Session 9 - Safety and Risk Assessment For Women

14/07/16
OBJECTIVES
Session 9 At the end of the session, the par0cipants
should be able to:
SAFETY AND 1.  Assess the risk factors in a VAW case.
RISK ASSESSMENT 2.  Create a safety plan based on the
FOR WOMEN presenta0on and history
3.  Correlate the steps in the different protocols
in service provision for VAW Vic0ms –
Survivors
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by Child Protection Network Foundation, Inc. by Child Protection Network Foundation, Inc.
RISK ASSESSMENT

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RISK FACTORS RISK FACTORS

FOR INTIMATE PARTNER & SEXUAL VIOLENCE SPECIFIC FOR PARTNER VIOLENCE
(BOTH EXPERIENCE & PERPETRATION) •  Past history of abuse
•  Low level of educa0on •  Marital discord and dissa0sfac0on
•  Witnessing & experiencing family violence as a •  Difficul0es in communica0ng between
child partners
•  Alcohol & drug use
•  AItudes that are accep0ng of violence and
gender inequality
RISK FACTORS RISK FACTORS

INTIMATE PARTNER & NON-PARTNER SEXUAL PERPETRATION
VIOLENCE •  An0social personality disorder
•  Ideologies of male sexual en0tlement •  Having mul0ple partners or suspected by their
•  Weak legal sanc0ons for sexual violence partners of infidelity
•  Unequal posi0on of women rela0ve to men
•  Norma0ve use of violence to resolve conflict

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DANGER ASSESSEMENT
Jacqueline C. Campbell, PhD, RN

Copyright 2004 Johns Hopkins University,
School of Nursing

DANGER ASSESSMENT DANGER ASSESSMENT

Several risk factors have been associated with increased 1.  Slapping, pushing; no injuries and/or las0ng pain
risk of homicide (murders) in violent rela0onships. We 2.  Punching, kicking, bruises, cuts, and/or con0nuing
cannot predict what will happen in your case, but we pain
would like you to be aware of the danger of homicide in 3.  “Bea0ng up”; severe contusions, burns, broken bones,
situa0ons of abuse and for you to see how many of the miscarriage
risk factors apply to your situa0on.
4.  Threat to use weapon; head injury, internal injury,
Using the calendar, please mark the approximate dates permanent injury, miscarriage
during the past year when you were abused by your
partner or ex partner. Write on that date how bad the 5.  Use of weapon; wounds from weapon
incident was according to the following scale: (If any of the descrip0ons for the higher number apply,
use the higher number.)
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Mark Yes or No for each of the following. Mark Yes or No for each of the following.
(“He” refers to your husband, partner, ex-husband, ex- (“He” refers to your husband, partner, ex-husband, ex-
partner, or whoever is physically hurSng you.) partner, or whoever is physically hurSng you.)
Yes No Yes No
1. Has the physical violence increased in 4. Is he unemployed?
severity or frequency over the past year?
5. Has he ever used a weapon against you or
2. Does he own a gun? threatened you with a lethal weapon?
3. Have you leb him aber living together 6. Does he threaten to kill you?
during the past year?
7. Has he avoided being arrested for domes0c
3a. (If have never lived with him, check her violence?
_____)
Yes No Yes No
8. Do you have a child that is not his? 12. Is he an alcoholic or problem drinker?
9. Has he ever forced you to have sex when 13. Does he control most of all of your daily
you did not wish to do so? ac0vi0es? (For instance: does he tell you who
10. Does he ever try to choke you? you can be friends with, when you can see
your family, how much money you can use?)
11. Does he use illegal drugs?
(If he tries, but you do not let him, check here:
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Danger Assessment Danger Assessment

Jacqueline C. Campbell, PhD, RN Jacqueline C. Campbell, PhD, RN
Copyright 2004 Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing Copyright 2004 Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing
Yes No Yes No
14. Is he violently and constantly jealous of 16. Has he ever threatened or tried to commit
you? (For instance, does he say “If I can’t have suicide?
you, no one can.”) 17. Does he threaten to harm your children?
15. Have you ever been beaten by him while 18. Do you believe he is capable of killing you?
you were pregnant? (If you have never been
pregnant by him, check here ______)

Danger Assessment
Jacqueline C. Campbell, PhD, RN
Copyright 2004 Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing
WEIGHTED SCORING
Mark Yes or No for each of the following.
(“He” refers to your husband, partner, ex-husband, ex-
The levels of danger are defined based on the
partner, or whoever is physically hurSng you.) DA score as:
Yes No •  Variable danger (score of 0-7);
19. Doe he follow or spy on you, leave •  Increased danger (score of 9 – 13);
threatening notes or messages on answering
machine, destroy your property or call you
•  Severe danger (score of 14 – 17); and
when you don’t want him to? •  Extreme danger (18 and above).
20. Have you ever threatened to commit
suicide?
Total “Yes” Answers
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PRESENTATION AND HISTORY

The Client is:
•  Hesitant and evasive when describing injuries
•  Minimises injuries/pain
•  Distress is dispropor0onate to injuries, e.g. client show
extreme distress over minor injury
•  Explana0on is inconsistent with injury, e.g. “ I walked
into a door”
•  Uncomfortable or anxious in the presence of his/her
partner
•  Makes excuses for the perpetrator’s violent behaviour
•  Withdraws from touch

PRESENTATION AND HISTORY

•  Substan0al delay before seeking medical treatment
•  Mul0ple presenta0ons at health services for vague
symptoms
•  Partner or family member presents with the client,
insists on remaining with the client and speak on
client’s behalf
SAFETY PLANNING
•  Record of or suspicion of previous abuse
•  Misuses drugs and/or alcohol including prescribed
drugs
•  Insecure housing
•  Financial problems

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SAFETY PLAN – CLIENT RESOURCE

INCREASING SAFETY IN THE RELATIONSHIP
Steps you can take:
•  Believe the violence is not your fault
•  Keep a diary of events
•  Talk to someone you trust
•  Seek support and counselling
•  Have any injuries documented by the doctor
•  No0fy the police
•  Seek legal advice
•  Apply for a TPO, PPO /court order

SAFETY AT HOME SAFETY AT HOME

PLAN TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY PLAN TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY
•  Leave if you can. Know the easiest escape •  Rehearse a escape plan with with someone
route including windows and doors and you trust
obstacles to avoid in a speedy exit •  Keep a spare key to the house, or any valuable
•  Iden0fy a safe place to go and how to get in an easily accessible place
there in an emergency. This includes your •  Keep a list of emergency telephone numbers
nearest 24 hour police sta0on, refuge, friend e.g. Police, friends, refuge, FDV hotline
or family member •  Program the telephone number for the police
•  Iden0fy suppor0ve friends and family willing and other emergency telephone numbers into
to provide assistance your phone
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SAFETY AT HOME SAFETY AT HOME

PLAN TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY PLAN TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY
•  Keep some money, medica0on, clothing and •  Talk to the children about geIng help.
important documents in an easily accessible Depending on the age and ability of the
place or with someone you trust in case you children this could include: running to a
need to leave in a hurry neighbor and asking them to call the police,
•  Tell a neighbor or someone you trust about iden0fying a safe place outside the house
the situa0on and arrange a signal if in danger where the children can hide
•  If your partner has firearms tell the police

SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE

PREPARING TO LEAVE THE RELATIONSHIP PREPARING TO LEAVE THE RELATIONSHIP
In certain circumstances, you may think the only •  Gather informa0on about the support that is
way to feel safe is to leave the home. Many have available to you. Contact as many of these
found out that violence increses at the 0me of organiza0ons as you need to un0l the abuse
separa0on. Your ex-partner may feel at a loss of stops or you feel safe
control over you because you are making your •  Seek legal advise
own choices. Make a safety plan. •  Apply for a TPO, PPO

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SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE

PREPARING TO LEAVE THE RELATIONSHIP PREPARING TO LEAVE THE RELATIONSHIP
•  Save some money. A small amount of money •  Tell one or two trusted friends or a refuge
can be useful for emergency transpooty – and worker about your plans and rehearse the
aberwards. Contact Centerlink to find out about details together
your en0tlements and what emergency •  Consider purchasing a phone card – long
assistance is available distance calls are itemised on telephone bills
•  Arrange transport in advance and know where •  Make arrangements for pets
you will go •  Make a list of the important documents you will
need and collect them together
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SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE

PREPARING TO LEAVE THE RELATIONSHIP WHAT TO TAKE
•  Pack irreplaceable personal items, family and •  Important documents: marriage cer0ficates,
photographs albums birth cer0ficates for yourself and children,
•  Open a new bank account and arrange a new healthcare and concession cards, passport,
address for statements ci0zenship papers, school reports, medical
•  Remove your name from telephone, electricity records, prescrip0ons, driver’s license, vehicle
and gas accouts and house leases registra0on papers, insurance policies, bank
cards, credit cards, address books, rental
agreement or deed to house, your will

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WHAT TO TAKE PLAYING IT SAFE

•  Keys: house, car, office •  Keep spare copies of documents and
•  Clothing and personal needs essen0als such as medica0on with a trusted
•  Phone card and address and phone numbers friend
•  Children’s essen0al needs: favorite toy or •  Try not to react to your partner in a way that
comforter might make him suspicious about your plans
•  Tell children what they need to know only
•  Photograph of your partner so that people
protec0ng you know what he looks like when they need to know so that they don’t
worry about keeping a difficult secret

PLAYING IT SAFE PLAYING IT SAFE

SOME PEOPLE REMAIN IN THEIR FAMILY HOME SOME PEOPLE REMAIN IN THEIR FAMILY HOME
AFTER SEPARATION AFTER SEPARATION
Consider the following to ensure safety for •  Inform trusted people/neigbors that your partner
yourself and your children: no longer lives with you and ask that they call the
•  Apply for a TPO, PPO police if that person is observed near your home
or the children
•  Change the locks, install security doors, a
secu0ty system, smoke detectors, and an •  Liaise with the school principal and child care
external security ligh0ng system centers and advise them of the names of people
who have your permission to collect the children
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SOME PEOPLE REMAIN IN THEIR FAMILY HOME SOME PEOPLE REMAIN IN THEIR FAMILY HOME
AFTER SEPARATION AFTER SEPARATION
•  Ask your employer for your phone calls to be •  Asend an educa0onal program or counselling
screened to strenghten your confidence, freedom and
•  Avoid shops, banks, etc. that you used when support to deal with your ex partner
residing with your partner •  Iden0fy a support person you can call when you
feel down and want to return to the poten0ally
abusive situa0on


FOR SOME PEOPLE, IT IS SAFER TO HIDE THEIR FOR SOME PEOPLE, IT IS SAFER TO HIDE THEIR
WHEREABOUTS FROM THEIR EX-PARTNER WHEREABOUTS FROM THEIR EX-PARTNER
In addi0on to the above, also consider the •  Have your name removed from the electoral
following: role
•  Change your name •  Obtain a new Tax File number, Medicare and
•  Obtain a silent telephone number Centerlink number
•  Change your mobile number and email address •  Obtain a post box address and redirect mail to
it
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PLAYING IT SAFE
PROTOCOL IN SERVICE
FOR SOME PEOPLE, IT IS SAFER TO HIDE THEIR
WHEREABOUTS FROM THEIR EX-PARTNER PROVISION FOR VAW VICTIMS
•  Change your vehicle registra0on – SURVIVORS
•  Change the children’s name (LAW ENFORCEMENT)
•  Remove details of inter-school transfers from
school records

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

VIOLENCE IS ACCOMPANIED BY A VIOLENCE IS ACCOMPANIED BY A
BARANGAY, REFERRED BY AN AGENCY OR BARANGAY, REFERRED BY AN AGENCY OR
THE VICTIM SURVIVOR HERSELF GOES TO THE VICTIM SURVIVOR HERSELF GOES TO
THE LEA’S OFFICE THE LEA’S OFFICE
•  Conduct an ini0al interview to assess the situa0on & •  Take the vic0m-survivor’s formal statement and
vic0m-survivor’s readiness for an inves0ga0on. She pieces of evidence, as necessary, in the presence of
must be given 0me to rest, be comfortable & feel the barangay official or social worker & her legal
safe in a separate room from the perpetrator & in representa0ve i.e. PAO/IBP or other legal
private. associa0ons
•  Inform the vic0m-survivor of her rights & remedies
available, the processes and 0me involved including
the need for medico-legal examina0on, if indicated.
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THE LEA’S OFFICE THE LEA’S OFFICE
•  Refer her for medico-legal examina0on to be •  Assist the vic0m in the applica0on for the TPO/PPO,
conducted by a female medical officer at the PNP/ if she so desires.
NBI Crime Laboratory or the P/C/MHO/medical •  Assist the Barangay in the enforcement of the BPO,
facility, where services are available. TPO or PPO.
•  Refer her & her child/ren to the C/MSWDO for
temporary shelter, if she so desires, and other
services.

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

VIOLENCE IS ACCOMPANIED BY A SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF
BARANGAY, REFERRED BY AN AGENCY OR VIOLENCE IS REPORTED BY AN
THE VICTIM SURVIVOR HERSELF GOES TO INDIVIDUAL OR THRU HOTLINES
THE LEA’S OFFICE
•  Respond, with the assistance of the barangay
•  Forward the LEA’s inves0ga0on report together with officials & other police personnel, to emergency calls
relevant evidence, including the formal statements to ensure immediate protec0on of vic0m-survivor &
of witnesses & results of medico-legal examina0on her child/ren, including entering the dwelling, if
to the Public Prosecutor’s Office for filing of necessary.
appropriate criminal ac0on. •  Conduct rescue opera0ons for women in exploita0ve
•  All files, records, documents, etc. are to be held situa0ons, with female police officers and social
confiden0al & kept in a secure place. workers.

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VIOLENCE IS REPORTED BY AN PROTOCOL IN SERVICE
INDIVIDUAL OR THRU HOTLINES
PROVISION FOR VAW VICTIMS
•  Effect the arrest of the perpetrator/s pursuant to
exis0ng laws.
– SURVIVORS
•  Ensure the privacy and confiden0ality of VAW cases, (HEALTH/MEDICAL OFFICER/
including having a separate bloser/logbook.
FACILITY)
•  Proceed with the above procedures for vic0ms –
survivors referred by individual/agencies or self-
referral.


THE P/C/MHO/WCPU/MEDICAL FACILITY THE P/C/MHO/WCPU/MEDICAL FACILITY
OR THE RURAL HEALTH UNIT OR THE RURAL HEALTH UNIT
•  In life threatening situa0ons, stabilize vic0m- •  A comprehensive physical/medical examina0on
survivor, provide emergency treatment & make conducted by a female physician/medical
referral to appropriate medical facility for further prac00oner.
interven0on. •  Provide needed medical care or treatment for the
•  Inform the vic0m – survivor of her rights & remedies vic0m – survivor and her children.
available as well as the needed medico-legal •  Manage the reproduc0ve health concerns of the
examina0on & other medical or surgical vic0m – survivors.
interven0ons.
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•  A comprehensive physical/medical examina0on •  In life threatening situa0ons, stabilize vic0m-
conducted by a female physician/medical survivor, provide emergency treatment & make
prac00oner. referral to appropriate medical facility for further
•  Provide needed medical care or treatment for the interven0on.
vic0m – survivor and her children. •  Inform the vic0m – survivor of her rights & remedies
•  Manage the reproduc0ve health concerns of the available as well as the needed medico-legal
vic0m – survivors. examina0on & other medical or surgical
interven0ons.

•  A comprehensive physical/medical examina0on •  Conduct/refer her & her child/ren for psychosocial
conducted by a female physician/medical interven0on and/or psychological/psychiatric
prac00oner. evalua0on/treatment.
•  Provide needed medical care or treatment for the •  Document properly the physical injuries, emo0onal/
vic0m – survivor and her children. psychological state & record any complaints,
•  Manage the reproduc0ve health concerns of the observa0ons & circumstances of the examina0on or
vic0m – survivors. visit.

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VIOLENCE IS ACCOMPANIED BY A
BARANGAY, REFERRED BY AN AGENCY OR PROTOCOL IN SERVICE
THE VICTIM SURVIVOR HERSELF GOES TO
THE P/C/MHO/WCPU/MEDICAL FACILITY PROVISION FOR VAW VICTIMS
OR THE RURAL HEALTH UNIT
– SURVIVORS
•  Issue a medical cer0ficate, free of charge (public
hospitals, clinics & rural health units), concerning the (SOCIAL WELFARE AND
examina0on or visit. DEVELOPMENT OFFICE)
•  Safeguard medical records & make them available to
the vic0m – survivor upon request at actual cost.


THE P/C/MSWDO OR ITS DISTRICT/UNIT THE P/C/MSWDO OR ITS DISTRICT/UNIT
OFFICES OFFICES
•  Receives the vic0m – survivor, verifies report with •  Conduct intake interview to assess family risks &
the referring party or review referral request hand safety situa0on & their needs & arrive at tenta0ve
carried by the vic0m – survivor. plans i.e. a safety plan for her & child/ren, medical
•  Provide immediate comfort to the woman & her examina0on/treatment, temporary shelter, etc.
child/ren, if any; provide immediate needs e.g. water •  Inform her of her rights as a vic0m – survivor and the
and food, & let them feel safe & secure. legal remedies & support available to her including
services of the different agencies, the processes &
requirements to address their needs.
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OFFICES OFFICES
•  Receives the vic0m – survivor, verifies report with •  Conduct intake interview to assess family risks &
the referring party or review referral request hand safety situa0on & their needs & arrive at tenta0ve
carried by the vic0m – survivor. plans i.e. a safety plan for her & child/ren, medical
•  Provide immediate comfort to the woman & her examina0on/treatment, temporary shelter, etc.
child/ren, if any; provide immediate needs e.g. water •  Inform her of her rights as a vic0m – survivor and the
and food, & let them feel safe & secure. legal remedies & support available to her including
services of the different agencies, the processes &
requirements to address their needs.

OFFICES OFFICES
•  Refer vic0m – survivor for physical/medical/medico – •  Provide comprehensive services including aber care
legal examina0on and treatment, if needed. services for the recovery & reintegra0on of the
•  Assist her in filing a complaint with the WCCD – PNP/ vic0m – survivor & her child/ren based on a plan
NBI & if needed, contact the PAO or any legal arrived at with the client.
associa0on. •  If indicated, work with the perpetrator for his
•  Prepare & support client during inquest/preliminary rehabilita0on such as in anger management,
inves0ga0on, if case reach these stages. peaceful conflict resolu0on strategies, etc.

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VIOLENCE IS ACCOMPANIED BY A VIOLENCE IS REPORTED BY AN INDIVIDUAL
BARANGAY, REFERRED BY AN AGENCY OR OR THRU HOTLINES, CRISIS INTERVENTION
THE VICTIM SURVIVOR HERSELF GOES TO CENTERS, ETC.
THE P/C/MSWDO OR ITS DISTRICT/UNIT •  Verify the report & if confirmed, coordinate with the
OFFICES barangay officials & the PNP/NBI for rescue or any
•  Monitor and con0nue providing support to the appropriate ac0on.
client’s implementa0on of the reintegra0on as well •  Receive the women and children who were rescued
as the progress of the case filed in court if any. & provide their immediate needs such as decent
clothing, food, water, etc.
•  Ensure the privacy of the vic0ms – survivors and that
they should be in a separate room from the
perpetrators, safe and secure from the prying eyes of
the public and the media.
SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

VIOLENCE IS REPORTED BY AN INDIVIDUAL •  Women’s Health Policy and Projects Unit-Department of
OR THRU HOTLINES, CRISIS INTERVENTION Health, Government of Western Australia
CENTERS, ETC.
REFERENCE
•  If inves0ga0on is to be done by the PNP/NBI, be
•  Journal of Interpersonal Violence
present with the legal counsel of the women-
•  (hsp://ijv.sagepub.com/)
survivors.
•  Trainer’s Manual. Kathryn Convoy, DSW, Columbia
•  Conduct the intake interview only aber the women
University School of Social Work; Randy Magen, PhD.,
have stabilized. University of Alaska Anchorage
•  Proceed with the same case management as above. •  Guidelines in the Establishment & Management of a
Referral System on Violence Against Women at the Local
Government Unit Level. Philippine Commission on Women
& Inter-Agency Council on Violence Against Women and
Their Children
by Child Protection Network Foundation, Inc.
by Child Protection Network Foundation, Inc.
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14/07/16

Philippine Copyrights 2015 Philippine Copyrights 2015

RISK FACTORS RISK FACTORS

RISK FACTORS RISK FACTORS

Philippine Copyrights 2015 Philippine Copyrights 2015

Jacqueline C. Campbell, PhD, RN

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DANGER ASSESSMENT DANGER ASSESSMENT

DANGER ASSESSMENT DANGER ASSESSMENT

DANGER ASSESSMENT DANGER ASSESSMENT

Danger Assessment Danger Assessment

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PRESENTATION AND HISTORY

PRESENTATION AND HISTORY

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SAFETY PLAN – CLIENT RESOURCE

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SAFETY AT HOME SAFETY AT HOME

SAFETY AT HOME SAFETY AT HOME

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SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE

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SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE

SAFETY PLAN-CLIENT RESOURCE

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WHAT TO TAKE PLAYING IT SAFE

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PLAYING IT SAFE PLAYING IT SAFE

PLAYING IT SAFE PLAYING IT SAFE

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PLAYING IT SAFE PLAYING IT SAFE

Philippine Copyrights 2015 Philippine Copyrights 2015

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

Philippine Copyrights 2015 Philippine Copyrights 2015

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

Philippine Copyrights 2015 Philippine Copyrights 2015

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

Philippine Copyrights 2015 Philippine Copyrights 2015

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

Philippine Copyrights 2015 Philippine Copyrights 2015

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF

SITUATION: A VICTIM SURVIVOR OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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