Math 280, Lecture 7, Feb 21

Example Cancelation law fails.

Example Factoring to zero property fails.

Proof

 If the leading ones are not on the main diagonal, then the last row will be full of zeros.
 If the leading ones are on the main diagonal, then the reduced row echelon form matrix is the
identity

Some
Theoretical considerations

1
 If matrix A is invertible, then A1 is also invertible and A1   A
1 1 T
If matrix A is invertible, then AT is also invertible and  A    A 
T

Example

(a)  A  B  A  B   A2  B 2 True / False

This is false, because  A  B  A  B   A2  AB  BA  B 2

2
(b)  A  2 I   A2  4 A  4 I True / False

2
This is true, because  A  2 I    A  2 I  A  2 I   A2  A2 I  2 IA  2 I 2 I  A2  4 A  4 I
Example

Example

2 0 0  2 0 0 
   
Given A   0 1 0  , B  0 0 0 .
   
 0 0 1   0 0 1 
3 3
(a) Find the inverse of matrix A (b) Show that matrix B has no inverse

1
2 0 0   2 0 0  1 0 0 
  
(a)  0 1 0   0 1 0   0 1 0 
    
 0 0 1   0 0 3  0 0 1 
3  

2 0 0  a b c  1 0 0 
 
(b) For the inverse matrix we should have  0 0 0  x y z   0 1 0 
    
 0 0 1  u v w 0 0 1 
3
But in the element in 2nd row and 2nd column of the product is 0  b  0  y  0  v  0  1 . Therefore, no
inverse exists.
Example

Given a square matrix A satisfies A2  3 A  I  O . Compute

1
(a) A1 (b)  A  I 

A2  3 A  I  O  A  3I  A   I . Therefore A1  3I  A

(b) Set B  A  I  A  B  I
2
Then  B  I   3  B  I   I  O  B 2  B  I  B  B  I   I

1
Therefore,  A  I   B 1  B  I  A  2 I

Example
1 1
Given A, B, C, D invertible nxn matrices. Simplify the expression  AB  AC 1  B 1C 1  D 1

1 1 1 1 1
 AB  AC 1  B 1C 1  D 1  B 1 A1 AC 1  C 1  B  D 1  B 1 IC 1CBD 1

 B 1 IBD 1  B 1 BD 1  ID 1  D 1