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CREATIVE WRITING STUDY GUIDE

TOPIC IMPORTANT DETAILS
 Writing is viewed by many as a complicated process. This is made true by the fact that writing invlolves expressing the writer’s
innermost thoughts, feelings, and ideas.

CREATIVE WRITING
 Creative writing is writing that expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings in an imaginative, often unique way.
 Creative writing involves telling a story, describing an image, or relating an experience that you want to impart to your readers.

TECHNICAL WRITING
 Technical writing is a type of writing where the author is writing about a particular subject that requires direction, instruction, or
explanation.
 When writing technically, it’s important to ensure that your content is clear and precise and is not subject to interpretation.

CREATIVE WRITING AND

TECHNICAL WRITING

EXAMPLES OF CREATIVE AND TECHNICAL WRITING

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PURPOSE OF WRITING CREATIVELY

 Write to be entertained
 Write to share your ideas and emotions
 Write to be the person you wish to be
 Write to touch one’s lives

IMAGERY IMAGERY
 The use of imagery appeals to how you SEE, HEAR, SMELL, TASTE, TOUCH and FEEL things that you are writing
about.
 Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our
physical senses.

VISUAL
 Is a picture in words; something that is something concrete and can be seen.
 Relating to visual scenes, graphics, pictures, or the sense of sight.
EXAMPLE:
 It was dark and shadowy in the forest.
The word “dark” and “shadowy are visual images.
AUDITORY
 Is something that you can hear through your mind’s ears.
 Relating to sound, noises, music, sense of hearing or choosing words with a sound that imitates a real sound in the form
of onomatopoeia.
 Words such as “bang!” “achoo!” “buzz”
 All works to describe a sound that most people are familiar with.
GUSTATORY
 Is something that you can taste through your mind’s tongue
 Pertains to tastes, flavors, palates, or the sense of taste.
THERMAL
 Is something that depicts temperature
EXAMPLE:
 The scorching heat of the midday tropical sun made my eyes squint.
TACTILE
 Describes what we touch or feel.
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OLFACTORY
 Describes what we smell.

SIMILE
 Simile directly compares two objects belonging to different classes. They are usually connected through the use of the
words “like” or “as”.
EXAMPLE:
 Antonio Luna is as brave as a lion.
 The ocean is deep and vast like my love.
 They fought like cats and dogs.
 I am often blue as the sky above.

METAPHOR
 Metaphor indirectly compares two things belonging to different classes.
 Unlike a simile, the analogy in a metaphor is not explicitly stated but merely implied.
EXAMPLE:
 Antonio Luna is lionhearted.
 John is a real pig when he eats.
FIGURES OF SPEECH  Her home was a prison.

HYPERBOLE
 Hyperbole is the deliberate exaggeration of a fact or truth for the sake of emphasis and rhetorical effect.
 Also known as overstatement, it is effective when expressing powerful thoughts and emotions.
EXAMPLE:
 It was so cold I saw polar bears wearing jackets.
 I had a ton of chores to do.
 This car goes faster than the speed of light.
 Our new house cost a bazillion dollars.

PERSONIFICATION
 Personification is the endowment of imaginary creatures, ordinary animals, abstract concepts and inanimate objects
with human form, consciousness, intelligence, sensibility and emotions.
EXAMPLE:
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 My alarm clock yells at me every morning.
 The car complained as the key was turned.
 Lightning danced across the sky.
 Rita heard the last piece of pie calling her name.

METONYMY
 Metonymy is the substitution or replacement of the name of a concrete object or thing that is closely associated or
connected with a word or concept for the word or concept itself.
EXAMPLE:
 The pen is mightier than the sword.
 “pen” – standing in for “the written word”
 “sword” – standing in for “military aggression”

 She was born with a crown.

 “crown” – for a monarch whether king or queen, since it is an object typically related to royalty

 That fortune came from the sweat of one’s brow.

FIGURES OF SPEECH  “sweat of one’s brow” – for hard labor, since menial work results in profuse perspiration.

 Let me give you a hand.

 “hand” – for help, since it is the part of the body which is most useful in providing assistance.

OXYMORON
 Oxymoron is the combination of adjacent words that have meanings that are opposite, contradictory or incongruous.
 Linguistically speaking, an oxymoron can either be a noun-noun, adjective-noun, adjective-adjective, adverb-adverb, or
adverb-verb combination.
COMMON EXAMPLES OF OXYMORONIC WORDS:

 bittersweet virtual reality

 seriously funny run slowly
 cheerful pessimist pretty ugly
 deafening silence open secret
 foolish wisdom living dead
EXAMPLE:
 This is another fine mess you have got us into.
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 There is a real love hate relationship developing between the two of them.
 The comedian was seriously funny.
 You are clearly confused by the situation you have found yourself in.

EPONYM
 Eponym refers to the name of a person or deity commonly associated with some widely recognized trait or characteristic
that the name itself has become a substitute for the trait or characteristic.

COMMON EXAMPLES OF EPONYMS:

 Hercules for strength, very hard
 Helen of Troy for beauty
 Penelope for faithfulness
 Judas Iscariot for treachery
EXAMPLE:
FIGURES OF SPEECH  Our teacher gave us this Herculean task.
 I love to eat Ceasar salad at night.
 She is the Aphrodite in the class.
 Ben was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.

ONOMATOPOEIA
 Onomatopoeia is the process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it
describes. Such words are themselves also called onomatopoeias.
EXAMPLE:
 The buzzing bee flew away.
 The books fell on the table with a loud thump.
 The rustling leaves kept me awake.
 “I’m getting married in the morning!
 Ding dong! the bells are gonna chime.”

ONOMATOPOEIC WORDS:
 Meow, Moo, Tweet, Oink, Mee-ee
 water – plop, splash, gush, sprinkle, drizzle, drip
 human voice - growl, giggle, grunt, murmur, blurt, and chatter
 wind - swish, swoosh, whiff, whoosh, whizz, whisper
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DICTION
 The term diction comes from the Latin word dicere which means “speak, tell, say” and later evolved into the nominative
dictio which means “a saying, expression, word”, originally refers to “the clarity of a person’s speech.”
 Later the scope of the word has expanded and became more specific and refined to mean
 “the way in which words are used in speech or writing.”
 DICTION – WORD CHOICE

 Good diction is determined by the deployment of precise and appropriate words that express exactly what the writer
wants to say and the meaning he or she intends to convey.
Take note:
 Writing a literature requires perfect diction or word choice.

SMELL
- the faculty or power of perceiving odors or scents by means of the organs in the nose
DICTION - the quality of something that is perceived by the power of smell; an odor or scent

SYNONYMS:
 aroma, balm, bouquet, fetor, fragrance, funk, miasma, niff, odor, perfume, pong, redolence, reek, savor, scent, stench,
stink, tang, waft, whiff
But these synonyms of smell have their distinctive nuances or specific shades of meaning…

“aroma” and “savor”

refer to pleasant smells usually associated with beverage

EXAMPLE:
the refreshing aroma of newly-brewed cofffee
the wonderful savor of warm bread
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VARIETIES OF DICTION

DIALECT
 Words, phrases, and pronunciations characteristic of a particular region or group
JARGON
 Words or phrases used by a particular professional, occupational, or interest group
SLANG
 Colloquial language, often that of a special group in society, originating from a desire for novelty or being in fashion.

LEVELS OF DICTION

FORMAL AND INFORMAL EXAMPLE:

He’s insane. (INFORMAL)

He’s schizophrenic. (FORMAL)

FORMAL: Hello, young man. It is a true pleasure to make your acquaintance. How are you feeling today?
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INFORMAL: Hey, kid. Nice to meet ya. What's up?
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DESCRIPTIVE WRITING
 Paints a picture in words that communicate an overriding impression.
 It employs a language that appeals to the reader’s imagination, emotions, and senses
 Descriptive write up contains details that allow readers to form pictures in their minds. They can almost hear, feel, smell,
or taste what is being describe.
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
Placement Type of Adjective Examples
Article, Determiner,
a, an, the, this, that, those, these, my, your, his,
1 Demonstrative determiner,
our
Possesive determiner
2 Quantity one, three, ninety-nine

3 Opinion or Observation beautiful, clever, witty, well-mannered

DRESCRIPTIVE WRITING
4 Size big, medium-sized, small
5 Physical Quality thin, lumpy, cluttered
6 Shape square, round, long
7 Age young, middle-aged, old
8 Colour/Color red, blue, purple
9 Origin or Religion French, Buddhist
10 Material metal, leather, wooden

11 Type L-shaped, two-sided, all-purpose

12 Purpose, or Attributive Noun mixing, drinking, cooking, service, football, head

WEAK DESCRIPTION STRONG DESCRIPTION

The old, washed-up and bejeweled lady, a woman in

The old lady sits alone in the bar, holding a glass and her late fifties or early sixties, sits alone in the dimly-
looking at the wine display from across the rrom. lit bar, holding of bourbon and whiskey and looking at
the wide array of wine display from across the dingy
room.
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POETRY
 Poetry is literature in meter form. It is a form of written word that has pattern, rhythm and rhyme.
 The art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated
thoughts.

TYPES OF POETRY
 NARRATIVE POETRY
 Intends to tell a story through verses, often making the voices of a narrator and character as well; the entire
story is written in metered verse.
EXAMPLES:
 BALLADS
 EPICS
 BALLAD is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French
chanson balladée or ballade, which were originally "dance songs".
 EPIC - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures
of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation. (Ex. Illiad, Odyssey, Beowulf)
POETRY  DRAMATIC POETRY
 a drama written in verse that is meant to be spoken or chanted.
TYPES OF DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE
 DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in the form of a speech of an individual character
 SOLILOQUY – an act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud; character speaks to oneself
 DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE - is any speech of some duration addressed by a character to a second
person
 SOLILOQUY - is a type of monologue in which a character directly addresses an audience or speaks
his thoughts aloud while alone
 LYRICAL POETRY
 conveys the extremely personal emotions, powerful feelings or nostalgic sentiments of the person expressed in
a highly melodious manner.
 Most popular western lyrical poetry
 SONNET
 ODE
 ELEGY
 VILLANELLE