1

miss

qporten

EEE

HEFEI

l B met
rosemited g
2 F

annitol

4 M

5

spironolactone
glomerulus

inhibitory 1

µ a anime

path anhydrase
a Tranter

carbonicpeatland pigtoffement

nnn


Hematologic

isorders

70

Bonemarrow 60 a
wise

7 iii
tissues

oLymphatic

maythmond venaea
Ignisgland

super

lood those

endothelial
o Reticulo tissue

caramel lymph nodes

Body went
hit

o monocytes
my
peonage quidsand MN

tonsils organs

a Salmonella

92 890 sayin prone

fouler

up or
Adult
semi

th bleeding
percentage 55 sign of
gang

Plasma man

light

paleyellow water

91 7

Citron

solutes 2 prom

most

albumin

7 Bodyproduces serious

4 8am

cholesterol is produced

10pm 2am

Parentage

by volume

Blood cells 45

Formed elements

RBC Cao 120dm s

Ne 4 6 million com

WBC

Ne Se lo ion anic al

platelets 90 no dais

N 150,000

450,00

2 globins

a Alpha globulin transports stains hormone

iron and ferritin

b beta globulin transports staiods honors

or solute

C Gamma globulin immunoglobulins or IG

Antibodies

types GAMED

1
IgG most abundant of

all antibodies onlyantibody that passes

passive ad company to placenta

2
IgA onlyantibody that can be fund in all

bodily secretions

involved in an

3
IgM largest antibody

MtL Éatia of neutrophils

involved in
IgE

allogisIIatig

eosiniphils

Igp

5 involved in chronic

inflammation elevation

of monocytes a

macrophage of
the blood

3 Prothrombin and Fibrinogen

dotting factors responsible for preventing

bleeding


BLOODCELLS 45

ABC Biconcave no nucleus

transport o ad co

4 6millioncubic I

CoD PM
or her
in spleen

man ad is killed panicifferedity

pac

allergic
eosinophils

involvesphagocytosis Basophils
EEE

lifespan z y nom

3 Agrandoontes

b nongrantor CAgrander

monocytes

macrophage of blood

ter phagocytosis

Lymphocytes

B Foreman produce mounts



T fellmediated immunity outing

sage

Natal killercell

irrigated

ly

antigen

Burns

of Pond'm

STAGES is
emergent pianolas

1
W

potassium
10/15
2 s
eatings

complex
(continuation wound dressing)
Git

Di erent types of wound care

--->Sulfamilone most e ective

---> silvadine in most burns

---> Compartment syndrome will not relieved by

analgesics due to decrease blood ow ;

--> Less rejection ; dependent on total body surface

area burned and age of client

--> biosynthetics are widely used right now

--> lesser rejections

--> Autograft management

--> no detergents, no exposure to sunlight

--> due to mild preparation

**where does rehabilitation start and end on burns

injury? UPON WOUND CLOSURE and ENDS WHEN
PX RETURNS TO MAXIMUM ABILITY

--3rd Stage of BURN INJURY

--> o er emotion support due to disturbed body

image

--> severe erythema and itching

-->dexamethasone and prednisone are the most

common given oral corticosteriods for reactions

--> Lyme's disease caused by TIC (Borrelia

burgodorferi) Bacterial

---> Treatment is antibiotics

--> severe neuropathy could lead to presence of

pericarditis (which could lead to cardiac tamponade)

--> severe arthralgia

--> due to incubation from bite of the tick

--> tetracycline is common and clindamycin for sever

skin infections

**insert stages of pressure ulcers

IMMUNOLOGICAL
DISORDERS

---> B- Lymphocytes = Bone Marrow

--> T-Lymphocytes = THYMUS (near the lungs,

anterior of the sternum)

--> emergency given SUBCU (epinephrine)

--> ACTIVE NATURAL = measles, chix pox, mumps

--> ACTIVE ARTIFICIAL = Vaccines

--> Passive arti cial = anti-venom, anti rabies (goat

brains), anti tetanus (horse serum), anti measles
(chicken)

--> Passive natural = antibodies in milk breast

--> promotes vasodilation on histamine brings

bronchospasm, DOB, pulmonary edema

--> anaphylaxis is life threatening causes come from

bite from insect, use of latex, from intake of meds
and food (peanuts,eggs, berries,seafoods)

--> drug of choice epinephrine 0.3 - 0.5 SUBCU and

give anti histamine

-->wait 1 - 2 hours before giving benadryl then

corticosteriods simultaneously

--> from Transplanted organ can have cytotoxic

reactions.

--> examples are SLE (idiopathic or unknown,genetic,

auto-immune and environmental factors like sun
exposure)

--> Mantoux Test / Skin Test (30 minutes) involves

injection of PPD

--> according to WHO 5 - 10 mm INDURATION for 48

- 72 hours. it indicates previous exposure to tubercle
bacili and does not mean an acute or positive PTB.

--> common in young women (10x more than men)

--> could lead to miscarriage when pregnant since it

a ects all organs.

--> examples are SLE (idiopathic or unknown,genetic,

auto-immune and environmental factors like sun
exposure)

-->Sulfonamides: COTRIMOXASOLE (BACTRIM)

SULFISOXASOLE (GANTRISIN)
**can cause SLE

-->Phenytoin ( 10 - 19) 20 is already toxicity, not

allowed with alcohol, can cause gingivitis and hairy
tongue and can cause pancytopenia

--> genetic plus environmental triggers can lead to

APOPTOSIS then exposes DNA and other proteins
called anti-nuclear antigen then triggers the release of
antibodies leading to ANTI NUCLEAR ANTIBODY TO
ATTACK NORMAL CELLS then causes in ammation
to various organs

Dx Tests: Anti Nuclear Antibody test cannot con rm.

rheumatoid arthritis (R.A)

--> autoimmune = for unknown reason the body is producing your rheumatoid factor which will be
deposited in the joints which causes in ammation then causes increase in phagocytes in the joints.
That's why if there are high number of phagocytes that causes the release of proteolytic enzymes
(hydrolytic enzymes) which eats up the cartilage in the joints.

--> meds given is METHOTRAXATE and treatment is CHRYSOTHERAPY (involved giving of Gold salt
compounds like METHOTREXATE, HYDROCHLOROQUINE which helps decrease phagocytes which
lowers the release of proteolytic enzyme which leads to no joint crippling)

ANSWER: C.

-->common SE's coronal cloudiness

--> prone to get infections

--> common SE's crystaluria, so force uid is

advised.

--> presence of rashes in the skin is a sign of

immuncompromise

**if CD4 is <200 it means AIDS has developed

--> most common antiviral