Swimming pool construction

St. Alban school, Basel · Planners: Weyss+Santos, Basel · Photo: Bisig/Bayer, Basel

1
The comprehensive product range from
Villeroy & Boch offers all the ceramic elements
that are required in the construction of state-of-the-
art swimming pools. All the system components
form part of a modular concept and are ideal for
combination with the PRO ARCHITECTURA colour
system, featuring more than 50 coordinated
colours.
Villeroy & Boch is also able to provide the follow-
ing services to help you plan and implement your
swimming pool project:

• Individual, application-oriented advice for

swimming pool projects (new construction and
restoration)
• Design planning
• CAD-based structural design for swimming pools
• Tendering service

2
 Swimming pool construction

Rehazenter, Luxembourg · Architects: m3 architectes s.a. - Dell, Linster, Lucas, Luxembourg

Photo: Weber, Luxembourg · Tile range: PRO ARCHITECTURA
3
4
 Fundamentals of swimming pool construction
Defining the modular dimensions

The line of swimming pool ceramics consists of
modular trims in a nominal length of 200 mm
(195 + 5 mm joint) and modular tiles from the
PRO ARCHITECTURA range.
Modular tiles are based on the basic module “M”
(100 mm) and multiples thereof, plus smaller sup-
plementary dimensions, e.g. 50 mm. The modular
dimensions of our tiles and functional trims are
derived from the factory dimensions plus the joint
width. The smaller the tile/functional trim, the
smaller the joint can be. The resulting modular
dimension will not change. The small format tiles
(10 x 10 cm, 5 x 5 cm and 2.5 x 2.5 cm) are supplied
on ready-to-set sheets (30 x 50 cm). The sheets are
available with the lattice paper attached on the front
or back. For wet areas we recommend using tiles
with lattice paper on the front only or with glass
fibre lattice backing only. Lattice paper on front and
glass fibre lattice backing must be specified when
placing orders. Formats larger than 10 x 10 cm are
supplied loose in the box.
All pool dimensions (rough shell and finished),
fixtures, recesses for inlets and drains must be coor-
dinated. The rough shell planning is made on the
basis of the tile planning. The Villeroy & Boch tile
planning service is free of charge. Please contact your
sales agent or the Planning Department directly, at
V&B Fliesen GmbH
Herr Marco Warschburger
Objektplanung - Technik + Gestaltung
Rotensteiner Weg
66663 Merzig
Tel.: +49 (0)6864 - 81 3245
Fax: +49 (0)6864 - 81 3592
E-Mail: warschburger.marco@villeroy-boch.com

5
Fundamentals of swimming pool construction

Position from edge = n x 200 + 102.5 mm Centre distance = n x 200 mm Position from edge = n x 200 + 102.5 mm
Rough shell = n x 200 + 127.5 mm Rough shell = n x 200 + 127.5 mm
Finished dimension = n x 200 + 5 mm

Rough shell dimension = Finished dimension + 2 x 25 mm

The (nominal) length of the functional trims (200 mm)
determines a basic linear division for the dimensions
of the pool in multiples of 200 mm. As in masonry, this
is a break dimension and an additional joint must be
included.
Special note:
Please specify in your order if you require lattice
paper on the front side of mosaic tiles.
• The finished length of the pool is therefore calculated
as follows: finished length = n x 200 mm + 5 mm
• The rough shell length is calculated as follows:
Rough shell length = finished length + 2 x construction
thickness of walls
The walls are made of plaster, mortar and tiles =
generally 25 mm.
The rough shell length is therefore the finished lengh
+ 50 mm.
• The position of the drains:
position from edge = n x 200 mm + 102.5 mm
• The axial spacing of the drains is:
centre distance = n x 200 mm
• The pool depth is calculated by:
depth = height of trim + n x 100 mm + 5 mm
To allow continual and uniform overflow, care must be
taken when laying the pool edge that it is perfectly hori-
zontal and level. According to the German “Guidelines
for pool construction” deviations in height of +/- 2 mm
are acceptable.

The following drawings were produced by the company Villeroy & Boch. The user is responsible for verifying
the correctness and suitability of the variant concerned. Villeroy & Boch provides no guarantee and shall not be
held liable in this connection.

6
 Fundamentals of swimming pool construction
Drains

The number of drains depends on the size of the pool,
the size of the overflow channels and the water circula-
tion, and should be calculated by a water-treatment
firm. Approx. 2 – 3.5 m can be taken as a general guide-
line for the centre distance, depending on the overflow
system. Drain funnels (available from manufacturers of
accessories) should be concreted in to compensate for
installation tolerances in the drain piping.
Villeroy & Boch supplies 35 mm drain connectors or
152 mm whispering drains to connect the tiles
around the drain to the piping. These should be
ordered separately. As shown in the installation
instructions, the tiler should attach the short connec-
tor to the drain with epoxy resin.
The whispering drain is inserted from above and
secured with a rubber seal.

Drain dimensions in mm
Art. A B C
3031 115 110 86
3061 75 90 75
3091 155 110 86
3071 125 110 86

Special note:
Outlet connectors and whispering drains must be
ordered separately.

Art. 3961 Art. 3971 Art. 3951

Whispering drain Ø 65 mm Whispering drain Ø 65 mm Drain connector Ø 100 mm
Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Plastic, yellow
Flange Ø 83 mm Flange Ø 100 mm PN71
Plastic, grey Plastic, grey Price group E29
PN72 PN72
Price group E169 Price group E176

Drain funnel Drain funnel

Connection with whispering drain Connection with connector drain

7
Swimming pool renovation

Thanks to its decades of experience, 3 3 3 20 3 3 3

225 47 47 47 47 47 47 47
Villeroy & Boch is the competent part-
125
ner for the construction of new and Capillary breaking
Water level ±0.00 joint filler Art. 2706 "B"
-0.02

30
restoration of existing swimming inclined

pools. Our company offers you a Bonded waterproofing

150
consultation and planning service 8,35 l/m

100
Art. 3070
25
that will assist you in all stages of

25
project implementation. Please talk

97
to the Villeroy & Boch sales
25 225 172
representatives or to the relevant

3
department directly. See addresses

97
Art. 3201
on pages 252, 340.

3
97
3
97
3
97
3
97
3

When renovating swimming baths,

97

it is often necessary to install a

3

composite seal directly under the 25 300

tile covering.

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 20 3 3 3
72 47 250 47 47 47 47 47 47 47
25 25
Art. 3002 Art. 2706 "B" Art. 3591 Art. 2706 "B"
Water level ±0.00
Art. 3591 inclined
25
15
3

Bonded waterproofing
3

Art. 3171 or
97

25 Art. 3215 Capillary

120 breaking
joint filler
3

37 l/m
197

30
97

4 4
Art. 3201 147 30

Art. 3103
3

3
30
97
3

96 113
25 20
180 208 170
97
3
97
3
97

25
3

300

8
 Overview of pool edge systems
High water level

Overflow channel
with functional trims

Art. 3070, Art. 3090

Uses (preferable):
Indoor, outdoor, recreation,
fun and hotel pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours

System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 page
Small overflow channel

Channel piece Art. 3070 Glazed / unglazed • • • 262

vitreous

Channel with drain Art. 3071 Glazed / unglazed • • • 262

vitreous

Inside corner Art. 3074 Glazed / unglazed • • • 262

vitreous

Large overflow channel

Channel piece Art. 3090 Glazed / unglazed • • • 263

vitreous

Channel with drain Art. 3091 Glazed / unglazed • • • 263

vitreous

Inside corner Art. 3094 Glazed / unglazed • • • 263

vitreous

Accessories

Whispering drain Art. 3971 Plastic, grey 254, 262, 263, 269

Drain connector Art. 3951 Plastic, yellow 254, 262, 263, 269

9
Overview of pool edge systems
High water level

Overflow system with ceramic “St. Moritz” system

grip ledge
Small format tiles
Art. 3002, Art. 3005 Art. 3002, Art. 3003
Uses (preferable): Uses (preferable):
Indoor, outdoor, recreation, Recreation, hotel and
fun and hotel pools private pools

Finnish “Pyrmont” system

Art. 3003, Art. 3591

Uses (preferable):
Outdoor, recreation,
sport and teaching pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours

System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 page
“Finnish” overflow system

Grip ledge Art. 3002 Glazed vitreous • 264

Grip trough Art. 3003 Glazed vitreous • 264

Outside angle piece Art. 3005 Glazed vitreous • 264

Z-profile Art. 3591 Glazed vitreous • • 264

Double bullnose

Rounded running piece Art. 3086 Glazed vitreous • • • 272

Rounded Art. 3087 Glazed vitreous • • • 272

corner

Rounded Art. 3486 Glazed vitreous • • • 272

running piece

Rounded Art. 3487 Glazed vitreous • • • 272

corner

Pool ladder

Pool ladder Art. 3082 Glazed vitreous • • • 273

10
 Overview of pool edge systems
Low water level

“Wiesbaden” system

Art. 3060, Art. 3030,

Art. 3065
Uses (preferable):
Indoor, outdoor
and therapy pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours

System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 PN70 page
Small “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Channel piece Art. 3060 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Channel with drain Art. 3061 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Inside corner Art. 3064 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Large “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Channel piece Art. 3030 Glazed vitreous • • • 269

Channel with drain Art. 3031 Glazed vitreous • • • 269

Inside corner Art. 3034 Glazed vitreous • • • 269

Small pool edge piece

Running edge Art. 3065 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3069 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

outside corner vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3468 Unglazed vitreous • 261

inside corner

Accessories

Whispering drain Art. 3961 Plastic, grey 254, 268

Whispering drain Art. 3971 Plastic, grey 254, 262, 263, 269

Drain connector Art. 3951 Plastic, yellow 254, 262, 263, 269

11
Overview of pool edge systems
Special solution – therapy pools | high-/low-level

“Therapy” system

Art. 3060, Art. 3030

Uses (preferable):
Therapy pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours

System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 page
Small “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Channel piece Art. 3060 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Channel with drain Art. 3061 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Inside corner Art. 3064 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Large “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Channel piece Art. 3030 Glazed vitreous • • • 269

Channel with drain Art. 3031 Glazed vitreous • • • 269

Inside corner Art. 3034 Glazed vitreous • • • 269

Accessories

Whispering drain Art. 3961 Plastic, grey 254, 268

Whispering drain Art. 3971 Plastic, grey 254, 262, 263, 269

Drain connector Art. 3951 Plastic, yellow 254, 262, 263, 269

12
 Overview of pool edge systems
Low water level

“Skimmer” system

Art. 3065
Uses (preferable):
Private pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours

System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 PN70 page
Small pool edge piece

Running edge Art. 3065 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3069 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

outside corner vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3468 Unglazed vitreous • 261

inside corner

13
Pool edge systems in detail
Low water level | Small pool edge piece

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed / unglazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece

Art. 3065 Special points For reasons of slip resistance,

Channel piece the bead is unglazed.
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E89 Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

5 3
40 97 Art.2200 "B"

Art. 3468
Inside corner 75
PN00, PN04, PN13 Art. 3065
Price group E113
5

This article is made of unglazed vitreous

and is only available in the colour PN70,
97

as only the unglazed bead is visible. Skimmer according

to manufacturer's
Water level ±0.00 instructions
3
97
3
97

Art. 3201
3
97

Art. 3069
3

Outside corner
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E144

Low water level – ”Skimmer” system

Uses (preferable):
Private pools

Note:
To ensure swimming pool water of hygienic quality, the water is to be treated and disinfected in accordance
with DIN 19643-1 (treatment of water for swimming pools). To prevent fungal attack, the surfacing is to undergo
thorough cleaning once annually, replacing the entire filling of water.

14
 Pool edge systems in detail
High water level | Small overflow channel – Wiesbaden pool overflow

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed / unglazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece

Art. 3070 Special points For reasons of slip resistance,

Channel piece the bead is unglazed.
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E94 Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

3 3 3 20 3 3 3
225 47 47 47 47 47 47 47

125
Capillary breaking
Water level ±0.00 joint filler Art. 2706 "B"
-0.02

30
inclined
Art. 3074
Inside corner Bonded waterproofing
PN00, PN04, PN13
150

Price group E162 8,35 l/m

100
Art. 3070
25
5

25
97

25 225 172
3
97

Art. 3201
3

Art. 3071
Outlet Ø 86 mm
97

PN00, PN04, PN13

Price group E119 Reaction resin filler
3
97
3

Watertight concrete
97

Art. 3951
Outlet Ø 100 mm
3

PN00, PN04, PN13

Price group E29
97
3
97
3

25 300

Art. 3971
Whispering drain Ø 65 mm High water level – overflow channel with moulded trims
Drainage rate max. 5m3/h
Flange Ø 100 mm Uses (preferable):
Plastic, grey Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools
PN72
Price group E176

15
 Pool edge systems in detail
High water level | Large overflow channel – Wiesbaden pool overflow

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed / unglazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece

Special points For reasons of slip resistance,

Art. 3090 the bead is unglazed.
Channel piece
PN00, PN04, PN13 Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA
Price group E112
60

3 20 3 3
300 60 97 97 97
10

105
140

155
35

Water level ±0.00 Capillary breaking

joint filler Art. 3005 "C" Art. 2200 "B"
35 -0.035

30
inclined
30 0
0 21
15 300 Bonded waterproofing
40
200

135
Art. 3094 Art. 3090 19.0 l/m
Inside corner 25
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E162
5

25
97

25 300
3
97

Art. 3201
3
97

Reaction resin filler

3

Art. 3091
Outlet Ø 86 mm
PN00, PN04, PN13
97

Price group E131

Watertight concrete
3
97
3
97

Art. 3951
Drain connector Ø 100 mm
Plastic, yellow
3

PN71
Price group E29
97

25 300
3

High water level – overflow channel with moulded trims

Uses (preferable):
Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools
Art. 3971
Whispering drain Ø 65 mm
Drainage rate max. 5m3/h
Flange Ø 100 mm
Plastic, grey
PN72
Price group E176

16
 Pool edge systems in detail
High water level | “Finnish” overflow system

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed / unglazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 3 mm
Surface formed, rough
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

Art. 3002
Grip ledge Special points Underwater edges such as steps or the front edge of the
PN04 “Finnish” system must be accentuated with a stripe of
Price group E30 a different colour (PA06).

In Germany, FINNISH overflow systems are expected to

satisfy the following requirements:
• The pool edge must offer something to hold onto (grip).
• The grip must be 15 mm high/deep.
• The grip must be situated within 100 mm of the vertical
wall of the pool.
• The rear side of the grip should be as vertical
as possible.
• The top of the grip must be accentuated by means of a
stripe of contrasting colour measuring at least 2.5 cm
across.
• The slope of the washover incline must be about 10 %,
and the surface finish must answer the description of
slip resistance category C.
Art. 3003
Grip trough
PN04
Price group E30
8,5

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
72 97 97 250 47 47 47 47 47 47 47

25 25 14
Art. 3002 Art. 3246 "C" Art. 3591 Art. 3591 Art. 2706 "B"
Water level ±0.00 inclined
25
3 9

Art. 3005
15

Angle piece max 10% Bonded waterproofing

inclination
3

PN04, PN70 Art. 3171 or

Art. 3215 Capillary
97

Price group E30 275

breaking
joint filler
37 l/m
197
3

30 4 4
147 30
97

Art. 3201
Art. 3103
3

Reaction resin filler

30
97

96 113
3

25 328 208 170

97
3

Watertight concrete
97
3
97

Art. 3591 25 300

3

Running edge
PN00, PN04
Price group E23

17
Pool edge systems in detail
High water level | “Finnish” overflow system

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
72 97 97 250 47 47 47 47 47 47 47

25 25 14
Art. 3003 Art. 3246 "C" Art. 3591 Art. 3591 Art. 2706 "B"
Water level ±0.00 inclined

25
3 23

6
max 10% Bonded waterproofing

10
inclination

3
Art. 3171 or
Art. 3215 Capillary
97

258 breaking
joint filler
37 l/m

197
3

30 4 4
147 30
97

Art. 3201
Art. 3103

3
3

Reaction resin filler

30
97

96 113

25 314 208 170

3
97

Watertight concrete
3
97
3
97

25 300
3

3 20 3 3
72 352 166 180 97 97

Art. 2200 "B"

+0.02
30

Art. 3002 Art. 2702 "C"

Water level ±0.00
20

-0.03
50

Bonded waterproofing
15

15

30
3

50
30

25 548 200
197
3

Reaction resin filler

197

Art. 3107
3

Watertight concrete
197

25 300
3

18
 Pool edge systems in detail
High water level | Overflow system “Finnish”

3 3 3 3 20 3
72 60 250 60 97 97 97

Art. 3002 Art. 3005 "C" Art. 3005 "C" Art. 2200 "B"
Water level ±0.00
inclined

15

30
25
15
3

6
Bonded waterproofing

30

3
Art. 3171 or
97

Capillary-
Art. 3215 breaking
25 103
joint filler
3

37 l/m

235
197
30
97

4 4
Art. 3201 147 30

Art. 3103
3

Reaction resin

3
filler

30
97
3

96 113
20
25 163 208 155
97
3
97

Watertight concrete
3
97
3

25 300

Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 20 3 3 3
72 47 250 47 47 47 47 47 47 47
25 25
Art. 3002 Art. 2706 "B" Art. 3591 Art. 2706 "B"
Water level ±0.00
Art. 3591 inclined
25
15
3

Bonded waterproofing
3

Art. 3171 or
97

25 Art. 3215 Capillary

120 breaking
joint filler
3

37 l/m
197

30
97

4 4
Art. 3201 147 30

Art. 3103
3

Reaction resin
3

filler
30
97
3

96 113
25 20
180 208 170
97
3
97

Watertight concrete
3
97

25
3

300

Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

19
Pool edge systems in detail
High water level | St. Moritz System

23 23
• The rounded-off pool border is 72

higher than the pool surround. 2 3

Art. 3002 Water level ±0.00

15
• The water level is approximately

3
50-60 cm above the pool surround.
• The water flows over the pool

197
border, running down the
outside and into the overflow Art. 3215

channel, the top of which is flush Art. 3753

3
with the pool surround. The over-
flow is executed either as a shal-

600

197
low, open trough or as
a grate-covered, tiled, channel.
• Small format tiles are preferable.

3
• With deference to possible Reaction resin filler

erosion, epoxy resin should be

25 170 25

197
used for filling the 25
joints. Art. 2200 "B" Art. 3591
-0.60
Art. 3215
inclined

25

3
Bonded waterproofing

Capillary Art. 3215

115
breaking
joint filler Art. 3103

197
30

3 25
30 147 70 290

3
Watertight concrete

197

Uses (preferable): Recreation, hotel and private pools

20
 Pool edge systems in detail
Low water level | Small “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece
Art. 3060
Channel piece Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E82

342

Art. 3064 5 3 3 20 3 3
40 97 97 97 97 97
Inside corner
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E123 Art. 3065 Art. 2200 "B"
75

Bonded waterproofing
89

Art. 3107 Capillary breaking

joint filler

Art. 3709
48

Water level ±0.00

25
5

Art. 3061 5,2 l/m

100

100

Outlet Ø 86 mm
Art. 3060
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E118
5

25

25 25
120 172
197

Art. 3107
Watertight concrete
3

Art. 3961
Whispering drain Ø 65 mm
Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Reaction resin filler
Flange Ø 83 mm
197

Plastic, grey
PN72
Price group E169
3

25 300

Low water level

Uses (preferable):
Indoor, outdoor and therapy pools

21
Pool edge systems in detail
Low water level | Large “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

Art. 3030
Channel piece
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E91

491

5 4 4 20 4
40 146 146 146 146

Art. 3065 Art. 2215 "B"

Art. 3034
75

Inside corner Bonded waterproofing

PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E137
235

160

Capillary breaking
23
2 joint filler

Water level ±0.00 Art. 3107

25
150
150

14.5 l/m
Art. 3030
5

25

Art. 3031
Outlet Ø 86 mm 25
200
PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E121
197

25 225 242

Art. 3107
3

Watertight concrete

Reaction resin filler

197

Art. 3951
Drain connector Ø 100 mm
Plastic, yellow
PN71
Price group E29
3

25 300

Low water level

Art. 3971 Uses (preferable):

Whispering drain Ø 65 mm Indoor, outdoor and therapy pools
Drainage rate max. 5m3/h
Flange Ø 100 mm
Plastic, grey
PN72
Price group E176

22
 Special designs
Therapy pools

In Germany, the design and construction of medi- • The pool must have an overflow channel on at
cinal baths is subject to the following basic rules: least one side and one end.
• The minimum dimensions for therapy pools are • As a rule, the therapist’s gallery should run along
3 x 4 m. one side of the pool and have a minimum width
• The minimum water depth is 0.5 m for children of 75 cm and a minimum depth of 80 cm.
and 0.8 m for adults. • A handrail or ledge must be provided at the edge
• The maximum water depth is 1.35 m. of the pool (water level).
• The pool must have an overflow channel running • The steps must be at least 60 cm wide.
along all its sides. Skimmers are not acceptable for • The maximum slope for ramps is 15 %.
hygienic reasons.
• The slope of the pool’s floor should ideally be
constant, and should not exceed 4%.

5 2 2 4
123 60 48 48 48 60

Art. 3086 Art. 3709

+0.12
25
60

60

Capillary
breaking
5

joint filler
75
48

Water level ±0.00

218

1
97
5

Art. 3060
100

100

5,2 l/m
3
97

2
5

25

Art. 3201
3
97

25 25 25
120 205
97
3

640

350
3
97

25
145
97
3

3
97

Reaction resin filler

97
3

Art. 3201
3
97

97
3

Watertight concrete
5
97

60

Art.3086
3

Art. 3350 (cut)

42
97

-0.68
10

3
15

Polystyrene strip
3

Art. 2072 "B" Art. 2200 "B"

97
3

1 2 3 =Elastic joint sealant

25 300
97
3

23
Special designs
Therapy pools

113 287

+0.15

100 25
Capillary

75
breaking

145
joint filler
75 90 75
75
Water level ±0.00
5

5,2 l/m

150
100

100
Art. 3060

2
5

25
97

25
145 205

350
3

25 25
97

Art. 3753
Art. 3201
3
97

Reaction resin filler

3
97
3

Watertight concrete
97

25
3

3
97

123

3 3
147 147
3

-0.75
4
5
97

Bonded waterproofing Art. 2404 "B"

3
97

250
1 2 3 4 = Elastic joint sealant
3

24
 Moulded trims
Large double bullnose

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece
Art. 3086 Art. 3087
Rounded running piece Rounded corner Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA
PN00, PN04, PN13 PN00, PN04, PN13
Price group E20 Price group E43

Small double bullnose

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Art. 3486 Art. 3487 Glaze matt
Rounded running piece Rounded corner Packing Piece
PN00, PN04, PN13 PN00, PN04, PN13 Calculation unit Piece
Price group E18 Price group E33
Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

5 5 3 3 3 20 3 3 3 3 3
60 48 300 60 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47

155
Art. 3086 Capillary
Water level ±0.00 Art. 3709 breaking
joint filler Art. 3005 Art. 2706 "B"
10

-0.035 inclined
60

Bonded waterproofing
55
5

Art. 3090
110

25
Art. 3709
25
25

109

5
88 300 185

25 485

25

Reaction resin filler

Art. 3486 Art. 3709
-0.522
25

425 66 88 30

Top concrete layer Watertight concrete

25
Moulded trims
Ladder

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 5 mm
Surface formed
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece
PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E86
Art. 3082
Ladder Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

72 3 97 3 97 3 60 3 250 3 47 3 47 3 47 3 47 3 3 47 3 47 3 47 3

14
Art. 3002 Art. 3246 "C" Art. 3005 "C" Art. 3215 Art. 2706 "B"
Water level ±0.00 inclined
15

3 15

15

Bonded waterproofing
max 10%
inclination
Art. 3171 or
311 Art. 3215
97

Capillary breaking
joint filler
37 l/m
3

30
300

97

Art. 3103
Reaction resin filler
3

Art. 3201
97

102 108
397

80 2 80 19
3

6 97 3 44 3 25
306

97

3
3

156 25
397

Art. 3082
397
306

97

Watertight concrete
3
3
397
97
306

397
97

Art. 3201
3

100 156 25

26
 Moulded trims
Pool access steps

Applications Pool edge - indoors / outdoors

Material Glazed / unglazed vitreous
Actual size see diagrams
Joints approx. 3 mm
Surface formed, rough
Finish uni-coloured
Glaze matt
Packing Piece
Calculation unit Piece

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

Art. 3003
Grip trough Special points Underwater edges such as steps or the front edge of the
PN04 “Finnish” system must be accentuated with a stripe of
Price group E30 a different colour (PA06).
8,5

Art. 3005
Angle piece
PN04, PN70
Price group E30

3 3 3 3
62 97 250 297

24
Art. 3003 Art. 3246 "C" Art. 2121 "B" or
Art. 2122 "B"
Water level ±0.00 Art. 3591 inclined
25

Art. 3201 inclination Bonded waterproofing

3

max 10% Art. 3171 or

121

Art. 3215 Capillary

3 3 3 158 breaking
60 97 97 37 joint filler
37 l/m
197
3

-0.16 4 4
36

30 147 30
25

30
3

Art. 3103
Art. 3005 "C"
97

Reaction resin filler

30

3 3 3 3
60 97 97 34 300
3 3

-0.32
30 29

96 112
25

213 208 200

3

Art. 3246 "C"

97

3 3 3 3
60 97 97 34
Top concrete layer Watertight concrete
3 3

-0.48 25
30 29

25
300 300 300 250

27
Technical aspects of application for swimming pools
Static systems, movement joints

The pool must be structurally independent of the joints around and, where necessary, within the pool.
remaining structure. The structural engineer is The following static systems can be used to effect
responsible for selecting the static system. His the structural separation of the pool from the
decision dictates the arrangement of movement remaining structure.

Surround formed as single span slab Surround formed as cantilever slab on the Surround formed as cantilever slab on the
pool structure

Waterproofing of movement joints for overflow systems

The movement joint is situated in an area which is Nowadays, pool surrounds are usually water-
exposed to high strain through water. The type of proofed with brushable coatings, so-called alternati-
water-proofing to be used for the joint depends on ve waterproofing, in accordance with ZDB leaflet.
the waterproofing of the pool surround.

Capillary breaking joint filler

Tiles
Thin-bed mortar
Bonded waterproofing
Elastic joint sealant with closed cell rope
Sealing tape
Water level ±0.00 > 150 Sloping screed covered with thermal insulation,
inclined protective sheet and reinforced screed

Reaction resin filler

Watertight concrete

28
 Technical aspects of application for swimming pools
Pool construction
Pools to be clad with tiles are usually made of reinfor-
ced concrete.
In some cases pools made of steel - e.g. on pleasure
cruisers - or plastic can also be lined with vitreous
tiles. In such cases, please ask for more detailed infor-
mation.
The following considerations apply exclusively to
reinforced waterlight concrete pools.
This can be achieved by:
• using impermeable concrete or
• waterproofing.
Pools made of watertight concrete
The pool is made of impermeable concrete in accor-
dance with DIN 1045 and the structural analysis.
The concrete must be and remain free of cracks.
The following points should be heeded when
building the pool:
• Proper composition of aggregates and according-
ly a low water/cement ratio.
• For practical reasons, pool floors and walls should
be at least 25 cm thick and the upturn behind
and/or in front of the drainage channel should be
at least 15 cm thick, in the absence of any addi-
tional sealing.
• Optimal compaction of freshly poured concrete by
means of an immersion vibrator.
Tiles
Elastic joint sealant
Stop end joint tape
Reinforcement
29
After completing the reinforced concrete body of the
pool, in order to verify watertightness, the customer is
to fill the pool with chlorinated water for test purpos-
es to the level of the rim around the pool (exposed
concrete). The outside of freestanding pools should
also not be waterproofed until after the leak test.
Marking the water level during the leak test provides
an excellently accurate line of reference for positio-
ning the ceramic accessories for the overflow without
the need for carrying out special additional measure-
ments.
• Appropriate aftertreatment of concrete
(by keeping it moist)
• Minimum strength category of concrete: B25.
• Minimum overlap of reinforcing rods: 5 cm.
• For pools intended to be filled with aggressive
water, e.g. salt water, the bonding agents used
should be selected on the basis of a water
analysis.
• It is desirable to pour the floor and walls in a
single operation. Should a construction joint
between the floor and the walls be necessary,
a stop-end joint tape must be inserted.
Technical aspects of application for swimming pools
Pool construction
Pools with waterproofing bonded with ceramic tiles
As a technical rule for this type of waterproofing see
the leaflet from the ZDB “Ceramic tiles in swimming
pool construction - Advice on planning and imple-
mentation.” and DIN 18195-7.
Materials to be used:
• Synthetic cement mixtures or
• Reactive resins
Required properties:
• Adhesive strength ≥ 0.5 N/mm2
• Frost resistance ≥ 0.5 N/mm2
• Thermal stability 70°C (HZF) ≥ 0,5 N/mm
• Resistance to caustic potash solution 3% ≥ 0,5 N/mm
2
• Resistance to lime water ≥ 0,5 N/mm
• Resistance to lime water ≥ 0.5 N/mm2
• Impermeability to water after 7 days at 3 bar
• Bridging cracks of up to 0.4 mm
(Fix load over 24 hours)
• Resistance to chemicals
Waterproofing
Waterproofing should be carried out according to
the manufacturers instructions. The thickness of the
waterproofing depends on the material used and
the specifications of the manufacturer.
At structure joints and corners wherever move-
ments are to be expected, the waterproofing should
be reinforced with bonded fabric or foil.
Tiles
Thin-bed mortar
Bonded waterproofing
Sealing tape
Closed cell rope
Elastic joint sealant
Screed
Watertight concrete
Waterproofing on structure joint
Suitable bases
• Concrete in accordance with DIN 1405
and DIN 4227
• Underlay waterproof plaster in accordance with
DIN 18550, mortar group P III
• Levelling screed as bonded levelling screed in
accordance with DIN 18560, quality ZE 20
The dimensional accuracy of the backing should
correspond with the finished cladding. Considerable
unevenness should be compensated for beforehand
with underlay waterproof plaster or levelling screed.
The base material must be free of abherents, debris,
dust, binding agents, efflorescence or other conta-
minants that could impair adhesion.
Concrete surfaces on the pool walls should be sand-
blasted.
Resulting cracks or the movement of existing cracks
should not exceed 0.5 mm. Cracks of more than
0.5 mm width must be grouted under pressure.
Pipes are incorporated in the surface waterproofing
by means of a gasket or flange.
Floor drains need a wide flange to take the water-
proofing.
Levelling coat
Tiles
Thin-bed mortar
Bonded waterproofing
Sealing tape in corner
Elastic joint sealant
Closed cell rope
Insulation strip
Screed
Watertight concrete
Waterproofing at wall/floor joint
30
 Technical aspects of application for swimming pools
Ceramic claddings

In principle all types of tiling belong to one of the Differentiation is necessary with deference to:
following groups: • The properties of the finished cladding
• Bonded claddings • The anticipated stress levels in the cladding
• Floating claddings construction
• The size of sections and the location and
execution of expansion/structural joints.

Bonded claddings

Bonded claddings are based on the principle of must be free of the following:
frictional connection, i.e. no movement is possible • residue and debris such as wood, metal, formwork
between the ceramic tiles and the solid base, much lube or other contaminating layers that could
like in a reinforced concrete component. impair adhesion
• cracks or efflorescence
The conventional setting method involves the use of • considerable unevenness
bedding mortar, while the thin bed method in accor- • too smooth a surface.
dance with DIN 18157 relies on an adhesive to effect Movement joints should be limited to the same locati-
the bond. To achieve a good bond, the base material ons and widths as those of the existing structure

Concrete
Bonding course
Concrete
Bonded screed
(Levelling course) Concrete Bonding course
Thin-bed mortar Thin-bed mortar Thick-bed mortar
(acc. DIN 18157) (acc. DIN 18157) (Levelling course)
Tiles Tiles Tiles

Bonded claddings

Floating claddings

A floating cladding is when the cladding is separated Unlike bonded claddings, floating claddings should
from the backing by insulation, foils, oil-impregnated be subdivided by movement joints around the bor-
paper or the like in accordance with DIN 18195. ders of and between individual sections.

Concrete Concrete Concrete

Separation layer
(double layer)
Reinforced screed
(local distribut. course)
Thin-bed mortar
(acc. DIN 18157)
Tiles
Bonded waterproofing Thermal insulation
(acc.w. DIN 18195)
Separation layer
Separation layer (double layer)
(single layer)
Reinforced screed
Reinforced screed (local distribut. course)
(burden-sharing course)
Thin-bed mortar
Thin-bed mortar (acc. DIN 18157)
(acc. DIN 18157)
Tiles
Tiles

Floating claddings

31
Technical aspects of application for swimming pools
Ceramic claddings

Pool claddings

In the case of a swimming pool made of imperme-
able concrete the tiles are attached by means of the
BONDED CLADDING principle.
VOB-DIN 18352 “Working with tiles and slabs”
applies for bonded cladding in mortar (so-called
conventional or thick bed tiling)
DIN 18157 “Tiling ceramic coverings using the thin
bed method” applies for thin bed tiling.
DIN 18550 “Plaster” applies for screeds, DIN 18560 –
Part 3 “The use of screeds – bonded screeds”.
If the backing is as level as the finished cladding is
expected to be, the tiles can be fixed directly to the
concrete by the thin bed method.
Most serious damage resulting from the failure of the
bond between the tiles and the backing is caused by
shear stresses building up in the interface. Shear
stress occurs most often when the “young” concrete
is tiled before it has finished shrinking.
In accordance with point 7.2 of the information leaflet
"Schwimmbadbau" - Hinweise für Planung und
Ausführung Keramischer Beläge im
Schwimmbadbau" ("Swimming pool construction –
Instructions on planning and producing ceramic
coverings in swimming pool construction"), publis-
hed by the central association of the German buil-
ding industry (ZDB) in July 2008, the concrete should
have a minimum age of 6 months pursuant to DIN
1045.

In general, however, it is necessary to compensate for

a certain amount of unevenness. This is done by
applying an underlay of waterproof plaster of mortar
group III, preferably pure cement plaster. The tiles are
attached to the prepared backing with a thin bed of
hydraulic mortar in accordance with DIN 18156, Part 2.

When fixing the tiles directly on to the shotcrete with

a cement-based mortar, the back of the vitreous tiles
must first be powdered lightly with cement or coated
with cement-based grout.

Note:
To ensure swimming pool water of hygienic quality, the water is to be treated and disinfected in accordance
with DIN 19643-1 (treatment of water for swimming pools). To prevent fungal attack, the surfacing is to undergo
thorough cleaning once annually, replacing the entire filling of water.

32
 Technical aspects of application for swimming pools
Ceramic claddings

Floor and wall claddings in wet rooms

Tiles
Floor claddings which are classified as having a Thin-bed mortar
high exposure to moisture require waterproofing Bonded waterproofing
Sealing tape
and that the floors slope towards the drains. Ths
Edge protection bead
slope of the waterproofing layer corresponds to that Closed cell rope
of the finished tiling. For ceramic tiles a slope of 1 – Elastic joint sealer

2 % is usually sufficient. In showering rooms the

floor in the vicinity of the showers should slope at
a 3% gradient. Screed Bonded waterproofing

The waterproofing must extend over movement

joints. Permalastic sealing strips should be used for
this purpose. (Figure 1) Watertight concrete

Drains are to be integrated into the surface water-

Figure 1: Waterproofing on screed joint
proofing by means of a flange or gasket. (Figure 2)
Screed Glass fibre fabric collar

The level of the floor at the transition between wet Bonded waterproofing Reinforcing collar
Thin-bed mortar Polymer concrete collar
and dry rooms can be the same. The transition
Tiles
should, however, not lie within the splash area and
the rooms should be separated by a door. The floor inclined inclined

of the wet room should slope sufficiently towards

the drain. (Figure 3)

Pipes and tap fittings that penetrate wall claddings

are integrated into the surface waterproofing by
means of a press-on flange.

Figure 2: Waterproofing connection at drain

Dry area Wet area

Door leaf

Angle beads with

movement joints
Closed cell rope

Sealing tape

Bonded waterproofing

inclined

Figure 3: Transition between a wet and a dry room

33
Technical aspects of application for swimming pools
Ceramic claddings
Ceramic tiles on underfloor heating
Screeds on an insulating layer and heated screeds
should be reinforced. These screeds are to be divid-
ed into sections by section boundary joints: in
unheated screeds maximum 60 m2 in size with a
maximum edge length of 8 m and in heated screeds
maximum 40 m2 in size with a maximum edge
length of 6.5 m. Compact sections should be creat-
Movement in heated and unheated floating coverings
ed wherever possible. Structural joints should be
taken on in the same width and in the same location.
The screed sections should also be subdivided at
doorways and wall projections. The heating pipes
should not cross the section joints in heated screeds
where possible. If this should prove necessary,
300 mm long pipe sleeves should be used.
Heating conductor
Pipe sleeve
Bonded waterproofing
Sealing tape
Closed cell rope
Elastic joint sealant
Movement joint in heated claddings.
34