Basics of Colour

Colour Measurement
&
Communication
Teng5171
The purest and most thoughtful minds are

those which love colour the most. — J. Ruskin
Tadele A.
October
Powerpoint , 2017
Templates
Page 1
Course Objectives
•Know the Basic Theory of Colour Science
• Recognizing Light & Matter Interaction
•Understand the principles of CMC
•Know about Colour measuring instruments
•Know about Colour Mixing Laws
•Know about Colour Attributes
• Realize importance of colour difference
•Know how about CCM Techniques
•Understand Colour Recipe Prediction and Correction
Powerpoint Templates
Page 2
Course Contents
1. Fundamentals of Colour Science
2. Colour Order: Attributes + Specification Systems
3. Instrumental Colour Measurement and Quality
Control
4. Optical Theory for Colour Matching:
5. Computer Colour Matching for Textiles:
6. Advancements in Color Management &
Reproduction
Page 3
What are the differences among these dyed Fabrics?
Page 4
Measurement
Communication
Page 5
1. Fundamentals of Colour Science
Definition
Colour – visual sensation arising from the stimulation of
retina of the eye.
Modern theory of colour
Chemist
Physist
Physiologist
Psychologist
Psychophysical
Artist
Page 6
Modern Theory of Colour
Colour is a physiological sensation associated with the
wavelength of light striking the retina of the eye.
The sensation of colour is produced when light having a

wavelength within the visible region of electromagnetic
spectrum strikes the retina of the eye.
Page 7
Dyes and Pigments
Colour is always associated with chemical constitution
of dyes and pigments
Aromatic Hydrocarbons- aromatic nuclei or other
conjugated systems (unsaturated groups) being essential to
the structures of substances having the property of colour
Theory of O.N Witt (1876) Chromophores + Auxochromes
Valence Bond Approach To Colour Modern Electronic Theory
The resonance/conjugation stabilization of excited states that
is responsible for the absorption in the visible region.
Pi (π) electrons are less firmly held and require less

energy (or longer wavelength) to excite.
Page 8
CH2=CH–CH = CH2 1: 3 Butadienes (Colourless)
CH2 = CH – CH = CH – CH = CH2` 1: 3: 5 Hexantriene (Colourless)
H2C + CH2 `Ethylene (Colourless)
p-nitro aniline is yellow

Page 9
Colour Perception
Colour is a perceptual sensation/response to light in VR
(400-700nm) that enters the eye either directly from self-
luminous light sources or, indirectly, from light reflected by
illuminated objects.
−The nature of light

− the spectral reflectance properties of objects
− The physiology and functional properties of the retina in
the human eye.
Page 10
Light and Colour Photon
Colour is the sensation/ perception of light or physical
stimuli
Physical Nature of Light/Colour
a) Wave – deals with propagation through medium

b) Electronic – absorption/ emissions of photons
Page 11
Visible Spectrum
170-300 kJ/mol
71 - 35.5kcal/mol
3.3 - 1.7 eV
800 - 400 THz
Light - is the form of energy.

Page 12
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Page 14
nd
EMR – has electronic (photon) characteristic and
wave (refraction, reflection, absorption, scattering)
properties. Energy content of radiation
Where, E = energy, h = Planck’s constant = 6.626*10-34Js,

f = frequency, c= light speed and
is wavelength
Activity: calculate the amount of energy in kJ/mol
contained by 1 mol electron at 600nm. Also, predict
what colour it shows.
Page 15
Invisibility: Radar
Quantum Stealth
The Invisible Military Becomes a Reality
Page 16
Interaction of Light and Object
No reflection or all absorption

Selective reflection/absorption
AllPowerpoint
reflection/Templates
no absorption Page 17
Dyes & Pigments- Selective Absorption
Page 18
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Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Blue Dye Absorption Spectrum
Page 23
Spectrophotometric determination of brilliant blue
FCF.
Page 24
How Materials Modify Light?
OBA/FWAs
Powerpoint Modify Light
Templates
Page 25
Causes of Colour & Mechanism
So what exactly causes an object to be coloured?
Molecular Orbiltals/Energy Levels: organic compounds
and charge transfer
Page 26
Simple Excitations: gas excitation (vapour lamps, neon
signs), vibrations and rotations (ice, halogens)
Ligand/Crystal Field Effects: transition metal cds & transition

metal impurities- atom d-orbital in an tetrahedral field absorbs
energy
Page 27
How the hexa aqua copper (II) ion [Cu (H2O) 6]2+
absorbs yellow light and looks blue to the naked eye.
Copper (II) Cu2+ ion
Copper (II) in
the complex
[Cu (H2O) 6]2+
Page 28
Band Theory: in metals, semiconductors, doped
semiconductors and centres
Chromic Materials:
-Photochromic
-Thermochromic
Geometrical and Physical Optics: dispersion, scattering,

interference and diffraction.
Page 29
Page 30
Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Chemoluminscence &
Bioluminescence
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Basics of Colour

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Basics of Colour

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Colour Measurement

The purest and most thoughtful minds are

The sensation of colour is produced when light having a

Pi (π) electrons are less firmly held and require less

p-nitro aniline is yellow

−The nature of light

Physical Nature of Light/Colour

a) Wave – deals with propagation through medium

Light - is the form of energy.

Where, E = energy, h = Planck’s constant = 6.626*10-34Js,

No reflection or all absorption

Ligand/Crystal Field Effects: transition metal cds & transition

Copper (II) Cu2+ ion

Geometrical and Physical Optics: dispersion, scattering,

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