Prince David Art M.

Toledo
BSCE 1-1
Quiz #2
1. A. What scientific principle or law is used in the process of balancing chemical equations?
- Balancing of a Chemical equation is based on the Principle of Atom Conservation (POAC)
which states that the total number of atoms of each element in reactants must equal the number
of atoms of that element in products. It is a derivation of Principle of Mass Conservation.
B. In balancing equations is it acceptable to change the coefficients, the subscripts in the
chemical formula, or both?
- You cannot change subscripts in a chemical formula to balance a chemical equation; you can
change only the coefficients. Changing subscripts changes the ratios of atoms in the molecule
and the resulting chemical properties. For example, water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
are chemically distinct substances.
2. Balance the following equation:
A. CO₂ + 0₂ → CO ₂
= 2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂
B. N₂O₅ + H₂O → HNO₃
= N₂O₅ + H₂O → 2HNO₃
C. CH₄ + Cl₂ → CCl₄ + HCl
= CH₄ + 4Cl₂ → CCl₄ + 4HCl
D. Zn(OH)₂ + HNO₃ →Zn(NO₃)₂ + H₂O
= Zn(OH)₂ + 2HNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O
3. Write balanced chemical equations corresponding to each of the following descriptions:
A. Solid calcium carbide, CaC2, reacts with water to form an aqueous solution of calcium
hydroxide and acetylene gas, C2H2.
CaC₂ (s) + H₂O (l) → C₂H₂ (g) + Ca(OH)₂ (aq)
= CaC₂ (s) + 2H₂O (l)→ C₂H₂ (g) + Ca(OH)₂ (aq)
B. When solid potassium chlorate is heated, it decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and
oxygen gas.
KClO₃ (s) → KCl (s) + O₂ (g)
= 2KClO₃ (s)→ 2KCl (s) + 3O₂ (g)
C. Solid zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and an aqueous solution of
zinc sulfate.
= Zn (S) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → H₂ (g) + ZnSO₄ (aq)
D. When liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to water, it reacts to form aqueous phosphorous
acid, H3PO3(aq), and aqueous hydrochloric acid.
= PCl₃ (l) + 3H₂O (l) → H₃PO₃ (aq) 3HCl (aq)
E. When hydrogen sulfide gas is passed over solid hot iron(III) hydroxide, the resultant reaction
produces
solid iron(III) sulfide and gaseous water.
= 3H₂S (g) + 2Fe(OH)₃ (s) → Fe₂S₃ (s) 6H₂O (g)
4. Determine the formula weights of each of the following compounds:
A. nitric acid, HNO3;
H = 1.008 amu × 1 = 1.008 amu
N = 14. 007 amu × 1 = 14.007 amu
0 = 16 amu × 3 = 48 amu
TOTAL = 63.02 amu
B. KMnO4;
K = 39.098 amu × 1 = 39.098 amu
Mn = 54.938 amu × 1 = 54.938 amu
0= 16 amu × 4 = 64 amu
TOTAL = 158.04 amu
C. Ca3(PO4)2;
Ca = 40.078 amu × 3 = 120.23 amu
P = 30.974 amu × 2 = 61.95 amu
O = 16 amu × 8= 144 amu
TOTAL = 326.18 amu
D. quartz, SiO2;
Si = 28.086 amu × 1 = 28.086 amu
O = 16 amu × 2 = 32 amu
TOTAL = 60.09 amu

5. Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in the following compounds:

A. morphine, C17H19NO3;
C= 12 amu × 17 = 204 amu
H = 1.008 amu × 19= 19.008 amu
N = 14.007 amu × 1 = 14.007 amu
O = 16 amu × 3 = 48 amu
Total = 285.02 amu
Formula:
( Atoms of Element )( AW )
%Element =
FW of Compound
Solution:
( 17 ) (12 amu )
%C = × 100 %=× 71.6 %
285.02amu
( 19 )( 1.008 amu )
%H = × 100 %=6.7 %
285.02amu
( 1 )( 14.007 amu )
%N = ×100 %=4.9 %
285.03 amu

( 3 )( 16 amu )
%O= × 100 %=16.8 %
285.02amu

B. codeine, C18H21NO3

C= 12 amu × 18 = 216 amu

H = 1.008 amu × 21 = 21.008 amu

N = 14.007 amu × 1 = 14.007 amu

O = 16 amu × 3 = 48 amu

Total: 299.02 amu

Formula:

( Atoms of Element )( AW )
%Element =
FW of Compound

Solution:

( 18 )( 12 amu )
%C = ×100 %=72.2 %
299.02 amu

(21)(1.008 amu)
%H = × 100 %=7.1%
299.02amu

(1)(14.007 amu)
%N = × 100 %=4.7 %
299.03 amu

(3)(16 amu)
%O = ×100 %=16.1 %
299.02 amu

C. cocaine, C17H21NO4;

C = 12 amu × 17 = 204 amu

H = 1.008 amu × 21 = 21.008 amu

N = 14.007 amu × 1 = 14.007 amu

O = 16 amu × 4 = 64 amu

Total = 303.02 amu

Formula:

( Atoms of Element )( AW )
%Element =
FW of Compound

Solution:

( 17 ) (12 amu )
%C = × 100 %=67.3 %
303.02amu
 (21)(1.008 amu)
%H = × 100 %=6.9 %
303.02amu

(1)(14.007 amu)
%N = × 100 %=4.6 %
303.02amu

( 4)(16 amu)
%O = ×100 %=21.1 %
303.02 a mu

D. tetracycline, C22H24N2O8;

C = 12 amu × 22 = 264 amu

H = 1.008 amu × 24 = 24.008 amu

N = 14.007 amu × 2 = 28.014 amu

O = 16 amu × 8 = 128 amu

Total = 444.02 amu

Formula:

( Atoms of Element )( AW )
%Element =
FW of Compound

Solution:

( 22 )( 12 amu )
%C = ×100 %=59.5 %
444.02amu

(24)(1.008 amu)
%H = ×100 %=5.4 %
444.02 amu

(2)(14.007 amu)
%N = × 100 %=6.3 %
444.02 amu

( 8 ) ( 16 amu )
%O = ×100 %=28.8 %
444.02 amu

6. A. Combustion analysis of toluene, a common organic solvent, gives 5.86 mg of CO2 and 1.37
mg of H2O. If the compound contains only carbon and hydrogen, what is its empirical
formula?
C = 12 g/mol × 1 = 12 g/mol

O = 1g g/mol x 2 = 32 g/mol

Total = 44 g/mol

Solution

1mol CO ₂
Moles of CO₂ = (5.86 mg( ¿=0.13318 mol CO ₂
44 g CO ₂

H = 1 g/mol × 2 = 2

O = 16 g/mol × 1 = 16 g/mol

Total = 18 g/mol

Solution

1 mol H ₂
Moles of H₂O = 1.37 mg ( ¿=0.076 mol H ₂ O
18 g H ₂O

CH₃ = 1(12.0amu)+3(1.0amu) = 15 amu

molecular weight 62amu

Whole-number multiple = = =4.13
emperical formula weight 15 amu

Emperical Formula = C₄H₁₂

B. Menthol, the substance we can smell in mentholated cough drops, is composed of C, H, and
O. A

0.1005-g sample of menthol is combusted, producing 0.2829 g of CO2 and 0.1159 g of H2O.
What is the

empirical formula for menthol? If menthol has a molar mass of 156 g/mol, what is its molecular

formula?

Solution:
 12 g C
Mass of C = 0.2829 g CO₂ × ❑ =0.077 g C
44. g C O₂

2g H
Mass of H = 0.1159 g H₂O × 2
=0.012 g H
18 g H O

Find the mass of Oxygen by subtracting the C and H from the total mass of the sample

Total= mass C + mass H + mass O

=0.1005g= 0.07716 g C + 0.01288 g H + mass O

mass O= 0.01046g O

Convert to moles of O

1 mol
=0.01046 g O × =0.0006538 mol O
16 g O

Finally find the mole ratio by dividing by the smallest quantity

=0.006430 mol C/ 0.0006538 =9.83≈ 10

=0.01288 mol H/ 0.0006538 = 19.70 ≈20

=0.0006538 mol O/ 0.0006538 = 1

Empirical Formula = C₁₀H₂₀O

with a formula weight of aprox. 156 amu. Then using the relevant equation 156 amu/156 amu=1
indicates C₁₀H₂₀O also being the molecular formula.