PHYSICS \i | ii | iti | . jv |x. 2. | MODEL ANSWER PAPER — | Note: Answers'to every section must be written on a new page. (C) auxiliary battery only @) 30 (D) 200 Wb No=NBA, 1004 x05 = 200 Wb (A) linear (D) Both (A) and (C) (B) 56cal (A) _ the potential difference increases. (©) current and e.m-f are in phase (A) Lyman series. (D) varies directly with intensity currents induced in a metal block, when itis placed or moved in a changing \d are called eddy currents The circula magnetic f “The wave is moving in direction of positive X-axis. ‘The fraction of sample that is left after disintegration is, o-@ NO _ Ifthe argular acceleration & is constant and is along the axis of rotation, then all 6, 6 and & will be directed along the same axis. For a common base connection, Ip = In + le In = le Ic } =1-107 | =03ma | -TestacT) is the SI unit of magnetic field Ifthe force F is 1 N acting on the charge of 1 C | moving with a speed of I ms + perpendicular to B , then magnetic field is said to be 1 tesla. 1 os An w a) 0) a ma a ia) a) a a o) a1 a) a) ama) 1) 1 a) wii] The mean square speed ofthe molecules ofthe gas is 2kT ™ Vet Hence, the mean square speed of molecules of the gas decreases in same proportion with the decrease in temperature (0) Wil) Potential gradient is defined as potential difference per unit length of wire a | Sotution: = 16x fre t6xm0 Comparing with differential equation, S wx=0 ot 16 o=4 rads | For frequeney | = 2an a=2-4 = 0.6365 H 2x 2x 3143” 36SHz ji For period, 1871 e ii, | Sitaier the electric fed produced by a charge-+ kept at pont 0, it. | A unit postive charge (eq) is presen in vicinity s moved towards charge +q through small | distance dx. HL)” As direction of electric field of tharge +q is outward, |, displacement dx is in direction ‘opposite to field as shown in figure below | . . iv. | As electrostatic fore is along i | aW= Fd ~-Fdx— Bax Negative sign indicates displacement of ¥. | Butaw av xq ~av + work done is charge isin diction opposite to eld | --o* Qo unit charge) Potential difference between M and N, | eveczax “wv aes rae | Thus the electric field at point in an elect f eld is the negative of the potential gradient [that oinQs. Q6. Q7. Qs. ii, ii ‘An ideal fluid has the following properties: Ss incompressbl i, its density is constant low is irrotational ice, its flow is smooth with no turbulences in the flow. It is non-viscor i 10 t is ie., there is no intemal frictio oe internal friction in the flow and hence the fluid has n Its flow is steady ic, its velocity at each point is constant in time. For a monatomic gas enclosed in a container, held at a constant temperature T and containing N, atoms, each atom has only 3 translational dof. Therefore, average energy per atom is >ksT and the total internal energy per mole is, : 2 E= —NakpT 5 Nake’ Molar specific heat at constant volume IE _ 3 3 Cy= © = 2 Nike= 2 aT 2% Using Mayer’s relation, Cp = R + Cy c= 2R 2 Solution: Given H23 ign = To find: Time required (t) Formula: i=igsin ot Calculation: From formula, 4. = igsin (2x x 25 xt) (2@= Inf) sin (50x t) sont ‘Ans: The time required for the alternating current to change its value from zero to rms is 5x10". Frequency of conical pendulum depends on following factors: a. Length of pendulum (L): Frequency of conical pendulum increases with decrease in length of pendulum. 1 ; Frequency of conical pendulum increases with increase ing. ie.,n Je “Angle of inclination (8): As @ increases, cos © decreases, hence, frequency of conical pendulum increases with increase in 6 iene Frequency at conical pendulum is independent of mass of the (For 0<@<7) bob.Solution: Given: To find: Formula Calculation: From formula, 16 a Ans: The ratio of the amplitudes is aan 4:3) PR) Changing magnetic flux in a coil causes an induced emt | ti | The induced emf so produced opposes the change and hence the ene Overcome it to build up the magnetic fie, This energy may be recovered as heat in a resistance of the circuit | iv. | The induced emfis given as, a y has to be spent to a | ¥- | The work sone in moving a charge dq agains this emis, dW = -edg= LS dg = 1 8 | & & J) dw=tra [ Bhs | a!) Therefore total work, i 1 y= Jaw = fur 17 =, We fow = fun=Lur=u, OY | vis | Equation (1) gives the energy stored (Ua) in magnetic fel stored (Up) in the electric field in a capacitor. R) Q.11.] | Ditticutties with Rutherford’s model: | spectra. But, experimentally observed facts ae in contradiction with these expectations. All | | Rl Id and is analogous to the energy Qua. Pian emer wo sesnemis (2)Formula: n= HR 4a 2 calculation: As = 4.5 x 10" m 2=9x 107m From formula, 1629 81 x 10° 9x10? = 18.1 x 10°= 18.1 kHz Ans: The frequeiey of the sound wave is 18.1 kHz. 2] Resultant magnetic moment of an atom is vector sum of orbital magnetic moment and spi magnetic moment of electron. ‘According to Pauli’s exclusion principle, ‘no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers viz.,n, /, my and m, defining a state Therefore, the resultant magnetic dipole moment for the atom with paired electrons in the same state, defined by n, /, and m,, will be zero, The atom with odd number of electrons in its outermost orbit will possess non-zero resultant magnetic moment. ‘The inner orbits are completely filled and hence do not contribute to the total magn« moment of atom. 2) Solution: Given: Ope = 0.982, Ip = 15 mA To find: Base current (Is) Formulae: i pc = ii, Ip=Ip+ kc Calculation: From formula (i), le= ave le 0,982 «15 = 14.73 mA From formula (ii), Ip=Te-le 15 - 14.73 0.27 mA Ans: The value of base current is 0.27 mA. 2] Solution: * Given. M=0.98 x 10°kg,/=0.5 m, T=2kg wt=2 x 9.8N=19.6N, M _ 098x107 T (eo m= 1.96 x 10° ke/m Tofind: Velocity (v), Fundamental frequency (n) Formulae: i.Q16. Quiz. Calculation: _ 100 2x0,5 es n= 100 Hz Ans: The velocity of the transverse wave along the wire is 100 ms“ and its fundamental frequency is 100 Hz, 3] Solution: Given: M = 300 g=0.3 kg, L=50 cm=0.5 m To find: Moment of inertia (Io), (Iz) Formul i = ME ML Formilae: i, Ig= ME = ME Calculation: i. From forraula (i), [p= 23%050.5 2 lo= 6.25 x 107 kg m? ii, From formula (ii), 03x05%05 3 25x 10° kgm? Ans: M.I of thin uniform rod about an axis perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre is 6.25 x 10° kg m?. ii, _M.1 of thin uniform rod about an axis perpendicular to its length and passing through its one end is 25 x 10° kg m?. BI A circuit in which inductance L, capacitance C and resistance R are connected in series and the circuit admits maximum current corresponding to a given frequency of AC, is called a series resonance circuit ‘The impedance (2) of an LCR circu = fr +(oL-4) At very low frequencies, inductive reactance X; = al. is negli 1 = His very hi Picea Se Dien As we increase the applied frequency then X, increases and Xc decreases. At some angular frequency («,), Xi = Xe ble but capacitive reactancevi Q.18. | i. | | | Qug. fi | (@ | io (2nf)? 1c 1 Onf,= se VLG ee 2nVLC Where f; is called the resonant frequency. [At this particular frequency f, since Xt = Xc we get Z= JR’ +0 =R- ‘This is the least value of Z. Thus, when the impedance of an LCR circuit is minimum, cireuit is said to be purely rate fe. e - resistive, current and voltage are in phase and hence the current ig = > = is maximum. and this frequency is called This condition of the LCR circuit is called resonance conditi series resonant frequency. ible arm PQ. Let ABCD be a rectangular frame of wire, fitted with a ‘The frame held in horizontal position is dipped into soap solution and taken out so that a soap film APQB formed. Due to surface tension of soap solution, @ force ‘F” will act on each arm of the frame. Under the action of this force, the movable arm PQ moves towards AB. Magnitude of force due to surface tension is, F=2T/. el nl om Ball (A factor of 2 appears because soap film has two surfaces which are in contact with wire ) Let the wire PQ be pulled outwards through a small distance “dx’ to the position P’Q’, by applying an external force F* isothermally, which is equal and opposite to F. Work done by this force, dW = F'dx = 2T/dx. But, 2/dx = dA = increase in area of two surfaces of film. dW=TdA This work done in stretching the film is stored in the area dA in the form of poter (surface energy). Surface energy, oe) dA Hence, surface tension = surface energy per unit area. “Thus, surface tension is equal to the mechanical work done per unit surface area of the liquid, which is also calle as surface energy. energy =TdA ‘The general expression for displacement ‘x’ in S.H.M. is x= A sin (ot + 6) a. Atthe mean position, (at +) = 0 orm “Kin = 0 Thus, at the mean position, the displacement of the particle performing S.H.M. is minimum (ie, zero). Bn b. Atthe extreme position, (ot + 9) = a oy x=+Asin= 2 B) GB)Q.20. Qal. ‘hus, at the extreme position the displacement of the particle performing S.H.M. is n the extreme position i rf ig ‘maximum. i is given by, The magnitude of velocity of the particle performing S.H.M. is given by, v=toJA' a. Atthe mean position, x = 0 You =+ Ao as s Thus, the velocity of the particle in S.H.M. is maximum at the mean posi b. — Atthe extreme position, x = + A. a Vain =0 _ Thus, the velocity of the particle in S.H.M. is minimum at the extreme positions. ‘The magnitude of the acceleration of the particle in S.H.M is given by, a = 7x At the mean position (x = 0), Ain = 0 ‘Thus, the acceleration of the particle in S.H.M. is minimum at the mean position, At the extreme positions (x= + A), Anan = + OFA ‘Thus, the acceleration of the particle in .H.M. is maximum at the extreme position 6) Solution: Given: = 0.126 Tmat Tofind: Relative permeability (4) Susceptibility (.) Formulae: i, y= fi walty Hy Cateutation: From formula (i), Y= 0126 1.9 108 Jeno From formula (ii), =H 1= 1.01051 = 99.99 x 10° Ans The average translational kinetic ene1 According to theory of heat e: surroundings, For a constituent atoms oscillating about thei ‘The absorbed radiation therefore causes a rs The body itself also radiates, therefore its energy Ifa body radiates more than it absorbs, its te ‘more than it radiates, then the temperature of When temperature of the body remains constant and with its surroundings. This means, all bodies room temperature remains constant, i. The relative permeability is 1.0 x 10° ji, ‘The susceptibility is 99.99 x 10° B) "Ey determines the temperature ofthe body. change, all the bodies above 0 K absorb radiations from the ods, the absorbed radiation (being energy) increases the kinetic en ir mean positions, in the temperature of the body. decreases, causing lowering of temperature, ‘mperature decreases and if the body absorbs he body increases, ame as the rate of emission of radiation, the the body is said to be in thermal equilibyium ergy of the the rate of absorption of radiation is s: teinperature, but their rate of emission and rateQ23. vi eee ar eo far away from the primary Let PQR representa plane waveffont at any instant. According to Huygens! principle, al the points on this wavefront will act as secondary sources of light sending out secondary wavelets in the forward direction as backward travelling wavelets are supposed to be ineffective. Draw hemispheres with P, Q, R.... as centres and ct’ as radius. The surface tangential to all such hemispheres is PiQiRi.... at instant t’ It is a new wavefront at time °C. ‘The plane wavefronts is propagated as plane waves in medium. They are parallel to each other. Att=0 Attimet POR: Plane wavefront at any instant P,QiR: Plane wavefront after time ‘t” | PP,Ny, QQuN2, RRiNs show the direction of propagation of plane wa The new wavefront P:Q)R, is parallel to primary wavefront PQR. wvefront, Solution: | Given m=2.0 kg, p= 1.01 10° Pa, T Vuean = 3.342 m1, Vig = 2.0 % 10° m* AV = (Vsean Vin) = (3.342 — 0.002) We know that, Ly Tofind: i. nergy absorbed by system (Q) | ii, Work done by the system (W) iii, Change iminternal energy (AU) Formulae: i. Qumb i, W=pav ii, AU=Q-W From formula (), Q=2.0 x 2256 = 4512 kt From formula (i), | W=(1.01 x 109) x 3.340 = 3373 x 10°F 37 ks From formula (ii), ‘AU =4512-337 = 4175 kd ‘Ans: i, Energy absorbed by system is 4512 kJ. ii, _ Work done by the system is 337 kJ. iii, Change in the internal energy is 4175 kJ. Calculation:Q24. Q.26 Excitation energy of an electron: The energy required to take an electron from the ground state to an excited state is called the excitation energy of the electron in that state. Binding energy of an electron: Binding energy of an electron is the minimum energy required to make it free from the nucleus. Dark resistance of a photodiode: Dark resistance of a photodiode (Ry) is defined as the ratio of the maximum reverse voltage and its dark current. It is the resistance of a photodiode when it is not illuminated. Maximum reverse voltage Wy Dark current Solution: Given: q=1pC= 10°C 21=2.5 em=2.5 x 107 m, E=12x10°NC* To find: i, Maximum torque ii Work done in rotating dipole Formulae: i, p=qx 21 ii, t=pE sind ili. W=pE (cos®, — cos0,) Calculation: From formula (i) p=10%x 25x 107=25 x 10*Cm For maximum torque, 6 = 90° Tmax = PE sin 90° =2.5 x 10% 1.2% 10°%1 3*10°Nm As 0,= 0° and @)~ 180° W-= pE (c0s 0; ~ cos 0) 5 * 10 x 1.2 « 10° (cos 0° -€08180°) =3 107 ac +1) =6x10° Ans: i, The maximum es exerted by field on dipole is 3 x 10° Nm. ji, Work done in rotating dipole is 6 « 10° J. Statement: The direction of induced current in a circuit is such that the magnetic field Produced by the induced current opposes the change in the magnetic flux that induces the Current. The direction of induced emt is same as that of induced current. Explanation: According to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, 46 ae Al) a Consider that area vector A of the loop perpendicular to the ae of the Toop is fixed and oriented parallel (8 = 0) to ina field B. The magnetic field B increases with time. By definition of flux, $= (B-A ’) CD) Here, aB | is positive and “is positive as B increases with time whereas emf is a negative quantity, The screw driver mule fixes the positive sense of circulation around the loop as the clockwise direction, G3] ByQ27. Q.28, (ve) quantity inorder tobe equal to the RHS. Thus the negative (ve) sign in the equation & Faraday’s law, * Statement: For stramline flow, the viscous force acting on any layers is directly Proportional to 1. area of the layer (A) 2. _ velocity gradient (dv/dx) Espimaton Ue A be te ae of nepal we disso tow ane he eli Edi, hn vis foe Fishy, fea o ‘ ee: ary (2) Combining equations (1) and (2) we have, Fea(# ax (a Fena(# 1 a) Irhere n = constant called coefficient of viscosity of the liquid which depends upon the nature of the liquid. Solution: Given = 6500 A,D= 1.5m Distance between 10 fringes = 3 cm = 0.03 m. fringe width W = 0.03/10 0.003 m=3 10 m To find: Distance between slits (d) 2D ‘ormula: — W= ee d Cateutation: From formula, > _ 6500x1015 319% = £50010" x1 $5007 8 325 010 3x10” Ans: The distance between two slits is 3.25 x 10 m, Kirchhoff’ first law (Current law or junction law): Statement: The algebraic sum of the currents at a junction is zero in an electrical ae ie S40 ‘where I, is the current in the i* conductor ata junction having n conductors, B) R]Q.29. b. Explanation: 1. Consider a junction P in a circuit where six conductors meet as shown in the figure. 2. Arriving currents Iy, Is and are considered positive and leaving currents I, Is and I, are considered negative. 3. Applying the sign convention at junction P, W-b+h+h=1s-1g=0 | L+th+h=b ls +l, j | 4. Thus the total current flowing towards the junction is equal to the total current flowing away from the junction, i 2] | Solution: Using Kirchhof?’s current law (KCL), at junction B, L=h+h 20=44+1, h=16A Using KCL, at junction C, Is =I + ly L 16+3=194 Using KCL, at junction D, I= Ig + 1 19=1,+9 j OA ‘The value of current X is 10 A. | 2] ' 1. | A laboratory experimental set-up for the photoelectric effect consists of an evacuated glass tube with a quartz window. | The glass tube contains photosensitive metal plates. One is the emitter E and another plate i is the collector C KS : Vee gE cies pee aera (Photosensitiv Emitter plate te Commutator i i HA i | ; -—o— i ! Nowe ‘ i ne i : ena i | 1 Variable potential source ' | | Schematic of experimental set-up for photoelectric effect | | | i 1 |The emitter and collector are connected to a voltage source whose voltage can be changed and to an ammeter to measure the current inthe circuit.Q30. vi Q3i. A potential difference of V, as measured by the voltmeter, tained between the emitter E and collector C. Generally, C (the anode) is at a positive potential with respect to the emitter E (the cathode).This potential difference can be varied and C can even be at negative potential with respect to E. When the anode potential (V) i positive it accelerates the electrons. This potential is called accelerating potential, When the anode potential (V) is negative, it retards the flow of electrons, This potential is known as retarding potential A ee S of monochromatic light of sufficiently high frequency (short wavelength < 107m) is used. a. Consider a segment of infinitesimal length di along the wire as shown in figure below: a : arbitrary shape b. If Tin the current flowing, the magnetic force due to perpendicular magnetic field B (coming out of the plane ofthe paper) is given by 1dixB | ‘ c. The force on the total length of wire is Bea fata-sfd OB 4. If B isuniform over the whole wire then, Fa=1 [fal] B | This is the required relation. Solution: 5 Given. 1=12A,/=1 m,B=5.5 x 107 Whim’, = To find: Force (F) | Formula: F=UiB sind Calculation: From formula, P= 12x 1x 5.5 x 102 x sin 90° = 12x 1x55 x10? x1 | F=0.066 | ‘Ans: The force acting on the conductor is 0.066 N. | The state ofa system can be changed from initial to final indifferent ways. | a. Consider the system changes its state from A to B as shown in figure (a). 4] PR) 2)4. Tn this case, the volume increases to V, from the point A up to the point C at the constant pressure pi ‘After point C, the pressure of the system decreases to prat constant volume as shown in the figure (a. The system thus, reaches is final state B with co-ordinates (Vr, p)). Work done in this process is represented by the shaded area under the curve in figure (a). Consider the system changes its state from A to B as shown in figure (b). In this case, the v Jong the path AD. Affer point D, the volume of the system increases to V; at constant pressure pr as shown in figure (b). Work done in this process is represented by the shaded area under the curve in figure (b) Fromn figures (a) and (b) we can conclude that the work done is more when the system follows path ACB than the work done by the system along the path ADB.