SYLLABUS

GRAMMAR
 How to learn
ENGLISH English
ALPHABET

• There are 26 letters in English Alphabet.

• There are 5 Vowels –a, e, i, o, u

• The remaining letters are consonants.

• These 26 letters have 44 sounds out of which 20 are

vowel sounds.
 Use of Capital Letters
A sentence starts with a Capital Letter.
(एक वा य क शु आत 'Capital Letter' से होती है ।
E.g:- Once upon a time, there lived a king.

'Proper Noun' starts with a Capital Letter.

('Proper Noun' क शु आत 'Capital Letter' से होती है ।
E.g:- Ram, Delhi, Yamuna etc.

'I' is always in Capital Letter.

'I' (म) हमेशा Capital Letter म होता है ।
 Use of Capital Letters
Acronyms are in 'Capital Letters'.
(Acronyms 'Capital Letters' म होते ह।
E.g:- PM, MLA

The first word of the sentence with double Inverted

Commas start with Capital Letters.
(Double Inverted Comma के अ दर के वा य के पहले श द क
शु आत 'Capital Letter' से होती है ।
E.g:- He said, "He and I went to Delhi. There we met the SHO
of Mukherjee Nagar."
 करता है verb पर (on)
या लेने वाला या िजस
करने वाला (Does)
(कता)
(Action) पर काम हुआ (कम)
(Doer) (Recipient)
E.g:- 1. I wrote या this book.
2. Students read या books.
3. Girls tell या stories.
4. I love कसको him.
5. They told या the truth.

Subject does Verb on Object. (कता या को कम पर करता है ।)

After Verb two questions arise — 'who' and 'whom'. The answer to 'who' and
'whom' is the object. / (Object Verb के बाद उ प न ' या' और ' कसको' का जवाब होता है ।)
 Passive Voice

OBJECT on does SUBJECT

Verb
( या)
या

1. The book was written by me.

2. Students were taught by him.
3. The case is being investigated by the CBI.
4. I was scolded by my mother.
5. People are fooled by politicians.
 Parts of Speech

Noun (सं ा) Naming word. It comes in the

place of Subject & Object.
Pronoun (सवनाम) Replaces Noun. It comes in place
of Subject & Object.
Verb ( या) Action/ state word.
Adjective ( वशेषण) Qualifies Noun/ Pronoun.
Conjunction (संयोजक) Joining word.
Article (A, An, The) Precedes Noun.
Preposition (पूवसग) Determines position.
Adverb ( या वशेषण) Qualifies the nearest word.
Interjection ( व मया दबोधक) Expresses surprise, pain etc.
 Basic Concept of All Parts of Speech
NOUN
• Noun is a Naming word. (सं ा 'नाम' है ।)
Comes in the place of subject and object. / (Subject एवं object के थान पर आता
है ।)
• Article and other determiners should take a noun after them. / (Article और
अ य Determiners (no, one, many etc) के बाद Noun का होना अ नवाय है ।)

1. Ram is a good boy. 5. To err is human, to forgive divine.

2. Teachers teach students. 6. I did my best.

3. Reading is a good habit. 7. I went for a walk.

4. We prohibit smoking. 8. I am fond of music.

 PRONOUN
Replaces Noun (सं ा के थान पर आता है )
Preceded by Followed by
के पहले Verb के बाद

Nominative Case Objective 1. He is a good boy.

Case
He — वह (पु ष के लए) 2. It is a useful book.
She — वह ( ी के लए)
लए Him 3. Before giving the
Singular It — यह ( नज व व तु एवं Her
जानवर के लए)
medicine to the
It
I — म child, shake it
We — हम Me properly (Shake
He, She, It
— वे
का Plural They Us what!)
— तुम/ तुम लोग / आप /
They होता है You Them
आपलोग You 4. I bought some
books. They are
useful.
 PRONOUN

I know him

He loves me
She teaches us
as as
Subject Object
We saw her
You hate them

They like you

 ADJECTIVE

Qualifies Noun or Pronoun. / (सं ा या सवनाम के बारे म कुछ बताता है ।)

1. He is a good boy.

2. She is suffering from lung cancer.

3. It is a five-star hotel.

4. India is a developing country.

5. This is the revised edition.

 Fill in the blanks with A/An
1. An
________ orange 9. A
________ year

2. An
________ eagle An
10. ________ MP

3. An
________ umbrella A
11. ________ DCP

4. A
________ European A
12. ________ ewe

5. A
________ university ×
13. ________ honorable men

6. A
________ one-rupee coin ×
14. ________ honesty

7. An
________ honest man ×
15. ________ water.

8. An
________ ear
 PREPOSITION

• Determines Position ( थान बताता है )

1. The book is on the table.

2. They insisted on going home.

3. India will take on Pakistan tomorrow.

4. This book added feather to my cap.

5. Don't pick up a fight.

 ADVERB

Qualifies the nearest word ( नकटतम श द के लए यु त होता है ।)

Hard qualifies work
1. I work hard.
Adv Verb

2. I work very hard. Very qualifies hard

Adv. Adv.

3. He is very smart. Very qualifies smart

Adv. Adj.

4. Only Rahul came to meet me. Only qualifies Rahul

Adv. Noun

Even qualifies she

5. Eeven she knows the truth. Adv. Pronoun

6. The fan is exactly over your bed. Exactly qualifies over

Adv. Prep.

Simply qualifies because

7. I like him simply because he is honest. Adv. Conj.

Sadly qualifies the whole

8. Sadly, all were dead. sentence
Adv.