GEC S5 02 (M)

Exam. Code: ECM5B

ISBN : 978-93-89123-93-7

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 ADB
ADB

WTO
(WTO) WTO WTO:
WTO:

FDI
FPI FII

(SAARC)
(SAPTA) (SAFTA)
(globalisation





 (International
Monetary Fund) (reporting)

(reporting)
(Harvey) (M. Johnson)

 (Balance of Trade)

(J.E.Meade)
(W. M. Scammel)

(balance of service)
 (Current account)

 (Capital account)

 (Current Account)

 (Merchandise trade)

 (Service)

 (Income receipts)

 (Unilateral transfers)

 (Capital Account)
 (Assets owned abroad)

(IMF)

(Foreign Direct Investment-FDI)

 (Foreign-owned
assets in the country)

real
estate
 

item
withdraw

Change in reserves
reserves
 Balance on Capital Account


Errors and
omissions

(Balance of payments)
balance
 (current account)

(FDI)

(debit)
(credit)
Balance
of payments balance

Balance

(trade surplus)
(trade deficit)
 (Cyclical disequilibrium)
 (Secular disequilibrium)
 (Structural disequilibrium)

(Cyclical disequilibrium)



 (Consumption)

 (Cyclical Fluctuations)
 (Steep Increase in Imports)

 (Rapid population Growth)

 (Low level of Infrastrectural Tech-

nologies)

 (International Borrowing and In-

vestment)

 (Market forces)

(Devalution)

 IMF (In-
ternational Monetary Fund)
 ..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................


 (Current account)

 (Capital account)




















 IMF

Mannur, H.G. (1995) : International Economics (Second Edition), Vikas

Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Delhi
Paul, R.R. (2006) : Money, Banking and International Trade (Sixth
Edition), Kalyani Publisher, Jalandhar.
Rana and Varma (1998) : Macroeconomic Analysis, Vishal
Publications, Jalandhar





(FDI)
*** ***** ***








pre-shipment
 Forward


 De-facto Exchange Rate

PPP

(Purchasing Power Parity-PPP)

Gaustav Cassel


P
R R P
P*
P*


P1
 R0
P0
R1 
P1*
P0*

R1 R0
P1 P1* P0
*
P 0

P1*
1
P0*








 D
S
D
S e
R0 OQ0 e
R0
R0

R1
R0 R2
R0
R0




 Forex, Fx
over the counter





Cherunilam, F (2017), International Economics, New Delhi, McGraw

Hill Education.
Mannur, H.G. (1995), International Economics, New Delhi, Vikash
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Mituani D.M. (2001), Internation Economics, Mumbai, Himalaya
Publishing House.
Rana K.C. & Verma, K.N. (2004), International Economics, Jalandhar:
Vishal Publishing Co.
Salvatore, D. (2004), International Economics, New Delhi, Willey-India.
Vaish M.C. & Singh, S. (2012), International Economics, New Delhi,
Oxford and IBH Publishing co. Pvt. Ltd.
 P
R
P*
R P P*

*** ***** ***





 Bretton Woods System
band or range)
Band

IMF
Stable exchange rate sys-
tem Multilateral credit system

par
value

IMF


 IMF

 Seigniorage


 Triffin's Dilemma


Johnsen Nixon
 ––––––––––––

Managed Feoat

 Clean Float)

 Dirty Float)
 Snake in the tunnel

ECC

i
ii

iii

 Fall Form EMS

 ECU
Euro








"International Economics," Fifth Edition by Francis Cherunilam, "Tata

McGraw - Hill Publishing company limited, New Delhi.
Gomes Leonard, "Internation Econoics' Problem, Mcmillan, London.
Heller, Robert, H. "International Economics" Prentic – Hall IMF Englee
woods cliffs.
IMF, Annual Report, IMF Survey.

EMS

*** ***** ***

 ADB

ADB





 Asian
Development Bank
 Asian Development Bank

International Monetary Fund World

Bank

International Monetary Fund

Washington

Board of Governors

Managing Director




 












 consultation
  IMF

 IMF






 IMF
IMF

IMF

IMF
 IMF

 IMF

 Poverty Reduction and

Growth Facility: PRGF PRGF
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper : PRSP PRGF

 Stand By Arrangement : SBA

SBA
SBA IMF
SBA

 Extended Funds Facility : EFF

  Supplemental Reserve Facility :
SRF

SRF
 Contingent Credit Line : CCL
CCL
CCL

CCL
SRF / /

 Compensatory Financing Facility :

CFF

Surcharge
 Emergency Assistance

 Technical Assistance IMF

  IMF

IMF

 IMF i)
ii)
iii)

IMF
Surveillance

IMF

InternationalBank
forReconstructionand Development

 Board of Governors
Executive directors
 Ex-officio Chairman


 







%
/ %

i
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ii
 International Development Asociation iii
International Finance Corporation iv
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
v International Centre
for Settlement of Investment Disputes IBRD IDA
IBRD-IDA

Economic Commission for Asia and Far East:

ECAFE
Phillippines Manila


ADB

ADB

ADB

ADB

ADB
 ESCAP

ADB





Micro
Finance

 RCI

ADB

ADB ADB
ADB

ADB
ADB %
ADB

ADB
 


ADB

ADB

 IMF IBRD



ADB
Vaish MC and Singh International Economics 8thed, Oxford and IBA
Publishing.
Hajela, T.N Textbook of Monetary Economics, Shivalal Agrawal &
Company, Agra.
Sankaran S., International Economics, Margham Publications,
Chennai.
Francis Cherunilam International Economics, Tata MC, Grew-Hill
Publishing Company Limited.
IMF
IMF
ABD
ABD
ABD

*** ***** ***

 WTO

(WTO)
WTO
WTO:
WTO:

 GATT WTO
 WTO
 WTO
 WTO

GATT
WTO Marrakesh
GATT
Uruguay WTO
WTO WTO
WTO

(WTO)

WTO
 WTO

WTO

WTO
GATT
WTO
WTO
WTO WTO

WTO WTO
WTO
GATT GATT
 GATT WTO
WTO GATT

 WTO
GATT

 GATT
WTO

 WTO GATT
 GATT WTO
WTO

 GATT WTO
WTO GATT
WTO

 GATT WTO
 WTO WTO
 Ministerial Conference WTO
 WTO

 WTO

 WTO

 WTO

 WTO

WTO


WTO

 WTO
WTO

 WTO WTO
 WTO

 1947 1994
GATT
1995 GATT
WTO Umbrella Agreement

GATS WTO
GATS

 WTO

Copyrights Patent

 Multi-fiber Agreement 1947

Multi-fiber Agreement
2005
Quota

37%
 WTO

 TRIMs

 TRIPs
Copyright Trade Mark
Geographical Indication
Industrial Design Patents Integrated
Circuits Trade Secrets

 WTO

Bovine


 WTO

WTO

 WTO
100 WTO 100
Reference Centers
 WTO

WTO

 WTO

WTO

WTO
Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA)
Agreement on Agriculture (AOA)
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species
(CITES)
Agreement of Textile and Clothing (ATC)

WTO

 WTO Marrakesh WTO





 Uruguay
 WTO

 WTO WTO


 WTO



 IMF

WTO

WTO
WTO
 WTO

 WTO


 WTO

 WTO

 WTO
Kyoto
Protocol TRIPs

WTO

WTO

WTO

WTO

 WTO

 WTO

 WTO
 WTO

 WTO

 WTO

"Francis Cherunilam" "International Economics" fifth edition data Mc

Grew-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
M. Marid John Kennedy International Economics PHI Learning Private
Limited Delhi.
Government of India Economic Survey (annual)
Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalisation and its Discontents, Allen Lane,
London.
RBI Report on Currency and Finance (annual)
 WTO

GATT WTO
WTO
WTO
WTO
WTO
WTO

TRIPs
Trade in Services
Patents
TRIMs

*** ***** ***






Global Village)

Subsidary)
 (International Monetoring Fund : IMF)





 Tariff Non-Tariff

Consumer durables)


 External Liberalisation

Semi-finished goods)



Current Account

 FDI
FPI
Equity
% FDI

 Portfolio
FDI FPI

FDI FPI

Joseph Stiglitz






Deepak Nayyar Stiglity Ohme Manmohan Singh



GDP


FDI FPI

FDI
FPI
Volatile
FDI

FDI FPI

NSS


 NSS

CDS

FIIS

i ii
iii iv







Baldav. Rj. Nayyar, Globalisation and Nationalization, New Delhi 2001.

Economic Survey, Government of India, Verious Issues
Sampat Mukherjee, Economic Environment of Business, New Central
Book Agency (p) Ltd.
R.K. Lekhi. Joginder Singh, ‘The Econmics of Development and
Planning’, Kalyani Publishers.
Francis Cherunillam, 'International Economics', Tata MC Grow-Hill,
Publishing Company Limited New Delhi.

*** ***** ***

 FDI
FPI
FII










 FDI

(Foreign Direct Investment: FDI)

FDI FDI
FDI

FDI
FDI




FPIs

(Foreign Portfolion Investment: FPI)

FIIs

(Foreign Institutional Investment: FII)

FDI

Donald Mac Dougal, Paul Streeter, Gerald Mier

 FDI
FDI

FDI

FDI
 FDI

 FDI


 FDI

 FDI

 FDI

 FDI

 FDI

 FDI

 FDI


FDI
 FDI

 FDI Host Country

FDI

FDI

 FDI
FDI

FDI FDI
 FDI

FDI


FDI FDI
FDI
FDI
FDI
 FDI

FDI FDI

FDI

 FDI

FDI

FDI

 FDI
FDI FPI


FDI

 FPI


 FPI


 FDI


FDI




 FDI

FDI

FDI FPI

FDI FPI FII



desired

Dominich, Salvator, "International Economics", Willey, India

Francis Cherunilam, "International Economics", Tata Mc Graw Hill
Mannur, H. H. "International Economics, Theory & Practice", Vikash
Publishing House.
K. C. Rana and K. N. Verma, "International Economics", Vishal
Publishing Company, India.

(Foreign Direct Investment: FDI)

FDI FDI

FDI
 FDI

FDI FPI

FDI FDI
FDI
FDI

FPI

FDI FDI

FPI FDI FPI

*** ***** ***

 (SAARC)
(SAPTA)
(SAFTA)





Regional Economic Integration)

North American Free Trade Agreement/NAFTA

 European Free Trade
Association/EFTA
Latin American Free Trade Area/LAFTA
European Union/EU
Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum/
APEC NAFTA

 Preferential Trade Arrangements, PTAs

 Free Trade Areas, FTAs

NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade

Arrangements and EFIA (European Free Trade Association).
 Customs Union

ZOLLVEREIN

 Common Market
 Economic Union

Benelux

European Union

Euro

Balassa 1969

(Gain in Trade)
 (Economics of Scale)


Balassa 1969

Balassa





 Economic Cooporation
among Developing Countries) ECDC
(Asian Economic Association) 1974
ECDC ECDC

ASEAN SAARC

SAARC

(South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)

SAARC SAARC

SAARC
 SAARC
SAARC

 SAARC





 SAARC SAARC


 South)
North)

 SAARC
SAARC












 SAARC

SAARC
SAARC

 SAARC

SAARC
 

SAARC

 SAARC
Hard Money

SAARC

 SAARC

SAARC
SAARC

SAARC SAARC

I Dec 7–8,1985 Dhaka (Bangladesh)

II Nov 16–17, 1986 Bangalore (India)
III Nov 2–4, 1987 Kathmandu (Nepal)
IV Dec 1988 Islamabad (Pakistan)
V Nov 1989 Male (Maldives)
VI Dec 1991 Colombo (Sri Lanka)
VII April 10–11, 1993 Dhaka (Bangladesh)
VIII May 2–4, 1995 New Delhi (India)
 IX May 12–14, 1997 Male (Maldives)
X July 29–31, 1998 Colombo (Sri Lanka)
XI Jan 5–6, 2002 Kathmandu (Nepal)
XII Jan 4–6, 2004 Islamabad (Pakistan)
XIII Nov 12–13, 2005 Dhaka (Bangladesh)
XIV Jan 2007 New Delhi (India)
XV August 2–3, 2008 Colombo (Sri Lanka)
XVI April 28–29, 2010 Thimpu (Bhutan)
XVII November 10–11, 2011 Adu City (Maldives)
XVIII November, 2014 Kathmandu (Nepal)
XIX September, 2016
XX 2019 Sri Lanka

SAARC
1990 (Year for Girls)
1991 (Year for Shelter)
1992 (Year for Environment)
1993 (Year for Handicapped)
1995 (Year for Poverty Removal)
1996 (Year for Literacy)
1991-2000 (Decade for Girls)
2005 (Year of South Asia Tourism)
2008 (Year of Good Governance)
2016-17 (Year of Cultural Heritage)

SAPTA

SAARC
SAARC SAARC

SAARC
SAARC
SAPTA SAPTA

SAPTA

SAPTA
 SAPTA SAPTA


SAPTA

SAPTA

SAPTA

 SAPTA SAPTA

SAPTA SAPTA

SAFTA

SAARC
SAARC SAFTA
SAPTA
SAFTA
SAFTA
 SAARC SAFTA

SAFTA

SAFTA

 SAFTA


 SAARC

 SAFTA

 Rules of Origin





SAARC
 SAFTA

 PTA, FTA

 SAARC, SAPTA SAFTA

Dominich, Salvator, "International Economics", Willey, India

Francis Cherunilam, "International Economics", Tata Mc Graw Hill
Mannur, H. H. "International Economics, Theory & Practice", Vikash
Publishing House.
K. C. Rana and K. N. Verma, "International Economics", Vishal
Publishing Company, India.
D. M. Mithani, "International Economics", Himalaya Publishing House,
Mumbai.
Balassa, Bela (1969), The Theory of Economic Integration London,
George Allen and Unwin.

PTA FTA

SAARC
SAARC
SAARC
SAARC
SAARC
SAPTA SAFTA
SAFTA

SAARC SAPTA SAFTA

*** ***** ***

 Balassa, B. (1969).The Theory of Economic Integration.London: George
Allen and Unwin.
Cherunilam, F. (2017). International Economics. New Delhi: McGraw
Hill Education.
Hajela, T.N. (1998). Textbook of Monetary Economics. New Delhi:
Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Heller, R. H. International monetary Economics. London: Englewood
Cliffs,Prentice-Hall.
Kennedy, M. M. J. (2014). International Economics. New Delhi: PHI
Learning Private Limited.
Leonard,G. (1978). International Economics Problems. London:
Macmillan.
Mannur, H. G. (1995). International Economics. New Delhi: Vikash
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Mithani, D. M. (2011). International Economics. Mumbai: Himalaya
Publishing House,
Rana, K. C. &Verma, K. N. (2004). International Economics. Jalandhar:
Vishal Publishing Co.
Salvatore, D. (2004). International Economics. New Delhi: Willey- India.
Sankaran, S. (2017). International Economics. Chennai: Margham
Publications.
Stiglitz, J. E. (2003). Globalization and its Discontents. London:W. W.
Norton & Co.
Vaish, M. C. & Singh, S. (2012). International Economics. New Delhi:
Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Government Reports.
Government of India. Economic Survey. (Annual)
Reserve Bank of India. RBI Report on Currency and Finance. (Annual)
International Monetary Fund, IMF Survey. (Annual Reports)
 CIQA

ciqa@kkhsou.in

i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

v)

vi)

vii)

viii)
ix)