BASIC ACCOUNTING

TRANSACTION 1. INVESTMENT BY SHAREHOLDERS Ray and Barbara Neal

decide to open a computer programming company that they incorporate as Softbyte
Inc. On September 1, 2014, they invest €15,000 cash in the business in exchange
for €15,000 of ordinary shares. The ordinary shares indicates the ownership
interest that the Neals have in Softbyte Inc. This transaction results in an equal
increase in both assets and equity.3
TRANSACTION 2. PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT FOR CASH Softbyte Inc. purchases
computer equipment for €7,000 cash. This transaction results in an equal
increase and decrease in total assets, though the composition of assets changes.
TRANSACTION 3. PURCHASE OF SUPPLIES ON CREDIT Softbyte Inc. purchases
for €1,600 from Acme Supply Company computer paper and other supplies
expected to last several months. Acme agrees to allow Softbyte to pay this bill
in October. This transaction is a purchase on account (a credit purchase). Assets
increase because of the expected future benefi ts of using the paper and supplies,
and liabilities increase by the amount due Acme Company.
TRANSACTION 4. SERVICES PROVIDED FOR CASH Softbyte Inc. receives €1,200
cash from customers for programming services it has provided. This transaction
represents Softbyte’s principal revenue-producing activity. Recall that revenue
increases equity.

TRANSACTION 5. PURCHASE OF ADVERTISING ON CREDIT Softbyte receives

a bill for €250 from the Daily News for advertising but postpones payment until
a later date. This transaction results in an increase in liabilities and a decrease
in equity.

TRANSACTION 6. SERVICES PROVIDED FOR CASH AND CREDIT Softbyte

Inc. provides €3,500 of programming services for customers. The company
receives cash of €1,500 from customers, and it bills the balance of €2,000 on
account. This transaction results in an equal increase in assets and equity.
TRANSACTION 7. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES Softbyte pays the following expenses
in cash for September: store rent €600, salaries and wages of employees €900, and
utilities €200. These payments result in an equal decrease in assets and expenses.

TRANSACTION 8. PAYMENT OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE Softbyte pays its €250

Daily News bill in cash. The company previously (in Transaction 5) recorded the
bill as an increase in Accounts Payable and a decrease in equity.

TRANSACTION 9. RECEIPT OF CASH ON ACCOUNT Softbyte receives €600 in

cash from customers who had been billed for services (in Transaction 6). This
transaction does not change total assets, but it changes the composition of those
assets.
TRANSACTION 10. DIVIDENDS The corporation pays a dividend of €1,300 in
cash to Ray and Barbara Neal, the shareholders of Softbyte Inc. This transaction
results in an equal decrease in assets and equity.

Buatlah Journal, Laporan Keuangan (Neraca dan Rugi Laba)

 Konsep Pencatatan Periode Akuntansi
Cash Basis: Pendapatan dan biaya dilaporkan pada periode
terjadinya penerimaan/pengeluaran cash.
Accrual Basis: Pendapatan dilaporkan pada periode
terjadinya penjualan jasa/barang, Biaya dilaporkan pada
periode terjadinya beban yang bersangkutan.
Adjusting Entries
Adjusting Entries bring certain account balances up to date
at the end of the accounting period.
Adjusting entries are required when certain accounts
(PENDAPATAN ATAU BIAYA) have not been recorded (atau
diakui) in the accounting PERIOD

Adjustments are necessary for items that have either been

deferred or accrued.

Adjusting Entries are necessary when accrual basis

accounting is used
Characteristics of Adjustments

• Adjusting entries are internal transactions—no new source

document exists for the adjustment.
• Adjusting entries are non-cash transactions—the Cash account
will never be used in an adjusting entry.
• Adjusting entries will always involve at least one income
statement account (Revenue or expense), and one balance
sheet account.
Dua Klasifikasi Penyesuaian:

Defferal: Uang Masuk dulu sebelum lawannya masuk: Prepaid

(termasuk supply dan depresiasi) & Jasa yang belum dikerjakan
tapi uang diterima dimuka,
Accrual: Jasa atau Kerjaan sudah dilakukan, tapi belum dibayar:
Jasa rias sudah selesai, uang nya blm diterima & biaya yang
sudah dilakukan tapi uang belum dibayar atau dicatat.
Adjusting Entries for Deferrals
Adjusting Entries for Accruals