Platform for sound detection and generation of services in the home
based on IoT approaches to help people with hearing disabilities to
strengthen their process of autonomy and social experience
Andres Esteban Alvarez Araque, Juan David Patiño Farías
Faculty of Engineering, Universidad
Piloto de Colombia. Bogotá,
Colombia
andres-alvarez1@upc.edu.co
juan-patino@upc.edu.co
Abstract- This article aims to clearly and understandably
demonstrate the process of both research and development for the
sound detection platform as a support for hearing impaired
people. It covers the most important and general concepts that
were support or help for the final construction of the tool. This
document contains concept information about the different
technological elements used and descriptions of the work done in
the different stages of implementation. The main objective of the
system for the notification of sounds in the home is to contribute
to the process of autonomy and social experience of people with
disabilities.
I. INTRODUCTION
This document presents the research that was carried out
with the purpose of developing a tool capable of providing a
type of assistance to people with hearing disabilities. Initially,
it presents world statistics on the population in these conditions
and mentions a series of inequalities they face on a daily basis.
Based on this, the process of researching the behavior of the ear
and the different technologies that allow the development of the
tool is evidenced. Once the different concepts studied are
contextualized, a detailed description of the components and
technologies integrated in each of the subsystems proposed for
the construction of the tool is made. Finally, the results obtained
and the conclusions reached for this research work are
mentioned.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
According to the World Health Organization, currently
more than 466 million people in the world suffer from some
form of hearing impairment, of which 432 million are adults
and 34 million are children. This is equivalent to just over 5%
of the total world population. It is estimated that by 2050, one
in ten people will suffer from hearing loss, which is equivalent
to approximately 900 million people. In addition, according to
the World Report on Disability, conducted by the World Health
Organization and the World Bank, there are various obstacles
faced by people with disabilities, such as: Insufficient policies
and regulations, negative attitudes, inadequate service delivery,
lack of information [1].
III. FRAME OF REFERENCE
The main objective of this section is to carry out a study of
the different theories, concepts and laws on which the
development of this research work is based. Therefore, a series
of ideas that are directly linked to the research topic are clearly
and precisely described.
A. Theoretical Framework
Next, the theoretical support that endorses the development of
this research work is established. It also offers a first approach to
the technologies with which it is intended to provide solutions to
the problems raised.
1) Internet of things: The Internet of things (IoT) refers to a
global network infrastructure, where physical and virtual objects
interact with each other through standards and communication
protocols that are seamlessly integrated within an information
network [2]. In a simpler way, it can be said that the IoT is based
on the digital interconnection of everyday objects with the
Internet.
2) Embedded systems: An embedded system is composed of
computer tools to execute control tasks frequently in real time.
These are designed to fulfill specific tasks so their capacity and
size is considerably less than a computer or laptop.
Embedded systems can be programmed in the
microcontroller's assembly language or different compilers.
They are usually connected to sensors or actuators. It is important
to clarify that embedded systems have a limit of functionality to
act [3].
3) Cloud Storage: Cloud storage is intended to store data on
the Internet and is provided as a service. The main advantages of
storing information in the cloud are reduced costs, increased
agility and accessibility. The applications usually get access to
these tools through traditional protocols or also through API's [4].
4) Sensor networks: Sensor networks are based on a series of
small electronic devices that work collectively to collect
information on characteristics associated with the environment
or a physical environment such as temperature, sound,
vibrations, pressure, movement or pollutants [5].
B. Conceptual Framework
In this section, the main concepts mentioned throughout this
research work are defined. This is to give an approach to them
and to guide the ideas of the research.
1) Mobile application: It is a program that can be downloaded
to a portable device such as a cell phone, tablet, among others.
They allow users to perform different types of activities, whether
professional, educational, recreational, entertainment, etc. They
usually have a lower processing capacity and less storage than a
traditional computer [6].
2) Domotics: It is defined as the set of technologies that make
possible the automation of certain actions on the objects of a
house. It consists of the integration of systems or subsystems
that are present inside any house [7].
3) WiFi connection: To begin with, the term WiFi basically
refers to different electronic devices having the possibility of
connecting to communication networks through a wireless
network access point. That is, it is the link between a fixed data
network and devices whose communication mode is wireless
[8].
C. Legal Framework
National and international legal standards represent a reason perception will be reflected in linguistic and communicative
for compliance and internal development through norms, development [15].
legislation, ethical and moral principles. The aim is to identify B. How the Human Ear Works
the main laws that are related to disability and are applicable to
this type of population.
1) International legal framework: As for the most important
international norms governed by the United Nations
Organization, certain guidelines are outlined that seek to
prevent discrimination, social integration, equality of rights and
conditions with respect to the population with disabilities.
Within the most important international regulations are
 Statement of Deafblind People. Declared by the
United Nations in 1979. It is an international
initiative that aims to benefit people with disabilities
through the manifestation of general rights [9].
 Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with
Disabilities. It seeks to prevent and eliminate any
form of discrimination against persons with
disabilities and their social integration[10].
 Declaration of Panama of 2000. It establishes the
relationship between disability and human rights,
equality of opportunity, and respect for diversity[11].
2) National legal framework: Within the regulations for the
attention of disability in the national context, Colombia has a
great variety of norms that support the population that suffers
from hearing disability and in general any person that suffers
from any type of disability.
having to take actions or interpret them.
A. Hearing Impairment
Hearing impairment is defined as the abnormality of the
anatomical or physiological function of the auditory system and
reflects its consequences on the disability to hear, which also
implies a deficit in access to oral language.
Since hearing is the primary means through which language
and speech develop, any disorder or abnormality in auditory
The ear is the sensitive organ in charge of receiving sound,
thus forming the sense of hearing, and it also plays a decisive
role in the balance of mammals [16]. Anatomically, the ear can
be divided into three parts:
1) Outer ear: It is the most external part of the ear, its main
function is to capture the sound and bring it to the
middle and inner part of the hate. It is composed by the
auditory pavilion that increases the frequency and
locates the sound source. And the external auditory
canal, which transmits the waves to the tympanic
membrane [16, p20].
2) Middle ear: Located between the eardrum and the oval
window. It is in charge of transmitting the sounds from
the external ear to the internal ear. It is composed of
three main bones. Hammer, anvil and stirrup It is also
composed of the oval membrane, round membrane and
eustachian tube [16, p20].
3) Inner ear: It is the most internal part of the ear, it is
composed by the cochlea, the balance organ and the
auditory nerve. Once the vibrations of the eardrum reach
the oval window. The sound waves continue until they
reach the inner ear [16, p21].
Fig.1 Anatomy of the human ear where each of the parts
mentioned above are evident.

 The State shall implement a policy of prevention,

rehabilitation, and social integration for the
physically, sensory, and mentally handicapped, who
shall be provided with the specialized care they
require [12].
 Agreement 005 of 2003 of the National Television
Commission. This agreement defines and regulates
the systems that guarantee access to public
television services for persons with hearing
limitations[13].
 Law 982 of 2005. This law establishes norms aimed
at equalizing opportunities for deaf and deaf-blind
persons and contains other provisions[14].

IV. HEARING IMPAIRMENT AND SOUND IN THE HOME Fig1. Anatomy of the human ear.
The purpose of this section is to explain in a simple way the C. Sounds and Housing Areas
concept of hearing disability, and also to mention how the
In the different areas of the house usually present different
human ear works for a better understanding of this. On the other
types of sounds that can be categorized according to the area of
hand, it intends to name the sounds that are most frequently
the home where they come from, is made the following table
generated within a home, this in order to establish which ones
that mentions the sounds that are presented and that are
can have the most impact at the moment of generation and
considered the most relevant to take some action.
 TABLE I connected to each other, which in turn make u each of the
MOST RELEVANT SOUNDS IN THE
HOUSE
subsystems, which are responsible for carrying out specific tasks
in order to give proper functioning of the platform.
Sounds The information captured by the microphones is processed
Vacuum Washing through an embedded system and after a segmentation is made it
Open Tap Extractor cleaner machine is sent through a WiFi connection to a database hosted in the
Shower Juicer Voices Automobile cloud. Once this data is stored, the mobile application is in charge
Blender Mixer Alarms Crying of taking the necessary actions so that it can be interpreted by the
Pots Coffee maker Toaster Bark user as shown in Fig. 2.
Scrubbing Cracking
Ovens pottery Shredder earthenware
Shaver Watches Fans Buzzer
Fridge Kitchen timer Television Toilet
Frying Sound equipment Alarm clock /
Knocked on the
Phone door Dryer /

V. SET OF SERVICES

The purpose of this section is to present a series of services

that will be offered to people with hearing disabilities through
the sound detection platform.
Fig.2 General design of the system.

A. Microphone Set
B. Detection Subsystem
A group of microphones seeks to contribute in three
The subsystem defines the incorporation of physical elements
important aspects, as they are A greater gain to the main axis of
for the identification of the sounds that are generated in the
radiation, this means, to have more knowledge of where exactly
environment of the house. This is composed of a set of
the sound waves are being produced; On the other hand, it seeks
microphones that have the ability to capture sounds. In addition, it
to diminish the angle of coverage, this with the purpose of
establishes an efficient connection with the database, which allows
which these waves are propagated and arrive at a point where
sending the information obtained in a stable manner.
the identity of the sound is lost. Finally, to establish a greater
Since the set of microphones is distributed in the different areas of
relationship between the signal and the noise, which is basically
the house, a detection subsystem is required for each of these areas.
to distinguish between the signal produced and the noise that
Its main function is to capture the sounds that are being generated
the microphone captures. [17].
by a sensor, then, through a microcontroller the sound is analyzed
and this is sent through a WiFi network to be stored in a database
in the cloud as shown in Fig.3.
B. Mobile Application
A mobile application is offered which is responsible for
graphically notifying the user about the sounds being generated
in the home. After capturing the sounds through the
microphones, the due process is done to identify which is the
sound that is being generated and as a last step the information
obtained is sent so that it is captured graphically with the detail
of the information and in this way the user is notified about the
sounds that are being generated.

C. Home Services
The different appliances and devices that produce sound in the
Fig3. Design of detection subsystem.
home will also be considered as support tools. This is because
the sounds will be fundamental for the platform to be a support C. Recognition Subsystem
for the users. The doorbell, microwave oven, televisions, pots
The present subsystem is executed once the information is
and pans, stove, washing machine and many other instruments
obtained by the set of microphones and sent to the database. This
and objects will be taken into account to validate the sound
is responsible for processing these data, analyzing the sound
detection platform and its efficiency. captured against the sounds that are stored as illustrated in Fig.
VI. DESIGN OF SUBSYSTEMS 4, this in order to meet the objective of the subsystem. In case of
finding a match at the time of comparison, a notification is sent
The purpose of this section is to graphically illustrate and with the identified results for the user to interpret this
describe each of the subsystems that make up the sound information.
detection platform.

A. General Description of the System

The system is generally composed of a series of elements
 VII. ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

The purpose of this section is to illustrate the architectural

design proposed for the implementation and integration of the
sound detection platform.

A. General System Architecture

For the architectural design of the sound detection platform, the
most basic level of abstraction for IoT systems was taken as a
reference. Which is based on an architecture divided into three
main layers. As a consequence, the tools and technologies
implemented in each layer are described below.

Fig4. Recognition subsystem design

D. Notification Subsystem
From obtaining and processing the data, the notification
subsystem aims to notify the user when a sound is being
generated in the home as shown in Fig. 5, once the recognition
process has been carried out. It is possible that the user is alerted
to events that are occurring around him through a notification that
describes the sound detected and the place where it was
generated. This alert is given thanks to the connection that exists
between the database and the mobile application, allowing the
notification of sounds in real time.
Fig5. Notification subsystem design
E. Monitoring Subsystem
During this subsystem, the aim is to carry out a monitoring
process in order to be sure that both the sound sensors and the
NodeMCU are working normally and that there is no type of
anomaly. This process is done through the communication check
that the devices have in the network, which is known as ping. The
communication status tells us if all the packets that are sent are
being transported regularly and their response is successful.
Fig7. Architectural design
1) Layer of perception: This level is responsible for collecting
physical or environmental properties through sensors and
converting this information into digital signals so that they
can be transmitted over the network. Therefore, this layer
is composed of the MAX 9814 sensor set in charge of
capturing the sounds generated in the home and a series of
NodeMCU devices that process the captured information
and send it through WiFi using the TCP/IP protocol.
2) Network layer: The main function of this layer is to send
the data collected in the perception layer to its destination
through the network, making use of different technologies
or communication protocols. In this order of ideas, once
the data is captured and processed. These are sent to a
database hosted in the cloud using the HTTP protocol.
3) Application layer: The function of this layer is the
development of all types of applications depending on the
objective and use of data collected in the perception layer.
It is considered the most important level in the
implementation of IoT systems. Consequently, it is chosen
to develop a mobile application that allows the user to be
notified every time a sound is being generated in the home.
This is possible thanks to the communication that exists
between the database and the application. Which make use
of HTTP protocols.

B. Communication Protocols
Communication protocols are defined as a set of rules and
standards that allow information to be transmitted between two
or more devices that are part of a system. They are based on a
series of procedures and formats that define the exchange of
information packets to achieve communication through the
network. Understanding the above, the protocols implemented
by the sound detection platform are described below.

Fig6. Monitoring Subsystem Design 1) TCP/IP Protocol: This protocol is composed of

 TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) and IP(Internet
Protocol) protocols. These allow a reliable data exchange
within a network, defining the different processes that are
carried out since the data is sent, until when it is received.
To achieve this, it implements a system of layers that
allows the data sent to reach their destination without
errors and in the same form in which they were sent [18].
2) HTTP Protocol: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP). Allows the transfer of information via the Web.
It is based on a request-response scheme between a client
and a server. First, the client establishes a connection with
the server and sends a message with the request data.
Then, the server responds with a similar message Fig9. Diagram of activities
containing the status of the operation and the possible
result [19]. VIII. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLATFORM

C. Sequence Diagram The purpose of this section is to describe the implementation

Through this diagram, it describes the behavior of the different
objects or components that are part of the system, emphasizing
the interaction that takes place between them. The purpose of
this diagram is to illustrate the sequence of messages that are
exchanged between each of the parts of the system.
A sequence diagram is represented by two dimensions. The
vertical axis, which refers to time, and the horizontal axis,
which refers to the different objects in the system.
Understanding the above, time advances from the top of the
diagram to the bottom, then, the messages that are exchanged
between the different objects are illustrated according to the
sequence in which they are generated.
process that was carried out to develop the sound detection
platform. Throughout it, both hardware and software aspects that
were taken into account at the time of building the tool are
addressed.
A. Choice of Technologies
The following describes the hardware and software elements
taken into account for the construction of the sound detection
platform. Mentioning the advantages offered by each of these.
1) Sound sensor: The main function of these, is to capture the
sounds that are being generated in different areas of the
house. For this reason, a network of microphones
distributed in the spaces of the house is required. In this
way, a platform for sound detection can be developed that
covers an entire home.

We chose to use the MAX9814 sensor which is a high

quality microphone amplifier with automatic gain control.
It has a low noise preamplifier that has a fixed gain of
12dB, a variable gain amplifier that automatically adjusts
from 20dB to 0dB, an output amplifier that offers
selectable gains of 8dB, 18dB and 28dB [20].

Fig8. Sequence diagram

D. Activity Diagram
By means of an activity diagram, the flow of a series of
activities or processes that are executed within a system is
represented. The main purpose of this diagram is to model the
behavior that meets the platform of sound detection.
The Fig8, illustrates through a diagram of activities each of the
processes that are carried out inside the platform of sound
detection. Through this graph, it is evident the activities that are
executed once a sound is captured by the system until it ends
notifying the user about it. In addition, for a better
understanding, the processes that are carried out are
Fig10. MAX9814 Sound Sensor
characterized according to the layer of the system in which they
are executed.
2) Embedded system: It is in charge of fulfilling two
functions within the sound detection platform. First, it
receives the data captured by the sensor and processes it
according to the time in which a certain sound is
generated. Next, it fulfills the function of sending these
 data to a database. This is possible thanks to a WiFi
connection that allows it to do this sending.
For this, we chose to make use of the embedded
NodeMCU system, which is a development board based
on the ESP8266 chip ideal for creating an environment
conducive to applications that require WiFi connectivity
quickly. It has 128 KB of RAM and 4 MB of flash
memory to store data and programs. Its high processing
power with integrated functions of WiFi, Bluetooth and
Deep Sleep Operating make it ideal for IoT projects [21].
comfortable in terms of development, for these reasons it
adapts more easily to modern applications such as mobile
devices, web or games. NoSQL databases can perform
optimally even on low-resource machines and can handle
large amounts of data without losing search efficiency [25].
As a database administrator it was decided to make use of
Firebase.
B. Sound Recognition
The recognition algorithm focuses on a probability calculation
with the incoming information with respect to the stored data.
That is, when a sound is produced in the home and the
microphones manage to capture it, a comparison is made with
the stored sounds in order to determine how much relationship
they have. For this, a count is made when the values that arrived
at the database are within the limit of error margin which is
±20%. Finally, the count of the data indicates the probability that
the sound made is similar to a sound that has been stored
previously and in this way proceed to notify the user.

Fig11. NodeMCU embedded system

3) Programming Languages: These are formal languages

offered to people, usually programmers. The ability to
write a set of instructions, actions, orders in the form of
algorithms in order to control the physical or logical
behavior of a system. In this section we mention the
programming languages that were taken into account for
the development of the sound detection platform [22].
Fig12. Comparison of equal sounds (Doorbell)
 C++: It is a language that comes from the
extension of the language C. In order that it Figure 23 illustrates graphically the comparison between two
could manipulate objects. In spite of being a equal sounds. The blue color represents a sound that has been
language with many years, its great power it previously stored and is in the database, while the orange color
converts in one of the more demanded. C++ shows a sound that is being generated in the house. A
contains the paradigms of programming relationship between the two sounds over a period of time is
oriented to objects. For it that it is known as a evident. In addition, the values of both sounds maintain a
language multiparadigm [23]. It is chosen to similar behavior, which allows identifying that they correspond
make use of this language to program embedded to the same sound.
systems under the Arduino IDE.
 Java: It is a general purpose programming
language, ie, has a lot of environments in which
it can be applied. For example, websites,
servers, mobile applications, video games,
among others. It is based on the concept of
object-oriented programming, and with a strong
typed variables [24]. It was chosen to make use
of this language for the development of the
mobile application under the Android Studio
IDE.

4) Database Administration: Access, storage, control and

display of records in a database is allowed through an
interface where the user (either client or administrator)
interacts with the server, in addition to providing Fig13. Comparison of equal sounds (Phone)
controlled access to the database.
Figure 24 shows the comparison of the same sound, in this
We opted for a NoSQL (Not only SQL) database because case, the telephone. The blue color represents the stored sound
they are more flexible, highly functional, scalable and
 and the orange color represents the incoming sound, it is
evident that the two samples are similar over time, which
leads to the conclusion that they belong to the same sound.
In addition, with respect to figure 23, the difference
between one sound and another is evidenced by the behavior
of the graphs.
IX. TESTS AND RESULTS
The tests and results of the system have the objective of
verifying the integration of tools and technologies that were
taken into account for the construction of the sound detection
platform, verifying the correct functioning of the subsystems
that compose it and the communication and exchange of
information between them. Through this section, we seek to
give an overview of the behavior of the tool.
A) Sound Capture
To validate the operation of the sound capture by the sensors,
the Arduino console was taken as a reference in order to
visualize the behavior and results of the different signals
captured by the set of microphones, where it is possible to
evidence how the sensor is capable of capturing a sound while
it is being generated.
In order to check that the sensors were indeed doing their job,
the test was performed by connecting the microphone and the
NodeMCU for a period of 60 minutes. Where it was possible to
evidence the behavior of the sound through the Arduino
console.
B) Sending and Receiving Information
To evaluate the functionality of the platform when sending and
receiving the information captured by the set of microphones,
the behavior of the database was taken as a reference once it
receives new data. In this way, it can be deduced that if the
database received information it was because the information
was sent previously.
To validate this aspect, tests were carried out with each of the
microphones together with their respective NodeMCU
connected and capturing sounds, with the purpose of
visualizing that at the moment of capturing a sound, this was
sent to the database and this received it correctly. For this, the
Arduino console was used again in order to know which were
the captured data and in the same way, it was visualized in the
database that the information it received corresponded to the
same data registered by the sensor.
C) Notification
To demonstrate the functionality of sending the notification,
the behavior of the database and the mobile application was
taken as a reference when a sound is captured and recognized
by the platform.
To check that a notification is indeed generated corresponding
to the sound captured, a series of sounds were previously stored
that are considered to be most frequently generated in a home.
Then, these sounds are intentionally generated again and it is
possible to see how the sound is recognized and how the
notification is received in the mobile application.
D) System Monitoring
To check that each of the NodeMCU distributed in different
areas of the house is functional, a validation is made by executing
the PING command from the mobile application in order to
evidence the response by the embedded system.
Understanding the above, from the mobile application you select
the NodeMCU you want to monitor and through the IP address
assigned to each device you can view the response to the request
for the PING command, where you can validate the packets
received or lost during the test. It is important to clarify that in
order to test this functionality it is necessary for all devices to be
connected to the same network.
E) Additional Functions
In addition to the above mentioned functionalities, the sound
detection platform has other additional functions that are not
directly related to each of the subsystems, however, they are of
vital importance for the proper functioning of the tool.
To validate these additional functions, a series of tests are
performed to evaluate their behavior in order to check their
functionality. The additional functions and the tests performed
on each of these are described as follows.
1) Save sound: To evaluate this functionality, the behavior of
the database is taken as a reference once a sound is saved
by the user from the mobile application. To do this, a series
of tests are carried out that basically consist of saving
different sounds.
2) View stored sounds: This function is directly related to the
one mentioned above and allows the user to view the
sounds that have been stored. Once the sound saving tests
are done, the tests to visualize stored sounds are done, to
check this functionality, the mobile application is taken as
reference, where the user must be allowed to see the sounds
that he saved, in addition, it is evident that these sounds are
indeed stored in the database.
3) Edit profile: As the last functionality of the platform, the
user is able to change his login password and view his
personal data. To check this action, the password change
test is performed for different users authenticated on the
platform.
X. CONCLUSIONS
The main objective of this research was to demonstrate how
useful could be the development of an IoT system that would
serve as a support for people with hearing disabilities and would
be able to contribute to their process of autonomy and social
experience.
Thus, the main contribution of this research work is the
development of a functional prototype of a tool called sound
detection platform that seeks through a set of microphones to
capture the sounds generated in a home and after the proper
processing of that sound, alert through a notification to the user
in a condition of hearing impairment on the sound being
generated and where it is happening.
The conclusions derived from this research work correspond
to each of the main functions of the sound detection platform
which in turn are related to each of the proposed subsystems and
are described as follows.
Firstly, thanks to the digital conversion of the analog signal
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ab0
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[21] Components101. (2020). Components101.com. "NodeMCU ESP8266".
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Finally, through the development of the sound detection
platform, a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution is
provided, since its energy consumption is minimal and it is
durable over time thanks to the power that the embedded
systems receive for to function efficiently is low.
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