Điểm bài thi đã quy đổi Họ, tên và chữ ký giám khảo

SỐ PHÁCH
Bằng số Bằng chữ GK1: …………………………………..…….…..…………

GK2: ……………………………..…..…....………………

I. LISTENING (50 points)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
• Bài nghe gồm 04 phần, mỗi phần cách nhau 10 giây. Mỗi phần được nghe 02 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây.
• Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có nhạc hiệu. Thí sinh có 02 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước nhạc hiệu kết thúc.
• Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh đã có trong bài nghe.
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a policem an giving a safety talk to new students at the
University of W estley. I n the space provided, w rite NO M ORE THAN THREE W ORDS taken from the
recording for each answ er.
1. Who has organized the safety talk?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What crime is most common amongst students?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Where does PC Fair suggest that students can hide their belongings?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What should you take with you when you visit an insurance broker about your belongings?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What does PC Fair say that you can use to mark your property?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to five short ex tracts in w hich people are talking about the m usic
industry and choose from the list A-H the opinion each speaker ex presses. W rite your answ ers in
the corresponding num bered box es provided.
A. Tastes in music change very quickly.
6. Speaker 1 B. Music is an important part of culture.
7. Speaker 2 C. Some people who become well-known don’t deserve their success.
8. Speaker 3 D. There are lots of dishonest people in the music business.
9. Speaker 4 E. Artists need to have a realistic view of the music business.
10. Speaker 5 F. People with real talent will always succeed.
G. Some artists will always be popular.
H. People should only get involved in music because they love it.
Your answ ers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to a discussion in w hich tw o m arine biologists, Gina K elso and
Thom as Ludm an, talk about an aw ard-w inning television film they m ade about w ildlife in
Antarctica. Choose the answ er (A, B, C or D) w hich fits best according to w hat you hear. W rite your
answ ers in the corresponding num bered box es provided.
11. Gina’s interest in marine biology dates from ______.
A. her earliest recollections of life in Africa B. one memorable experience in childhood
C. the years she spent studying in England D. a postgraduate research project she led
12. The first wildlife TV series they both worked on ______.
A. made use of a previously untried format B. was not filmed in a natural environment
C. was not intended to be taken too seriously D. required them to do background research
13. How did Thomas feel when he was asked to produce the programs about Antarctica?
A. disappointed not to be presenting the series B. surprised that people thought he was suitable
C. uncertain how well he would get on with the team D. worried about having to spend the winter there
14. When they were in Antarctica, they would have appreciated ______.
A. a less demanding work schedule B. more time to study certain animals
C. a close friend to share their feelings with D. a chance to share their work with colleagues
15. What was most impressive about the whales they filmed?
A. The unusual sounds the whales made B. The number of whales feeding in a small bay
C. How long the whales stayed feeding in one area D. How well the whales co-operated with each other
Your answ ers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
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Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to the speech by an Oscar 2020 w inner, Joaquin P hoenix .
Com plete each gap in the sum m ary w ith NO M ORE THAN FOUR W ORDS taken from the recording.
W rite your answ ers in the corresponding num bered box es provided.
• Despite being an Oscar winner, Joaquin Phoenix does not feel (16) ___________ above any other
nominee, as they all share the same love of movies.
• The greatest thing movies give them is the opportunity to speak (17)__________.
• Though they may champion (18) __________, they’re all concerned about the fight against injustice,
when one nation or one species has the right to dominate and exploit another with (19) __________.
• What many of us, humans, are guilty of is an (20) __________ – the belief that we’re the center of the
universe. We (21) __________ the natural world of its resources. We feel (22) __________ to artificially
inseminate a cow and steal her baby, even though her cries of pain are (23) __________.
• With love and compassion, humans can create changes that are beneficial to (24) __________ and to the
environment.
• The best of humanity is brought out not when we __________ (25) for past mistakes, but when we help
each other to grow and guide each other toward redemption.
Your answ ers:
16. 21.
17. 22.
18. 23.
19. 24.
20. 25.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct w ord or phrase (A, B, C, or D) to com plete each of
the follow ing sentences. W rite your answ ers in the corresponding num bered box es provided.
26. The little boy took an instant liking to his babysitter _____.
A. upon their first meeting B. before he first met her
C. prior to their first meeting D. as soon as he would meet her
27. There have been a few cases of Asian flu recently but there _____ no cause for alarm.
A. feels to be B. was felt being C. is felt to be D. has been felt there is
28. The palace is so heavy and massive that no redecoration can make it look like a little gracious villa. Even if we
_____ it pink, which, of course, is out of the question.
A. would paint B. had painted C. were to paint D. paint
29. That woman sees nothing _____ in letting her children run around as they wish.
A. awry B. amiss C. afraid D. alike
30. You can buy goods on the Internet with a credit card, but there is a danger of _____ if someone else obtains
the number.
A. corruption B. fraud C. embezzlement D. disruption
31. There is still a _____ of hope that the rescuers will find survivors.
A. spray B. ray C. light D. spot
32. Your rental agreement _____ states that no pets are allowed in the building.
A. explicitly B. credibly C. mildly D. decently
33. A lot of people who have had a _____ deal in life will show surprising cheerfulness.
A. bad B. rough C. raw D. clean
34. As we belong to different political parties, there is a great _____ between my views and yours.
A. chink B. gorge C. gulf D. space
35. Should you fail, the sacrifices made by your family will be meaningless and reside _____.
A. on your conscience B. at your wits’ end C. off your own boat D. under your thumb
36. I don’t expect the entry test this year will be more demanding, but, _____, I don’t think it will be simpler either.
A. over and above B. on the side C. by the same token D. for good measure
37. Despite all the interruptions, he _____ with his work.
A. stuck at B. held on C. hung out D. pressed on
38. I was sitting in a train looking out of the window, when my mind suddenly _____ back to that amazing trip we
made to India.
A. put B. flashed C. stirred D. associated
39. While some people seem to have an almost ______ flair for languages, others have to rely on strategies to
maximize their skills and learn a foreign language more effectively.
A. habitual B. spiritual C. perceptive D. instinctive

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40. Young people are ambitious by nature, so they tend to set their ______ high on whatever they do.
A. sights B. views C. visions D. eyes
Your answ ers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Part 2. For questions 41-45, w rite the correct form of each brack eted w ord in the corresponding
num bered box es provided. (0) has been done as an ex am ple.
The (0. EVIDENT) _____ that the Internet has a (41. DELETE) _____ effect on the brain is zero. In fact,
by looking at the way human beings gain knowledge in general, you would probably argue the opposite. The
opportunity to have multiple sources of information or opinion at your fingertips, and to dip into these rather than
trawl (42. LABOR) _____ through a whole book, is highly conducive to the (43. ACQUIRE) _____ of knowledge.
It is being argued by some that the information coming into the brain from the Internet is the wrong kind of
information. It’s too short, it doesn’t have enough depth, so there is a (44. QUALITY) _____ loss. It’s an
interesting point, but the only way you could argue it is to say that people are (45. USE) _____ the Internet. It’s
a bit like saying to someone who’s never seen a car before and has no idea what it is: “Why don’t you take it for
a drive and you’ll find out?” If you seek information on the Internet like that, there’s a good chance you’ll have a
crash. But that’s because your experience has yet to grasp what a car is.
Your answ ers:
0. evidence 41. 42.
43. 44. 45.

III. READING (50 points)

Part 1. For questions 46-55, read an ex tract from an article and fill each num bered blank w ith ONE
suitable w ord. W rite your answ ers in the corresponding num bered box es provided. (0) has been
done as an ex am ple.
WHY COVID-19 WILL END UP HARMING THE ENVIRONMENT
Even though the air has been cleaner as a result of the global lockdowns, a more polluted future has been
brewing while we weren’t looking.
The popular notion that the COVID-19 pandemic has been “good for the environment” – that nature is
recovering while humanity stays at home – appeals (0) _____ many people grasping for some upside to the global
tragedy. Reality, (46) _____, may not cooperate with such hopes.
The benefits many found heartening early on – from cleaner air to birdsong newly audible as cars and
planes went quiet – were always likely to be (47)_____. And with lockdowns easing, they have already begun to
dissipate. Now, some experts fear that the world (48) _____ a future with more traffic, more pollution, and climate
change that worsens faster than ever. It’s too soon to know (49) _____ that gloomy scenario will play out, but
concerning signs seem to be growing all around the world.
In early April, with shutdowns widespread, daily global carbon (50) _____ were down by 17
percent compared to last year. But as of June 11, new data show that they are only about 5 percent lower than at
the same point in 2019, even though normal activity has not yet (51) _____ restarted.
Hints of a dirty recovery in China
As the first country to shut down when the virus hit, and one of the (52) _____ to start reopening, China’s
experience offers a preview of (53) _____ could be in store elsewhere. The dramatic air quality improvements
seen as manufacturing and transportation largely came to a halt in February and March have now vanished.
As factories pushed to make (54) _____ for lost time, pollution returned in early May to pre-coronavirus
levels, and in some places surpassed them for a short time, although it’s fallen back a bit since. Meanwhile,
provincial officials desperate for the economic boost that comes with any construction are giving the go-ahead to
a raft of new coal-fired power plants, says Lauri Myllyvirta, lead analyst at the Helsinki-based Center for Research
on Energy and Clean Air, which reported the pollution data from China. That will lock in big future health and
climate problems (55) _____ the new plants go forward, since such infrastructure tends to be used for many
years, experts warn.
Your answ ers: 0. to
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

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Part 2. Read the follow ing passage and do the tasks that follow .
ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE
The theory of natural selection, proposed by Charles Darwin almost 150 years ago, hypothesizes that
organisms with traits that give them a survival advantage tend to live longer and produce more offspring. Over
many thousands of years of evolution, those beneficial characteristics dominate the gene pool. Animals that use
camouflage to conceal themselves from their enemies, predator and prey alike, provide a classic example of
natural selection at work. Creatures with some type of protective coloring pass along the genes responsible, with
each generation fine-tuning them along the way, eventually providing the most effective coloring for their
environment and lifestyle. Scientists have described four types of camouflage that animals use: background
matching, disruptive coloration, countershading, and mimicry.
From dirt-colored chipmunks and gophers to leaf-green praying mantises and tree frogs to ocean-gray
mackerel and sharks, all sorts of wildlife use background matching, also known as crypsis, to blend in with their
surroundings. Some animals have the ability to alter their coloring as their environment changes seasonally or as
they change locations. The arctic fox and the snowshoe hare both have white winter fur that matches the snow and
ice around them, but a brown pelt in warmer weather blends in with their woodland environs. Some reptiles and
fish can alter their surface appearance instantly as they move from place to place. The green anole lizard changes
from green to brown as it travels among leaves and branches, whereas the flounder and other types of flatfish are
able to match not just the color but also the silty or mottled sandy texture of the ocean floor beneath them.
Most animals, though, cannot change their appearance so easily. Because background matching works
only for a specific setting and often requires animals to remain motionless for long periods, a somewhat more
effective strategy involves having a camouflage that works on many backgrounds, blending in with all, but not
perfectly matching any of them.
Disruptive coloration uses a pattern such as stripes or spots to disrupt the body’s outline. The pattern
breaks up the contour of the animal’s body, confusing observers and making it difficult to distinguish an individual
shape. Colors with more contrast, like a tiger’s stripes, tend to increase the disruptive effect. This type of
camouflage works well for animals that travel in herds. It helps zebras blend in not so much with their background
as with each other. Their major predator, the lion, sees a mass of moving stripes and has trouble targeting a
specific animal. A single zebra, on the other hand, may use background matching when hiding in tall grass, where
its black and white stripes merge with the green and yellow stalks. The different colors of the grasses and zebra are
no help to a lion, which is color-blind.
Animals with countershading typically have a dark backside and a light belly, which affect an onlooker’s
perception of their three-dimensional appearance and help decrease their visibility in sunlight. Countershading also
can create a more uniformly dark appearance, presenting an apparent lack of depth. Caterpillars make good use
of this effect, which gives them a flat look that blends in with tree bark.
Countershading is useful to birds and marine animals that are typically seen against a light environment
from below and against dark surroundings from above. Predatory birds like hawks take advantage of it to conceal
themselves from the small birds and rodents they hunt. While in flight, a dark back absorbs the sunlight above
them and a light underside reflects the light below, diminishing telltale shadows that might give them away. On the
ground or in a tree, their mottled brown feathers blend in with branches and leaves. Penguins also use
countershading. Their white chests and black backs stand out on land but disappear in water where penguins
spend most of their time. They are almost invisible to an observer looking down into dark water, while a creature
in deeper water looking up sees a splash of white that looks like a beam of sunlight.
Mimicry, or masquerading, works not by hiding a creature but by making it appear to be something else.
Walking stick insects are virtually indistinguishable from twigs, and katydids look so much like green leaves that
leaf-eating insects have been observed trying to chew on them.
A type of mimicry known as aposematism involves masquerading as an animal that is undesirable or even
dangerous. Predators bypass the foul-tasting monarch butterfly, but they also avoid the tasty look-alike viceroy
butterfly. Coral snake impersonators, like the harmless scarlet snake, have the same red, black, and yellow bands
but in a different order: black, yellow, red, yellow on the coral snake and red, black, yellow, black on the scarlet
snake. Different types of moths use aposematism to scare off predators; some species have a big spot on each
wing to mimic the eyes of a large animal, while the hawk moth caterpillar has a pattern on its rear that looks like
a snake head.
Some predators use what is known as aggressive mimicry to disguise themselves as something harmless
so they can catch prey off guard. Small animals are not afraid of turkey vultures, which are scavengers, not
predators. So when the similar zone-tailed hawk flies with a group of turkey vultures, it has an easy time locating
and zeroing in on its living prey.
No single type of camouflage works best in all situations, and many animals use more than one technique
to enhance their ability to avoid detection by predator and prey alike.
Questions 56-64. Com plete the sum m ary below . Choose NO M ORE THAN THREE W ORDS from the
passage for each answ er. W rite your answ ers in the corresponding num bered box es provided.
Camouflage helps animals hide from both (56) _____. Animals pass on their (57) _____ through their
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genes. There are four different types of camouflage. In background matching, an animal’s appearance helps it
(58) _____ with its environment. The arctic fox and snowshoe hare are examples of animals that (59) _____ with
the seasons. However, not all animals can easily change their appearance. Many use a different strategy, having
camouflage that helps them disguise themselves (60) _____. Animals with disruptive coloration have marking
such as (61) _____ that make it difficult for a predator to discern the shape of the body. Therefore, the predator
has a hard time targeting one animal out of a group. Although zebras are black and white, they can hide in tall grass
because their major predator is (62) _____. (63) _____ is a type of camouflage that helps hide animals that are
seen from above or below. Penguins, for example, have (64) _____, which help them blend in with the dark water
from the point of view of an observer standing above.
Your answ ers:
56. 57. 58.
59. 60. 61.
62. 63. 64.

Questions 65-68. Do the follow ing statem ents agree w ith the inform ation in the passage? I n the
num bered box es provided, w rite
TRUE if the statem ent agrees w ith the inform ation
FALSE if the statem ent contradicts the inform ation
NOT GI VEN if there is no inform ation on this
65. The walking stick insect looks like a small stick.
66. The viceroy butterfly is similar in appearance to the monarch butterfly.
67. The scarlet snake is extremely poisonous.
68. The hawk moth caterpillar is brightly colored.
Your answ ers:
65. 66. 67. 68.

Part 3. For questions 69-75, read a new spaper article about happiness in w hich seven paragraphs
have been rem oved. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one w hich fits each gap. There is ONE
ex tra paragraph w hich you do not need to use. W rite your answ ers in the corresponding num bered
box es provided.
HAPPY AS YOUR GENES ALLOW
The true key to happiness, says researcher David Lykken, lies in our genes. To many of us, this notion
might seem absurd. Humans seem to be on an emotional roller coaster, the ups and downs of which often appear
to be determined by fate. We feel good when we win an award or make a new friend, bad when we have to face
one of life’s inevitable setbacks.
69. _____
Likken’s interest in happiness was sparked by his earlier research into its possible determinants. Scientists
have tried for years to identify a link between contentment and marital status, socioeconomic position, professional
success and other factors. Yet they invariably come up empty handed. ‘I was intrigued by the way that things like
beauty, wealth and status never seemed to make much difference,’ says Lykken, a semi-retired professor at the
university of Minnesota.
70. _____
As part of the comprehensive research on the siblings, Lykken had asked his subjects a range of questions
about how happy they felt. He decided to revisit those studies to see if he could establish a genetic connection. The
results, says Lykken, were surprising. He found a very high correlation between happiness and genes as revealed
by the similarities in the twins’ responses to questions, irrespective of whether they had been raised together or
apart.
71. _____
Nine years on, therefore, he decided to ask the same subjects the same questions. The evidence Lykken
found suggested that their contentment was 90 per cent genetic. Both a twin’s previous responses and those made
almost a decade later enabled the answers of the other twin to be predicted with a high level of accuracy. Lykken’s
first reaction was to label the pursuit of happiness as a futile exercise.
72. _____
In his own life, Lykken concentrates on completing small tasks that give him a great deal of satisfaction.
‘I’ve just spent the morning writing, which is something I like and that I’m pretty good at,’ he says. ‘This afternoon,
I’ll bake some loaves of bread, because I need that for my morning toast. I just discovered that the American
Psychological Association wants to give me an award, and that makes me feel good, but maybe not as good as that
daily baking.’
73. _____
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 The demeanour of those we live with is another vital factor. Teenagers with happy parents tend to be
happy themselves. It’s not until they leave home that they find their own set point. Likewise, a husband or wife’s
inner contentment has a large bearing on that of their spouse. Marrying an upbeat person is probably the best
mood enhancer around.
74. _____
In the science fiction work Brave New World, for example, people who took ‘happy pills’ were incapable of
seeing life as it truly was. Fans of Woody Allen, the perpetually depressed actor and film maker, will remember the
scene in the film Annie Hall in which he asks a strolling couple why they are so happy. ‘Because we are so shallow
and mindless,’ they reply.
75. _____
Lykken is sceptical. ‘Even if you can speak their language, they might not have the same psychological
vocabulary for expressing how they feel at any given moment,’ he says. Lykken refuses to believe that there is any
correlation between the state of a society’s technical or intellectual development and personal happiness. In fact,
he argues that good humour is probably favoured by evolution. The gloomiest probably don’t do very well in the
romance stakes,’ he theorises. ‘So, as a human race, we’re probably getting slightly happier over time.’

A. ‘Then I began to ask myself whether those findings may have been influenced by how people were feeling on
a certain day – if they had just cut themselves, for example, or had trouble finding a parking space,’ he says.
В. Lykken also advocates control of anger as another regular way of boosting happiness quotients. ‘People would
rather feel anger than feel scared,’ he says. ‘When we are angry we feel strong, but in the long run, I believe
it’s more harmful to happiness than anything else.’
С. The surest way to do this, Lykken believes, is to lose sight of our purpose in life. He described the case of a
Californian firefighter – the patient of a friend – who recently retired from the service and quickly became
depressed. His mood picked up quickly when he discovered that many widows in the neighbourhood needed
to have things fixed round the house.
D. Some philosophers question whether humans should actually be seeking such happiness inducing
arrangements in the first place. Joy is sometimes associated with ignorance, they argue, causing happy people
to ‘see the world through rose-tinted glasses’.
E. According to Lykken, however, each person possesses a ‘happiness set point’ – the level of contentment to
which we return after the impact of such specific events is absorbed. While humans teeter wildly around that
point during their lives, experiencing moments of extreme elation or depression, in the long run they gravitate
back to their pre-set happiness level.
F. ‘I said at the time that trying to be happier might be the same as trying to be taller,’ he recalls, but he no
longer views his research in that light. While the individual’s sense of well-being might be 90 per cent
predetermined, people still have substantial leeway to control their emotions. Lykken believes humans can –
and should – aim to achieve happiness slightly above their pre-set level.
G. In the late 1990s, the psychologist realised that he might be able to shed some further light on the subject.
‘That was a happy moment,’ he jokes. Over a long period of time, Lykken had been following the progress of
300 pairs of identical twins. Identical twins help scientists differentiate between the effects of the environment
and heredity. Because twins’ genetic make-up is the same, small differences between them argue in favour of
heredity. Large divergencies point to the environment as the greater determining factor.
H. Some people would rule out even this possibility, insisting that happiness is inconsistent with modern times.
Contemporary lives are so stressful, they say, that joy becomes elusive. Primitive tribes are better off. We
should all feel nostalgic for ‘simpler’ times when we felt content with so much less.
Your answ ers:
69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

Part 4. For questions 76-81, read an introduction to a book about historical objects held in
m useum s and choose the answ er (A, B, C or D) w hich you think fits best according to the passage.
W rite your answ ers in the corresponding num bered box es provided.
A HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN 100 OBJECTS
In this book we travel back in time and across the globe, to see how we have shaped our world and been
shaped by it over the last two million years. The book tries to tell a history of the world in a way that has not been
attempted before, by deciphering the messages which objects communicate across time – messages about
peoples and places, environments and interactions, about different moments in history and about our own time as
we reflect upon it. These signals from the past – some reliable, sonic conjectural, many still to be retrieved – are
unlike other evidence we are likely to encounter. They speak of whole societies and complex processes rather than
individual events, and tell of the world for which they were made.
The history that emerges from these objects will seem unfamiliar to many. There are few well-known
dates, famous battles or celebrated incidents. Canonical events – the making of the Roman Empire, the Mongol
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destruction of Baghdad, the European Renaissance – are not centre stage. They are, however, present, refracted
through individual objects. Thus, in my chapter on the ancient inscribed tablet known as the Rosetta Stone, for
example, I show that it has played a starring role in three fascinating stories: as a legal document in ancient
Egyptian times; as a trophy during the rivalry between the French and the British; and finally as a key to the
decipherment of the ancient Egyptian writing system at the end of the 19th century.
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not unduly privilege one part of
humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had written records,
while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. The clearest example of this asymmetry between literate and
non-literate history is perhaps the first encounter between Europeans and Australian aboriginals. From the
European side we have eye-witness accounts and scientific reports. From the Australian side, we have only a
wooden shield dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was
actually going on that day, the shield must be interrogated and interpreted as deeply and as rigorously as the
written reports.
All so much easier said than done. Writing history from the study of texts is a familiar process, and we have
centuries of critical apparatus to assist our assessment of written records. We have learnt how to judge their
frankness, their distortions, their ploys. With objects, we do of course have structures of expertise –
archaeological, scientific, anthropological – which allow us to ask critical questions. But we have to add to that a
considerable leap of imagination, returning the artifact to its former life, engaging with it as generously, as
poetically, as we can in the hope of winning the insights it may deliver.
One of the characteristics of things is that they change – or are changed – long after they have been
created, taking on new meanings that could never have been imagined at the outset. A startlingly large number of
our objects bear on them the marks of later events. Sometimes this is merely the damage that comes with time,
or from clumsy excavation or forceful removal. But frequently, later interventions were designed deliberately to
change meaning or to reflect the pride or pleasures of new ownership. The object becomes a document not just of
the world for which it was made, but of the later periods which altered it.
History looks different depending on who you are and where you are looking from. So although all these
objects in the book are now in museums, it deliberately includes many different voices and perspectives. It draws
on the museums’ own experts, but it also presents research and analysis by leading scholars from all over the
world, as well as comments by people who deal professionally with objects similar to those discussed. This book
also includes voices from the communities or countries where the objects were made, as only they can explain
what meanings these things still carry in their homeland. Countries and communities around the world are
increasingly defining themselves through new readings of their history, and that history is frequently anchored in
such things. So a museum is not just a collection of objects: it is an arena where such issues can be debated and
contested on a global scale.
76. What claim does the author make about his book in the first paragraph?
A. It benefits from new evidence that has not been available to previous historians.
B. It looks at history from the point of view of society rather than individuals.
C. It approaches the interpretation of the past from a novel perspective.
D. It re-evaluates the significance of certain events.
77. The Rosetta Stone serves as an example of an object _____.
A. whose meaning has been re-interpreted many times
B. whose significance has changed over time
C. which has been fought over for many reasons
D. which explains key events over various historical periods
78. The author believes that basing a history of the world on texts alone _____.
A. leads to too many interpretations B. distorts oral versions of history
C. fails to take account of cultural difference D. results in a biased view of history
79. The author says that compared to the interpretation of texts, the interpretation of objects calls for _____.
A. a greater level of intuition B. more specialized historical background
C. a more analytical approach D. greater attention to detail
80. What is the author’s attitude to the fact that objects often change over time?
A. He welcomes this as a further layer of significance.
B. He regrets that so many objects have been accidentally damaged.
C. He believes that this makes it easier to judge the importance of the object.
D. He deplores the fact that people have deliberately altered ancient artifacts.
81. Why does the author include comments from people who live in the area where the object was made?
A. They can throw light on its original function. B. They have the skills needed to re-create it.
C. They help us see it in its wider cultural context. D. They feel ideas related to it have been neglected.
Your answ ers:
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81.

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Part 5. Read an article about arts aw ards cerem onies and do the task that follow s.
AND THE WINNER IS …
In various branches of the arts and entertainment, the annual awards ceremony is now a key event.
TV audiences love moments of revelation and few match the one when it all goes quiet, save for the rustle
of an envelope and the words: ‘And the winner is …’ Awards shows work every time because they invite drama,
controversy and stellar performances, even if it’s only a famous person tripping on the stairs or unwittingly
snubbing a rival in an acceptance speech. Meanwhile the shows are selling both a product and TV itself. But when
the organizer’s priority is maximizing the celebrity factor, the result may be deals struck behind the scenes, possibly
at the expense of the recognition of new or genuine talent.
The one awards event that has maintained its reputation as above such manipulation is also the most
prestigious: Hollywood’s Academy Awards or Oscars as they are more commonly known. The voting system used
is complex, with most technical categories being decided by one branch (i.e. the cinematographers’ branch votes
for nominees for best cinematography, etc.) and then the general membership (between 5,000 and 7,000) voting
on the final nominations list to determine the bigger categories. The process is overseen by a firm of accountants
and nobody knows they’ve won until the envelope is opened. Genuinely. And it is precisely because
the Oscars remain inviolate that film companies instead concentrate their promotional tactics on rival events like
the Golden Globes which are strategically staged during the Academy’s voting period and in recent years have
played a key role in alerting Academy voters to which films they should try to see. The event’s ability to predict,
even pre-empt, the outcome of the larger prize has increased its own standing.
A jury system, is used to pick the winner of awards like the Booker Prize in literature and the Mercury
Music Prize, the latter having a floating panel of ‘the great and the good’ under a permanent chairperson. This
approach has been adopted by other prestige awards shows with varying degrees of conviction. The Mercury
Prize has built the standing it enjoys today on a reputation for the utmost integrity. It’s routinely described as the
most honorable of music awards shows, the industry’s equivalent in status to the Oscars – and on first look, the
voting methods would seem to bear that view out. The Mercurys work on the basis that only two types of music
exist: good and bad. In this way its judges, who sift through upwards of 400 CDs each year, seek to compare
modern classical, jazz, folk, pop, rock, hip hop, soul and all the sub-divisions of heavy metal. The nominations work
like this: an independent panel of judges selects the 12 albums of the year and then meets again on the night of
the show in September, to choose the overall winner of the prize. ‘The music is the only thing the judges discuss’
– or so the story goes. But while it trades on eclecticism, the Mercury is, at its heart, tokenist. The classical and
folk and jazz albums are included every year, but never seem to win.
Experienced committee chairpersons rarely ask for a vote without first ensuring the outcome. The
chairman of the Turner Prize jury, instituted in 1984 to promote contemporary art, officially has no more power
in terms of awarding the prize than anyone else on the panel, though nobody believes this. The manipulation with
the Turner, according to Tracey Emin who was shortlisted in 1999 for her work entitled My Bed, is there in the
in-crowd nature of art. In Emin’s take on the process, the four judges nominate four individuals they want to win.
Then one judge says: ‘I’m not having person X on the shortlist – over my dead body.’ The second one replies: ‘In
that case, you can’t have so-and-so,’ and so on until you end up with a watered-down list of artists, that at least
none of them objects to – but they may not be the artists any of the judges originally wanted. And of course, as
with any prize awarded by a panel of judges, the organizers are free to select the judges who’ll give them the kind
of winner they want.
Former judge Erica Wagner says the way in which the Booker Prize winner is chosen is ‘part literature,
part horse-trading, part personal chemistry’. The prize was set up in 1969 to encourage an interest in
contemporary quality fiction, and aims to reward the best novel of the year. Judges are selected from critics,
writers and academics and the winner receives £50,000 and a guaranteed worldwide audience. A panel of five or
six experts shortlist around 120 titles – often complaining bitterly about having to read all of them within tight
deadlines. But the Booker is probably the most important marketing tool for literary fiction in English, and
publishers are only allowed to submit two books each, plus any by a previous winner. Fine, you might think. But
some well-known authors are asking for a ‘must submit’ clause in their book contracts which means the publisher’s
choice is further reduced. Less obvious authors can only hope to get on the list via hint and hype.
Answ er the questions 82-95. W rite your answ ers (A, B, C, D or E) in the corresponding num bered
box es provided.
A. the Booker Prize B. the Golden Globes C. the Mercury Prize
D. the Oscars E. the Turner Prize
Which of the five awards above
82. is said to put its judges under a degree of time pressure?
83. is decided following a compromise amongst its judges?
84. is seen as influencing the outcome of a more highly-regarded event?
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85. is judged according to a complicated procedure?
86. is becoming less accessible to new talent?
87. is judged by a group of leading authorities in the industry?
88. is favorably compared to an award in another industry?
89. is strongly influenced by one individual amongst the judges?
90. is monitored by a body which is not directly involved in the industry?
91. is affecting the agreements that potential winners have with companies?
92. is able to keep its results completely confidential until the ceremony itself?
93. is able to rely on specialist knowledge when drawing up certain shortlists?
94. is said to benefit from a careful choice of timing?
95. is organized so that final decisions are not made in advance of the event?
Your answ ers:
82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.
89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95.
IV. WRITING (60 points)
Part 1. Use your ow n w ords to sum m arize in N OT M ORE THAN 160 W ORDS the argum ent that peer
influence is m ore im portant than parental influence in a child’s developm ent. W rite your answ er in
the space provided.
Most psychologists have said that children’s behavior is largely influenced by genes and parent’s
upbringing. Freud the psychologist placed parents at the centre of the child’s universe.
Genes are responsible for 50% of our behavior. This conclusion was the result of years of study by
behavioral scientists. People are nervous, friendly, unsociable and so on because of their genes. Therefore the
other half of a person’s character must be due to the home environment shaped by the parents. `That was how I
was raised!’ is a common response.
Yet researchers have not been able to find conclusive evidence of this parental influence. Nervous parents
do not always have nervous children, and confident parents do not necessarily have confident children. In other
words, it is not always true that children turn out according to the way they are raised.
There is a new theory that gives a different view of how a child’s personality is shaped. It is shaped more
by the child’s peers than his parents. Growing children try to distance themselves from the adults in their home
environment. They are more interested in keeping up with other children than copying their parents. They want to
be like others in their age group. They are influenced by their peers where food, clothes, language and other
aspects are concerned. A child who refuses to eat his spinach would often do so if he sees another child accepting
the spinach. Mothers who try to set an example by eating spinach heartily often fail to persuade their children to
eat the hated vegetable.
Sometimes growing children are not accepted by their peers. They become miserable when this happens.
A survey showed that 9% of the adolescents questioned blamed their parents for their unhappiness. More than
33% blamed their peers. If this observation is true, then parental influence is less important than what it was
thought to be.
Children learn a lot about growing up from their peers. What children pick up from other children is as
important if not more important than what they pick up at home. What is the evidence for this?
There are several examples of children being different from expectations. Surveys of children of
immigrants show that the majority of them do not speak with their parents’ accents. Other surveys show that
children of deaf mute parents learn how to speak as well as children whose parents speak to them from the day
they were born. Adopted children develop few traits similar to their adoptive parents and in different directions
from their natural born siblings in spite of being raised in the same way.
Other observations stress on how children behave differently when they are at home from when they are
in school. Negative behavior at home does not mean negative behavior at school. Children who refuse to do the
smallest chores at home could bring home school reports praising them for being helpful in school. The ones who
are timid at home are quite capable of being in control or even aggressive among friends.
Children are not as delicate as many believe them to be. They are not easily damaged by their parents’
mistakes. Furthermore, children can be cruel to one another. The world out there is tough for children. But they
find ways to adapt themselves to it.
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Part 2. The pie chart show s the percentage of w om en in poverty and the bar chart show s poverty
rates by sex and age. They are from the United States in 2010.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Women in poverty: family composition of household

26%

Single women with no dependent children

Married women with no dependent children

Married women with dependent children

54%
Single women with dependent children
12%

8%

Poverty rates by sex and age

25%

20%

15%
Men
10%
Women
5%

0%
17

p
4

4
5

-u
-2

-3

-4

-5

-5

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-7
r

5-
de

18

25

35

45

55

60

65

75
Un

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Part 3. W rite an essay of 350 w ords on the follow ing topic.
Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons and specific examples
to support your answer.
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