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; 6 /65: ;\;
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5 5;;5 &;' 57<6
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6F5D &;' f[O

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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N/66 .66
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.U(6.N6 6 v
5< 6OHK5:5' #;(6;57 ;(6v &;' 686
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f 65: ;;; 6; 6"u6
f vA* #;;;6; 6"Av5@56

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


" M"!=KP

;56;6R f5 6>6


7<H4 Q6FAD ;(66;@7 6N6 fA6 f5 H)s*f #f55:6R u HCf N55' U96 fO f05 N6 •

9 / v*A #6jfR75: 5H4 6jA6 5H4 :3)A@6 vA* I;N5<N ;D; &;N6 I;N56;RN";; A-A~K6 vA* ;(66;@7 6N6 fA<v5f

.a5(6z ` 6A5N6 6;-O v6;N 6

#6/A;@N6 9 ;W93C6 v;6 6


;56 5(5*5* 9; fOA: fA@;2734 Q65- r f 34 H)7*; &; vH4 e ; 34 6 •

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N 67 &;' 6
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


  ) BA M"!=KT

5@O ;65' .;[O 6; V


;*5: 6"f5N6 9 B
y 6"v5Df 6f"5N66 #Vu6 f6
6 76 Vu6 3)6 7 •

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66 #6
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6 V[;6F })fF6

6 :AB7A< .f57*; fG5N65' f f65' 5-6 fA<N ;D f;=5766 #6j;5- H)7*; ;
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r
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6 5' f05-A~K6; ;N5; 5\5575' f
6F6 7 606 N6 5 f66
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76 NH4

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6 66 #ff~46
6;=576

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76 NH4 6 5: O6 f525N
 6 6
57< 5-;!5' Q
5 f5N 5 f O<656 VG;6 fA52NH46 y\u6. f0NH4 ;
nO ;)7*;

/O6 57@5575' .7\;57 :95< |5-6 N6 :AB7A@5' .y6


f VW6;6 })6F;
6";'6 #6";' f6F6
7B6 65 5-;!5'

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.y6
/6F; ;N6 6 6N6 })fF6
;
6"O s5D 566 ;
6"O ;66 56 V;=5< })fF6
;;' r6 N; r
6"5 56 5N5H4

#6/5: A,/N6 f0v 6


5' ;;' &;' r
6F6 ; 3)fFv
 66
6kf
76 NH4 6 6
H4 5-;!5' #;
6"O &;' $;-O 3)fFv
 H)67<HK5'

57@5575' .7\;57 :95< |5-6 6 :AB7A@5' .65: 65: fG;FN


65' r
6F6 ; ;;' &;' 66
6kf
76; 6W6F 6OA: H)66F5'

V ;
5< })fF6
5-;6 cV6N;6 ytN5D 6";NH4 &;'6 y(6;T6 y6
6F5D 6";' 6W6
N.5 r(6.N6
5; 5N6"57 O6

c/6"7; 66N H4 n5< 6


H4 N5 Q
6 &;5N H46 ;6
6FOD &;' &; 6 ;65' .6f ;<f V
5 ;N6 6 6N6 ;6
6FOD 6;

Q
6 &;5N HK/5' 56
6FOD &; 6 ;65' 6"7; &;6F6
7H4 vA* .V6N;6 VW6;6 V 65D6 yqfAD })6F;
6";'

#N/65 :95< .ABNH46


v6 &;6
;7HK5' 5(5NO &;6A7'v5 :AB7A< .V 65D6 yqfAD 6";' #3)6.7'H46 f6N H4 6&;

;N6 5; ;; fG5Nf5' 5\5'z 5{AN5 O6 f76 3)6N A5' ;(67-5:7; A,u 6 f V O-5:5' fA<N ;D n\5Df f5NH46
$;-O vH4

;
/6"O; ;;' ~)6N6 N56 ;)NO; f76 655' 6N
A@7 fO f6O6 })fF6
5' ff~46
Aq6 7Df f5NH46
$;-O6 .;(66;@7

./6u
 A;: ;
6"O &;' f5NH46
$;-O6 .A5eR ff"5' ; 7@O* &;' f5NH46
$;-O6 .;(66;@7 ;N6 5; ;; 3)672f

6
/O f ;<f $;-O6 .;[O f 9NHK5' f5N6 f6Nu6 .v ;N56 f;6
N; ;6
6FOD ;)NH4 &;' AtNOD6

.;W6 6"/nD f
6 5' f
v  ;0;-6 vH46 .6;;~Cf7 ;(v6 f
6 5B756 &;O 53+ f
v 6 .;
O f;R5 Vj;6

6j5- :9/5< .; 6 /v 3)/7*; &;<N5' 5-;!5' &;~46


ABN5'6
5' .6j6~46
NG5'N
5' #3);=5:; 5-66 3);
N;F 5H46

5B/N5H4 5B767:5/N ;/55' f7;7:5/N5 N5 V


ff 6j5 6&;@6 fO; :95< .&;;R76 ~)AN H4 &;66 :AB7A< .6jA;R76

._6j5;R76

._`ow #:
D 94 &' )<   #R=F : _


   6 M"!=LX

.N65 :A5< |
; 6 Nv 6jN5D NANH46
~)6 .;6 Nv ;jN5D 3)7*; f ;5: 6O6"6F &;'6 ... •

...N;";/6NHK; 6[O AE575 .fO 9; 6";5T; 6


N 5< f5N6 9 fOH4 6
N5Z #;6 Nv ;jN5D 3)7*; 6"O;!5' :H)5<

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_
;)/;6 &;' A(v; 7 ABf75 65: 6Af765' #;66 7 fW6 N;"N56 e 6f5' #AD6 5N ; 5< ;
O 6; 6fFf
765'

...`;W6.5@7 6; fO A„f


726 vA* #;)Nv

 : F <


M"!=LJ

:H)/5@5' I6
N 6 7 &;N6 I U(5N5 ;
65@7 5; 6
5T55' #6O66 ;N56  O6 u&;O 6 7; OA: •

56 f571A 9 NH4 NAN55N ;;!5' c;;6~Cf


&;' aH e6.A 9 #6
65@7 5-6 6N6
5 65: NA:v6
6N6
56 NA:O;

.bA67'5' 6";f
AZ H)N5<6 ;[NOD ;>AA H)N5< r6

%H ^  M"!=LK

6; &;s@5 " .; ;


71676 ;\;
7D67 6N6 5BN 66 65: 6$655 6N66 &;N6 N ;6 " •

.i 6
676 ;…7O*6 ;W67; 6$655 ~);7Z " .;[5v  6; f?6NH+ f NO* O@5f 65: 557



 _  M"!=LL

._e34 f76 56 65: 6G6F6


#7\f726 N56 7,A'N
6 N55' 5BN67 5-6 v…6 N6 •

/ %/' $  F &' G@' (  ' : )  W&F $- W*1 4 
 .)    :)  1

.`pwY_ak #$
 %' #
F  :
T .( "

.wmb # F ).'  #-+ : `

.: Df L:D :.3

.i`_ #
  ).'  # B< : b

.ipop #
1 *K  -  #B  : #wl` #
:  )@   #-+ : i

4+
`    M"!=LP

.`; ; 6 7 5,65 f


;:7 &;276 65: 6[O &;275 A(5; 67 •

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.a;W67 &;' f%7;7 f>676 65: 6>67 9; V 6 H4 ;(5; 67 H)NH4 f ;:6 9 •

.b6"fu5 fG6766 6"5*65 &;275 ;


;:75: A(5; 67 •


  "!=LR

;%7;7/5: AA:6 O6 cf


67H+ n);@56 6f
A*7:6 6[O v;!5' #f[O 6"eH4 # N6 vH4... •

N/6 NR6/6F566 N;";/;N f N; ~)67@675' ff5276 NH4 Q 6 H4 ;;' e


f.6 Q
NH4 NA:7; 6&;6 N65' #6O &;'
i
.N;";=;f

N;";/;N f N/; A67</5' #6n;@66 6f


A*7:66 f[O6 .&;6N66 m&;D;
5: f
67H+ •
w
.N;";=;f N6 fR66F56

37 "9) "!=LS

AB/7; f6N
66 6N6N
;' AH46
N A(6; 9; ;W6s 6; ~)f7:6 N56 V
;*5: ;)6Fu
 6; H)65: •
_
.6O ;
;=6 56 ; ;
O* ;)N.525: ;W6s 56 5(5D;=6 H)N.5' v;6 .66
N;

._mol #(,'
')   )<  #…  : _

._wap #(  ).'  #…  : `

._wbb #(  )4 :  *  #…  : a

._wi_ #, &2 (   #…  : b

.ai_m #"   < :    & )<  # < :5

.& % G. & :& .$J


 G. & :&D
: 6

.ai_w #"   < :    & )<  # < :7

F "
6 .7 "
 @ M"!=LT

;/6 ;)/;;S 6; A(6;


517 f 5-A 65: &;.N6 N6 U96F;
v6 A-+ ;0; 6; &;725 $;-O6 •

.`?N6 7

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  ) 
 M"!=LV

;N56F6
v / 6N6 6 #;O ;);6 &;' 6; ;6Ff7; fO 6v 6H4 r(6F6
6 5(H=; ;(O6F7 &;' v; •

.a(O6F7 A6NH4 fO;!5' 6[N6 N


;27 f0AHKN5' 6O fA7HK6 5-;!5' c;?N
H+6 ;W6v 6N6 65:

'a 2 

a . M"!=LW

f
f 6 65: f
f 65' #;
O &;' ff57<H4 A\;6 755' ;
O &;' 5@7f5' ;(66;@7 6N6 ;)fFv
; fW6Ff •

/5f
f~K5 5B/7A: 6[N/5H4 |6jA~K/5D /6 #fA' N$H4 :6AA@65' ;N56 ;
O 3)NH4 fG;5NF65' #f06 6
; f
6; 7

.b;6 ;
5:7f7 ;6 NA:6"7H46 #;; 96 ;Ef
N67; NA:f
f AB7A: :H)5< |;
5:7f7 ;6 56"756 ;Ef
N67;

. :
 H[ .% M"!=PX

fG6N55' #;?N
H+ &;' fA:6 ;
NH+; If6517 f5676 I ;567 &;' A,v 6 55 A(5:;=67 •

.m(6;-5: 5(H=; 6"66 6f ;R65' #A6


f
5@7 e
5@A 65: ;;5:7 ;A-34 &;' i6e
A@55' 5(6;5:7 f;6OD

.a_io # - * 


.  #W+ ,  4 :1

.`_ob #= \ 4 (
@ ?   4 ]4
  #< : `

.`ip_ # F BF


 #
 "F : a

.al`w #
 (2  #\ W  : b

<   #ooY__k #
  ."2  5 -4 &' : j 
 :J
@ .".' :
@' 5

.albi #0 F [ (2  #\ W  : m



b
H M"!=PJ

cN;";6; 6G6 f66;6 N;";6 6G6 f56 NA:f 6 H4 f


;@N 6 Q6 NH4 f5 v;!5' fN6 … •

/5; f
/5T7f #;(v;v
 6; fN"v A\f
N6 65: ;u  6; 6A<f
N6 #Nf"6;<6
5 fR;6Ff 9 6N
A@7 6fW6
7@6

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6f6– ;u;.5 5; f
5T7f vA* #VWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 65' `; ;'6;
5; f
5T7f vA* #VWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 5' _; ;N5

.b6v 6 5,N


527 5\66 N 5< cVWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 5' a0; ;-5-A< 5; f
5T7f vA* #VWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 5' Iff N ;<

(
/  /D  # k
 ' ) '   $- "    "<
 JD"
i
".W&D  F  \ 9 &
 @ F


;)N5< ;
N5 N; 6AA@6 ;N H+ fW6"52f ;5NH+ A,6 N H4 ;6vR ;
; &;' VN5< fkf
766 •

/65NHK5' #;(/v;v
 6/; fN"v A\f
N6 65: ;u  6; 6A<f
N6 #Nf6
;F56 Nf"A6; fR;6Ff 9 #;(v;
67

.m(66;@7 6N6 Nf"555< N6; Q


NFH4 N;";75< &;' v;!5' #NfAA7<5' NffA;@5

#Nf6
;F/56 fR;/6Ff 9 Q76
;O 6 5;: 6A76 VN5< 5-6 ;ˆ;.~=;. N; fkf
76 fO; •

.w;(v;v
 6; fN"v A\f
N6 65: ;u  6; 6A<f
N6

.p f5* H)75< Nf"O5A7<+ Nf"A7:6


N H4 N;=5 •

."   :) 1

.) )  \' :  :E


 2

.a`iYwk #$
 %' #
F  :&' ,  - B: &
T ." (D
& #-< GF :--@ 3

.aab_ #S &'  (  # < : b

.a`iYwk #$
 %' #
F  5

.mb_p #  k


 )<  # 
 ( : m

.bllb #     &4  & ,  #$R1 : w

.bllb #     &4  & ,  #$R1 : p



D    M"!=PK

N6 6j;v34 N; ~);N H4 #f v6 f  :3)5@f5' ..u 6


 &;v34 u 6
 &;v34 u 6
 &;v34… •

6/; 6j/;5- ]6/; 6;' ;[O fW5:6


AD Nf6 #;(O6F7 ; 6NH4 N; ;6NH+ ; 67 6; N;"N56 6 6; 9

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


5(/O:6 6N/6 65: ;(O6F7 ;G;
66 N; ;N66
N;7 6N6 6 v; #;0; 6; &;725 $;-O6 :H)5< vA* .; 6NH+

._]6
Nf6 5(O:6 6N6 65: NH4 #6
6N; 6

 : O   [ M"!=PL

9; VWN&5D ;67;S 6; 6[N5 .3)7@67 ABf76 65: 6Af765' #QW6 ;W6v 6; fO 3);R7f vA* •

.`(66;@7 6N6 A\757 f O:6


f f7;6 #; 5O- f NF6 6f6 cQ ; 6 Q7T6 9; 5N6


&   " 3
 M"!=PP

&' .W6v &;' 6 5:N5:7 6N6W6


55 65: ;(O6F7 &;' 5E6
A17 6N6W6
565 ;(O6F7 H)NH4 v; •

.au&;N
5176 u&;<N
OD ;\A'3+ &;' 6 ;
517 6 5:N5:7 6N6W6
5 65: :(

 @7 O  . M"!=PR

&/;716 ;/5
6 N6F ;N66 5< ;Y67H4 56 })fF6
;(66;@7 6N6 Q5-6 ;
O ;)NH4 66NH4 v; •

.ifA@NA@76 b)
3 6FN
;7 &;716 65: fAZ6; 6f"7;

.baba #(8 G   (


-)  #
@
2 : _

.biib #(F'4 K'


 &' t2  ) #
@
2 : `

.mlw_ #
 (F (2  #\<
 : a

#$
/ %' #
F  :
T .[   : W ' L [4
 \J. W :@@ #[  
< :)F
 4

.`ibY_ak

.mlww #
 (F (2  #\<
 : i


 G7 7 M"!=PS

6
6"O ff6 $;-O5: NH4 #;O ;);6 &;' ; ;6Ff75: ;;:N;76 ;(56N
H+ 56 &;v •

._)NO fA@66

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit



7 "A . M"!=PT

.`);6N; ; 56 N; U(65<6


5\5NH4 N65: 65: Q
7D6 H)5< N6 •

:@ .

# M"!=PV

.a 6H+ 6; e
;25 65: ;A-NF67 6; v
;'6 .6
526 96 5(66 96 56
6; 96 ]6N 6 9 •

c
 M"!=PW

6
51/; 6jN
/n A;/5@A O6 6 #f
6OD ff"A6; QN5< A;5@A O6 A(6v fA@5 9 •

;[/O ;
/N5 N; 6f ;F56 .A(5<6
7f7 e6F67 ff"6fFf vHK5: c;EA3+ 5E7A- ;0fFf7 6
Nf ;fNH+

.;N;S &;' Nff


6; ;(v;;6F7 &;' Nff
6; f; 66 f[O6 .;;' 6G5@6 O6 ;
NH+ 5-6"; U(6;6
5: Nfv 5DH4

.b;66 ;;NH4 3)7*; f5 6A:6 NH4 N; ;N5; e 6 H4 &;6


6 NH+ V66R NA:; 6 H4 56 v6;~K656

.iibw #(
+  &  # + : _

 9 / 9 )< ) :  < #


 $
 0
-: .io`i #)" ).'  #B  : `

/ / [/24 (/


4 \4 : : #B

D
 < W&D ):   #    j  # j
D 9 0 

. illY_`k #$
 %' #
F  :
T .   &' ( 4 F
4 -: (.)

.<
  #-F  #  : a

.aa`` #S &'  B   # < : b



4
! %H M"!=RX

; 66R H)7*; 7B55: N;6 f0655 7BOf #rv


6 5(H=; rN6 &;' ;0; N6 ;6 ;O 66 Nf H)5< N6 •

._;
N 67

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


\'` +
\
d,@+ 8-@D M"*!+=RJ

.`Bu676 u&6 7 3)5*6 fv6


f
A:7-6 9 $;-O6 fv6
f
A:7-6 $;-O 3)5*6 •


    
A M"!=RK

.aj;5- 3)7*; f
O6 #;;N5 ;j6
;D N; NA:; 6 H4 5; f 6
7<H4 A(O6F7 •

O  M"!=RL

i b
. U(5; 6
6";' f ;F5 f 5:5 9 ;(H=;7 c;);;S5: f[O 6O; •

 : 6
 M"!=RP

f56RNA NA:f 6 H4 3K527:6 65: ;0; 6; f


v6F7 63CO25:56 U6 ; 6 U6RNA ;(66;@7 6N6 f?N
H+ fA:5 •

._(O6F7 ;)NH+ U9fRA ;


52v &;'

.io`m #% ).'  #B  : _

.io`p #)F R 
:- ).'  #B  : `

.mllw #: 4 
<4 (F  #\<
 : a

-: # @9 )" = : 4 &1 :


 % $- + # :
 % ( 
) (= &' F 9 : b

% / 8
D $
 %' #
F  :
T .F  @'
 K (  %  [  (= &' F 9

._aiY_ak #$


.ml_w #(+ G'


 #\<
 : i

"e72 M"!=RR

:AB7A< .Nf"66;6 6;;Nf7 5(666F f6R75 :H)5< |6j;5- &;5:6


N H4 N; &;f
f~K5 65' :AB7A<… •

O6 r6
6F5D ;)NHK; v?65 NH4 N56 #6"OA: 5\6
;27 6j7; ~);R5N5' :H)5< |V6; 96 y(666F Nf"5 NA:6 N5 N;!5'

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


.`j;5- 56 5B7H46 ABN67 6j5:;
N f

    O
M"!=RS

.a(6;6R f6~46
vHK5: &;D66 V N6 NA:N56 H);NAN ;;6 f;H46 f6N •

:+D  M"++=RT

:H)/5@5' #N;";N66 &;N6 N; )


} fF6
6k6
5 Nf"A7'6
6 5-; O6 #y6
NfR 5-; V;=5< 5H4 5N6… •

f;;
/6N H4 56 6j6 N6 e 5N
 ff"O; :H)5< |Nf"A~K5D 66 :AB7A< .;O6 #
O 5; :H)5< |6NH4 :AB7A@5' .vA6

H)5< |6NH4 :AB7A< .vA6 :H)5@5' #N;";N66 &;N6 N; })fF6


6k6
5 #Nf"A7'6
6 5-; O6 #y6
NfR 5-; vA* .]6
5@N"5@7

fYA76 f06
34 5' #]6
5@N"5@7 f;;
6N H4 56 6j6 N6 e 5N
 ff"O; :H)5< |Nf"A~K5D 6 :AB7A< .;O6 #;
O 5;

.i6O b)
; 66 3)7*; 9; Nf"7;

.mlao #?
+  ?@  #\<
 : _

.mliw #(F :  -


+ E:  #\<
 : `

.mi` #  (  #-+ :mmlo #‹ ( G  #: + : a

)66" + #)@ 9 " f0f ;


6 9 4 : #M)J.  \f #)f 9 
f 9  )66" :& )<)) 4

.alpY_ak #$
 %' #
F  :
T .((0
Z  ( )< )S &'
.mloo #?  &'  #\<
 : i

f6 M"!=RV

u&;O 5; f6575' #f05v;5* 7B65<65' ;;5' N; f06 6 6>6R55' r)fF6
6 6 v?6 UfF6
vH4… •

._j5 5(6; 9 3)N 527 e?66 65: f05H4 NA:f 6 H4 e?66 :H)5@5' #6O66 ;N56  

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


!|`3)N 527 f6.7@6 65: H)5< 6"f6.7@5 6j;' &;' f66N; f>6 65'H4 •

.;
 . M"!=RW

c6N
/A@7 f
;:7-5N6 .6&uA ~)6 #BN5:6 5BN5: 5(6 AB;5 H)A@6 NH4 N;; 6 H+ 6 6[~=; •
a
.;6O 6; ;)6Fu
 ;
f f N; u525 e 5DH4 fO;!5'

b
.6";A@f &;' ;);;S 6; u525 e 5DH4 6f"5 ;0; 6; &;725 $;-O65' 6N
A@7 f 665 •

' ' . U M"!=SX

#f7; QF;
5 
; 667 &;' ƒ5 O56 #Qv6
f ƒ5 6O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O O5 •

f/67;S 5-/6 :H)5<6 .667 &;' $;-O ;;;6F N; ;667 &;' $;-O 5-6 5; Q
51; U5A O56

f
51/u A/5A7 ;0;-/66 ./A6H4 Vk;
/5 6f $;-O 5-66 .;; 56 H4 N 5< NH4 #;; y; f fA6FH4 5-66
i
.5-6 f5D6"5 5-6 f0HK57H4 N;6 5-6 f5D6"5 5-6 f0HK57H4 N;!5' cf?6
NH+

.mapb #0* B<' F


? - #B  _

.`_li #R1 &'


F+  #
FS : `

.bmbb #0  
@
:-  #
@ )=.' :3

.bmbi #0  
@
:-  #
@ )=.' :4

.ioap # )+ &'  #\<


 :5


  6
 M"!=SJ

_
.d&;@5 ;(6N
A@5: 6W6
726 6W6.N6 r?N
H4 56 ;(66;@7 6N6 f[O f
5DN f •

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Q
H : B 
 . ) c
   "!=SK

;6
NOD5: NH4 ;# 6NH+ ;
NO* ; 7;F &;' ;W6.N67 ;6
NOD5: 9; ;jN
sD ;)NH4 &;' NA7H4 6 •
`
.
6N H+ ;
NO* ; 7;F &;' ;W6 Nv

.mlbl #?
+  ?@  #\<
 :1

.mlbw #
D  E:  #\<
 :2

8
H  Z  ) 4
3   "!

  !' - #()*6) (T2  &9


 (* #)*6 (:    (*

&/' 
= )*+ &  .& 9 ()*) E
 .  \ 9 <  0


All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


:*4 (
 $
 % 

_
.;57 e 5H+ ;O 5; ;)6Fu
 f?51NH4 ._

#y(/6;66 A(/67:; 76 r/66 f6;S .QAA< f67H46 U6 ;=7'H4 n\6
H4 Nf ..;667 3)NH4 NA:5H4 .`
`
.;5517 ;)NH4 &;' f
5<676 A(5;:v6 #;);;S ; 6 NH4 &;' fW6A76 f
75276

&/;' 56Nv  &;~K6 ;Of N6 65:6 :$


 H)5< a.6"5 NA;f 5-; 56Nv  ;0;-6 f;FH4 .a

.V;=6 6f6 ;[N


f7 ;
N5Z6 ;[N
f7

b
.f5 N%67675' f05H4 NA:f 6 H4 6%675N 5-; .b

#N u
5*f 96 6N ;NF675' 7B56R N; vA* #N u
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65D N; r)N6 ; N56 6"N;675' 5(5*;O* ;B56R N; vA*

5' 6"; NA7H46 r?N


HK; 6G5<6 5-;6 #N56 f6 7@5 5' r?N
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6
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.bwp_ #[
 &' &  (F  #8: :3

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.maab #2 9 BR - (+ 


* 9  #   :5

.i`pp # &'


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A/5< |v&;<u 6f NA7A:H4 NA:N56 6
;1A NH4 f ;
A $; 67; UN5 vH4 NA:AN
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.r ; 5D r 5-6 N$6 6 6N6 NA:5 V
;-5 &s;!5' H)5< U<N ; 9; 6jN56 5Nv
6F 6 N65

b a
. });6 6O 5 6 rWN&5D n)A: 9H4 c`r ;5 A(6;5: f
;OD 6"55< r(6;5: A\6 NH4 .p

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


6/6O f
u56 #5(6;@NH+ A:NH46 #6 6NH+ A@s5Z6 #NAN 5<6
5-; 6%;667 3=;27H4 .o
i
.;N56 ff.f
N5 r f; N56 # 6
OD6

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.3)f5 N6; ~46 N6 .572e ; 67 6; V
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5 6 ;(5<6 v 3)6.7'H4 ._l

&/;' 5-6 NA: ; 56 &;' 5-6 NA:;N6 ;(6N


f 5: #NA:56NH46 NA:6W6; NA:N56 6v
6 6O v; 9H4 .__

9 #f
AT7 IfA:6 N6 NH4 – NA:5N6 .U*5* #N 6"7D vf"O :H)5< .N65 :A5< |AB71O6 ~)6 9H4 ..5-6 NA:;
N"5D
w
.r?N6 6 5<;
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N.6 Q
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5

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.A6
;z 556 7e  ff"5 6A:5 NH4 6.N
5 6H4 ._`

.baow #
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D
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2 :1

(/F W
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/. / ...( 
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2F  j  (
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2  F W
D E
D4   #S j
4  
.   

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4  (=

.9
 S  B  &F4 &K  -  

.almI`o_Y_ik #&Z+ #&"2+ :


T

._a_Y #$
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 a

.aiia #(F 4  # < :4

.i_oa #WS (1  #(


D+ :5

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.bli_ #>  (F  #$R1 : w



#f /A<N
H46 &s/6346 #f
/;7'346 ffH4 &s;:5 #5 NA:5@7H46 ;O; NA:5D7H+ &s; ;O6 6H4 ._a
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.&s; 6[N55' &;Of N6 6 ;Z6
N65' cW6s fkv6R5H46

a
.f;57 e 5H+ ;O 5; ;)6Fu
 6?51NH4 v; ._b

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


b
.6;S 6; 6W66 7 v; ._i

A;5/N6 f
;DNH46 f;
5<6 f u 65' f655Z 9; V 6 H4 6u  v 5Df N56 V
Nf 6u  v; ._m
i
.(6F7e  6; rWN&5D6 ;(6 Nv
6 ;6N 517;

;B/6 N/; ;56 6f"O;:56 #;66 ; 96 r 6 H4 ;BN6; ;52;76 9 6


65@76 6[NOD v; ._w
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5-;!5' #O

w
.;v  ]6
NF6 ;67;S 6; $;
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p
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7D67 6N6 v; 6 6NH4 ;
O &;' 6"; n);R6 ..6";' fv656 6 ;(6;5:7; fO5:565 6 N67 v; ._o

]H46
 6O66 ;N56 O  & < ._.&;515 f6725 5-6 ; ;-N5 N6 6O v; .`l

.;N5N 6N6 ]6 6"f  (:  6&;DN6 NH4 6


5-5 UN5D

.bia` #jFR4 B.


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@
2 :1

.bmwi #8: &' Z


  #8: :2

.``ww #( J 4 )   )<  # 1 T :3

.imia #W   # + :4

.ap #
    #S : i

.opb #[D E: &'   #(F6

.alao #0 F [ (2  #\ W  :7

.ioom # T2  #\<


 :8

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.6;6H4 6jv5D6 .Q.N6 ff.N6 e AD6 ;67f75: ;;~Cf7; 6;~Cf7 v; .`_

;?N/5@; 6/7; 7 f?;/7@6 N;:56 # 6;7 6; ff;R576 Q6R;7 67;7 f?;7@6 9 6O v; .``

n/6.5' r/7; ;
/N51; N57'HK/5' A;=f5' cU9v"fF QfWf
f[O 5-5O Q;6 ;\Nf N5 5-; O6 c;W65f7

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


a
.n6.H46

:,  \ & ' b .sA: ;


NH+ &;' 5\7'u
 e ; f 6O v; .`a

7B/55< .NA:N5
6 fv :A5@5' #6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O ;)f6
56 ; f"67 6; yN6
H)56

UN"6 :O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6


H)5@5' :7B55< .A(5NO6 fv fA:N566 :B7A@5' #6"AN;"525' :(5D;=6

H)/5< |A/5< 6 NG6N5 N56H4 #O H)f6


 :AB7A@5' .sA: ;
NH+ &;' 5\7'u
 e ; f 6O v; #A(5D;=6 
5
.A:N566 :AB7A< N 5< :O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6

/v55' r#N5f &;6 ;B5<6 6 56 ;(v;53+ 6N H)6N5N 6O66 ;N56 O O6 v&;O vH4 .`b

.&/; 7B6; N34 y(v; 6 ;0;-66 NA:5 $;-O 5-6 :H)5< #666 6 6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O ;)f6
5; 6W6F

6jAv; /6 6j6;~K5 O6 6ju34 ;BN66 6j;H4 ;BN6 &;' 5BN56F 6"5' :6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6
H)5@5'

#;/N56 57*H46 6O 6 ;6 6 6[O 6 555' #O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6
65< vA* |U<; 6 5B7A: N;

NA:5 5-6 3)A@65' NA:f 6 H4 &;~K65' fO &;L96 v; r


f34 56 NA:7; U96F;
3);N5NH4 &s;!5' f N6 vH4 :H)5< vA*

._wa` #(:  &D


-   #…  :1

.bio #G;6H+ ;j;7D5 6 # : `

.op # ?@f E:  # :3

.iimi #:
+ &' \'
  # + :4

& !' - ..  B W % (  0-" "4  : " 4  .B   5

/. # :  :<  "  4 . & #@' : "F! 4 < 6O6 ;N 3  O

.    "4   " B 4



;O65' |U<; 6 65: N; fAv; 6 f6;~K5 O6 ;u34 ;BN66 ;;H4 ;BN6 &;' 6[56F 6"5' #&; 7B6; N34 y(v; 6 ;0;-66

})fF6
6O 6W6F 6 v5';
NP5' 9H4 .;(66;@7 6N6 fA;N 6 6O 6W6F 9; ;s@6 ;
N51; ‡=N5D 6"7; NA:f 6 H4 A-A~K6 9

~)/6 9H4 .;/N5N; 6?66 ABNH46


O6 ;N6 6 6G5'6
vA* f
6N5 r5D NH4 V
6A 6"5 r6
5@6; NH4 VW5Zf
f5 r
;6;

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


_
|B71O6

;GN/65: VGN6 vf"O :H)5< #Q


6N ; ;[O 6; ]H46
v5 6O66 ;N56 O O6 v&;O v; .`i

/5; Nff 6 H4 6
AT766 ..5E6;F76 5(5N676 6 AfF7 A5:H4 O6 rWN&5D O)A: 7Bv6 y(56 Nf"75-5HK5' .5Eff
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.>fF7 6; 65e  ]6
65' ;W6v

a
.5\5NH4 N6; 6W967 v; .`m

b
.U<7H4 NA:A;6 H4 NA:6
6; v; .`w

i
.QW6.5< NA:A6N H4 NA:6
N5 v; .`p

e&;O H)5@5' .Q


N5 })fF6
;N56 57*HK5' 6O66 ;N56 O O6 u&;O 6 7; 6
;:A- UfF6
vH4 .`o

9 /Q ; 6 N:A f /6 H4 6/5: N; IQ


6
; fAA@6 Ij;; 6 5\Af 5BN55< 6j6 N6 :6O66 ;N56 O O6
m
.Q 6 H4 ;O 56 &s:6Rf 96 #O ff;6 6 #6j;5-5: fOH4 ]6
f 65: N; 5-5:6 5-5: f ;N H4 :~)A@675' H#(56 6

.mmip # S (   #: + :1

.oi` #& W  #(F : `

.bam #
  W
D G
:-  # :3

.iiwi #\   # + :4

.``_i #)S ?
@  #?
@9 :5

.iml_ #8  &' 0


:   # + :6

V86
5/Nf6 V%;
5/Nf H)5@5' r6R5;F; ;N56 v
f 6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O H)f6
vH4 .al

7e  ; 65 N; f%;


5N6 f;~Cf7 f N67 H)5< 3|7; f86
5Nf76 f%;
5Nf7 6 ;O H)f6
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_
. 6v 6 f
6FOD6 f ;76 f 6;7 f7; f%;
5N6 f
;F527 f N676 .;O ;(6N 6
5; 65-H46

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


`
.NF6; ;W93C66 rNF6; ;W93C6 &;~K6 $;-O ;N6"NF67 A- ;[O v
5D v; .a_

a
.0u
5D 6W5@s f[O f5:6
5 N6 ;(66;@7 6N6 U(5;R76 ;O 6 7; ;[O v
5D v; .a`

b
.(5:6
6 ;
f v &;' v .aa

i
.U71AD ;v &;' v; .ab

m
.[6
5276 ;H4N
676 ;
v  &;25' #WN&5D &;' f~CnD 65: N; .ai

w
.X6f r)6FHK; f06 7; Œ)A:6 5NH4 6 f56 5-5H4 6 ;O; v; .am

p
.N 67 ; ;6HK5: 6 ;6H4 ;;=6"67 ;0;-6"; v; .aw

o
.B~=;D 6 NG5N5' ;%5N5 N5 5-; :53+ ;vfn ;5: N; f[O 6j6
N H4 v; v; .ap

.mla_ #B B
:  #\<
 :1

.mmba # W*  0


:   #: + :2

.iiw` #D 2 9 D ' & :   # + :3

._wpo #
  (:
  # :4

.__`b # &' :   "   #(F :5

.bwlb #4
 CD  @Lf   #8:6

._`lb #(4 W: ? B -) & )<  #R=F :7

.`alp #1 (<  #(:


D :8

.imii #5B~=;D 6 NG5N5' %5N5 N5 5-;  # + :9



f/676 5E/N5:6 #;O H)f6
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;=65:7 ;
67:H4 N; v; .ao
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.v34 e f66 f06H4 e f65' #;)fFv
 6H4 3)fFv
 e f6 :H)5< ;|N6 ;6 3)fFv


`
.Q
N ;5 ;667 6; v; .bl

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


a
.U(67:; ;
NsD 6; v; .b_

b
.QW6.5< NA:56N H4 NA:;
N5 N; v; .b`

H)/5< |f/v 66 3:B7A< .;v 6; 9; rW6 s)A: N; VW52;D 6W6 Nv 5(v6 7 ;0;-6 v; .ba
i
.BN67

m
.‡=N5D 6f"5N6 6kv
5'6 #5Nf76 ;(6vv; 6
5DH46 .5-5:6 ;(O6F7 &;' ;;67 3);'5:6 5H4 .bb

p
.jN56 fO 6&;f5' w&;A 96 #;jN56 fO 6&;N f5' &;N A 96 &;@;27H4 .bi

N/5 6j/O;6 .6[O 6A2O25:56 U(56 Nf6


5-5 NH4 N; V
N5 6W6;7ZH4 6j55*6
6 6
5-5 NH4 6jO; .bm
_
.6j;H46
N &;' &;' 3)6NF5 6 O6 #6"; 5BN
;F34 9; ;O 6NF6 6"; &;15N5 U(5@525 5\;27A

.ii_m #  )F


  9  # + : 1

.bwbo #(  #8: : 2

.imwo #
D  RF   # + : 3

.`_b_ #  W.< &' (:  #(: : 4

.i`ii #W  (   #  : 5

.bpo` #  #\ : 6

 / #aboY _ik #


/  :
T .j<R
\. N$RFA #;j v%5Df' &J D &F 9 :,   7

.&

.`bl` #"FR
1 4
 (  #(" : 8

`
.y(v;;6F 6j;' }Cf
N 6jO; .bw

a
.6j;H46
N &;' 5; 6"f5'N
5 &;O A(67@n O6 y(5<6 6 6"O;!5' r(5@525 N; 5B7@527H4 6N"6 6jO; .bp

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


b
.Eff f ; 66 vA:O; .bo

;;/f6
6 ;/O 5; fA6
NF; 7B55: N65' ]65 6 r†;
N9 6O;6 ;(vs; 3)6NH+ 6O; .il

6 5; fA6


NF"; 5' #6"fFv6R56 rH46
N ;H4 6"f;f 7f 5; fA6
NF; 7B55: N66 #;f6
6 ;O 5; fA6
NF;"5'
i
.N5; 6
6F6

m
.6";;65; 3)6NH+ 6O; .i_

f/5 v;!5' #)6 66 ;O ]67@5; 6


6H4 N;!5' #;; 5@Of6 ;;=6
6 N; 3)55@f y(OfF f6;S 6O; .i`
w
.f7; ;N56 v;!5' #0;
N51; H)5< N;6 #Q
NFH4 6j;5-;

p
.(66F67 6; A(66.v
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o
.53+ ;(6N v 6 7; f
Nv 6O; .ib

._`_a #  B ( O  O O6 & W*


 #R=F : _

.iiol #   "   # + : 2

.`iaw #
 WZ4 *
 j
 4  # : 3

.a_a` #(;;=v; yB6 ;;67;6 5Eff &;' 65: N 5@5 ) 565 ;O ;)N5< 6 #W+ ,  4 : b

.m_oi #N+ &' (  #


- + : 5

.ml_` # )+  #\<


 : 6

.`waw # @ 9 W


  )@  #
 "F : 7

.`bia # +   "D  #B "D : 8

._`_o #_`la #
@ 
R  #R=F : o

_
.f5'N
5' 6G5'6
5-;6 f5:N
5' 6G5:6
5-;!5' ;; v5~Cf; f6;S H);fF 6O; .ii

`
.
667 ;)NFH4 N; f5-~=;N9 H);fF 6O; .im

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


H)5<6 r(6.f6 6856F ;O 6 7; f;R6 9 ;(66;@7 6N6 f;v f;T67 3)fFv
 &;~K65 fO; .iw
a
. UNR6 ;(66;@7 6N6 Nf"5 f;@A 5' fW6
7<

b
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75@7 ;G;<665: NA:;ff H); ;5;27 6G;<66 ]6
+ &s; .ip

i
.Nf"5Af O\ADH4 96 #;[O ; AA< N6 6 A@7H4 NH4 N
634 N5 &s; .io

m
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w
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;7:5Nf rTv6F )Af n)A: ;
O 3)NH4 .m_

p
.r5D; N56 N;NH4 .m`

o
.;B5<f
n 56 6[AfF76 NA:v; .ma

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.;,; 6 7 f 5-7:H4 vOT v;!5' cvOT6 NA:v; .mb

.__ml # &' 


DS  #(F : _

.iw`` #
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.baml #("
BŽ 
2: - j=4)<  #
@
2 : 3

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.bllb #     &4  & ,  #$R1 : i

.biwa #(\  S \) <  #


@
2 : 6

.biaw #(R j-  )) <  #


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2 : 7

.bmpb #..+ )F
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.``pi #"' [F


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6 5 6;A~C 5-;6 #5E57H4 6 66 5-;6 # 5-5: 5,v 6 5-; :y,5* ;\;'5f7 A(6 .mi

e 6 H4 fA6 9; V 6 H4 O; 6 ;O H)f6


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6 3)6 NA:eH4 .mm
a
.
OH4 6 ;;*;
6 3)66 #v 5< 6 f56 v;!5' :H)5< .N5;

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


b
.Nf"7; ;N5@7 ;B734 fN .mw

i
.V 6F; ;O 6N66 f5N6 6[N5 fO;!5' c;A7T67 56N6 ;\O .mp

m
.(6u5 r(6;5:;5' N ;F5 N5 N;!5' #r6
N5 s\;D; N56 6
O A@O .mo

w
.Q
fA< 6A-;O5 96 #NA:;6 N; NA:;ff &;' A6F .wl

&;H+ 6O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O 65< .py(6;6R f6~46


vHK5: d&;D66 ; N56 NG;H46 NG6N .w_

.d
5-

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vHK5: &;D66 V N6 NA:N56 H);NAN ;;6 f;H46 f6N .w`

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6F~CA f527D .wa

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.f5 5\;A 6; V
v6f Œ)A:5' #A6N .wb

a
.5E557 6"7; 6
5:55 66 #5E55~= 6"7; 5E6
65 65' cy6 O6Ff V AfF f86N
H+ .wi

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


i
.5-5:6 H)5< N6 9; 6n5<H+ ff b
6 f
5*7:H+ .wm

m
.)N57 &;65 &;' A(5:6
67 .ww

/655: N;6 6;";N6 &;' 6f"5 6j;


f 5v66 5<6 6 N;!5' #5<v
5256 N5 6 ;
6;7; ;6u67 .wp
w
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6 ;7B5@ f 65-5:6

f/N 3); 5E5-5<  6O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O 55< p.6j;
N"5T &;'  6 NH4 5(5u67 .wo

.6W6N 6 ;N ;j;


5D; 6O66 ;N56 O O6 u&;O 6 7; f5H46
N 5(v634

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.>55N 6 f0v f
675' NA:f 6 H4 6 6W5*5 5-;!5' c;5NOD 6; f 3C5*O .pl

_l
.;;5@6; n\6 H4 f
6F7 .p_

._ab` #(<   ?


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.bimp #]
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@
2 : 2

. F F 8


+  #W+ ,  4 : 3

.(@  & :<+ .94 


*:+ & :
*:+ 4

.iwow #j  j F4   #-=9 : 5

.`mao #
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.bawp # - " 4


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2 : 8

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.(5:6
67; y(5@; Nf ;(67u; y(5@s25f AE;6 7 .p`

6/; })/fF6
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.ABN67 fN6 7 :H)5< |6N6 7 5BNH46


5'H4 ;O H)f6
 :;
67H+

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


a
.;W67; 6f ;
NHK5' #6O6"6F ;%N5' N; vf 7 .pb

b
.
N5; 9; &;~K6 9 fW66 7 .pi

i
.u3+ ;(5;R76; A(557 .pm

m
.(66;@7 ;N6 5; f
N57 6";65 &;' V A@N6 3)N57 .pw

w
.A(6 ;O fu  .pp

p
.f66 fNH4 6
;f 6OHK5: ;
N67 A6 fAA25 $;-O .po

o
.fAN55< 6"655< N66 #A766 6"566 N65' }c(5NF;D f; v
 .ol

._obi #(B<  &


 
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 )F
  9  #8: : 2

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.`il_ #' %  - : E:  #% : 5

.`map #
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 "F : 6

.A(6 ;O fu  6O66 ;N56 O O6 u&;O ;)N5< 6 #S : 7

.i_o #
 '  *  # B< : 8

.iial #
 ( \R
 &'     # + : 9

;;=/v H)NO ;;=5@7 ;H4 #;O ;);6 &;' ; ;6Ff75: ;;:N;76 ;(56N
H+ 56 &;v .o_
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.
6"O

;;"NF6 N; f56 N"5 6.5< 5-;!5' #f6656 f6N5 NA:6 6 H4 fG5N6 c; 5-67 6; y(67;< f
52v .o`

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


`
.;NH4 5; ~)uF6f75'

a
.u v
; y6.N
6 ;527; y6
6"76 fj6u .oa

b
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.y(5<6 6 A(6uO A(6;5:7 .oo

.boab #)+  (@2 ).'  #B@2 : 1

.illo #
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.[ 
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6N5 7B6;
5 f
67:H4 fO ._l_

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5<~ H)56 v 6O6 ;N 3  O &

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b
.Eff &;;5: 6;; N;"N56 6"76NF vf"O ._l`

i
.
;z AN6 9; 5N6 9 vf"O ._la

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.v 6 H4 N6 6G6 fWN
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67 ._lw

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2 k
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.aip #-2 &' )@   # : a

.iwa` #  (  # + : 4

.ioab #
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 : 5

.boba #4
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.f76 fO 6"5 6 6
6F6 N6 f
;F6"f76 .;0; 66 ;;6; N; 6f;Nf7 6;6 N6 f;Nf7 ._lp

a
.;N;S &;' Nff
6; ;(v;;6F7 &;' Nff
6; cf; 66 f[O ._lo

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


b
.f
6F6 7 ;
;67;6 #;6
;27; f 567 .__l

i
.;N56 6v f7 56 f;67 .___

6/5: 5-; f0f


/f7H4 #;/O H)f6
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H)5@5' .QA7T6 NH4 Q;5T 6j5H4 N
f7 .__`
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.0f
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f7H4 5EN5: Q;5T 65: 5-; 5BNH46
5'H4 #QA7T6

})fF6
65<  O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6
5< . ; 6 N; Q55 N56 N
AT7 .__a

6O/66 ;N56 O O6 &  "2 ?


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.=D j )F
 - :  #& " ~)@  N4 

6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O H)f6


ABNH46
:$
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.6"N;S &;5 &;O6 5Nf7; 5-5:6 ;N66N;!; H)5<

.bwpm #W G 
   #8: : 1

.o #       #S : `

.aa`` #S &'  B   # < : a

._o_` #B"JD
2  #> : 4

.b_pw #  " 
D -   #
@
2 : 5

.mbap #  )F


   #0
:S : 6

.biii #
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@
2 : 7

Q /u65f v&56 6 5-5: N66 6k6
6 96 H);=6
N; &;6 N6 A*u 6 6 U(6 N56 &s6 A1s6 .__i
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.;
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v/A* 6 ;
/5D5' 6";' H)6R55' Q
~=; 6 6F65' A567 ;N56 v 57D r\;
5; &;DN6 })fF6
65N6 .__m

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3)7*; ;567 
6 ; 6 75:7 5-6 5{56 N 5@5 :3)fFv
 H)5@5' .567 6; ]6
O* 3)A:~K cA,6"76 V 75: 5-;!5' #k6
5

.f/5 6
/52515' f5 fO 6
5:5D5' #6 75:7 5@65' #;;2; f5:6NH4 vA* #fO2A HP5' 6
~=;7 H)6R55' .&; 5{56 65: $;-O
`
.
NFH4 r(676
r ;5: ;B5- s)A: &;' #N65 :H)5@5' |Q
NFH4 ;;=6"67 &;' 55 v;6 ;O H)f6
 :A5<

5/Nf N5 N;6 #6&;.6


6&;N34 N; c(6;576 ;(52;5@76 ;6N
u 6 ;
5u  f N6 6[;5 .__w
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6 N5

7B/6;
5 ;u  ;B5-; N
527T5' #6";; ;6 6";66F6 6";66 ;6 6";6; rcG6N
H+ AH4N
67 f%5:7A .__p
b
.6j6 6

.Nf"Au5@A 65' |66Nu 6Au5@A :)5@5' #6O66 ;N56 O O6 u&;O 5; &;6
NH4 6W6F .__o
i
|(6N v
 6j;75< N; fO 6>6R5 NH4 6j5 fj;NH46H4 :O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O H)5@5'

5(65';
6 7; AB7A: :7B55@5' #6O66 ;N56   v&;O u&;T6
A@7 5(6';
AH46
N ;B6W6F ._`l

6; ;
AH4 :H)5@5' .; NO* ;(6N f 3)7*; f66 6O; ..;
;vR 6N ;6N v
6 N6 ABNFv6R55' &;<5 OB6HK5' &;5@O55'
_
.;j55N6f 5\A-66 f55N6f &;<A-5 O6 9 !5(65';
5; &;;FN
5 NH4

.a`l` #)=
 & 
:A-   #W+ ,  4 : 1

.iiil #=" [ (


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.ioii #) ('  @   #\<


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.bwll #  &' W27:+  #8: : 4

.iiao #@  (


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.;0;
5:67; A(O6F7 ;B6;Ff 6 #;B66"OD; f
O ;B6;Ff ._`_

a
.f6O66 6N
A@7 6O65 N6 NA:f
N5 ._``

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


ff56 H)NO fA@5 6jOH4 N
6734 N5H4 H)5@5' 6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6
v&56 H)56 ._`a

6j/N56 6j;N6; v;6 .ƒ@6 6jN56 6j; 66F; v;!5' cN


;7'H46 Nf6 N56 NA< c)6725 5' H)5< .56 AB7A< |
6"O
b
.ƒ@6 6jN56 6j;FN6R; v;6 .ƒ@6 6jN56 6j;
N6R; v;6 .ƒ@6

cN;";6/; 6G/6 f66;6 N;";6 6G6 f56 NA:f 6 H4 f


;@N 6 Q6 NH4 f5 v;!5' fN6 ._`b

/5; f
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N6 65: ;u  6; 6A<f
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5 fR;6Ff 9 6N
A@7 6fW6
7@6

6/f6– ;u;.5 5; f


5T7f vA* #VWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 65' ;;'6;
5; f
5T7f vA* #VWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 5' ;;N5

.i6v 6 5,N


527 5\66 N 5< cVWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 5' ;0;-5-A< 5; f
5T7f vA* #VWN&5D ;;' f 6Ff 5' Iff N ;<

/O O6 v&;O 5H4 UfF6


vH4 ,   m.U95@6 s\6 7 ; ; 6; v;!5' #f0f6 ._`i

v;!5' f0f6 :6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6


H)5@5' #f6 NH4 ;; v6"5' ..5T57ZHK5' #f06.5@56 6O66 ;N56

:H)5@5' .;s; N; H)5*NH4 9; ;O H)f6


 :A5< .;s; H)7*; ƒ; f0ANH4 :H)5< vA* .95@6 s\6 7 ; ; 6;

.QW6.5< NA:56N H4 NA:;


N5 N; v;!5' #0ANH4

w
.;N5A-34 &;' f5NOD H)6 })fF6
6j5- ._`m

.`pim #j<
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.mllm #B"D
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.bmao # 
@   :
  #
@ )=.' : 3

.immo #E. \  # + : 4

.aab_ #S &'  (  # < : i

.`_b_ #  W.< &' (:  #(: : 6

.alal #0 F [ (2  #\ W  : 7



_
.6
;z &;' r(6;
6 7e  &;' r(6;5: v f
._`w

`
.6
665' 5-6 N; 6
5*7:HK; 6$;-34 N 5@5 6f 56 ;O A(6N 6
._`p

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


:&; H)5< vA* #&;5NHK5' fA7HK6 vA* #&;5NHK5' 6O66 ;N56   ;O H)f6
AB7HK6 ._`o

r[725 ;E6
7D;!; f05-5H4 N66 ;;' f5 6j;
f r[725 ;656; f05-5H4 N65' V7f V
;.5 H)67 5-6 v; f;:6 
a
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6f N5

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72A: fA5;<6 y\fA' ;;Nf7 f 6; ._al

&/;' HK5D5  5D6 #})N 6 V6; :fn;T 9; O);T 9 6N6 ;s;T &;' 565 fO ff"n;Tf y(6N6 ._a_

#;/N56 /5<v
5256 ;N56 665NF ;O &;' v6 5 ;fF6
6 #; ;F667 &;' y\O6f ff75< })fF6
6 #;O ;6 6;

/6527HK5' r(5<6 6; 5\v 65 })fF6


6 #6O AE5H4 &s; :H)5@5' #r)66F6 r ;76 AB5- yH46
N f766 })fF6
6
i
.05N6 7B6.525' ;5 6O 6
5:5- })fF6
6 #fA;6 A\;27A 6 fA6;D 65N5 9 O6

:H)5<H #;(6 N ;7 &;' ;;


7f6 r)fF6
56 &;7*f UfF6
6O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O 6G;6 ._a`
m
.)fFv
 6
N"5T NAN55< NH4 NA7:5NH4

56Nv / 6j6


5 N66 #W6
5@A27 fj6
7f6 fW6;7ZH+ 6"5 6N f c(6;67 f65 ;6O e
5D ._aa
_
.f5f6
6 6O 66 N 5@5'

.__` #) (T   # : 1

.aool #E= RZ  #$R1 : 2

.`ibi #((  )  < )K &'  # : a

.bm #   4  C E  #S : 4

._aab # (<   #:R : i

.imll #8  &' 0


:   # + : 6

&;:5/7D6 )F
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 <`.6j;H4 f76 6 5-5:6 fO 5\6 6 ._ab

.) ] F   
:- F
 )T )F
 - : #)  E , #76  04

a
.(66N
H+ &;'5: ;(5*O* f656 #(5*O* &;'5: ;N57*9 f65 ._ai

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


b
.n65 O6 n)66 9 6O v;!5' #)6NH+ 6; 6A@;A 6 NA:N56 ._am

f/75-5H4 ;&N/v &;' ;6 7B6 6F6 5-; &;@N5 6"6N 5* f AN 5 N 5< ;&Nv 6; yH46
N 5-;!5' ._aw

&;' 66 56 U(6 ;


5 ;0;-6 6N6
AH4 :6O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O 55 H)5@5' ...766.N
H46 6";76; f75@67HK5'
i
.6; 56; ;0;-6 N; ;0; 6;; f6 N
H4 fO5 :)5@5' .f6 6
75 9 NH4 56 f
; 7@5 6&;6 #9 :57A< |
O

)
) H)5< |6"A66.; 5EN5: :(3)=)H)5< .5(6v ;
;T575' A(56H+ ;B6uf. 5-;!5' ._ap
m
.(6v ;
;T575' ;;NH4 ;
N5Z 5; f
NH+ 6 uf 5-; :(O  O O6

&;5NO'6/5 v55' N;";' ABNf 6 Q ;"5D N;"N56 AB7A:6 f%;v f N67 H)5< 65: 3)A<HK5' ._ao
p w
. f;:6 7 fR;R67 ;;N5< 5;

NA:;
N"5D &;' 5-6 NA:;N6 ;(6N
f 5: NA:6.6
NH46 NA:56NH46 NA:6W6; NA:N56 6v
6 6O v;!5' ._bl
_
.5-6 NA:; 56 &;' 5-6

.bwwo #
   @'   j
   #8: : 1

.i`i` #) W   #  : 2

.bowa #*9 &2:    #(+ : 3

._lpa #  &'  D  0


:   #(F : 4

.iibl #@  (


 # + : 5

.iw # )=   # : m

.__w : = 
 w

.a_ll #( 


  -)   )<  #W+ ,  4 : 8

5\6
/6 5-;6 #0/A:6
5 AE;
OD f;";' 5\6
6 5-; A5: Nf"OH4 :NA:5N5< 6[O 6j5NH4 6O;!5' ._b_

AB/N55@5 7B5<6
6 r v6 f 5B7; 5(6;5' vH4 N5 ;0; 6; r v6 f f[725 $;-O6 .J 6 7 ;N56 f5<H4 AE;v. f;";'
`
.66 6

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


;/O 3)f6
H)5@5' #;);v 6G75< A:7D6 f
5z6 5(5N67 A:7D6 6ff 6 H4 ;fF6
f06W6F5' ._b`

5(/O:6 5; f
;7 6kf
75 O6 });5< 9; 6jN56 &;~K6 9 fO;!5' #;);v fG75< vH4 :6O66 ;N56 O O6

#f/7; 6"A67@6 N6 f ;F6 9 ;;5<6 6; NA:f 6 H4 5EA6 O6 fA@5 9 5(6v v;!5' #A(5N67 vH46 .r
;25 ;
N51;

N/5H4 :f/5 v5A@65 vA* #f5 f;FN


5f V6fFN
5 96 V 6F; f5N66 f5N6 6[N5 ;O ;$6 6 6N6 NA:f 6 H4 v52;@65 vA*

5' ;;;6 N6 f


AT765' .56 :v5A@655' |U9f6
6jN5; ~);N
34 N5H4 :v5A@65 vA* .56 :v5A@655' |U96 6j;34

N5 N;!5' #r6


N5 s\;D; N56 6
O fA:f 6 H4 v6;@O675' #6
O 9; ]6
6 5' ;;6;D N6 f
AT76 vA* 6
O 9; ]6
6
a
.(6u5 r(6;5:;5' N ;F6

.r /; 6 N/; Q55 96 #;O H)f6


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vA* 3)F
 - 6 65-5' ._ba

f5N;5 N; |j;


6R;!; fG5N5 6 H:O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6
H)5@5' .fA2N; 6"55' $;
6R; 5-6 N;:56

#65< vA* ff;NF6 H)5 O6 3)fFv


 6[56F5' .VWN&5D 6jN56 NA:6 N5 f76;5 N;6 #VWN&5D f7; 6"N56 NA:6 N5

6/; 6j/66 5-/6 :H)5< #6W6F v55' #6&;f 5' ;; 6


6HK5' #Qs6f 6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6
f06
5'

|6j/;75< ;
N"5T N6 vf3C6
7@5H4 :H)5< I6v 6I 5-5: A6
f6 5-5: A6
f6 5-5: A6
f &;6 :H)5< |N
A@7
b
.;N
A@7 6; 6j66 6; 6"5:A7:O6 N 5@5' #N 67- :H)5< .N65 :H)5<

.iipa #<  <


 9  # + : 1

.aomi #%2 4 (:     & @  #$R1 : 2

._a`b #
 )< (<   #:R : a

.bmb` # <
"T  W
@  #
@ )=.' : 4

;/O 3)/f6
H)5@5' #fO 9; 65; 9 f
67:H4 fO f
67:H4 fO :;
;7:O; Nf"56NH4 f5'6
5' ._bb

Q;/6 6fN 5 NA:O; Q;=5Z 96 v6H4 6fN 5 9 NA:O; cNA:;A27H4 56 _f6N
 :6O66 ;N56 O O6
`
.NA:66 6f6 Q;
5<

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


;/O 3)f6
;N5; 6
5T55' .Q 6 H4 Nf"7; AB7v5< 6 ; 567 6; U6
5D6 &; v; :f>6
7<H+ H)5@5' ._bi
a
.6 N
f 9 f6 N
6 9 N6 :H)5< vA* #6O66 ;N56 O O6

O/6 ;O 3)f6


f5 H)5@5' .; A'f76 ; ;7; 6"; ~)v6F5 ;0;-6 NG5N ;O H)f6
 H)5@5' ._bm
b
.f5 5\5 9 N6 f[6; ;0;-6 6O; :6O66 ;N56 O

i
.;6O f
Nf 6j5 6A:6 NH4 N; 6j5 V
N5 Q ; 6 UfF6
6j; fO 6$; N"6 + ;O65' ._bw

m
.; 6
A17; ; 6
A17 6; ;; f67DH4 Nf"5 ;O65' ._bp

/ ; /6";F7 &;' f55-~K5N )F


 6O66 ;N56 O O6 J&;O < w. ;6F5' 6;";' ._bo

.J 6 ;6

p
6j66 3);
N;F6 Nf"fFN :((T
< ) 6v6 ; 6O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O H)5< ._il

.bp`Y_`k #$
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F  :
T .:24  "FA 9 @'
 :
 1

.appa #
 RZ  #$R1 : 2

.iiap #@  (


 # + : 3

.pom #  &'  #(F : b

.ap #
 RZ  #$R1 : 5

.iaww #
. *  #8: : 6

.`wp` #+ -! "F  #


 "F : 7

.ap_b # R +      & G;F


  #$R1 : 8

H)5@5' r%52Nf 6
N5Z ;ENv; fAN6
6.5 &;H46
N 6G6 UfF6
ABNH46
N5 56 6f fN f N6 H)5< ._i_
_
.&s; f
67ZH4 fO6 #f7; f
67ZH4 + |r N6 ;6
N5Z N; 6f6FN5H4 6O66 ;N56 O O6 e&;O

?;
65 IU-;– 6j6 6; v; :H)5< ;.N55@; $; 6; 5BN 5 AB766F ;O H)f6
 :H)5< ._i`

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


`
.j;6 6; 5BN 5 f 6NH+6 f?6NH+ AN57 65: NH4

#N/65 :)/5< |6"76 v…f HK5'H4 #v…f 5 NH4 H)N5< 7B565' #v…f 5 NH4 7B6
5-5 &u34 v; :B55< ._ia

#5 $;-O 6O f.7< :)5@5' .N65 :7B55< 3|56;.5< ;B7A:H4 VN6 ;ju34 56 65: N5 ;BNH46
H4 .6"76 &uFf
a
.W5'67; n\6 H4 6O v;!5'

:H)5< |;5N57 6fH4 ( ; 6NH+ ;N57 6; f?6NH+ AN57 ) 6 ;O H)f6
 :AB7A< ._ib
b
.
6"O f?666 ;)NO f 66 6f ~)6 #9 :H)5< vA* ;.N5N57 5BN
6NH4 N; 525@7 f?;
65 6jO;

6f6 ;;NH4 5


6 r>6
3)fFv
6 #})3=N6 6f6 r>6
f6;S5' c)3=N6 NA:nA:6 r>6
NA:nA: ._ii

#})3=N6 6f6 ;0; u6 ;)6 56 r>6


f N676 #y(53=N6 6&;6 6";FN6R ;BN6 56 y(6;6
AH4N
676 #})3=N6
i
.})3=N6 NA:nA:6 r>6
NA:nA:5' 9H4

m
.r);6 f
;6 NH4 V ;
5Z 6jOHK5: 7e  &;' NA: ._im

_
.H);< N 5<6 5EN5: ._iw

.<
  #;6
N517 6 #8: : 1

.b_bo #(
D :) <  #
@
2 : 2

.mww_ #v r)K  4 JD   #9 : 3

.b_il #(
D :) <  #
@
2 : 4

.bwpo #
 :4 :24 <  #8: : 5

.ioaw #);6 f
;6 NH4 V ;
5Z 6jOHK5: 7e  &;' NA:  #\<
 : 6

`
.Q
N;D Hˆ;5N6 NH4 N; f5 V
N5 Q N5< NA:; 6 H4 AEN6F Hˆ;5N6 + ._ip

/AA:5 NH4 9; Nf"6/6H4 /6 NA:6;f NH4 Nf"6A27H4 f55T 6;-O 6;:66 AAN 5 9 ._io
a
.;:6

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


;
/N5Z N; 6"5;34 N;6 #6"N5; 5B7;:f r(5HKN6 N6 6"5;34 N; 6jO;!5' c56
6;S ;)HKN5 9 ._ml
b
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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96 ;/N6 6 6N6 v5<fRN6 5' 5\6R6 5-;6 .; 75:75: ;N66
;- 7fN6 96 #; fFe &;' A; 5N •

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6 ;6N 517;

#/O ;B6 N; ;56 6f"O;:56 #;66 ; 96 r 6 H4 ;BN6; ;52;76 9 6


65@76 6[NOD v; •

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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.n65' 6fANH46
5-;!5'

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NF6 ;67;S 6; $;
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5-5 UN5D

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6; v; •

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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


a
.NF6; ;W93C66 rNF6; ;W93C6 &;~K6 $;-O ;N6"NF67 A- ;[O v
5D v; •

b
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N H4 v; v; •

3)fFv
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;=65:7 ;
67:H4 N; v; •
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.QW6.5< NA:56N H4 NA:;
N5 N; v; •

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


b
.U(67:; ;
NsD 6; v; •

;E6
7D;!; f05-5H4 N66 #;;' f5 6j;
f r[725 ;656; f05-5H4 N65' cV7f V
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f 5: NA:6.6
NH46 NA:56NH46 NA:6W6; NA:N56 6v
6 6O v;!5' •
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.5-6 NA:; 56 &;'

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


f/f56 H)/NO fA@5 6jOH4 N
6734 N5H4 H)5@5' 6O66 ;N56 O O6 ;O 3)f6
v&56 H)56 •

6j/N56 6j;N6; v;6 .ƒ@6 6jN56 6j; 66F; v;!5' cN


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634 N5 &s; •

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5-5 NH4 N; V
N5 6W6;7ZH4 6j55*6
6 6
5-5 NH4 6jO; •
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N &;' &;' 3)6NF5 6 O6 #6"; 5BN
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The Prophetical Proverbs in Saheeh AL-Bokhari
Linguistic and Syntatic Study

by
Hani Taher Mohammad Husein

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Supervised by
Prof. Yahya Abd AL_Raoof Jabr

ABSTRACT
This research represents a Linguistic and Syntatic Study for the The
Prophetical Proverbs in Saheeh AL-Bokhari. The Proverbs were discussed
according to terms and the meaning. They were divided into two parts. The
first was comparative, and the second was the currently used Proverbs, that
are used by people. There were 237 Proverbs and 80 comparative Proverbs
in Saheeh AL-Bokhari.
The study proved that Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him)
rarely used to say the proverbs said by the previous people.
The authers cared much of the currently used proverbs and proverbs
found in The Holy Quran. But their care of the Prophetical Proverbs was
little..
Also the study takes into consideration the differerent currently used
linguistic styles in proverbs, such as backward and forward, elemination,
increasing, conditioning, emphasising, enquiring , making an oath, and
detailed exponentiation.

The research is a linguistic and syntatic Study, specialised in


prophetical proverbs in Saheeh AL-Bokhari. The results were put at the
end of research.
All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit
An-Najah National University
Faculty of Graduate Studies

The Prophetical Proverbs in


Saheeh AL-Bokhari
Linguistic and Syntatic Study

by
Hani Taher Mohammad Husein

Supervised by
Prof. Yahya Abd AL_Raoof Jabr

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master


of Arts in Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Graduate Studies, at An-
Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

2004


    


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