FIRST EDITIONCopyright © 2018 by Nazmul Alam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and Medinaz and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without Medinaz’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. www.medinaz.com“ CONTENTS Q NEUROANATOMY OQ EMBRYOLOGY Q HISTOLOGY OQ GROSS ANATOMY ABDOMEN Q GROSS ANATOMY HEAD & NECK GROSS ANATOMY UPPER LIMB © GROSS ANATOMY LOWER LIMB O GROSS ANATOMY THORAX Qo Oo GROSS ANATOMY PELVIS ° MISCELLANEOUSwww.medinaz.comDeep Cerebellar Nuclei z.com From medial to lateral: Fastigial “Fat Girls Eat Donuts” Globose Emboliform Dentate Argyll Baberisas Pre QOL Ue! STOP L6NORING ME. oo Argyll Robertson Pupil (ARP) ARE Accommodation Reflex Present (ARP) <———— Pupillary Reflex Absent (PRA) www.medinaz.comMEDINAZ Hair cells Auditory Pathway www.medinaz.com “Hungry Girls 8 (ate) Nothing To SLIM Themselves” spiral Ganglion cranial nerve 8 Nuclei (cochlear) Trapezoid body Superior olivary nucleus Lateral leminiscus Inferior colliculus Medial geniculate body Transverse temporal gyrus Basal Ganglia Pathway www.medinaz.com Indirect pathway = Inhibitory Direct pathway hence Excitatory www.medinaz.comCRANIAL NERVES One Olfactory of Optic our Oculomotor Telugu‘ Trochlear Teacher Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulococlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal Cranial nerve Types Cranial nerve www.medinaz.comOh = Olfactory Oh = Optic Oh = © cvlomotor To - Trochlear Touch = Trigeminal And = Abdueens Feel = Facial Veny = Vestibulococlear Giant = Glossopharyngeal Volcano = Vagus Ahh = Accessory Hot = Hypoglossal www.medinaz.comMEDIAS Cerebellar Damage Signs www.medinaz.com Dysdiadochokinesis Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Slurred speech Hypotonia Cerebellar Nuclei “D-E-F-G” | Dentate nucleus _ Emboliform nucleus Fastigial nucleus | Globose nucleus www.medinaz.comForamen Ovale contents Mandibular nerve Accessory meningeal art Lesser petrosal nerve Emissary vein Extraocular Muscles Nerve Supply www.medinaz.com Lateral Rectus = 6th cn nerve Superior Oblique = 4th cn nerve Others = 3rd cn nerve “LR6,S04,03” www.medinaz.comTrigeminal Nerve Branches “OQ My Mamma” Ophthalmic nerve Maxillary nerve Mandibular nerve lary Nerve Branches Men Gangs are Maximum Southern Zor Middle Meningeal Gangliar branch to sphenopalatine ganglion, Greater & lesser palatine Maxillary, Infraorbital Superior alveolar ( posterior, middle & anterior ) Zygomatic www.medinaz.comUe Glossopharyngeal Nerve Branches ‘ww.medinaz.com “Many People Try Lawn Tennis” Muscular Pharyngeal Tonsillar Lingual Tympanic Ophthalmic Nerve Main Branches ‘wawwmedinaz.com Tentorial Lacrimal Frontal Supratrochlear “To Look For Some Nasociliary New Candidates” Communicating br. | www.medinaz.comParasympathetic ganglion of Head and Neck Orc-Otic Coaniat -C iLiary Para = Prerygopatatin Sy mparetic =Submanai- ganglion buLar www.medinaz.comChorea Common Causes www.medinaz.com ‘St. VITUS’S DANCE” Vascular Increased RBC (polycythemia) Toxins - CO, Mg, Hg Uremia SLE Senile chorea Drugs APLA syndrome Neurodegenerative condition - HD, neuroacanthocytosis, DRPLA Conception related - pregnancy Endocrine - hyperthyroidism, hyperglycaemia ows www.medinaz.comCavernous Sinus Contents www.medinaz.com www.medinaz.comEMBRYOLOGY @NEETPGSURGEONCartilage derivatives of 1st Pharyngeal arch lr = Incus M = Malleus A = Ant. bgamenet a Super = Spine of Sphenoid = henomandi bulai Sexy Sp envigament a GivL = Grenial tubercle of mandible FATAL ERYTHROPOIESIS oung —— Yolk sac fer ——— Liver nthesizes — Spleen lood ———-> Bone marrow www.medinaz.commaz | Foregut Derivatives www.medinaz.com Lungs “Little Embryo People Do Like Esophagus Swallowing, Producin Pancreas Duodenum (proximal) Liver Stomach Pancreas Gall bladder Tooth Eruption Mama = !s# Molar = 6-7 rans = Ist Incisow = 7-# = and Incisor = 9-9 Power = jap Premolar = 9-10 , Pica = 2ng Phewwuar « lo-. Cant = Canine = I-12.» Make = 2nd Moan = 12-13. Mistake- and Molar =1g-25, www.medinaz.comLung Development Phases www.medinaz.com “Every Premature Child Takes Air” Embryonic period Pseudo glandular period Canalicular period Terminal sac period Alveolar period Neural Crest Derivatives wwwmedinaz.com “Pyaara SANAM” Pia mater Schwann cells Arachnoid mater Neurone (dorsal root ganglion, sensory ganglion of 5,7,8,9,10, sympathetic ganglion) Adrenal medulla (Chromaffin Melanocytes www.medinaz.comOcular Structures Derived From Neuroectoderm www.medinaz.com Muscles of iris Optic nerve Retina (with RPE) Epithelium of Iris Epithelium of Cilliary B www.medinaz.com‘ou: | PATAU Syndrome www.medinaz.com Cleft lip / palate Renal abnormalities | ” cArdiac defects CRAMP Microcephaly Mental retardation Polydactyly 13 letters = Trisomy 13 PATAU Syndrome Microcephaly Wwonw.medinaz.com tardation www.medinaz.comPATAU Syndrome www.medinaz.com Microcephaly Mental retardation cleft lip / palate me) S) Bred ears Cardiac defects ' el or extra fingers Undescended or abnormal testes _ -~— Rocker bottom foot www.medinaz.comRight to Left Shunt Tetralogy of fallot Tricuspid atresia Truncus arteriosus Transposition of great vessels www.medinaz.com co AT” Styloid process Stylohyoid hyoid | Smaller(lesser) cornu of Superior part of body of hyoid www.medinaz.comMEDEA Teratogenesis Te ratogenesis is most likely during organogenesis between the Third and Eight weeks of gestation www.medinaz.com Cranial & Spinal Neural crest Major Derivatives Glial cells(of peripheral ganglia)| www.medinaz.comHISTOLOGY @NEETPGSURGEON www.medinaz.comMEDINAZ Adrenal Cortex Layers www.medinaz.com Glomerulosa Fasciculata Reticularis Resting zone Proliferative zone Hypertrophic zone Calcified cartilage zone Ossification zone Real People Have Career Opportunities www.medinaz.comCollagen Fibres wwww.medinaz.com Type One = BOne Type Two = CarTwolage (cartilage) Type Four = Floor (basement membrane) | ‘Collagen Molecules CottagenFibris triple helices) Collagen Fibres pumedinaz.com Type 1 = Bone, Skin & Tendon Type 2 = Cartilage Type 3 = Reticulin & Blood vessels Type 4 = Basement membrane Colagen Molecules Coliapen Frits lipo hetices) “Be So Totally Read Books” www.medinaz.comExtracellular Matrix Component: w.medinaz.com Hyaluronic acid Elastin Laminin Proteoglycan Collagen “HELP Collagen Fibres” Fibronectin, ws Microftaments (cytoskeleton) Elastic Cartilage present in www.medinaz.com saw 4E Ear pinna External acoustic meatus (lateral part) Eustachian tube (medial part) www.medinaz.comMEDINAZ Epiphyseal Plate : Zones “Real People Have Resting zone Career Opportunities” Proliferative zone Hypertrophic zone Calcified cartilage zone Ossification zone Layers of Epidermis Cee) Lady Gaga’s Sexy Back| STRATUM Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale a naz_artonomy www.medinaz.comRetinal Layers www.medinaz.com in: —> Lat Limiting -membnane New + Nerve fiber’ Layer Generation > Ganglion Cell Layer tt ———+ [amen plexiform Layer 's —+ T » Auctean Layer Only ___» Outen Plexiform » Ophthalmologists —> Quter nuclear layer Examining Ex. Limiting membnane Patient’s >» Phofopeceptors Retina —__+ Retinal pigmented ep fam www.medinaz.comGROSS ANATOMY ABDOMEN @NEETPGSURGEONABDOMINAL MUSCLES Transversus abdominis Internal abdominal obliq Rectus abdominis External abdominal ob www.medinaz.comBowel Components proximal to distal. Duodenum Jejunum “Dd Is A Cool Tleum Singing Rockstar” Appendix mn Colon Sigmoid Rectum _ Celiac Trunk Branches “Left Hand Side” Left gastric artery Hepatic artery Splenic artery www.medinaz.comGROSS ANATOMY HEAD & NECK @NEETPGSURGEON medinzAxillary Artery Primary Branches www.medinaz.com S$ om —> Supevion Thoracic 4. Times —r Thoracoacromial a Life —» Latent iovaete « Seems + Gubscapular a. A —— Aa. Circumfler humerala. , 2 ap. Crmcumflex Pain Fase omer a oe Bell’s Palsy Symptoms Blink reflex abnorm: Earache Lacrimation Loss of taste Sudden onset Palsy of 7th nerve muscles All symptoms are U: www.medinaz.comCarotid Sheath Contents www.medinaz.com I see (1.C.) = Internal Carotid artery 10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve) CC = Common Carotid artery IV = Internal Jugular Vein Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoid Parietal Occipital Frontal www.medinaz.comElastic Cartilage Present Auricle & Auditory tube Cuneiform cat Epiglottis & External auditory canal Eye Rotation by Oblique Muscles wwwmedinaz.com SM I Le— eye rotation Superior Oblique = Medial eye rotation Inferior Oblique = Lateral eye rotation www.medinaz.comFacial Bones ‘Viagra Can Not Make Vomer +B 2 28 Man's Penis Zebra Like’ Conchae Nasal Maxilla Mandible Palatine Zygomatic Lacrimal i Vomer Sphenoid Nasal bone Frontal bone Ethmoid Maxillary ox www.medinaz.comExternal carotid artery branches ECA, a Some - Superior thyroid Angry + Ascending Phanyngeal Lady — Lingual __ Figured > Facial ~“Qut —> Occipitat yg Post —> Posterior auricular Menopausal >Maxillary Syndrome — Superficial Temporal Supenficiar Temporat Maxillary Artery Post. Auricular Artery Occipital Artery Facial Artery Lingvat Artery Ascending pharyngeal Superiowlhynoid Artery Carotid Body CeN= 1K.) Canotid sinus Cow) www.medinaz.comNerves Passing Through Superior Orbital Fissure Lacrimal nerve Frontal nerve Trochlear nerve Abducent nerve Corti Organ Location www.medinaz.com COrti present inside the COchlea www.medinaz.comScalp Layers www.medinaz.com “SCALP” Skin Connective tissue (dense) Aponeurotic layer Loose connective tissue Pericranium Extrinsic Muscles of Tongue www.medinaz.com Hyoglossus “Highly Stylish & Genius Princess” Styloglossus Genioglossus Palatoglossu: www.medinaz.comMEDINAZ Subclavian Artery Branches www.medinaz.com Very —*» Vertebral artery Interesting —» Internal thoracic art. Thing, Thyrocervical trunk ' Inferior thyroid art. Served Suprascapular art. The Transverse cervical art. Country Costocervical art. Since Superior intercostal art. Dat(that) Deep cervical art. Day Dorsal scapular art. Very Interesting Thing, | Served The Country Since Dat(that) Day www.medinaz.comSubclavian Artery Main Branches MEDINAZ www.medinaz.com “VITamin C & D” Vertebral artery Internal thoracic Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular INFERIOR VENA CAVA TRIBUTARIES [— [bac vein (©) Lize > Lumbar veins To — Testicular veins Rise 7 Renal veins So — Supra yenal veins High as Hepatic veins www.medinaz.comThoracoacromial artery branches Mnemonic Cadavers oC bavicular br. Arve _ Acromial br. Dead > Destoid br P. ple Pectoral br, Sub scapular artery branches Mnemonic ‘oun Scapular Thoraco Cinewrm#leX — P opesal www.medinaz.comSCALP NERVE SUPPLY Greater Occipital / Great auricular Lesser Occipital Auriculotemporal Supratrochlear Supraorbital www.medinaz.comGROSS ANATOMYBrachial Plexus: branches of posterior cord www.medinaz.com “ ” Subscapular (upper & lower) Thoracodorsal Upper ‘Subscapular Axillary Radial axillary N. To Latissimus Dorsi www.medinaz.comBrachial Plexus Subunits www.medinaz.com Roots “Regular Teen Drinks Trunks Cold Beer” Divisions Cords Branches Brachial Plexus Branches from lateral to medial: Musculocutaneous “My ARM Up” Axillary Radial Median Ulner www.medinaz.comCarpal Bones Scaphold She Looks Too Pretty Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Cephalic vein Lymphatic vessels Acromiothoracic at www.medinaz.comElbow Flexion Muscles www.medinaz.com “3 B’s Bend the elbow” Biceps Brachialis Brachioradialis Nerves Injured in Humerus Fracture wwwmedinaz.com Axillary nerve (Head) Radial nerve (Mid shaft) “ARM” Median nerve (Supracondylar) www.medinaz.comMuscles supplie d by Median nerve “LOAF” Lateral two lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis www.medinaz.comGROSS ANATOMY GREE PESURCEON nedineTalus Calcaneus Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid www.medinaz.comTarsal Tunnel Contents Tibialis posterior - “These Ducks Are flexor Digitorum longus Artery posterior tibial Not Hungry” Nerve tibial flexor Hallucis longus Tibia Muscle Attachments “Please Engage wi Peroneus longus Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Soleus Gastrocnemius www.medinaz.comGROSS ANATOMY THORAX @NEETPGSURGEONDeep Muscles of Back www.medinaz.com Splenius capitis i. . . Senior Engineer Invited In States To See » Erector spinae Interspinales Intertransversarii Machines Splenius cervic Transversospii Semispinalis www.medinaz.comMERINAS Nerve root supply of long thoracic nerve which innervates serratus anterior www.medinaz.com C5, C6, C7 “Five(5) six(6), seven (7) raise your arms to heaven” Vertebral Level Openings www.medinaz.com Venacava 8 letters = TS” Oesophagus 10 letters = T10 ‘Aortic Hiatus 12 letters = 112 www.medinaz.comRelationship of Thoracic Duct www.medinaz.com Duck = Thoracic Duct 2 Gooses = esophaGus & azyGos vein “The Duck is between two Gooses” www.medinaz.comGROSS ANATOMY PELVIS @NEETPGSURGEONBroad Ligament Contents www.medinaz.com Bundle (ovarian neurovascular bundle) Round ligament Ovarian ligament Artefacts (vestigial structures) Duct (oviduct) Mesosalpinx Mesovarium, Ovarian Artery Ovarian Vein Suspensory Ligament Uterine Tube Ovary Broad Ligament Round Ligament Ovarian Ligament Cardinal Ligament Uterosacral Ligament Vagina www.medinaz.comMEDINAZ Complications of Undescended Testis ( Cryptorchidism ) Tumor Epididymo orchiti: Seminoma Torsion, Trau Inguinal Hernia Sterility Femoral Hernia www.medinaz.com FEMoral Hernia most commonly occurs in FEMale www.medinaz.comMuscular support of Uterus Perineal body Urogenital diaphragm Levator ani (Pelvic diaphragm) Testicular Vein Drainage www.medinaz.com Right Testicular vein Rightly drained to the IVC Left Testicular vein was Left out and hence drained to Left Renal vein www.medinaz.comMISCELLANEOUS @NEETPGSURGEONye Cardiac Abnormalities Abnormat Facies Thymic Aptasia Clest Palate Hypocatcemia 225 Il deletion Carpal tunnel syndrome (causes) Myxoedema dema Premenstrually Diabetes Idiopathic Acromegaly Neoplasm Trauma Rheumatoid arinnitis idosis Compressed Anmyloidesi Median nerve Pregnancy www.medinaz.comCardiac tissue conduction velocity fastest Purkinje System Atrial “muscle Ventricular muscle Av node www.medinaz.comAuscultation Triangle www.medinaz.com “auSCulTation” SCapula (laterally) Lattismus dorsi (inferiorly) . : 40] Triangle of Trapezius (sup. & medially) r auscultation Latissimus dorsi www.medinaz.comMEDINAZ Autosomal Dominant Disorders |Mnemonic — “Very Powerful DOMINANT Human” Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism Dystrophia myotonica Osteogenesis imperfectif / Osler-weber-rendu Marfan syndrome Intermittent porphyria Neurofibromatosis Achondroplasia / Adult polycystic kidney dis. _ Noonan syndrome Tuberous sclerosis Hypercholesterolemia Huntington's disease Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary non polyposis coli Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia www.medinaz.comBall & Socket Joints Shoulder Hip Incudostapedia Talonavicular CELL CYCLE STAGES Go ——+s G1 phase \ Simran — S phase = Go —— G2 phase Make ——; M phase Chicken —.C phase ©-. www.medinaz.comEighteen (trisomy) Digit overlapping flexion Wide head Absent intellect (mentally retard Rocker bottom feet Diseased heart Small lower jaw (Mircrognathia) www.medinaz.com