Digital Image Processing: National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

National University of Sciences and
Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
(SEECS)
Digital Image Processing
Khawar Khurshid 1
Introduction
Khawar Khurshid 2
Schedule
• Class Hours
– Tuesday 9:00am - 11:00am

– Wednesday 10:00am - 11:00am
• Office Hours
– Tuesday 12:00pm - 1:00pm

or By Email
• TAs
– TBD
• Attendance
- Minimum 75% to take the final exam.
Khawar Khurshid 3
Distribution - Tentative
• OHTs - 30-35%
• Assignment, Quizzes, Project - 25-30%
• Final - 40%
Khawar Khurshid 4
Books
Khawar Khurshid 5
Outline (Subject to Modifications)
• Image Fundamentals
• Sampling, Quantization, Interpolation
• Intensity Corrections
• Morphological Operations
• Transforms
• Restoration
• Compression
• Segmentation
• Image Analysis
• Feature Detection and Analysis
• Biomedical Imaging
• Pattern Classification
Khawar Khurshid 6
DIP Community
• Conferences
– ACM - Siggraph, Siggraph Asia
– IEEE - International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
– IEEE - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
– IEEE – International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)
• Journals
– IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
– IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– Specific Journals
• IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
• IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Khawar Khurshid 7
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Representation
Acquisition & Description
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Processing Compression
Khawar Khurshid 8
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 9
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 10
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 11
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 12
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 13
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 14
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 15
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 16
Key Elements in DIP
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Colour Image Image

Khawar Khurshid 17
Applications
Of
Image Processing
Khawar Khurshid 18
Contrast Enhancement
Khawar Khurshid 19
Image Sharpening
Khawar Khurshid 20
Color Enhancement
Khawar Khurshid 21
Area Classification
Khawar Khurshid 22
Geographic Information System
 Manipulation of Satellite Imagery
 Terrain Classification
 Weather Imaging
Khawar Khurshid 23
Digital Elevation Model
Khawar Khurshid 24
Image Segmentation
Khawar Khurshid 25
Industrial Automation
Khawar Khurshid 26
Medical Imaging
Khawar Khurshid 27
Face Detection
Khawar Khurshid 28
Face Tracking
Khawar Khurshid 29
Morphing
Khawar Khurshid 30
Morphing
Khawar Khurshid 31
Sign Language/Gesture Recognition
British Sign Language Alphabet

Khawar Khurshid 32
Lip Reading
Khawar Khurshid 33
Emotion Classification
 Implicit customer feedback
Khawar Khurshid 34
Biometrics
 Physiological Biometrics
 Face, IRIS, DNA, Finger Prints
 Behavioral Biometrics
 Typing Rhythm, Handwriting, Gait
Khawar Khurshid 35
Text Recognition
Khawar Khurshid 36
Automated Mail Sorting
Khawar Khurshid 37
Content Based Video Retrieval
Khawar Khurshid 38
Common Operations on Images
Khawar Khurshid 39
Khawar Khurshid 40
Khawar Khurshid 41
Introduction
• An image is a 2-dimensional function fxy where x and y

are the spatial coordinates, and fxy is the intensity of
the image at that point.
• A digital image is the representation of a continuous

image f(x,y) by a 2-d array of discrete samples. The
amplitude of each sample is quantized to be
represented by a finite number of bits.
• Each element of the 2D array of samples is called a

pixel (for ‘picture element’)
– Color Images have 3 values per pixel.
– Monochromatic Images have 1 value per pixel.
Khawar Khurshid 42
Types of Images
– Binary
– Gray Scale
– Color
– Indexed
Khawar Khurshid 43
Image Storage Requirements
Khawar Khurshid 44
Intensity Resolution
Khawar Khurshid 45
Intensity Resolution
Khawar Khurshid 46
Khawar Khurshid 47
RGB -> Gray -> Binary
B = im2bw(G, level);
Level = 0.1
I = imread(‘rain.jpg’) I -> 480x720x3

Level = 0.3
Level = 0.5
Khawar Khurshid
G = rgb2gray(I); 48
R-G-B Color Components
G = I;
G(:,:,1) = 0;
G(:,:,3) = 0;
Khawar Khurshid 49
R-G-B Color Components
RGB -> RBG
I(:,:,2) = B(:,:,3);
I(:,:,3) = G(:,:,2);
Khawar Khurshid 50
Resolution
• How many samples and gray levels are required for a

good approximation?
• Quality of an image depends on number of pixels and

number of gray-levels.
• The more these parameters are increased, the closer

the sampled/quantized array approximates the original
image.
• But storage and processing requirements increase

rapidly as a function of N, M, and k.
Khawar Khurshid 51
Resolution
Depends on what is in the image and what you would like

to do with it.
The picture on the right is fine for counting the number of cars,
but not for reading the number plate.
Khawar Khurshid 52
End
Introduction
Khawar Khurshid 53

Digital Image Processing: National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

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National University of Sciences and

Digital Image Processing

– Tuesday 9:00am - 11:00am

– Tuesday 12:00pm - 1:00pm

• Assignment, Quizzes, Project - 25-30%

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

Colour Image Image

 Manipulation of Satellite Imagery

British Sign Language Alphabet

 Implicit customer feedback

• An image is a 2-dimensional function fxy where x and y

• A digital image is the representation of a continuous

• Each element of the 2D array of samples is called a

I = imread(‘rain.jpg’) I -> 480x720x3

RGB -> RBG

• How many samples and gray levels are required for a

• Quality of an image depends on number of pixels and

• The more these parameters are increased, the closer

• But storage and processing requirements increase

Depends on what is in the image and what you would like

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