Pharmaceutical care

Submitted by
Muniba Iqbal
Submitted to
Dr.saira Azhar
 Pharmaceutical care
Definition
“Pharmaceutical care is the responsible provision of drug therapy for the
purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life.”
Pharmacist directly interacts with patient & doctor and takes Direct
responsibility of patient care
Components of pharmaceutical care

patient

physician pharmacist
 Components of pharmaceutical care

Follow-up
Developing a
Data Information Implementing and
Evaluation therapeutic the Plan
collection modifying the
Plan Plan
 1. Data collection
• interview the patient
• interview is used to systematically collect patient-specific subjective
information
• Record patient's thoughts or feelings and perceptions of his/her condition
or disease.
• past medical history, medication history, social history (including economic
situation), family history, and history of present illness
• information in the record is confidential
 2. Information Evaluation
• Identify medication related problems
• Asses medication behavior , adherence
• Evaluate Effectiveness, safety, affordability
• pharmacist records the conclusions of the evaluation
• discusses the conclusions with the patient
 3. Development a plan of care
• Formulate therapeutic plan
• Establish pt. specific parameters
• Educate patient on plan
• Review patients problem list
• minimize current or potential future health-related problems
 4. Implementing the Plan
• contacting other health providers to clarify or modify prescriptions
• educating the patient and/or caregiver about how to properly use all
necessary medications and related equipment
• pharmacist assures that supplies are received by the patient in a timely
fashion
• helping the patient overcome financial barriers or lifestyle barriers
 5. Monitoring and Modifying the
Plan/Assuring Positive Outcomes
• pharmacist regularly reviews subjective and objective monitoring parameters
• pharmacist and patient determine if modifications are needed
• pharmacist reviews ongoing progress and provides a report to the patient's other
healthcare providers
• pharmacist updates the patient's medical and/or pharmacy record
 Characteristics of pharmaceutical care
Achieving rational drug therapy
▪ patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs
▪ in doses that meet their own individual requirements
▪ for an adequate period of time
▪ at the lowest cost to patient and community
Development of Therapeutic relationship
▪ Interaction between the pharmacist and the patient
▪ relationship based upon caring, trust, open communication, cooperation, and
mutual decision
▪ Pharmacist uses all his/her professional knowledge and skills on the patient's
behalf
▪ patient agrees to supply personal information and preferences, and participate in
the therapeutic plan
Patient centeredness
Outcome meaurment
▪ Training on self monitoring
blood glucose
Blood pressure
▪ Clinical assessment
Body weight
Blood pressure
▪ Health related quality of life measurement
▪ Evaluation of patient satisfaction
 cost-effective health system
• pharmacists are central figures in decreasing healthcare expenditure through cost
savings on medicines and cost avoidance, e.g, switching from intravenous to oral
therapy where appropriate
• Pharmacist prevent medication errors, inappropriate prescribing
• Decrease in medication errors and inappropriate prescribing
 Maintenance of patient record
• A summary of the patient’s medication history on admission, including medication
allergies and their manifestations.
• Oral and written consultations provided to other health care professionals regarding
the patient’s drug therapy selection and management.
• Drug therapy-monitoring findings
• Drug-related patient education and counseling provided.
 References
• The Eight Principles of Patient-Centered Care by Picker
• WHO guidelines
• www.APhA.com
• American pharmacists association, Principles of Practice for Pharmaceutical Care
• Role of the pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs: current insights by Kieran
Dalton and Stephen Byrne
• ASHP Guidelines on Documenting Pharmaceutical Care in Patient Medical Records