New Bilibid Prison
✓ The Maximum Security Camp
✓ The Medium security camp also
known as Camp Sampaguita – It
houses the following:
• Reception and
Diagnostic Center
• Youth and
Rehabilitation
Center
✓ The Minimum Security camp also
known as Camp Bukang
Liwayway
2. The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City – established in 1931 by
authority of Act 3579, November 27, 1929.
✓ Houses female prisoner and
conducts vocational courses in dress making,
beauty culture, handicraft, cloth weaving and slipper
making.
✓ CIW is the lone women’s

prison in the Philippines. It is supervised mostly by
female correctional officers. Like national prisons
for men, it holds all three inmate’s security
classifications – maximum, medium and minimum –
including females on death row. The NBP is the
premier prison where the lethal injection facilities
are located.
32
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm (IPPF) in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
Previously an institution for incorrigibles.
Houses well behaved and declared
tractable prisoners. Enjoys the
reputation of being one of the best open
institutions all over the world. Within this
area are four sub-colonies.
✓ Sta. Lucia Sub-colony
✓ Inagawan Sub-colony
✓ Montible Sub-colony
✓ Central Sub-colony
* Each operates as a small institution
under the charge of the Penal Supervisor.
The Iwahig Penal Colony administers the Tagumpay Settlement. The settlement is
1,000 hectares, apportion of which was divided into six (6) hectares homestead lots, which
were distributed to release inmates who desired to live in the settlement.
4. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm (SPPF) in
Occidental Mindoro
Rice is the principal product of the colony. It
is self-sufficient in rice and raises vegetables
for the colony and for the inmates of the New Bilibid
Prison. Within this area are four sub-
colonies.
✓ Central sub-colony
✓ Pasungi sub-colony
✓ Pusog sub-colony
✓ Yapang sub-colony
5. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm (SPPF) in
Zamboanga City
Copra is one of the biggest sources of income of
the San Ramon and Penal Farm. It also raises rice,
corn, coffee, cattle and livestock.
6. The Leyte Regional Prison (LPR) in Abuyog, Leyte
Created on January 16, 1973 through
Proclamation no 1101 to confine prisoners from the
Visayas region.
7. The Davao Prison and Penal Farm (DPPF) in
Panabo, Davao Province
Abaca is the main source of income of the Davao Prison and Penal Farm. The colony has
been in a joint venture with Tagum Development Company in a 3, 000-hectare banana plantation.
Each of the seven (7) prisons and penal farm is headed by a Superintendent who reports directly to
the Director of Correction.
CORRECTIONAL CENTERS
✓ Rehabilitation Centers for Youthful Offenders – Whose ages ranges from 9 to below 18 years of
age. To be committed to the care of the DSWD.
33
✓ Drug Addicts Rehabilitation Center – This center has been established for the treatment of drug
dependent. The existing Treatment and Rehabilitation Center is operated and maintained by the
NBI at Tagaytay City and being funded by the Board.
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF SECURITY
1. MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS

• Could be dangerous to the public or to the security of the state.
• Movements are restricted and they are not allowed to work the institution but rather assigned to
industrial shops with in the prison in the compound.
• They are confined at the Maximum-Security prison (NBP Main Building).
• They wear orange color of uniform.
• Prisoners includes those sentenced to serve 20 years or more. Whom sentenced are under the
review of the SC.
2. MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONERS

• Those who cannot be trusted in open condition and possess lesser danger than the maximum.
• Maybe allowed work outside the fence or walls of the penal institution, but under guards or
escorts.
• They occupy the Medium Security prison (Camp Sampaguita).
• It includes prisoners whose minimum sentence is less than 20 years and life-sentenced
prisoners who served at least 10 years inside the maximum-security prison.
• They wear blue color of uniform.
3. MINIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS

• Those who can be reasonably trusted to serve sentence under open conditions without the
presence of guards.
• They occupy the Minimum-Security prison (Camp Bukang Liwayway).
• Brown color uniforms.
In some institutions like NBP, inmate leaders live in makeshift rooms called “kubols.”
Constructed at their expense, these enclosed rooms provide some privacy during conjugal visits
and are often shared with group members. In colonies where agricultural projects are located far
from main prison, living-out prisoners called “colonos” sleep in outstations with their families with
less or no custodial supervision. Only inmates who have shown exemplary behaviour throughout
their confinement enjoy this arrangement.
Youthful Offenders – As a matter of policy, youthful offenders are classified as medium

security inmates. Although the Bureau of Corrections is mainly an adult facility, a court in some
cases may commit offenders 18 years old and below if it believes that the offender acted with
sufficient discretion.
Mentally Unstable Inmates – Prisoners suffering from mental illness are housed in a
separate wing in prison hospitals commonly referred to as WARD 4. Violent or severe cases are
transferred to the National Center for Mental Health for proper management.
Female Inmates – All female (national) prisoners, regardless of their place of origin, are
confined at the CIW.
34
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Make a poster illustrating the Classification of Prisoners according to

Degree of security. Place it in a long bond paper in landscape layout.
Rubric
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 Score
COVERAGE Details on the Details on the Details on the Details on the
OF THE TOPIC poster capture poster include poster relate to the poster have little
the important important topic but too or nothing to do
information information but the general or with the main
about the topic audience may incomplete. The topic
and increase need more audience needs
the audience’s information to more information to
understanding understand fully understand
the topic
USE OF GRAPHIC All graphics All graphics are All graphics are Graphics do not
are related to related to the topic related to the topic relate to the
the topic and and most make it topic
make it easier easier to
to understand understand
ATTRACTIVENESS The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in terms acceptably distractingly
attractive in of lay out and attractive though it messy or very
terms of neatness may be bit messy poorly designed.
design, layout It is not
and neatness attractive
CREATIVITY Very creative Shows many Some creative No creation has
creative ideas ideas used been used
ORGANIZATION Poster is well Poster is Poster is together Poster is poorly
organized and organized well but okay but it is put together and
easy to still a little difficult difficult to very difficult to
understand to understand understand understand
Total Score
35
LESSON 3 BUCOR MANDATE and FUNCTIONS
The BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS is an agency under the Department of Justice that is charged
with custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those sentenced to serve a term of
imprisonment of more than three (3) years.
To carry out its mandate, the Bureau undertakes the following:
• Confine persons convicted by the courts to serve a sentence in national prisons.

• Keep prisoners from committing crimes while in custody.
• Provide humane treatment by supplying the inmates' basic needs and implementing a variety of
rehabilitation programs designed to change their pattern of criminal or anti-social behavior.
• Engage in agro-industrial projects for the purpose of developing prison lands and resources into
productive bases or profit centers, developing and employing inmate manpower skills and labor,
providing prisoners with a source of income and augmenting the Bureau's yearly appropriations.
MISSION: Effective safekeeping and rehabilitation of national prisoners.
VISION: Improved national prisons conducive to the reformation and rehabilitation of inmates that will bring
them back into the mainstream of society as useful citizens of the country.
ORGANIZATION: Headed by a Director, the BuCor has an authorized strength of 2,362 employees, 61%
of whom are custodial officers, 33% are administrative personnel and 6% are members of the medical staff.
36
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Please make sure that you are member of the Class Group Chat in facebook.
Form a group (4 members each) with your chosen classmates. Make sure that all of you must
participate and tasks are equally divided. In a long bond paper, write your own reflection/ opinions on the
following issues confronting the Philippine Correction System specifically the Bureau of Correction. Rubric
is provided as your basis. I will be providing more specific instruction in doing this activity in our class group
chat in facebook.
1. Overcrowding of certain Prison Institutions/Jails

2. Fragmented set-up of the Correction System
3. Lack of Information Technology Systems and Expertise
4. Lack of/Inadequate Training
Rubric
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Organization Information is very Information is Information is Information is not
organized with well- organized with organized but only disorganized
constructed well-constructed paragraphs are but inaccurate
paragraphs, use of paragraphs, and not well
subheadings and information is constructed, and
information is factual factual and correct information is
and correct factual
Quality of Information clearly Information clearly Information Information has
information relates to the main relates to the main clearly relates to little to do with the
topic. It includes topic. It provides 1- the main topic. main topic
several supporting 2 supporting details No details and/or
details and/or and/or examples examples given
examples
Mechanics No grammatical, Almost no A few Many
spelling or grammatical, grammatical, grammatical,
punctuation errors spelling or spelling or spelling or
punctuation errors punctuation punctuation errors
errors
Style and Introduction and Introduction or
structure conclusion are conclusion is
exceptionally clear, missing, or is
organized, well-written unclear that
and on-target serves no purpose
within the essay
Sources All sources are All sources are All sources are Too many sources
accurately accurately accurately are not
documented in the documented, but a documented, but documented
desired format (APA) few are not in the many are not in accurately and
in the desired the in the desired there is no format
format (APA) format (APA) used
REFERENCES
De Leon, H.S. (1999). Textbook on the Philippine Constitutions. Quezon
City: Rex Printing Company Inc.
37
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
1. Discuss the functions, duties and responsibilities of BJMP; and

2. Memorize the rank classification of BJMP
LESSON 1 THE EMERGENCE OF THE JAIL BUREAU
Chapter V of the Republic Act

6975 otherwise known as the
Department of Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990
establishing the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology.
This Act was approved by
President Corazon C. Aquino on
December 13, 1990. It aimed
towards the promotion,
development,
professionalization of penology,
improved supervision and
control of jail Management for District, City and Municipal jails nationwide.
✓ Sec. 60. Composition. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), hereinafter referred
to as the Jail Bureau, is hereby created initially consisting of the existing officers and uniformed
members of the service of the Jail Management and Penology Service as constituted under PD 765.
✓ Sec. 61. Power and Functions. The Jail Bureau shall exercise supervision and control over all city
and municipal jails. The provincial jails shall be supervised and controlled by the provincial
government within its jurisdiction, whose expenses shall be subsidized by the national government
for not more than 3 years after the effectivity of this Act.
✓ Sec. 62. Organization. The Jail Bureau shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by a
Deputy Chief.
The Jail Bureau shall be composed of city and municipal jails, each headed by a city or
municipal warden: Provided, that in the case of large cities and municipalities, a district jail with subordinate
jails shall be headed by district jail warden may be established as necessary.
The Chief of the Jail Bureau shall recommend to the Secretary the organizational structure and
staffing pattern of the Bureau as well as the disciplinary machinery for officers and men of the Bureau, in
accordance with the guidelines set forth herein and as provided in Section 85 of this Act.
✓ Sec. 63. Establishment of district, City or Municipal Jail. There shall be established and maintained
in every district, city and municipality a secured, clean, adequately equipped and sanitary jail for the
custody and safekeeping of city and municipal prisoners, any fugitive from justice, or person
detained awaiting investigation or trail and/or transfer from the national penitentiary, and/or violent
mentally ill person who endangers himself or the safety of others, duly certified as such by the
proper medical or health officer, pending the transfer to the mental institution.
The municipal or city jail service shall preferably be headed by a graduate of a four-
year course in psychology, psychiatry, sociology, nursing, social work or criminology who
shall assist in the immediate rehabilitation of individuals or detention of prisoners. Great care must
38
be exercised so that the human rights of these prisoners are respected and protected, and their
spiritual and physical wellbeing is properly and promptly attended to.
✓ Sec 64. Rank Classification. For the purposes of efficient administration, supervision and control,
the rank classification of the members of the jail bureau shall be as follows:
✓ Sec. 65. Key Positions. The head of the Jail Bureau with the rank of Director shall have the position
title of the Chief of the Jail Bureau. He shall be assisted By a Deputy Chief with the rank of Chief
Superintendent.
The assistant heads of the Department’s Regional Offices with the rank of Senior
Superintendent shall assume the position title of assistant Regional Director of the BJMP as provided in
Sec. 12 of this Act; the heads of district offices with the rank of Chief Inspector shall have the position title
District Jail Warden; and the heads of the city or municipal jails with the rank of Senior Inspector shall be
known as City/Municipal Jail Warden.
39
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Explain /answer briefly but substantially the question. Write your answer in the
space provided for you. Write legibly and as much as possible avoid erasures. (20 points)
Rubric
CONTENT focused topic. Main but the supporting somewhat clear, but clear. There is
idea stands out and information is general there is a need for seemingly random
is supported by supporting collection of
ORGANIZATION Details are placed in Details are placed in Some details are not Many details are not
a logical order, and a logical order, but in a logical order, and in a logical order.
the way they are the way in which they this distracts the There is little
presented effectively are presented reader evidence that the
keeps the interest of sometimes makes writing is organized
the reader the writing less
interesting
GRAMMARS & Writer makes no Writer makes error/s
SPELLING errors in grammar or in grammar or
spelling spelling
Total Score
1. How does the creation of BJMP address the growing concern of jail management and
penology problem in the Philippines?
40
LESSON 2 FUNCTIONS, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
WARDEN
The warden is responsible for the direction, coordination and control of the personnel, the inmates
and the programs of the institution. He is responsible for the safety, security, discipline and the wellbeing of
his men as well as the prisoners/detainees and sees to the efficient functioning of the institution.
Operating units under the office of the warden.
1. Intelligence and Investigation Team – this team gathers, collects and submits intelligence info to
the warden on matters pertaining to jail conditions; Plot or plans by the prisoners that may threaten
the safety of personnel and/or disturbed the normal functioning of the institutions, and those that
would lead to the eventual capture of escaped prisoners. It is also tasked with the investigation of all
reported cases of violation of laws and the rules and regulations thereto.
2. Jail Inspectorate Section – this section inspects the jail facilities, the personnel and
prisoners/detainees and submits report of deficiencies noted. It helps the warden in the
maintenance of discipline, not only of the personnel but the inmates as well.
3. Public Relations Office – this office is tasked with the maintenance of good public relations to
obtain the necessary and adequate support of the public.
ASSISTANT WARDEN
The Assistant Warden is the principal assistant of the warden. He keeps himself informed to be able
to assume command effectively during the warden’s temporary absence.
As a Chairman of the Disciplinary Board, he hears cases of erring inmates and recommends the
corresponding disciplinary actions thereto. He also performs functions inherent to this position as the
warden’s principal assistant.
ADMINISTRATIVE GROUP
This group takes charge of all administrative functions of the jail, keeps records of jail properties,
supplies and equipment and maintains personnel records. It also performs such other functions for the
attainment of an efficient jail administration:
1. Personnel Management Branch – responsible for the preparation and maintenance of personnel
procedure, assignment of personnel, preparation of daily personnel report, monthly personnel
reports and others. It maintains individual record files of personnel.
2. Records and Statistics Branch – keeps and maintains on orderly record of booking sheet and
arrest reports, fingerprint cards, photographs and index cards of inmates confined in jail in individual
prisoner’s jackets.
3. Property and Supply Branch – takes charge of the safekeeping of equipment and supplies in the
requisitioning of supplies and materials needed for the operation of the jail.
4. Budget and Finance Branch – takes charge of the financial matters especially in programming
budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to financial services.
5. Mess Service Branch – takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu, makes food stuff
purchases, prepares and cooks the food and serves it to the inmates.
6. General Service Branch – responsible for the maintenance and repair of jail facilities and
equipment. It is also tasked with the cleanliness as well as the beautification of the jail compound.
41
7. Mittimus Computing Branch – receives court decisions and mittimus and ascertains and
compilation the date of full completion of the service of sentence of each prisoner for his eventual
release from jail. It also prepares transfer orders of inmates to other penal institutions.
MITTIMUS – is a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge,
directing the jail or prison authorities to receive the convicted offender for the service
of sentence imposed therein.
* A commitment order is deemed valid or in due from when it bears the seal of the court and
the signature of the judge.
How may an offender be committed to jail or prison?
1. By virtue of commitment order issued by a competent court which may either be in the form of
detention mittimus or sentence mittimus.
a. A detention mittimus is an order issued by a competent court addressed to a jail officer or

prison officer to admit a person having committed a criminal offense for safe custody subject
to the orders of the court.
b. A sentenced mittimus is an order issued by a competent court addressed to a jail officer or

prison officer to admit a person having been convicted of an offense to serve a term of
imprisonment or subsidiary imprisonment as the case maybe.
2. By an order of a competent authority.
3. By an arresting officer.
SECURITY GROUP
Provides the system of sound custody, security and control of inmates and their movements. It
enforces and maintains inmates’ discipline.
1. Escort/ Subpoena Platoon
a. Escort Section - produces inmates under proper guard to the fiscal’s office court, etc. upon
proper summons. It is also tasked with the transfer of prisoners from one institution to
another upon proper orders of the court of the authority.
b. Subpoena Section – receives, distributes and/or serve subpoenas, notices, order, summons
and other processes directed to inmates confined in jail.
✓ Subpoena ad testificandum – a command to appear at a certain time and place to

give witness who has in his possession or control some document or paper that is
pertinent to the issues of a pending controversy, to produce it the trial.
2. Service Platoon
42
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: identify the role of warden by comping up with word/s/phrase/s that starts with
each letter comprising the term WARDEN.
W–
A-
R-
D-
E-
N-
43
LESSON 3 ADMISSION AND RELEASING OF INMATES
PROCEDURE ON ADMISSION
A. DESK OFFICER
1. Upon commitment of an inmate, check the credentials of the person bringing the inmate to
determine his/her/their identity and authority.
2. Make sure that the following documents are available:
✓ Commitment Order
✓ Information/Complaint
✓ Medical Certificate issued by Government Hospital
3. Examine the arrest report and the authenticity of the commitment order.
4. Take al' cash and other personal property from the inmate, list them down on a receipt form
duplicate, duly signed by him/her and countersigned by the inmate. Original receipt should be kept
for the record and duplicate should be given to the inmate.
5. All cash and other valuables of the inmate must be turned over to the Jail Property Custodian for
safekeeping and covered by a receipt.
B. RECORDS/ADMITTING OFFICER
1. Receives the documents from the DO and starts the booking procedures.
2. Inmate is fingerprinted and photographed.
3. Inmate is strip-searched to check for any markings, cuts, bruises, etc, and same shall be indicated
in the jail booking report.
4. Inmates clothing shall be checked for presence of contrabands.
5. In a dialect that the inmate understands, he/she shall be apprised of the provisions of Art 29 of the
RPC as amended by RA 6127.
6. If the inmate agrees to abide by the same disciplinary rules upon convicted inmates, he/she shall be
asked to sign a Detainee's Manifestation. Otherwise, the warden issues a Certification under oath to
the effect that the detainee was apprised of the provision of Art 29 of the RPC as amended and that
the inmate refused to sign.
C. JAIL MEDICAL OFFICER
1. Conducts thorough check-up on the overall condition of the inmate during the time he/she was
brought to the jail.
2. Checks on the entries in the medical certificate to ascertain any discrepancies and records any
findings not indicated
D. CHIEF CUSTODIAL/ OFFICER OF THE DAY

1. Orients the newly committed inmate of the rules and regulations of the jail.
E. RECORDS/ DESK OFFICER (as the case maybe)

1. Assigns the newly committed inmate to his/her cell.
F. JAIL WARDEN
1. Coordinate with concerned agencies regarding the case of inmate for speedy disposition and to
furnish them copy of the needed documents available.
PROCEDURE TO BE TAKEN ON INMATES WHILE UNDER BJMP CUSTODY
1. The jail warden shall see to it that all the concerned agencies and persons shall be informed of the
commitment of the inmate in his/her jail by submitting a written report, (Refer to the sample/draft
letters to different agencies).
2. The warden, through his paralegal officer, shall ensure that the case of inmate is being attended to
by the courts and prosecutors' office by constantly coordinating with them with the purpose of
44
speeding-up the disposition of the case. For this purpose, the sharing of non-confidential
information with the concerned agencies is encouraged.
The following agencies/persons shall be notified by the warden upon commitment of the inmate:
a) Presiding Judge – mandatory (to submit list of committed inmates monthly)
b) Executive Judge/Clerk of Court – mandatory (to submit list of committed inmates monthly)
c) PNP – mandatory
d) NBI – mandatory
e) Family – mandatory
f) PAO Lawyer – in case of indigent inmate
g) IBP Legal Aide – in case of indigent inmate and unavailability of PAO lawyer
h) Private Lawyer – upon request
i) Priest or Religious Minister – upon request
j) Private Physician – upon request
k) Commission on Human Rights – as needed/to submit list of committed inmates monthly
l) Public Physician – as needed
m) Psychiatrist/Psychologist – as needed
n) Embassy – mandatory in case of foreign national/alien
o) DSWD – mandatory in case of CICL
p) Court (Other branches) – in case of multiple cases
PROCEDURE IN RELEASING
A. DESK OFFICER
1. Upon receipt of Release Order, verifies authenticity of said order.
B. RECORDS/ADMIN OFFICER
1. Starts processing inmates' release.
2. Checks inmate records to be sure that the data in the Release Order coincide with the data in the
inmates' carpeta (spelling of name, offense, Criminal Case Number, etc.)
3. Checks that the inmate has no other pending case/s
4. Routes the Release Paper to different signatories.
C. PROPERTY CUSTODIAN
1. Checks on the receipt of property and returns to the inmate his/her deposited items.
2. Makes sure that returned properties were duly received by the inmate in his/her logbook.
D. DESK OFFICER
1. Puts into record the release of inmate and the condition of the inmate upon his/her release.
E. JAIL WARDEN
1. Report to concerned agencies/persons the release of inmate for aftercare program. The following
agencies/persons shall be notified by the warden upon release of the inmate:
a) Barangay Captain – mandatory
b) Priest or religious minister – mandatory
c) Family – if release is not witnessed by any member of immediate family
d) Court – in case of convicted inmate
45
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Create a flow chart that describe the Admission and Releasing of Inmates.
Put it in a long bond paper.
CATEGORY 20 15 10 5
Spelling and No spelling or No more than a No more than 3 Several spelling
Capitalization grammar errors couple of spelling or grammar or grammar
spelling or errors errors
grammar errors
Color and Clip Clip art is well Clipart is neat Clip art is placed No clip art used
Art place and with a good randomly and may or or very little color
compliments the layout. Good may not relate to the used. Color is
flow chart. use of color flow chart. Color may very messy or
Excellent layout be distracting (too does not
of clipart and much or too little) compliment the
color flow chart at all
Steps in Flow The flow chart is The flowchart is The flow chart is There is no logic
Chart logical and the logical and the present but there is a to the flow chart.
directions help directions allow question as to which It has no order
the reader to the reader to step goes in which and hard to
follow the follow the order understand
process process
Arrows Arrows are Arrows are Arrows are present, There are no
present in flow present in the but they do not guide arrows in the flow
chart that guide flow chart and the reader or there chart
the reader guide the reader are not enough
through the through the arrows
steps. The steps
arrows
compliment the
chart
Analysis The flow chart The flowchart The flowchart design The flowchart is
design is design is lacks precision to the incomplete or
accurate. Also, it accurate but chosen route and non-
has all the there are some some of the shapes understandable
components components that are incorrectly labeled
labeled and are not correctly or shaped
shaped. The labeled, shaped
initial and end or defined
steps are clearly
represented
REFERENCES
Cael, B.G. (2006). The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Manual
Annotated. Quiapo, Manila: Mary Jo Publishing House.
BJMP Standard Operating Procedures Number 2010-04
46
ADMISSION PROCEDURE IN PRISON
1. Discuss the process of booking an inmate from its reception to classification; and
2. Explain the role of the institution in treating criminal offender
3. Classify the forms of correctional treatment programs adopted in the Philippines;
LESSON 1 THE RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER (RDC)
This is a special unit of prison (Camp Sampaguita) where new prisoners undergo diagnostic
examination, study and observation for the purpose of determining the programs of treatment and training
best to their needs and the institution to which they should be transferred.
A. COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING STAFF MEMBERS:

1. Psychiatrist- examine prisoners mental and emotional make-up.
2. Psychologist- responsible for the character and behavior of the prisoner.
3. Sociologist- study social case situation of the individual prisoner.
4. Educational Counselor
5. Vocational Counselor- test prisoner’s special abilities and skills.
6. Chaplain
7. Medical Officer
8. Custodial-Correctional Officer- recommends the transfer and type of custody of inmates.
B. THE QUARANTINE CELL OR UNIT

This may be a unit of the prison or a section of the RDC where the prisoner is given thorough
physical examination including blood test, x-rays, vaccination and immunity. This is for the purpose of
insuring that the prisoner is not suffering from any contagious disease, which might be transferred to the
prison population.
THE ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON
1. RECEIVING – the new prisoner is received at the RDC. The new prisoner usually from provincial or
city jail where he was immediately committed upon conviction by the court, and escorted by the
escort platoon during his transfer to the National Bilibid Prison.
2. CHECKING OF COMMITMENT PAPERS – the receiving officer checks the commitment papers if
they are in order. To make sure that it contains the signature of the judge or the signature of the
clerk of court, and the seal of the court.
3. IDENTIFICATION – the prisoner’s identity is established through the picture and fingerprint
appearing in the commitment order. This is to ensure that the person being committed is the same
as the person being named in the commitment order.
4. SEARCHING – this step involves the frisking of the prisoner and searching his personal things.
Weapons and other items classified contraband are confiscated and deposited to the property
custodian. Other properties are deposited with the trust fund officer under recording and receipts.
Personal Body Search
1. Frisk Search – is an extended inspection of a fully clothed person.
2. Strip Searched – naked body and its cavity are visually inspected from all angles.
3. Internal Body- Cavity Search – can be done based on reasonable suspicion.
* Booty Check – rectal search
5. BRIEFING AND ORIENTATION – the prisoner will be briefed and oriented on the rules and
regulations of the prison before he will be assigned to the RDC of the quarantine unit.
47
ORIENTATION PROCEDURES IN PRISON

1. Giving the prisoners a booklet of rules and regulations and explaining the rules to them.
2. Conducting group meeting of the center to explain to the inmates the available treatment programs
and the purpose of these treatment programs.
3. Holding sessions with the members of the Center’s Staff to explain what the inmates should do in
order to profit most from their experiences.
PURPOSE OF CLASSIFYING PRISONERS

1. To separate offenders who, by reason of their criminal records derogatory character, are likely to
exercise a bad influence on to other offenders.
2. To separate offenders who, by gravity of their offenses, have been sentenced to longer periods of
imprisonment and therefore require more secure facilities.
3. To divide/ segregate the offenders into classes to facilitate their rehabilitation treatment.
SEGREGATION OF PRISONERS
1. Proper segregation of male and female prisoners shall be maintained in prison or jail.
2. As much as practicable arrangement shall be made for the segregation of the following:
a. sentenced prisoners
b. detention prisoners
c. juvenile prisoners
d. habitual delinquents and recidivist
e. sexual deviates
f. physically handicapped
g. mentally abnormal or insane
Diversification
It refers to an administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied and flexible types
of physical plants for the effective central control of the treatment programs.
The principle is to separate or segregate a certain homogeneous type for specialized treatment
programs and program of custody.
The aim is to prevent moral or physical contamination of one group by another and to prevent
unnecessary custodial risk.
Diversification may be done either:
a. By a building special institution for different classed of prisoners which is more desirable since it
provides proper segregation of groups and more effective execution of the treatment program, or
b. Providing separate facilities within a single institution itself, that is, big institution may be broken into
smaller units.
Factors affecting considered in diversification
a. AGE: segregate the youthful offender to the adult offenders in order to avoid contamination.
b. GENDER: female prisoner should be kept in a separate institution away from the male prisoner for
the protection of the weaker sex.
c. MEDICAL AND MENTAL CONDITION: mentally abnormal, sexual deviates, physically handicapped
should be segregated for they require specialized treatment.
d. DEGREE OF CUSTODY: used mostly for diversification of correctional institutions.
48
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Create a flow chart that describe the Admission Procedures in Prison. Put
it in a long bond paper.
CATEGORY 20 15 10 5
Spelling and No spelling or No more than a No more than 3 Several spelling
Capitalization grammar errors couple of spelling or grammar or grammar
spelling or errors errors
grammar errors
Color and Clip Clip art is well Clipart is neat Clip art is placed No clip art used
Art place and with a good randomly and may or or very little color
compliments the layout. Good may not relate to the used. Color is
flow chart. use of color flow chart. Color may very messy or
Excellent layout be distracting (too does not
of clipart and much or too little) compliment the
color flow chart at all
Steps in Flow The flow chart is The flowchart is The flow chart is There is no logic
Chart logical and the logical and the present but there is a to the flow chart.
directions help directions allow question as to which It has no order
the reader to the reader to step goes in which and hard to
follow the follow the order understand
process process
Arrows Arrows are Arrows are Arrows are present, There are no
present in flow present in the but they do not guide arrows in the flow
chart that guide flow chart and the reader or there chart
the reader guide the reader are not enough
through the through the arrows
steps. The steps
arrows
compliment the
chart
Analysis The flow chart The flowchart The flowchart design The flowchart is
design is design is lacks precision to the incomplete or
accurate. Also, it accurate but chosen route and non-
has all the there are some some of the shapes understandable
components components that are incorrectly labeled
labeled and are not correctly or shaped
shaped. The labeled, shaped
initial and end or defined
steps are clearly
represented
49
LESSON 2 THE TREATMENT PROGRAMS
The Philippine Prison System adopted two approaches in treating criminal offenders. These are the
Institution – Based Treatment Programs and the Community – Based Treatment Programs.
These programs aimed towards the improvement of offenders’ attitude and philosophy in life, the
main goal of being the ultimate rehabilitation of offenders by changing inmates’ attitude.
A. INSTITUTIONALIZED TREATMENT PROGRAMS
1. Prison Education – the cornerstone of rehabilitation. It is the process or result of formal training in
school or classrooms intended to shape the
mind and attitude of prisoners towards good
upon their release.
✓ The first recognition of education in
prison was 1847, New York Reformatory.
✓
OBJECTIVES:
1) To return the prisoner to society with
more wholesome attitude towards living.
2) To conduct themselves as good citizens.
3) To give them knowledge and develop
their skills.
CLASSES OF PRISON EDUCATION
1) General and Academic Education – to eradicate illiteracy among prisoners
2) Vocational Education – institutional maintenance works and industrial projects.

➢ To provide prisoners necessary skills after their release.
➢ Courses may include: Radio Mechanics, Auto Mechanics, Horticulture, shoemaking,
tailoring, carpentry, electronics, etc.
3) Physical Education – designed for those who have physical disabilities.
2. Work programs – these are programs conducive to change behavior in morale by training
prisoners for a useful occupation.
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISON WORK PROGRAMS:
1) Educational Assignments – prisoners

maybe assigned to either general
education, vocational or physical
education
2) Maintenance Assignment – this
assignment involves labor related to care
and up keeping of the institution
properties.
3) Agricultural and Industrial Assignments
4) Unassignable – prisoners who are nearly
to leave the institution, awaiting transfer,
those in disciplinary status, and those who
are chronologically ill with mental
disabilities.
➢ Female prisoners shall be
assigned to work on jobs suitable
to their age, sex and physical conditions. Prisoners over 60 years of age may be
excused from hard work.
50
3. Religious Services in Prison – to inculcate religious values or belief.
Function of the CHAPLAIN:

1) Conduct communion and confession
to inmates
2) Conduct religious ministry
3) Conduct private and personal
counseling in the form of inmate
interview
4) Other chaplaincy services
Administrative Function of the Chaplain:
1) Member of the RDC staff
2) Member of the Classification
Community
3) Render Evaluation
4. Recreational Programs – the only program that is

conducted during free time schedule
OBJECTIVES:
1) Mental and Physical development
2) Awareness of their individual conditions and
to provide method of improvement.
3) Development of cooperative competitions
4) Arouse the interest of the prisoners in
recreational programs.
ACTIVITIES may include:

- Athletics/sports, music and arts, social
games, special activities on special events,
etc.
5. Medical and Health Services

It includes:
1) Mental and physical examination
2) Diagnosis and treatment
3) Immunization
4) Sanitary inspection
5) Participation in training
6. Counseling and Casework

OBJECTIVES of counseling:
1) Immediate solution of specific personal
problem
2) Help inmates to increase self-understanding
OBJECTIVES of Casework:
1) To obtain clear description of social history
2) Solving immediate problems involving family problems or other personal relationship
3) Assist inmates towards acceptable solutions
4) Support inmates, who are nearly release by giving them guidance or information
5) Professional assistance to offenders on probation or parole.
51
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Form a group (6 members) with your chosen classmates. Make

sure that all of you must participate and tasks are equally divided. Make a video clip
presenting, explaining and promoting the different treatment programs inside the prison.
Video Clip: INSTITUTIONALIZED TREATMENT PROGRAMS
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 Grade
Voice - Consistency Voice quality is clear Voice quality is clear Voice quality is clear Voice quality needs
and consistently and consistently and consistently more attention.
audible throughout the audible throughout the audible through some
presentation. majority (85-95%) of (70-84%) of the
the presentation. presentation.
Duration of Length of presentation Length of presentation Length of presentation Presentation was less
Presentation was 4 minutes and was 3 minutes. was 2 minutes. than 2 minutes long
more than.
Concept Team has a clear Team has a fairly clear Team has brainstormed Team has spent little
picture of what they are picture of what they are their concept, but no effort on brainstorming
trying to achieve. Each trying to achieve. Each clear focus has and refining a concept.
member can describe member can describe emerged for the team. Team members are
what they are trying to what they are trying to Team members may unclear on the goals
do and generally how do overall but has describe the goals/final and how their
his/her work will trouble describing how product differently. contributions will help
contribute to the final his/her work will them reach the goal.
product. contribute to the final
product.
Storyboard Storyboard is complete Storyboard is relatively Storyboard has glaring Storyboard is not done
with sketches for each complete with sketches omissions in scene or is so incomplete that
scene, detailed notes for most scenes, and planning. There are it could not be used
on titles, transitions, notes on titles, some sketches, and even as a general
special effects, sound, transitions, special notes on titles, guide. Storyboard
etc. Storyboard reflects effects, sound, etc. transitions, special reflects very little
outstanding planning Storyboard reflects effects, sound, etc. planning of the visuals.
and organization for the effective planning and Storyboard reflects
visuals in the video. organization for the attempts at planning
visuals in the video. and organization for the
visuals in the video.
Script Script is complete and it Script is mostly Script has a few major There is no script.
is clear what each actor complete. It is clear flaws. It is not always Actors are expected to
will say and do. Entries what each actor will say clear what the actors invent what they say
and exits are scripted and do. Script is shows are to say and do. and do as they go
as are important planning. Script shows an along
movements. Script is attempt at planning, but
quite professional. seems incomplete.
TOTAL /20
REFERENCES
52
RIOTS AND VIOLENT DISTURBANCES IN JAILS
1. Summarize the plan of action to cope with such emergencies

2. Identify the different gangs inside jails
LESSON 1 RIOTS IN JAILS
Riot – it is an unprecedented violent act of inmates arising from either by the different gangs or
mismanagement of jails. Riots is one of the most dangerous occurrences in jails because it will not only
cause life of inmates but also their immediate visitors as well as members of the Custodial Force. No matter
how efficient the Jail Administration is, there will always be occasional riots or disturbances that require
immediate emergency action. While it is not possible to foresee the exact nature of the disturbance and
when it may occur, there should be a predetermined and well-defined plan of action to cope with such
emergencies like the following:
1. At the sound of the first pre-arranged alarm, all inmates must be locked up inside their respective
cells/quarters. Inmates work crew should be brought immediately into designated areas by
custodians for accounting and subsequently locked after headcount
2. If the disturbances occur during visiting period, all visitors should be immediately ushered out of the
visiting premises to the most secured portion of the jail previously pre-determined for this purpose.
They should not be permitted to get out of the premises until proper accounting of inmates shall
have been made;
3. Simultaneously, all members of the security group out on post shall immediately report to the Desk
officer and shall make themselves available for emergency deployment. All critical post shall be
covered according to the plan to prevent escapes. Do not rush into the scene. The most Senior
Officer present shall automatically take command of the force and make assessment of the
situation.
4. The Control center shall take into consideration the readiness of all communication lines for
emergency calls to the outside. At the moment, the operator should not entertain incoming calls
except purely official calls.
5. The Desk officer or the armorer should make an immediate preparation for the issuance of the
necessary anti-riot equipment and firearms.
6. On his judgement and proper assessment of the prevailing condition, the Officer in command may
cause the division of the available forces into three groups as follows:
a. First Group – to compose the initial wave of anti-riot assault contingent whose main objective
shall be to disperse the rioters and get their leaders and shall be armed with wicker shields,
protective headgears, gas mask and night sticks or batons, when these are available.
b. Second Group – to serve as back-up force to support the first group and for this purpose
shall be equipped with tear gas guns and gas grenades.
c. Third Group – to be composed of guards trained on proper handling use of firearms that
shall be ready to fire when the lives of the guards are in peril on orders of the Officer-in-
Command.
7. When everything is ready, the Officer-in-Command shall with the use of megaphone or any public
address system, direct the inmates to cease or desist, turn to their respective cell or face the
consequences of their acts. The known leaders should be called by their names and asked to stop
the riot or disturbance.
8. The second alarm is sounded when all efforts of the Office-in-Command had failed. By this time all
guards shall be prepared for their assault. The first group shall now enter the compound followed by
the second group at a discrete distance. The third group shall be strategically positioned, ready to
fire when all and if lives of the guards are in danger.
53
9. The first group shall be tasked with controlling the riot and getting the leaders of the rioting groups;
10. The second group should not use riot control gas, except on orders of the Officer-in-Command. Gas
should be used and, in such quantity, to have the desired effects. When the area is saturated with
gas, the first group with gas mask shall attack using their batons to force the rioters back onto their
cells and get the leaders. Use of pressurized water from the fire truck may be resorted to;
11. On instructions of the Officer-in-Command, initial alarm shall be relayed to the Superintendent,
Station or Substation Commander and/or the nearest police station or unit giving assistance to
control such disturbance in the jail;
12. When conditions become critical and the disturbance reached full scale, the Officer-in-Command
shall cause the sounding of the third alarm, at this distance, Control Center shall notify all nearby
police agencies for assistance and then all other plans in connection with jail uprising shall be
executed. Nearby hospitals shall also be notified if the situation demands;
13. As a last resort to prevent mass jailbreak or serious assault upon the members of the custodial
forces, the selected marksman of the third group may be ordered to fire, by the Officer-in-Charge,
only to ensure the safety of individuals is imperative. The order to fire should only be given as a last
resort, not necessarily to kill but only to wound or injure at designated targets, not at innocent
bystanders, a fellow officer or some other employees;
14. Finally, after any such incident, the following step should be undertaken:
a. Administer first aid to the injured;
b. Conduct head count;
c. Segregate ring leaders and agitators;
d. Confiscate bladed items of materials used during riot or disturbances and check security of the
institution;
e. Conduct a thorough investigation of the incident. Prosecute those who have violated the laws,
rules and regulations;
f. Repair damages;
g. Adopt effective measures to prevent repetition of similar incident; and
h. Submit reports to the Assistant Regional Director and copy furnished the Central Office of the Jail
Bureau, and Station and Substation Commanders.
DIFFERENT GANG AFFILIATIONS INSIDE THE JAIL

1. BNG – Bahala na Gang 5. OXO – Originally formed in Visayas
2. BCJ – Batang City Jail 6. GIG – Genuine Igorot Gang
3. SSS – Sigue-Sigue Sputnik 7. CUERNA – these are inmates who have no
4. SSC – Sigue-Sigue Commando gang affiliations.
On November 26, 1999, the SSS and BCJ clashed resulted to the untimely death of C/INSP
Roberto Calderon, BJMP the Assistant Warden of the Manila City Jail.
On January 3, 1996, one member of the BCJ was killed by the mayorees of the SSCthat resulted on
the free for all riot inside the Manila City Jail and claimed the life of 34 inmates.
Different Positions/Categories of Inmates inside Jail
1. Mayor
• considered as their leader inside the cell/paxion.
• He/She is responsible in ordering or giving all instructions to all inmates of their cell.
2. Bastonero
• considered as the punisher/ berdugho inside their cell.
• He/She is responsible in giving punishment to any members of the group who shall squeal or
those who will give information to other paxion and he/she is responsible in giving advises to
the Mayor on whatever action they will do if they are planning to attack other gangs.
3. Boyonero – He/She is responsible in maintaining order and cleanliness inside the cell.
4. Kosa – He/She is any member of the gang/paxion who is very willing and determined to sacrifice
their life for the benefit of the gang/paxion.
54
Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________
Instruction: Explain /answer briefly but substantially the question. Write it in the space
provided for you. Write legibly and as much as possible avoid erasures. (40 points)
Rubric
CONTENT focused topic. Main but the supporting somewhat clear, but clear. There is
idea stands out and information is general there is a need for seemingly random
is supported by supporting collection of
ORGANIZATION Details are placed in Details are placed in Some details are not Many details are not
a logical order, and a logical order, but in a logical order, and in a logical order.
the way they are the way in which they this distracts the There is little
presented effectively are presented reader evidence that the
keeps the interest of sometimes makes writing is organized
the reader the writing less
interesting
GRAMMARS & Writer makes no Writer makes error/s
SPELLING errors in grammar or in grammar or
spelling spelling
Total Score
1. What are the main causes of collective violence and riots in prisons?
2. How do prison/jail riots typically begin?
REFERENCES
55

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LEARNING MODULE IN INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

After the completion of the module, you should be able to:

1. Explain the concept and principal aims of penology.

LESSON 1 PENOLOGY AND CRIMINOLOGY

FOUNDATION OF THE SUBJECT

A. PENOLOGY AND CRIMINOLOGY

C. PRINCIPAL AIMS OF PENOLOGY

DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS:

PENAL MANAGEMENT – the manner or practice of managing or controlling

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION defined:

Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

LESSON 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PENOLOGY

That the individual

It maintained that while the classical

It adheres that crimes, as any other act,

✓ 1890 BC, Babylon: the CODE OF KING HAMMURABI (LEX

✓ Outlaws or violators of laws were compelled or forced to

✓ 1576 – English parliament passed a law calling for each country to

Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

LESSON 3 DEVELOPMENT OF PRISONS

Goal Implementation Method Activity

Pennsylvania Redemption of the Isolation, Inmates are kept in Bible reading,

1) The introduction of indeterminate sentence and parole; and

Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

THE EMERGENCE OF SECULAR LAW

Three Laws were distinguished:

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

THE PIONEERS OF CORRECTIONAL REFORM

1. William Penn (1614 – 1718)

4. Charles Montesquieu (Charles Louis Secondat – Baron De La Brode et de Montesquieu) –

5. Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) (1694 – 1778)

6. Cesare Bonesa, Marquise De Becarria (1738 – 1794)

7. Jeremy Bentham (1748 – 1632)

8. John Howard (1726 – 1790)

10. Manuel Montesimos

11. Domets of France

12. Walter Crofton

13. Zebulon Brockway

14. Sir Evelyn Ruggles – Brise

CESARE BECCARIA AND PENAL REFORM

Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Name of Personality Explanation

LESSON 1 ANCIENT FORMS OF PUNISHMENT

A. DEATH PENALTY/CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – Effected by burning, beheading, hanging,

EARLY FORMS OF PRISON DISCIPLINE

CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT

Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

1. Is death penalty effective as a form of punishment? Why/ Why not?

5. Compare and contrast the ancient and contemporary forms of punishment?

LESSON 2 JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMEMT

2. EXPIATION/ATONEMENT – group vengeance

5. REFORMATION/REHABILITATION- the establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the

JURIDICAL CONDITIONS OF PENALTY

PENALTIES AS TO GRAVITY (DURATION)

1. DEATH PENALTY – capital punishment

2. RECLUSION PERPETUA – a term of 20-40 years imprisonment

3. RECLUSION TEMPORAL – 12 years and 1day to 20 years imprisonment

4. PRISION MAYOR – 6 years and 1 day to 12 years

5. PRISION CORRECTIONAL – 6 months and 1 day to 6 years

6. ARRESTO MAYOR – 1 month and 1 day to 6 months

7. ARRESTO MENOR – 1 day to 30 days

8. BOND TO KEEP THE PEACE – Discretionary on the part of the court

Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule:

Name: ______________________ Schedule: