Week 4: Simple and Compound Propositions

Essential Questions:
How do we illustrate and symbolize propositions?
What is the difference between simple and compound proposition?
How do we determine the truth values of propositions?

Learning Targets:
I can:
 illustrate and symbolize propositions;
 distinguish between simple and compound propositions and its corresponding truth value; and
 illustrate the different forms of conditional propositions and different types of tautologies and fallacies.
Timetable:

1st Meeting

 Discussion: Simple and Compound Propositions (Virtual)

 Week4 ASSESSMENT 1 (Online)

2nd Meeting

 Discussion: Negation of a Proposition, More Compound Propositions, Tautologies, and Contradictions (Virtual)
 Week4 ASSESSMENT 2 (Online)
What is logic? Logic is the science and art of correct reasoning.
Simple and Compound Propositions
Different Types of Sentences

1. A leap year happens every four years. (Declarative)

2. What is your name? (Interrogative)
3. Please sign me your name on the space provided. (Imperative - request)
4. Close the door. (Imperative - command)
5. Oh my God! (Exclamatory)

A proposition is a declarative sentence that is either true or false but not both. The being true (T) or false (F) of a proposition is called its
truth value. Propositions are represented by letters like p, q, r, and so on.

Examples of Propositions and their TRUTH VALUE Nonexamples of Propositions

The coffee shop isn’t open on Sundays. (FALSE) I hate you!

7 is an odd number. (TRUE) What a beautiful morning!

Today is tuesday. (TRUE) Kindly solve my assignment.

Lhuiz is a chix magnet. (TRUE) Is it hot outside?

The month of July has 31 days. (TRUE) Get me a glass of water.

Propositions can be classified as simple and compound.

A simple proposition conveys a single thought or idea.

A compound proposition consists of more than one thought or idea.

Common Connectives – and, or, if…then, and if and only if.

Examples of Simple Propositions Examples of Compound Propositions

Today is Tuesday and tomorrow is Wednesday.

7 is an odd number.
(Conjunction)

Today is tuesday. 7 is an odd number while 6 is an even number.

Lhuiz is a chix magnet. Lhuiz is a chix magnet only if the chix are boys.

The month of July has 31 days. Either she likes tea or she doesn’t like coffee. (Disjunction)

If the Earth is flat then both the moon and sun can be seen
She either like tea or coffee.
together.
Types of Compound Propositions

1. Conjunction – formed when two simple propositions are joined using the connectives and. Refer to page 179 – upper part

form: and : I am tall and she is smart.

in symbol: or (conjuncts)
Truth Table:

T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F

2. Disjunction – formed when simple propositions are joined using the connective or. (Refer to page 179 – under disjunction)

form: or : Either she likes tea or she doesn’t like coffee.

in symbol: (disjuncts)
Truth Table:

T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
3. Conditional – take the form of if then . is called the antecedent, is called the consequent. Another term for this propositions is
implication. (Refer to page 179 – lower part)

in symbol:
Truth Table:

T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

4. Biconditional – has the form if and only if . (refer page 180 – under biconditional)
in symbol:
Truth Table:

T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
Example 1:

Consider the following propositions. Form a conjunction, a disjunction, a conditional and a biconditional out of the given and symbolize
the propositions.

We will go to the park. (TRUE)

It is a sunny day. (TRUE)

Answers:

Conjunction: We will go to the park and it is a sunny day. (TRUE)

Disjunction: We will go to the park or it is a sunny day. (TRUE)

Conditional: We will go to the park, then it is a sunny day. or If we will go to the park, then it is a sunny day. (TRUE)

Biconditional: We will go to the park, if and only if it is a sunny day. (TRUE)

Example 2:

Let and represent the following proposition.

January has 30 days. (FALSE)

There are 12 months in a year. (TRUE)

Determine the truth value of the following compound propositions.

1. : January has 30 days and there are 12 months in a year. (FALSE)

2. : January has 30 days unless there are 12 months in a year. (TRUE)

3. : If January has 30 days, then there are 12 months in a year. (TRUE)

4. : If there are 12 months in a year, then January has 30 days. (FALSE)

5. : There are 12 months in a year, if and only if January 30 has 30 days. (FALSE)

~ End of Discussion ~