Tutorial

Prove the virial theorem the elliptical orbit

for

hint You will have to calculate the K E 4 P E averaged

over time Period

The orbital eq is

I E cos o all E I E Cosa

I GIL

NÉE

where E

So E ED E Mm
GII

GIMIMI

Remember that for elliptical

Ig

Goym Orbit

Where a is the semi major axis f e is

the eccentricity

So E E 1
GMI Igg

E.gg

PE V h is a variable for elliptical

Gim Clearly
Orbit


But P E averaged over time period T

for

Eft

u am

aye among

I I't
Now do do

t II E

f Em

Now T so
Yid

fm It at

So P E averaged over one time period T V

aye

From E Virial Theorem



Prove that the total gravitational potential energy

is

of the sun
35ft

it hasuniform

P E of a sphere or sun if

density

I anf

f unman

shell

Mass interior

uan's
E Eds

da

my

for uniform density f

16515 f
r dm

169451s

But f 1
iffy

or

Ip

Én
so case would be
41 7
re
It

virial theorem argument to calculate the

30

Use the

the sun

temp of if

e it expands to to times its current size

it shrinks to a radius lo km

I of

true then

It virial theorem holds

K.E P

From thermodynamics KE NR T

4 P E
3 Gif
23

FJ

1.38 10
so T here ko

Z.gg

Also N

2mF

Where M 2 10
Ky
1 67 10

Mp kg

Eaff

so I

ÉI

1 38 10 23

Here M 2 1030 Kg I Rpvariable

1 67 10 R

Mps kg


I R Ro
lo

so

13 1018

3.5 10

si
TE
I

Ra lo km on lo X103m

II

m.is E

Using this information

try
to explain Limb darkening in

words

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb_darkening

Tutorials
thickness 0.2m absorbs 50 of the
A glass slab of

light passing through it How thick a slab of similar glass

I in order to absorb Iot of light passing through it

I in order to absorb 994 of light passingthroughit
I in order to absorb II It of light passingthrough it
Assume Emission coefficient

8 o

here Ii specificIntensity
I opticaldepth
Given I 8
921 when 0

E
P dz

o 2 É
59 e f dz

I 0.2 9
I e
E
0.24
Oh e
 In 2 0.24
0
31
on x

FEI
I Juco Into e Id
346574 n
e

In 10 3 46574 N

on

o.tn
n

3.46574h
Ho xp g.co e
II

3.46574 n
In 100
n
4.60517 3 46574

so h 1.32877
j
 346574 In
I o x 9 o e
yo
I

In 1000 3.46574 N

n 1.993
j
Maaticaprogram
alpha n n
Manipulate Solve Log 100 2 100

2,1 too 0.13

alpha Log 23 0.2

 The sun has a total luminosity of LE 4 1025 5
I
Describe the specific intensity for it
Planck's f is
Blackbody

ty
B V T
24 x

The units of this quanity are si'm ng

si em2mg in c.gs
which is essentially ergs
Hence B V T is nothing but the specific intensity I

emitted a
by Blackbody

To obtain the luminosityfrom it we must integrate

i over the solidangle

ii over the frequency

iii over the area

For sun
Lo fff 41ft
did r da

This integral after solving comes out to be

Lq J
4AR

Here is the Stefan's constant

Therefore is 4 10265 5 is B i T as written abovefor
turf Y
TIGER
Find out apparent absolutemagnitude of the sun 4serins

frominternet Use that info to calculate how

far is Sun f
how is Sirius
far
Also the luminosities are often described in Lo units where
is the luminosity the sun Then in theseunits whatwoul
Lo of
be the luminosity of Sirius

Absolute magnitude it the Sun 4.83

of
in Visible it Sirius ti y
hmm
26 y
Apparent magnitude of it the sun
ii Sirius I 46
in Visible

So for sun tie

4.83 26.74 5log

f

1.46 t 5logno 1
for Sirius 1 y
1
d 2.67917
PE
Also Ma M 2.512 log E
1.4 483 2.512 log
Ig
33,2 log I

23 1991
I.gg
n