Calendar

CALENDAR
This is one of the most important chapters for many competitive exams especially for government exams. You
can easily find 2-3 questions in your examination from this topic.

Calendar consists of pages that show the dates, days, weeks, months and years with some extra information.

BASIC CONCEPT:

ORDINARY YEAR:

Years having 365 days are ordinary year. This year have only 28 days in February.

e.g: 1765, 1947, 1950, 2018, 2019 etc.

LEAP YEAR:

Years having 366 days are leap years. This year have only 29 days in February.

- Years which are divisible by 4 are leap years. e.g. 2020, 2016, 2012 etc.
- Century years are NOT leap years. e.g. 2200, 2100, 1800, 1600 etc.

ODD DAYS:

 When we divide 365 days (ordinary year) by 7 days, we get 52 as quotient and 1 as remainder, and this
1 day is called odd day.
 When we divide 366 days (Leap year) by 7 days, we get 52 as quotient and 2 as remainder, and this 2
days is called odd day.

So, an ordinary year has only one odd day, while a leap year has two odd days.

ODD DAYS IN A MONTH:

 When we divide 31 days by 7 days, we get 4 as quotient and 3 as remainder, and these 3 days are odd
days.
 When we divide 30 days by 7 days, we get 4 as quotient and 2 as remainder, and these 2 days are odd
days.
 When we divide 29 days by 7 days, we get 4 as quotient and 1 as remainder, and these 2 days are odd
days.
 When we divide 28 days by 7 days, we get 4 as quotient and no remainder is left so there is no odd day
here.

NUMBER OF ODD DAYS IN EVERY MONTH:

Months Number of odd days

January 3

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February (0/1)
March 3
April 2
May 3
June 2
July 3
August 3
September 2
October 3
November 2
December 3

DAYS IN A WEEK:

Always remember that week starts with Monday, while Saturday and Sunday are called weekends.

Days Code
Sunday 0
Monday 1
Tuesday 2
Wednesday 3
Thursday 4
Friday 5
Saturday 6

Example:

Today is Friday. After 69 days, it will be:

A. Tuesday
B. Wednesday
C. Thursday
D. Saturday
Solution:
Each day of the week will be repeated after 7 days. So after 70 days it will be Friday again.
Hence after 69 days, it will be Thursday.

TYPES OF QUESTIONS

In this chapter generally 3 types of questions are asked:

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1 ST TYPE: FINDING THE DAY WITH THE HELP OF ANOTHER DAY

In this type of questions a date with day is given and with the help of that day another details of another day is
calculated.
Example: If 10th of May 1997 was Saturday, what was 4th July 2005?
Solution:
Step I: Total number of odd days from 10th of May 1997 to 10th May 2005,
Years Odd days
10th May 1997-10th May 1998 1
10th May 1998-10th May 1999 1
10th May 1999-10th May 2000 2
10th May 2000-10th May 2001 1
10th May 2001-10th May 2002 1
10th May 2002-10th May 2003 1
10th May 2003-10th May 2004 2
10th May 2004-10th May 2005 1
Total odd days 10 days  1 week + 3 days or 3 odd days

Step II: Here we can see that up to 10th of May 2005, there were 3 odd days or the 10th May 2005 is 3 days more
than the Saturday i.e. Tuesday.
Step III: In May 21 days are left means no odd days.
In June 2005, there are 30 days i.e. 2 odd days.
In July 2005, there are only 4 days to count.
So, total odd days = (3 + 0 + 2 + 4) = 9 odd days or 1 week and 2 days.
Hence, 4th July 2005 will be 2 days more than the Saturday i.e. Monday.

2 ND TYPE: FINDING THE DAY WITH NO DATA OF ANOTHER DAY

In this type of questions no date and day is given for reference and without any help details of another day is
calculated.
Example: What was the day on 24th June, 1995?
Solution:
June 24, 1995 = (1994 years + time period from 1.1.1995 to 24.6.1995)
1600 years 0 odd days
300 years  (5 x 3) » 1 odd day
94 years has 71 ordinary years + 23 leap years.
Number of odd days in 94 years = (71 + 23 x 2) = 117 days = 5 odd days.
Number of days in 1995: January February March April May June
(31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 24) = 175 days
∴175 days = 25 weeks = 0 odd days

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Total number of odd days = (0 + 1 + 5 + 0) = 6

So, the given day is Saturday.

3 RD TYPE: PROBLEMS RELATED TO CALENDAR

Example: The calendar for the year 1995 will be the same for the year:
a) 2005
b) 2004
c) 2003
d) 2002
Solution:
For same calendar the number of odd days should be multiple of 7 or 0 odd days.
Year Odd days
1995 1
1996 2
1997 1
1998 1
1999 1
2000 2
2001 1
2002 1
2003 1
2004 2
2005 1
Total odd days 14

So, 2005 will follow the same calendar as 1995. So, option (a) is correct.
Example: Which of the following is a leap year?
a) 600
b) 700
c) 2000
d) 1900
Solution: Here all the years are century years, but not divisible by 400 except 2000.
Generally century years are ordinary years, but century years divisible by 400 is a leap year.
So, 2000 is a leap year.

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