Hydroelectric power plant utilizes the potential energy of water for the generation

of electrical energy.
 In a hydro power plant, water head is created by building a dam across a river or
lake. A stream of water with a high pressure is allowed to flow through penstocks
which carry the water to the turbine.
The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical
energy at the turbine shaft.
It consists of a wheel fitted with elliptical buckets along its periphery. The whole
pressure of water is converted into kinetic energy in a nozzle and the velocity of
the jet spins the wheel.
The turbine drives the Generator coupled with it and converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy.