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    16 views24 pages

    Introduction To Sustainability

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    nabihmezher

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 24
    The Integrated j Bung Design Pri ‘The good news is we know what todo. The good news i we have everthing, we need now to respond ta the challenge of global warming. We have all the technologies we nee move are being ‘developed. Andaz they become. aellble ane become more affordable when produced in scale, they will make iteasier to respond. But we should rot wai we cannot wat we must not wa “Al Gove, farmer vice present of the United Stats, addressing the National Siera Club Convention, 9 September 2005, What Is the Process of Integrated Building Design? Insgrated building design isthe practice of designing sustainably. Green design and integrated buldng desig should be thought of as equialnt terms, Not 30 fong.ago, the tr "geen design” was seen nly in quotation marks, causing the meaning to seam inf and of quesionalble vil; Taday, green, oF talnable design fea wellesablsned design-and-bald model with a proven histoy-—and integrated design is 55 natural evolutionary form. An inteated building Is 3 sreen bulking Integrated design isthe overarching theme that gow: em energy, resources, and environmental quality deci- fone. These decisions and shategiee wil be olive in this chaplor and given invdopth treatment inthe chapters thatfolow, ‘With integrated design, i ip necesary to consider ‘design variables a8 2 unified whole and use them 38 problem-solving tool. Ae architecture and design stu ents, you are learing to be problem solves, which Should” prompe you © imagine and anticipate the patenial implications of even the most benign design fecision, Learning imeyated design will solfy these skill and improve 2 proicency every achietial stu sen shud hae beng specie tice sm "More than maiesveam design, the inegated design proc- es requires intense balance—and a path of pricier to produce a successful green builing. The process works because ‘here is communiesion among team mem ber, and because each team designer as a thorough tndartanding of sch tammate’s design challenges and responses, ‘Because every design decision produce a cascade of rmuliple effects rather than an isolated impact, succes [il etegraed design requires 2 necessary understanding ‘ofthe interelstionsip ofeach material system, and spa Tal element Figure 11). requires al players to think holistically about the projec ther than focus solely on an individual pa. The Process The proces of working cllaboatvely in sto 38 tam member on a student design project of any stipe mimics the elit of profesional practice. itean be applied to a ‘graphic desigs problem, such as a branding exercise the ‘evelopment of 2 masterplan, and even the cretion of Tand-use policy or neighborhood developmen. Becaure of this i benoit lara the process of Intgatd daign fom the bogoning of ona reich ‘education, There no setiptor the perfect megrated design ‘races, ut thee are several levels of decion making Pa ‘must ke place st hea of conceptual design ail the pornd mer os ths ds vio ict ve ean tying arian climate or daca tay, with emer public com tases we ae sig fenced wg sd test n ‘Re ajeee The barging enna movenet S“bepinaing fo aes he gl emergency and trait be sen tab. global care oe have the Mptne copay to strobes (he abject fh hange wil be dcissedns ater chapter *) Grassroots Movements “the backbone ofthe his breaks, the plains below willbe submerged” -Slogancthe Choke Moverent (pe ofthe visionary and often quoted writes for those in the ervronmentl tnoverant Is Paul Hawken. His book Naturt Capel: Ceatng the Next Icstal Revol (0970)? coauthored with Amory Lovins and L. Murr Lovins, 3 teatise on an innovative rode of anew "UT RETRA and Nik als, owe Gt Entenneta Change ‘Gus w Besar haa a and Ge (revclanang tee ig, ono to ew oa fea Lng ove, Asta! Capt, economy in which envkenmental caring capac i ‘earings tea nema wak and equ eng intigh sions and coleges cess many decpines. tn Pal Haven’ Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement nthe Wot Care int Being ae! Why No {ne Sa Coming 2007)" the auhor chronicles how the ervranental maverent states. He descibes 9 Imovement tat began onthe twin paths of sail ad trvienmenal juice, hich are nw converting ine {"colecve pth Tat enviromental sulnlty and social justice cant be separates is one of Hawhen's perceptive conclusions. “he plop ol bling sutainaly fan impocan component of ths conering movement To understand the curentmavement and te evolution of geen bul ing iti fist mocesry to tice the Deplonings of ene ronmental thinking onary to general bli, the envronmental move iment was not Bore exclusively inthe Vicoran worl though activin eg. the Lode’ loom saboge in England in TEI? a6 rspense to lose of employmen through te advent of the made laon—was know tn hen gue 2). Ea pollion iw were enacted it'Rome and China, wile fora and inca were aware Of the no for sl preeration® The United Kingsom Ssblihed 3 pallton conta gency trough the All Abi site rat ome 45 Figure 22 Alantcape tanned bylge sl nda Figure 2-3 Th rude remit isnt tone he dnc upper mecarned aden indy en echo. inves the Latte movement wos abet poner senosy ates rose oy fade le dal Revlon 16. fancier of veyed Den x St ‘Act in 1863 to urge conto on hydeogen chloride gas emission by the alll industry ‘One of most moving expressions of these early con- semsation eft came in India in the 1730s, when 3 ‘group ed by Amita Devi, 2 matiarch of the Bish, 3 Find sect from the Rajasthan region in northwest Inia known fr its eres deceation © protecting the enviton- ment and belie im the sacred nature of nee, thwarted the maharaja of lodhpurs efforts to harvest wees from the region for construction purposes. Although accounts vary itis clear thay one by one, villagers went to their deals {they encicled the wees inthe face ofthe maharajs treefellng rev. Amrita Devi i said to have utered if 4 tye saved even atthe cost of one's hea, its worth ivr as she was cue down (gute 2-8). Blore the lion ‘was called of, 362 people ofall ages lest their nes. As 4 response fo the waged trees were subsequenly pro- tected by royal decree Tis early Hindu protest formed the origi of lala’s Chiko Movement of the 1970s and gave rz tothe tm tree hugger. As with the Bish, the Chipko Movement was spearheaded by women who were against lasing Figure 2-4 Paope of he Chiplo Moment onbrice as, nee etn she ‘asl Gre rice Tins on Ae 1, 2006. {or corporate interests and who, again, encircled ees wid ther bodes To protec thm. Accompanying ‘esstnee 10 the govenments logging patie, mem ters ofthe movement alo potsed agar the limita tons on te harvesting thot hat eave been placa on tha own paemof ing ad sustenance, "he enonmel alent stl ean and was pogeite fthe econ branch of env terme Tr the Chipko Movemang, we see pall ith Mohan K. Gandh'snonvolet prot maods Hes ‘win esi and erviormenaliey—cortepord in spt and bathe exesons of the win pas Hanten deserts namely te meng of scl and eo lagi heres coferinis laminas include soch notable women as Wangar ata! re), who reeled the Nobel Face ize in 200 or implementing bath a Kye a interatonal Green Bot Movement a widespend Wee plang elt to prevent eosin and restore ess. Again this movement wae propeled and inpemented by women whose pats of work and ile were int Figure 2-5 Dr Wingie Most under cl th Gran Bah Moveetand wine lhe 208 Nebel aon rae EB cr gy ty ce SS a mle Oot T_ cately hound with the lager health oftheir environment and revolved around symbols of life and protection, including he woe ‘Many such indigenous grosstoots_envionmental acions tok place Internationally. But noice that these tly activists were members of smal communities whose work was defined by challenges posed by tei egal ‘eewaphy and heavy-handed polis Yet in todays nar. fowr chvonices af environmental history, the stvies of theze indigenous peoples are conspicvounly absent In Noah America, as in counties acoss the word, many indigenous peoples were defined by ther respect for aatre and sacred esteom for natural elements that foxmed tir surroundings. They understood the need to balance the interelatigrship between thle communitys need or sustenance andthe respersiilty to honer thee ‘pirtul practices as embodied In nature. They viewed ‘themselves as 2 pat of the inetd cycle of nature and Tif, acknowledging the fusion of her ancestors with ele- tment af the natural word Because of the divers fom of sustenance and patterns of living, in these cultures, even these early approaches toward the environment varied. Some societies pote thet envionment, hough never more than the Exopoan population once it gained 2 foothold in the New World® ‘One ofthe winnes of the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2007 was Sophia Rabiausks, member ofthe Popla River Fst Nation in Canada, ho became an sctvt in the presention through sustainable feesy afte boron her ein a secs example of ‘ewvironmental active ona socal juice scale ‘The Industrial Revolution ‘One might say thatthe infastrucure crested by the Industrial Revlution ofthe nineteenth century resembles such steamship [The Tari] It pow- ered by fos fuels, nuclear reactors, and chemicals. Ri pouring waste nt the wate and smoke lt the shy Its attempting to work by its own rues, contrary te those ofthe natural world. And although it may eeminvincbl, its fundamental design laws presage ddsaster The Next Indust! Revalitin” Wiliam MeDencugh ‘tnd Michel Braungart An, October 1998, "et ot roe rte eee eas Semper ahs loos naermemlenens 47 ‘Any discussion of environmental contiousness begins ‘with the variously ‘dated indusvial Revolution, in all is phases and regional incarnations." At ity core, the Indosal Revolution caused the international tanstion ffom an agiultial, lancibasedl society that encaps JatedSmallscale rural community and sefsustenance to an industria-based, fest paced society. This was largely faoeles and impoverished whan carmunty in which ‘women and children formed a key element ofthe wor force. Living and working. conditions during this time of transtion were appalling, as were the environmental fffect of hs huge change. With the advantage of hind Sight es possible to understand both the histeical costs And benef ofthe revaluation contrbution tothe gow ‘ef medern cts; new technologies fr commerce, tad, Sand manviacturing, and eventually improved public feats. ‘With the Indust Revolution the stage was set fr ‘emergent socal cont that were inexriesbly Tinced © 2 parallel environmental impact across many continents fnd for an extended period of time. The Romantic a poets and novelists were noteworthy fr thet fisthand ‘Observations ofthe revolution and is social and environ- ‘mental implications. "As a ceaction to the Industial Revolution, Mary ‘Wollsonecraft shelley (1797-1851) wrote of the pee lis of sciance and machinery in Frankenstein: Cr, The Madero Prometheus (1818), whose subitle refers to the mythical figure who broug fire to humankind and wo symbolizes human creativity and daring Figure 26) In the end, both Prometheus and De. Frankenstein were punished for unleashing an undefined and modem tr fo Fakes’ ore wes both e est of modem ‘The reaction from poet Wiliam Blake (1757-1627) was Iss vigorous, He wrote of “England's green and pleasant land” in contrat to the Indusval Revolatons "ark satanic mills" George Orwell, whose fertile ‘wring period is oen linked to the end ofthe cod Jndustal revolution in England, described in much {of his work the social and poitical ills ofthe Indust Revolution’ progres, bemuning the advent of machin- ‘ery and is tll on peoples understanding of thet own humanity. Onwells The Road to Wigan ier (1937) was the result of his fsthand experince of the impoverished ‘and unemployed ina nodbern English coal-mining tow. "rom his perspective, Wigan was the historical tenis is et Wil ike felon, The Eman che lat ban {e067 e2t ese sos many cleo lke ered Loe copes heel ore hom ol whch armor reapers he emanate Cane on ‘irs Bovke fica at ao ton ay {ws aes Se rao Psion Unwey Pse {arson een 418. fader apie Ds Sainte lng Figure 266s Mary Sholeys franks he mows was reaprerermocerion ofthe inden, the nfs precipitate of ‘progres [wel ed ign aap on the ie han js wins te, ae Darn ths prod, rate self was objected and viewed asa agiculunl and ecorome ommen Ihe One of heey economist sy the ta Rolston, land economia TE at ha he Ea ecaromic cone fae is dvd a. Cian rth naires hog of pinay nes OF pene or paesion, separate rom ature Itenenithe wee cnt Dat asbranches of ean thay coe it rng far in toms St ensonment id esarceeconomes, dsc ehines tat Sr det on preserving tei ye of nd sed {am conseraon olan sd aire ‘el McDonough orn we ae il Ing ith ‘atime ae by th tal oon Fervent sue cate ‘Ha Wale, “Oaren Aion. Mays: 20, 199° The Reni Sey ae Une of Gacy a, hn ‘Someta. SE ed ‘ym Glyn ohn. Ca ef he Canon Good ‘lig etl Gite mee od Figure 2-7 facta Ceron whe Slen Sng (O42) mo 8 touche othe enorme and heath manera toward the end of the second Indust evolon, the advent of modem chemisty and warfare spawned ancsher ‘rnsformation, the development of symetic cherie The Modern Chemical Revolution ‘The DuPont motto of the 19305—"betr tings foe beter living through chemisry’—became a victim of eulural skepticism drng the years of proses in the 1960s nthe United Sates, and socioty has bocome increasingly more wary and suspicious of such compat slogans “his skeptic largely resulted fom the efor ofthe young blogs Race! Carson (Figure 2-7) and er seri al book, Sent Spring (1962, wich brought light the [arge-scale prolifersion of harmful insecticides, pesteides, and herbicides and their impact onthe biosphere, food iain, water oe, and ultimately humane. Ferbaps no tne more than Carson has povided a springboard forthe tiscusion of moder industry’ impact on enwironmentl and human health Carson's main obseation was that lipidoluble insecticidal chemicals find ideal residence in theft sues and organs of humans and other am: mal The concept ofa long-term chemical storage and body burden was not something atthe genera public Lndarstood unt her book wae srlizd nthe: New Yorker. Her book promped dikcusion and controversy, "Wea TE Spry canon cso eof inc oe ‘st igeccali wasn props wich en ee ‘erate sd oar which evennally gave rise 10. the esablshment ff govermental oversight agencies, such as the US. Envonmental Protection Agency (EPA), in spite of the comical indus effort discredit and vlfy Carson. In 1972, DDT (Wichioro-iphenyl-viehioroehane), the pescidal chemical, wae banned, and many olher Insecticides or, to use Carson's tom, “biocides") were withdrawn from the US. market. Sut manufacture and Shipment of banned and resscted pesicides to her pars ofthe world continues with an intentionally man {ated notification mechanism in place. Since the miatwentieth century, chemical releases and industrial acide, such asthe 1984 Union Carbide ‘methyl isocyanate gas release in Bhopal, India, the su facing of Hooker Chemical and Plates Corporation =”

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