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Workplaces As Learning Spaces - Conceptual and Empirical Insights
Workplaces As Learning Spaces - Conceptual and Empirical Insights
Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwiwat
Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok
This publication has been sponsored by the ASEM Education and Research Hub on Lifelong Learning
(www.dpu.dk/asem/).
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Chisholm, L. (2008): Re-‐contextualising learning in second modernity, in: Research in Post-
Compulsory Education, Vol. 13, 2, p. 140.
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
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Natasha Kersh Karen Evans
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Introduction: Researching Workplaces as Learning Spaces
Padma Ramsamy-Prat
Elina Maslo
Daiva Bukantaite
Annette Ostendorf
Areeya Rojvithee
We want to thank the ASEM LLL Hub for the financial grant for this paper collec-
tion and Eva Adelsberger-Höss for her help concerning the formatting process.
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Competence development
as workplace learning.
Decoding
the meanings of learning at work in Asia and Europe
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
The article focuses on the notion of the learning space at work, particularly
considering the relationships between work, learning, human agency and space. The
issue of recognising working spaces as contexts for learning has received much
attention in the educational debates of the past twenty years across a number of
countries worldwide, and in particular, in Asia and Europe (Chisholm et al, 2012).
The interpretation of the workplace as a site only for work and job-specific training
has been changing, and workplaces are now being acknowledged as sites for
learning in various configurations. The article draws on the notion of the learning
spaces at work, looking specifically at their structure, meaning and affordances in
different settings. In order to explore ways in which workplaces are experienced as
learning spaces the study employs the photo-participatory method. The method has
enabled practitioners to articulate what a learning space means for them, in ways
that contribute to both visualization and reflection. The cases, considered in this
article, demonstrate the way individuals construct their own working spaces,
discussing their particular strengths and limitations. The research has suggested
that different types of learning spaces (such as institutional or independent sector
settings) may play a significant part in enhancing the learning processes,
motivations and attitudes of employees within their workplaces. The article
considers views and perspectives from both independent specialists and institutional
teachers and researchers specifically reflecting on how the concept of space
influences their professional and personal development as well as life chances
within the workplace and beyond.
Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
microsystem
mesosystem
exosystem
macrosystem
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
For me, my working space has always been my learning space (well, ever
since I became involved in education anyway). This is because I consider
myself to be a professional learner. I get paid to teach and research at [a
University] but this all comes about through my own personal learning.
Also, I do a lot of my work from home, because, although I have wonderful
colleagues who are an absolute pleasure to work with, we have a shared
space for 5 desks in my office, and it's not always easy to concentrate when
there are several of us in the same space, all holding different
conversations. [interview with a university researcher]
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With new technologies, many conversations take place today over the
internet. And those technologies help us develop and curate Personal
Learning Networks. Yet face to face conversations can be more animated
informal and allow wider ranging conversations. It is notable that many
people say the best learning at conferences and meetings take place in the
coffee breaks and in the evenings. Sometimes I contact people in advance to
meet up for a chat. Other times such meetings happen by chance.
Sometimes meetings are with friends I have met and worked with before,
sometimes with more distant contacts. And sometimes they are with friends
and family through internet and other means of communication. [interview
with an independent IT consultant]
There are always students who are very weak academically and I spend
half my time trying to teach, find methods for getting them to be much more
academic in how they work. So for example now I don’t do the chalk and
talk because they just don’t listen, just don’t listen, so I give them all the
answers, and all the questions and all the answers are up there on Moodle.
[interview with an IT college tutor]
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
I bought one book this year, and then I went and asked my line manager for
some more. […] I said ‘can we get some more books’, she said ‘oh OK’. So
she spoke to the PA who was sitting beside her and said ‘how much have
we got in the budget’, she said ‘£3 or £4’. OK. So I guess my learning’s
going to be online!. [interview with an IT college tutor]
additional capability
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Like many, I am a terrible procrastinator, and I do my best work
against hard deadlines. That often means working late into the night.
As a student I never started studying before 10pm – my studying was
soundtracked by John Peel – and I still feel this is when I am at my
most focused. I can use late night sessions to finish work, but also to
break the back of a problem – so that I can be in control of timescales
further down the line.
In a big project like Learning layers which has some 20 partners and is
organised in different work teams developing different applications to
support informal learning, it means you have to appreciate and understand
the work of others in order to explain it to visitors. And with the barcamp
and posters sessions [at an international conference] we developed spaces
for informal learning within the conference. The bar camp – an
unconference session – allowed participants to put forward their own ideas
for discussions and exploration in a series of round tables. Participants
were active and motivated, unlike the usually passive engagement in formal
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
in, for and through
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
American Psychologist,
Economic
Management, (10)
Studies in Continuing
Education
Improving workplace
learning
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in Mulder, M (ed.) Competence-based Vocational and
Professional Education, Volume 23 of the series Technical and Vocational
Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects pp. 317-335.
In:
Brooks et al (eds) ‘Changing Spaces of Education: New Perspectives on the
Nature of Learning. Routledge: 137-158
Power/Knowledge. Selected Interviews and Other Writings
1972-1977
Creating
and using knowledge: an analysis of the differentiated nature of workplace
learning environments. British Educational Research Journal,
In: R.
Brooks et al (eds) Changing Spaces of Education: New Perspectives on the
Nature of Learning, Routledge: 182-204
Kersh, N. (2015).
Experiential Learning
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Exploring working places and self generated learning spaces
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
In recent literature, the concept of learning spaces has been fruitfully applied to a
number of research areas. It is this concept that shall be used to describe how
mutual and collective learning and innovative ideas can be facilitated within
transnational and transdisciplinary networks and projects in which physical, virtual,
affective and cognitive contributions of single researchers and research groups span
a net of overlapping learning spaces created around a mutual research interest.
Such enterprises typically take place in a variety of spaces, and – beyond the
member’s workplaces – at non-places in particular. The authors provide some
evidence for how a concept of learning spaces, and according theoretical
frameworks, can provide added value for the purpose of identifying and reflecting
on challenges typically met and opportunities unexpectedly created in the attempt to
make transnational and multi-professional collaboration work. Their contribution
highlights some preconditions of building trust among the researchers; means to
foster and to maintain their commitment to a common research enterprise; key
issues to consider when forming and expanding the network; the role and
significance of communication and of shared norms.
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VIRTUAL COGNITIVE
SOCIAL
PHYSICAL AFFECTIVE
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4
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Non-places. Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity.
American Journal of
Sociology
AI & Society
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Transdisciplinarity: recreating
integrated knowledge
Internationalising Higher Education
Framework.
Psychological
Bulletin
Transdisciplinarity:
recreating integrated knowledge
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
2
‘Adult learning professionals’ and ‘adult educators’ are used synonymously in this article to refer to
all types of teachers, trainers, coaches and counsellors of adults (over the age of 26).
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
Bio-psychological
- personality Emotions Organisation (cultural)
- education
- values / beliefs
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5
The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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N oticing things
C ollecting things
T hinking about things
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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Topic Characteristic Home Desk at Lecture or ‘On the
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(Code) place work training move’
room
Spatial 5 5 7 2
Identification 8 0 0 0
‘Safe’ 5 0 0 0
Moment of learning
Ownership 8 0 0 0
At hand (materials) 4 1 0 1
Quietness 6 0 1 1
Focus 5 1 1 1
Interaction (social) 0 10 11 3
Regulating (obstacles) 5 8 5 4
Regulating (strategy) 7 3 3 1
Functionality 8 2 0 0
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One adult learning professional did not take a picture of a learning moment ‘on the move’ in this
study. The category ‘on the move’ was actually (in the photographs) somewhat different from the
definition of Felstead and Jewson (2012) and not so ‘mobile’ (travelling). It usually concerned
other workplaces in the vicinity of the desk at work.
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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Topic Characteristic Home Desk at Lecture or ‘On the move’
(Code) place work training
room
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One adult learning professional did not take a picture of a learning moment ‘on the move’ in this
study. The category ‘on the move’ was actually (in the photographs) somewhat different from the
definition of Felstead and Jewson (2012) and not so ‘mobile’ (travelling). It usually concerned
other workplaces in the vicinity of the desk at work.
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This outcomes topic was only mentioned in a negative sense. Other topics were mentioned as
positive or negative by different participants (see for example, well-being, ‘desk at work’).
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6,5
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7,5
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8,5
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9,5
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De
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at
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or
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in
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‘O
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m
ov
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Autonomy
Engagement
The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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Topic Characteristic Home Desk at Lecture/ ‘On the move’
(Code) place work training
room
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One adult learning professional did not take a picture of a learning moment ‘on the move’ in this
study. The category ‘on the move’ was actually (in the photographs) somewhat different from the
definition of Felstead and Jewson (2012) and not so ‘mobile’ (travelling). It usually concerned
other workplaces in the vicinity of the desk at work.
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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The experience of adult learning professionals with work places as learning spaces
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
art
The research develops the cases of two young professionals working at the
communication department at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Cnam
in Paris. The focus is placed on their learning practices at work and description of
their subjective experiences. Although the results show some similarities in the
learning process, there are nevertheless other characteristics that appear behind the
scene. Indeed, their actions tend to show individuals performing an art where
strategies and tactics (de Certeau, 1990) are carried out. Moreover, the need to
learn about the job conveys a positive image of the individuals who appear pleasant
and helpful. Besides, space used for learning becomes a space for creativity,
intelligence and art.
art
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Learning at work is specific
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Developing creativity in space
consumer
mêtis
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Non-verbal gestures
Speech gestures
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work
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Pictures framed
Phase1.
Phase2.
Phase3.
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Two interviewees
Learning examples
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Characteristics for learning
voilà
Voilà
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9
metis
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ComUE : in France, Community of Universities
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Positive image and professional identity
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La geste formation. Gestes professionnels et analyse des pratiques
Action science
On organizational learning
Les apprentissages professionnels informels
Les savoirs d’action. Une mise en mot des
compétences
Workplace Learning in
Context
Learning through practice.
Apprentissage et formation des adultes
L’expression de la pensée d’un homme politique
Social science
information
Le discours en interaction.
Situated learning. Legitimate peripheral participation
Education Permanente
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Anthropologie et sociologie
La communication
interpersonnelle en formation. Usages, effets et enjeux
Le savoir relationnel du pharmacien. Scènes, discours et
micro-actes professionnels.
L’entretien d’explicitation.
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
This article is based on the empirical material collected when piloting new
methodology in the study on working places as learning spaces. The article deals
with different perceptions of learning and illustrates how different understandings of
learning are constructed by two employees working at the same workplace. Using
categories of spatial analysis the article show a hybrid space – a space when work
and life meet each other and create new dynamics and inspirations for learning.
“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
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“The B&B-House – only 30 minutes from Copenhagen”
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
(“The
B&B-House”
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
“The B&B-House”
Your hostess Eva says: My husband and I have always travelled a lot –
together and separately, all over the world. Curiosity and open minds
combined with our language capabilities have given us a lot of good friends
in many countries. Though we love to travel abroad, we also take the time
to visit friends in our beautiful Denmark – and we have always welcomed
guests in our home in Karlstrup Village.”
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“Information for the participants: Please take some pictures of those
situations where you are thinking: “I am learning!” or “I have learned!”
or similar. You can choose the …”
Elina
Eva
Asger
Eva
Elina complicated
laughs
Eva
is saying this to
Asger
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
Eva
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
Here, you gradually learn about places where dust settles the most.
It is always in the corners. Dirt always lies in the corners, under the bed…
Much of
learning happened here around the computer
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small dust bunnies. And so it is done. It is much faster, and it is easy to
carry. Therefore, we bought the second vacuum cleaner. I learned it when I
was carrying the old one all the time.
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
It happened right there! (points at the bed) Yes, right there on the pillow
(laughs). Right on the pillow. Because I have learned... I have learned it,
then re-learned, and then learned again. Because in the beginning, we did
it, we put a little Mon Chéri chocolate on the pillow. It was sweet and nice.
People were actually happy about it. Then we thought, maybe it is too
expensive. It costs about 3- 4 Danish krona every time. So we stopped
doing it. But now we began to do this again. We thought that it is stupid not
to do this. No problem with those 3-4 krona. So… I have learned, then I
have re-learned, and I have learned it again (laughs). Now we are placing
a small chocolate on the pillows again
1
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“I have learned – It is about something that happened in the past!”
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
The article describes learning places at workplaces identified and recognised by the
university administrators. In the process of the qualitative research, during the
participatory photo interview, workplaces and spaces of processes and human
learning were identified that were expanded by the individuality, emotional accent,
routine, fact, “hot event“, peer assistance, social partner initiatives and alumni
input subcategories. University administrators see learning in the workplace not as
an indispensable activity when striving to accomplish a given task, but as a
component of the task performance process.
The aim of the research:
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Data collection
Research sample
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Research ethics.
Research limitations
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A subcategory: Individuality
1
Subcategory: Emotional highlights
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Subcategory: Routine
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Subcategory: Facts
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Subcategory: Hot events
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Subcategory: Peer assistance
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Subcategory: The initiatives of social partners
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1
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
In this article we consider learning spaces as the relations between the practices
within the space; the material things such as tools, the ways of thinking, the
discourses, the doings, sayings and historicity of these practices, the individual
biographies of those participating in the learning space. Additionally learning
spaces interact with; indeed have embedded within them doings and sayings,
discourses, affordances and constraints of the contexts which are also constituted by
these dynamic interactions. We use two case studies from a research project
conducted in Singapore on, ‘Assessment for the changing nature of work’ to explore
how the learning spaces mediate learning and assessment.
Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
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to
with
Summative assessment
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
Formative assessment,
Sustainable assessment
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Certified What each Case
Case Accrediting Duration Assessment activities highlights for
body Assessment
Workplace
learning
facilitators
New
promotional
menu items
Rota
commander
Resident
doctor
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
Aircraft
engineer
IT Network
Engineers
1
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
1
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
1
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Ways in which learning spaces mediate learning and assessment
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
8
PEARL (in German: Praktikanten/innen erforschen ihr Arbeiten und Lernen) is funded by the
Austrian Ministry of Economics, Research and Science within the Sparkling Science program from
2015–2017 and is conducted by the business education unit at the University of Innsbruck,
Austria. For details see https://www.uibk.ac.at/projects/pearl/projektbeschreibung.html.en
16
Dimension PEARL internship characteristics
Payment
Working hours
Institutional context
Evaluation modus
Academic requirements
Arrangement parties
Transparency of duties
Work format
Faculty sponsor/mentor
Work sponsor/mentor
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Opening learning spaces for business interns
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Opening learning spaces for business interns
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Opening learning spaces for business interns
They
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part of a team
1
Opening learning spaces for business interns
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Opening learning spaces for business interns
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Opening learning spaces for business interns
äd
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
9
The author is grateful to Prof Dr. Karen Evans for her guidance, advice and editing of this article.
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Annette Ostendorf, Chompoonuh K. Permpoonwi at (Eds.):
Workplaces as Learning Spaces – conceptual and empirical insights
© 2017 innsbruck university press
ISBN 978-3-903122-73-4, DOI 10.15203/3122-73-4
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This volume is focused on workplaces as learning spaces. It is the fourth volume of
Asian and European researchers carrying out common or related work in the field of
workplace learning. They are organised in the ASEM Lifelong Learning research net-
work, which was established in 2005 and includes members from 14 countries in Asia
and Europe. The research network is enhancing a vivid exchange of knowledge and
ideas on workplace learning across different countries, cultures and continents and
it conducts research agreed on common concepts. The contributions in this volume
comprise in many cases empirical data gained by combining different qualitative re-
search methods, including visual methods. The work of all researchers and research
teams in this paper collection is dedicated to throw light on the phenomenon of work-
places as learning spaces, and to explain different facets of meaning, processes and
structure related to it.