2768 PT 2-85 “Pvssiso3 0074837 3 weands INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 2768-2 First edition 1989-11-15 General tolerances — Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications Tolérances générales — Partie 2: Tolérances géoméwiques pour éléments non affects de tolérances incites Reference number 180 2768-2 : 1969 (E) ternational Organization For StandardizationPha PT 2-84 Hsasia03 oo7ae 5 i 190 2708-2 : 1989 (E) Foreword 180 (the International Organization for Standardization) isa worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Intemational ‘Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intrested in a subjoct for which a technical committee tas been established has ‘the right to be represented on that committee. Intemational organizations, govern ‘mental and non-govornmonta, in fisison with ISO, also take part in the work, ISO collaborates closely with the Intorational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of eloctrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to Ue nner bodies for approval boforethele acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requlting at least 78.98 approval by the meniver bodies voting. International Standard ISO 2768-2 wes prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 3, Limits and fits “This fst exon of 150 2768-2, toyether with ISO 2768-1 : 196, cancel and replace 180 2768 : 1973 180 2768 consists ofthe followina parts. under the aeneral ttle Genera/ tolerances: = Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications =. Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without indlvidust tolerance ind cations ‘Annexes A and B ofthis part of ISO 2768 are for information only © 150 189 ‘Allrightsrosorvd. No part of his publeton may be rproduced or utlze nan form or by ny ‘eens, electronic or mechanical Including photocopying and mizrfi, without perminsion In ‘ating from the pusher Intelonsl Ongeetion for Staneareans (Case postle 60 « CH-1211 Gandve 20 » Switeeand Cpr y the eration Gratin For Stadion relate ste Bot278 PT 2-89 4as3903 oo74a19 7 180 2768-2 : 1989 (E) Introduction All features on component parts always have a size and a goometricl shape, For the \devition of eizo and for the deviations of the goomatieal charecteriatics (form, ‘orientation and location) the function of the part requires limitations which, whan ‘exceeded, imprie this function. “The tolencing on the drawing should be complete to ensure that the elements of size ‘and geometry of al features are controle, .e. nothing shall be implied or lft o judge ‘ment in the Workshop or in the inspection department. ‘The use of genera tolerances for size and geometry simplifies the task of ensuring that this prerequisite is met. Cy Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frdut 6 151-57 anor27h8 PT 2-89 Wesasiso3 oo7va20 3 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 1SO 2768-2 : 1989 (E) General tolerances — Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications 1 Scope “This part of 180 2768 ie intended to simplify drawing ineioo tions and specifies general geometical tolerances to control ‘those features on tho drawing which have no respective in cividua indication. it specifies ganerl geometrical tolerances in twee tolerance clasers. ‘This part of iSO 2768 mainly apples o features which are pro- duced by removal of material. Its application to foatures| ‘manufactured by other processes is possible; however, special ‘examination is required to ascertain whether the customary workshop accuracy lies within the general geometicl toler ances specified in this part of ISO 2768. 2 General When selecting the tolerance class, the respective customary Warkshap eccuraey haz to be taken into. consideration, If smaller geometrical tolerances. are required or larger ‘gocmotialtoloroncee are pormizcble and more economical for any individual feature, such tolerances should be indicated Greeti in accordance with 180 1101 fee clause A.) General goometical tolerances in acuondance with this pert of 180 2768 apply when drawings or associated specications refer to this par of ISO 2768 in accordance with clause 6. Tey apply to features which do not have respective individual ‘geometrical tolerance indications. General geometrical tolerances apply to all geometrical toler ‘ance characteristics, excluding eyiindricty, profile of any line, Profle of any surface, angularity, cosyalty, positional toler. ‘ances and total run-out In any event, general geometrical tolerances in accordance with this part of ISO 2768 should be used when the fundamental tolerancing principle in arcnedanca with ISO AOS ie used and Indicated on the drawing (soe clause 8.1), 2 Normative references ‘The following standerds contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frau lé 1st ‘2004 150.2768. At the time of publication, the aditione indiastod were vaid. All standards ara subject to revision, and paras to ‘sgroemonts based on tha port ef ISO 2768 are encouraged to investigate tho possibilty of appying the mast recent editions fof the standards indicated below. Members uf IEC atid ISO ‘maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. |'S0 1101 : 1983, Technical crawinas — Geometrical toleranc- ing — Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out = Generalities. definitions. symbols, indications on drawings. 180 2760-1 : 1909, Genova tolerances — Fart 1: Tolerances for ‘near and angular dimensions without individual tolerance ind- 180 5469 : 1981, Technicl drawings — Geometrical toleranc- ‘ng ~ Datums and datunr-svstems for gvomotriaf tolerances. 180 8016 : 1986, Technical drawings Fundarmenteltoleranc- ‘ng principle. 4 De ions For the purposes of this oart of 180 2768. the dafnitions for ‘geometrical tolerances given in ISO 1101 and ISO 6469 apply. 5 General geometrical tolerances (ooo aloo clouse 8.1) 5.1 Tolerances for single features “The general tolerances on etraightnace and flatnace are given in table 1. When a tolerance ie selected from table 1, it shall be based, In the case of straightness, on the length of Ure cure responding line and, in the case of flatness, on the longer lateral longus ofthe surface, oF the ameter ofthe ciularaur- faceace pr acea Bp easisoa oovaas s 150 2768-2 : 1989 (E} Table 1 — Gonoral tolerances on straightnk ‘and flainess olin in riot ‘Stalghtnoss and flatness tolerances for range ‘oF nominal lengths, Toler hace | upto | “io” | “30° | “oo | Son’ | 700 Ma” | upto | upto | upto | unto | upto ‘30° | “Foo” | “Boo? | S00 | Sooo om | oo | on | 07 | oa | oa oa [or | 02 | 04 | 06 | 08 or [02 | o4 | os | 12 | 16 5.42 Circularity ‘The goneral tolerance on olroularty le oqual to the rumaical value of the diameter tolerance, but n no case shalitbe greator ‘than the respective tolerance value for circular redial run-out aiven in table 4 (see examples in clause 8.2). 84.3 Cylindricity GGoneral tolerances on cylindricty are not specified. ores 1 Tho ovlnicty dvation compris three components: circularity ‘deviation staighiness daviaton and peralem doviaion of opposite (gonarator nes. Each of those components is controled by its f ‘Svat indented of gonaal erence, 2. i, fr unctonal reasons, the cylindicty deviation has tobe smaller than tho combined effect (se cause 8.3) ofthe ganeral tolerances on ‘roulety,svaignnoss and peat, an inavcual eying tor ‘noe in accordance with ISO 1101 shouldbe indicated for tho feature eaneetnod. Sometimes, e.g. In the case of a Mt, the indlcation of the envelope requirement (E) is appropiate. 5.2 Tolerances for related features 52.1 General ‘Tho tolerances speci In 6.2.2 to 6.2.6 apply to all features wiih aro in relation to one another and which have no respec- ‘ive inceal ination. 522 Parallelism ‘The general tolerance on parallelism is equal to the numerical value of the size tolerance or the Tlatness/stralghtness roler- ‘ance, whichever isthe greater, The longer of the two features Shallbe taken asthe datum; i the features are of equal nominal length, elthor may be takon 2s the datum (see clause B.4). 523 Perpendicularity “The gonoral tolerances on perpendiculaity ae given in table 2. The longer of the two sides forming the right angle shall be taken as the datum: Ifthe sides are of equal nominal length, either may be taken as the datum. Tablo 2 — General tolarnness on perpandicularty Vas in ritiatres Perpondicularity tolerances for ranges of Toler: nominal lengths ofthe shortar side clase ‘over 100} over'300_| over 1000 upto 300 | up to 1000 | up to 3.000 02 08 oa On 04 06 08 06 1 18 2 52.4 Symmetry ‘The general tolerances on symmety are given in table 3. The longar of the two features shall be taken as the datum: Ifthe features are of equal nominal longth, either may be taken as the datum, NOTE — The gonerlflerenses on symmatyspply whore = at east ona ofthe two features has a mein plano, or the axes ofthe two features ar perpendicular to each other ‘Seo expen in louse 8.5. Table 3 — General tolerances on symmetry Values in mitimetes ‘over 00 | over 1000 H 08 K 08 oF v oa 1 16 2 62.5 Coaxiality General tolerances on coaxalty are not specified [NOTE — The doviaton in comity may, in an extreme casa, bo 2s ‘ret a the tolerance vale for cer rad un-out gan in table 4, Sho the dovlatont aca run-out comprises tho deviation in coaxial Inv and tho dovation inocula, 52.0 Circular run-out "he genaral tolerances on olrular run-out (rad, axa and any surface of revolution) are given in table 4. Copyright by the International Organization For Standardivaion Frdut 6 151-57 anor“2768 PT 2-84 BD ves3903 oo7ueee 7 Fer general tolorances on circular run-out, the bearing surfaces shall be taken as the datum if they are’ designated as such. ‘Otherwise, for circular radial run-out, the longer of the two ‘features shall be taken asthe datum: if te features are of equal Romina length, either may be taken as the datum, Table 4 — General tolerances on circular run-out Vans initiates Tolerance ‘Girculer run-out tolerances # oo K 02 6 Indications on drawings general tolerances in accordance with this part of 1SO 2768 shall apply in conjunction with the general tolerances jn accordance with 180 2768 1, the following information chal 'be indicated in or near the tte block a) "Iso 2768"; b) the tolerance class in accordance with ISO 2768-1; 1 the tolerance class in accordance with this part of {so 2768, EXAMPLE 180 2768-mk ISO 2768-2 : 1989 {E) In this case the ganeral tolerances for angular dimensions in ac cordance with ISO 2768-1 do not apply to right angles (20°), ‘which are implied but not indicated, because this part of 180 2768 specifies ganeral tolerances on perpendicular. 0.2 If re yoreral dimensional tolerances (tolerance class m) shall not apply, the respective letter shall be omitted from the ‘esignation to be Inclosted on the arawing: EXAMPLE 180 2768-« 6.3. In cases where the envelope requirement @) also applies to all single features of S20”, the designation “shall be added to the gneral designation specified in 6.1: EXAMPLE 180 2768-mi-€ NOTE — The envelope cuit (©) cannot pp toes th Inavidullyincatod stightess tolarances which are grentr than 7 Rejection Unless otherwise stated, worksioces excoedina the qoneral ‘geometrical tolerance shll not lead to automatic reaction pro- Video that the ablity of the workplace to function is not im paired (see clause A.4). 1) For tho purposes of this par of ISO 226, « singe feature of sre competes eyindes surface or two paral plane surfaces, Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frdut 6 151-57 anor27b6 PT 2-39 150 2768-2 : 1989 (E) ~~ Bp vosasoa oovua2a a Annex A (informative) Concepts behind general tolerancing of geometrical characteristics ‘A.1_ General tolerances should be indicated on the drawing by reference to this part of 180 2768 in accordance with clause 6. ‘The values of gonoral tolerances correspond to grades of ‘customary Workshop aoouracy, the appropriat tolerance clsee being selected and Indicated on the drawing A.2 Above a catain tolerance value, which corresponds to ‘the customary workshop accuracy, there is usually no gain in manufacturing economy by enlarging the tolerance. In any event, workshop machinery and the usual workmanship nor ‘mally do not manufacture features with graatr ceviations. For example, a feature of 25 mm + 0,1 mm diameter by 80 mm Tong manufactured in a workshop with @ customary accuracy ‘qual to oF finor than ISO 2768-mH contains the geometrical oviations. well within 0,1 mm for circularity, 0,1 mm for straightness of surface laments, and 0,1 mm for circular racial run-out (the values given have been taken from this part of 180 2768). Specifying tolerances would be of no beneft in this pantculer workshop. However, if, for functional reasons, a feature requires a smaller tolerance valun than tha "genaral tolerances”, then that feature should havo the smaller tolerance indicated individually adjo- cent to the particular feature, This type of tolerance falle out side the scope of general tolerances. {In cases where the function of a feature allows a geometrical tolorance equal to or larger than the general tolerance values, this should not be individually indicated, but should be stated (on thy drawing ws cascribod in claws 6. This typo of tlerance lows full use of the concept of general geometrical tolerancing. ‘There will be “exceptions to the rule” where the tunction allows @ larger toleance than the general tolerances, and the larger tolarance wil provide a gan in mar In these special cases, the larger geometrical tolorance should be indicated individualy adjacent to the particular feature, the clroularty tolerance ofa large and thin ring. AB. Using general goomettical tolerances loads to the {ollowing advantages 4) drawings are casler to read and thus communication is made more effective to the user of the drawing; Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frdut 6 151-57 anor the design draughtsman saves time by avoiding dotalod tolerance calculations as itis sufficint ony to know that tho function allows a tolerance greater than or equal to the ‘eneral tolerance: }_the drawing really indicates which features can be pro- ‘duced by normal process capability, which also assists ‘quality engineering by reducing inspoction lovals; «d}_ those features remsining, which have individually in sooted geomotroaltoloranece, wil, for tho most port, bo those controling features for which the function requires relatively small tolerances and which therefore may couse spocial effort in the production — this willbe helpful fr pro- action planning ann will assist quality contol services in their analysis of inspection requirements } purchase and sub-contract supply engineers can nego- tiataordare more ready ince the “customary workshop ac- curacy" Ie known before the contract Is placed; this aloo avoids arguments on delivry between the buyer and the supplier, since inthis respect the drawing is complete. ‘These advantages aro fully obtained only when there is suff- ant ralahilty that tha ganeal tolerances wil not ba excectad, ‘won the customary workshop accuracy of the particular workshop is equal to or finer than the general tolerances in- dicated in the drawing. ‘The workshop should, therefore, = find out by measurements what its customary work- shop accuracy = _avcopt only those drawings having general tolerances, equal to oF greater han Its customary workshop accuracy; — check by sampling that its customary workshop ac- ‘curacy does net deteriorate, Relying on undefined “good workmanship” with all its uncer- taints and misunderstandlings is no longer necessary with the concept of general geometrical tolerances. The general goo- Iratrial tolerances define the requited accuracy of “good workmanship”. A.A The tolerance the function allows is often ‘the genera olean: shways impaired when the general tolerance ie (occasionally) ‘exceeded at any feature of the workplece. Exceeding the ‘general tolerance should load to 0 rejection of the workpiece ‘only ifthe function is impaired“2268 PT 2-89 © Bsesiso3 oo7vaey o 1SO 2768-2 : 1989 (E) Annex B (informative) Further informat B.1 General geometrical tolerances (see clause 5) ‘According to the princiole of independency (see ISO 8015), ‘general geometrical tolerances apply independently of the tyeneral yeomettca tolerances may be usod even If the features ‘are everywhere st ther maximum material size (s90 figure 8.1), Ifthe envelope requirement (B) isincualyinceated aloe nto the feature or general fal eatures of ie as dscribod in clause 6. this ocurement shuld alo be comoted with. Betual loon sin af tha wnekninen Features. Accordingly. the Dinensons in millet | | 0 ‘Tolorancing 1$0 8015, General tolerances 1SO 2768-mH L 250 _| ;-Maxiram iit of sco —texmum crculrity deviation Uwesluna rom a ebed fxm) Mosier strightness deviation — | o1sos [- — i} Maximum it of st Figure 8.1 — Principle of independency: maximum permissible deviations on the same feature Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frdut 6 1451-58 2008‘278 PT 2-84 Bsasaao2 aozuaes 2 ISO 2768-2 : 1989 (E) B.2. Circularity (see 5.1.2) — Examples EXAMPLE 1 (s00 figure 8.2) ‘The permissible deviation of the dlamater Is indicated directly (on tho drawing; the gonaral tolerance on circularity is equal to ‘the numerical Value of the diameter tolerance, EXAMPLE 2 (soo figure 8.2) ‘The general tolerances in accordance with the indication 180 Z768-mK apply. The permissible deviations. for the slameter of 25 mm are 0,2 mm. These deviations lead to the ‘numerical value of 0,4 mm which is greater than the value of 0.2mm given in table 4; the value of 0,2 mm, therefore, applies forthe circularity tolerance. B.3 Cylindricity (see note 2 in 6.1.3) ‘The combined affect of tha ganaral tolerances of circularity, streightness and parallelism is, for goometrical reasons, smaller ‘than the sum of the three tolerances since there eal 8 certain limitation by the sizo tolerance. However, for the sake of implicity, in ordor to dacide whathor the envelope quirement of an individual cylindrcty tolerance is to be indicated, the sum of tho three tolerances can be taken into account. B.4 Parallelism (see 5.2.2) Depending on the shapes ofthe deviations ofthe features, tho paralieism deviation i limited by the numerical value ofthe size tolerance (see figure B.3) or by the numerical value of the straightness of flatness tolerance (see figure 8.) Vales in mitimatzes ample Tnlcation on the drawing ‘Crculaity tolerance zone y GO 1 180.2760 2 180 2768-mK Figure B.2 Dimensions tolerance Figure B.3 — Parallelism deviation equal to the numerical value of the size tolerance Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frdut 6 1451-58 2008 Examploo of gonoral tolorancos on olroularity [—Sttsightness tolerance Figure 8.4 — Parallelism deviation equal to the numerical value of the straightness tolerance27h PT 2-83 4asis03 oozuaen 4 1S0 2768-2 : 1989 (E) B.5 Symmetry (se 5.2.4) — Examples um: longer feature Ul) ! Figure B.5 — Exemples of general tolerances on symmetry (datums specified in accordance with 5.2.4) eel 44) Datum: longer Feature Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frdut 6 1451-58 2008B7LA PT 2-89 Bvasza03 co74ae7 off ISO 2768-2 : 1989 (E) B.6 Example of a drawing Indication on the drawing Dimensions a milimeres ras mss, [Joos] 6 gq Othe Ianase osmet@) — Sci AED] 7 Tolerancing ISO 8015 Interpretation Sonar! tleranoee 80 276ml an Viton fi [ ism 50) oe Ta ws a6, Harte} | aos), nin i ACL Tlasats =| @ 3 | foste (p02) 260d 45°") ae : £501 (8) oomnat a) Dian 4s] \ fi 601) CLqsz]e “4 105) ohet ss (04, eps teins} Noves 1 Tho tolerances shown in chan thn double-dashod tines (boxes and cies ro ganoral tolerances, Those tolerance values would be automaticaly fchived by machining in worktop with a customary accuracy eaual oo fhe than 80 27GB mH and would not normal equ tobe inepetod 1 of other characteristics of the seme feature, .g, the parpendculaty tolerance also Units the e06 are shown in tha Interpretation above 2. h somo tolerances lo Unit the dev ‘saighiness covation, ot al gona tl Figure B.6 — Example of gonoral tolerances on a drawing UDC 621.753.1 : 744.4 Doseriptrs: fundamental tolerences, machining tolerances, goomatial tolerances. Pico based on 8 pones Copyright by the International Organization For Standardization Frdut 6 1451-58 2008