Tutorial 5

Name :
Group :

Answer all the questions

1. Who had proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

2. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance definition?
3. Referring to https://bit.ly/2JEBX7x, state the observations that support the
chromosome theory of inheritance.
4. Outline the experimental evidence linking the inheritance of genes to chromosome.
5. Propose and outline the experimental explanation which emphasize the non-
disjunction as a proof of chromosome theory.
6. Mendel established two principles of genetic transmission: (1) the alleles of a single
gene segregate from each other, and (2) the alleles of two different genes assort
independently. Explain these principles (as well as exceptions to them) in terms of the
meiotic behaviour of chromosome.
7. A mutant Drosophila male with prune-coloured eyes was crossed to a wild-type
female with red eyes. All the F1 offspring of both sexes had red eyes. When these
offspring were intercrossed, three different classes of F2 flies were produced: females
with red eyes, males with red eyes, and males with prune eyes. The males and females
were equally frequent in the F2, and among the males, the two eye colour classes were
equally frequent. Do these results suggest that the prune mutation is on the X
chromosome?
8. The discovery that human females are XX and that human males are XY suggested
that sex might be determined by the number of X chromosomes or by the presence or
absence of a Y chromosome. Describe the process of sex determination in humans.
Includes testis-determining factor (TDF) in your explanation.
9. Explain testicular feminization, a condition caused by an X-linked mutation, tfm,
which prevents the production of the testosterone receptor. Outline the pathway.
10. Explain two possible mechanisms on how do cells compensate having two X
chromosomes in females vs only one in males?
11. Cytological examination of the sex chromosomes in a man has revealed that he carries
an insertional translocation. A small segment has been deleted from the Y chromosome
and inserted into the short arm of the X chromosome; this segment contains the gene
responsible for male differentiation (SRY). If this man marries a karyotypically normal
woman, what types of progeny will the couple produce?
12. In grasshoppers, rosy body colour is caused by a recessive mutation; the wild-type
body colour is green. If the gene for body colour is on the X chromosome, what kind
of progeny would be obtained from a mating between a homozygous rosy female and
a hemizygous wild-type male? (In grasshoppers, females are XX and males are XO.)
 Tutorial 6

Name :
Group :

Answer all the questions

1. Geneticists study chromosome number and structure by staining dividing cells with
certain dyes and then examining them with a microscope. Outline the preparation
steps of cells for cytological analysis.
2. How do you tell if a karyotype is male or female?
3. A species has two pairs of chromosomes, one long and the other short. Draw the
chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis. Show each chromatid. Are homologous
chromosomes paired?
4. What is polyploidy and how does polyploidy occur by giving appropriate example
and cross.
5. Plant species A shows 10 bivalents of chromosomes at metaphase of meiosis I; plant
species B shows 14 bivalents at this stage. The two species are crossed, and the
chromosomes in the offspring are doubled. (a) How many bivalents will be seen at
metaphase of meiosis I in the offspring? (b) Is the offspring expected to be fertile or
sterile?
6. What are the karyotypes of (a) a female with Down syndrome, (b) a male with trisomy
13, (c) a female with Turner syndrome, (d) a male with Klinefelter syndrome, (e) a male
with a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 11?
7. A plant species C, which has seven chromosomes in its gametes, was crossed with a
related species D, which has nine. The hybrids were sterile, and microscopic
observation of their pollen mother cells showed no chromosome pairing. A section
from one of the hybrids that grew vigorously was propagated vegetatively, producing
a plant with 32 chromosomes in its somatic cells. This plant was fertile. Explain.
8. Identify the sexual phenotypes of the following genotypes in humans: XX, XY, XO,
XXX, XXY, XYY.
9. A woman with X-linked colour blindness and Turner syndrome had a colour-blind
father and a normal mother. In which of her parents did nondisjunction of the sex
chromosomes occur?
10. Other chromosomes have sequences as follows: (a) 1 2 5 6 7 8; (b) 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8; (c) 1
2 3 4 5 8 7 6. What kind of chromosome change is present in each? Illustrate how these
chromosomes would pair with a chromosome whose sequence is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8.