4A02 Exercise E

2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)
Therefore, the roots of are –2.0 and 3.0.

2 Quadratic Equations in
One Unknown (II)
Review Exercise 2 (p. 2.5)
1.
2.
∴ (repeated)
3.
4. Using the quadratic formula,
∵ is not a real number.

∴ The equation has no real roots.
7. The x-intercepts of the graph of are –2.0

and 3.0.
35
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions
8. The x-intercept of the graph of is 0.5.

(b) Length of PQ
Therefore, the root of is 0.5.
To Learn More (p. 2.30)

9. (a) The graph of intersects the x-axis at (a)
two points.
Therefore, the equation has two (b)
unequal real roots.
(c)
(b) The graph of touches the x-axis
at one point.
(d)
Therefore, the equation has one
double real root.
Classwork
(c) The graph of does not intersect
the x-axis. Classwork (p. 2.7)
Therefore, the equation has no Nature of roots
real roots. Value of 
( = b2 – 4ac) 2 unequal 1 double No real
real roots real root roots
10. (a) 0 
(b) 24 
(c) –31 
∴ (d) –400 
(e) 25 
Classwork (p. 2.10)

11.
1. (a) 0 (b)  < 0
2. (a) 2 (b)  > 0

∴
3. (a) 0 (b)  < 0
4. (a) 1 (b)  = 0
12.
5. (a) 1 (b)  = 0
6. (a) 2 (b)  > 0
∴ Classwork (p. 2.18)

Sum of roots Product of roots
13. (a)
(b)
∴ (c)
To Learn More (d)
To Learn More (p. 2.23) (e)
(a) Mid-point of PQ
(f)
36
Classwork (p. 2.29)

1. (a)
i.e.
(b)
(c)
∴ The range of values of k is .

(d)
Quick Practice 2.3 (p. 2.9)

2. (a) (a) For the equation ,
(b) ∵ is a quadratic equation.

∴ The coefficient of cannot be zero.
i.e.
(b)
(i) ∵ The equation has two

distinct real roots.
∴ The range of values of k is except .

(ii) ∵ The equation has real roots.
Classwork (p. 2.31)
∴
Real part Imaginary part
(a) 3 –4
∴ The range of values of k is except .
(b) –5 7
(c) 8 8 0 (a) ∵ The graph of touches the x-
axis at one point P.
(d) 0 ∴
(e) i.e.
Classwork (p. 2.32)

(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
(b) For m = 9, the corresponding quadratic equation is
Quick Practice

∵ The equation has one double real root.
∴ =0
∴ The coordinates of P are .
i.e.
(a) ∵ The graph of has two
x-intercepts.
∴
∵ The equation has no real roots.
∴
37
i.e.

(a) For the equation ,
∴ The range of values of m is .
(b) The smallest integral value of m is 0. ∴

For m = 0, the corresponding quadratic equation is
(b)
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 1.

(a) The required quadratic equation is:
(b) The required quadratic equation is

(a) Sum of roots (a)
Product of roots
∴ The required quadratic equation is

(b)
(b) Sum of roots
Product of roots
38
(c)
Quick Practice 2.11 (p. 2.22) (a)
(b)
(a)
By comparing the real parts, we have
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have

(b)
(a)
(b)
(a)

∵ and are the roots of .
∴
(b)
For the required quadratic equation,
39
(c)

(a) ∵ is a root of the equation .
∴
From (2),
By substituting into (1), we have
Further Practice
(b)
Further Practice (p. 2.12)
1.
(c)

Using the quadratic formula,
40
∵ The equation has two unequal

real roots.
∴
(a)
i.e.
∴ The range of values of m is m < 8.
2. (a) ∵ The graph of touches

the x-axis at one point P.
∴
i.e.
(b)
(b) For k = 5, the corresponding quadratic equation is

1.
For , the corresponding quadratic equation is
2. (a)
1.
(b)
2.
41

……(1)
Exercise
Exercise 2A (p. 2.12)

Level 1
1. For the equation ,
∵
∴ The equation has two unequal real roots.
∵
∴ The equation has no real roots.
∵
∴ The equation has one double real root.
4. Consider .
∴ The graph of has one x-intercept.
5. Consider .
∴ The graph of has no x-

intercepts.
6. Consider .
∴ The graph of has two x-

intercepts.
7. ∵ The equation has one double

real root.
∴
i.e.
8. ∵ The equation has two equal real
roots.
∴
i.e.
42
9. ∵ The equation has two unequal real

roots.
∴
i.e.
10. ∵ The equation has two

unequal real roots.
∴
i.e.
11. ∵ The equation has no real roots.

∴
i.e.
12. ∵ The equation has no real

roots.
∴
i.e.
∴ The range of values of k is k > 5.
13. ∵ The graph of has only one

x-intercept.
∴
i.e.
14. ∵ The graph of has no x-

intercepts.
∴
43
15. ∵ The equation has real

i.e. roots.
∴
i.e.
16. ∵ The equation has real roots.

∴
i.e.
17. ∵ The graph of touches

the x-axis at only one point.
∴
i.e.
18. ∵ The graph of cuts the x-

axis at two distinct points.
∴
i.e.
Level 2
19.
∵ The equation has one double

real root.
∴
i.e.
44
20.
23.
∵ The equation has two distinct
real roots.
∴
i.e.
∵ The graph of has no x-intercepts.
∴
∵ is a quadratic equation.
∴ The coefficient of x2 cannot be zero.
i.e.
i.e.
∴ The range of values of m is except .
21. (a) ∵ The graph of touches the x- ∴ The range of values of p is .
axis at one point P.

∴ 24.
i.e. ∵ The equation has real roots.

∴
i.e.
∴ The largest value of k is .
∴ The coordinates of P are (–6, 0).

25.
22. (a)
∵ The graph of touches ∵ The graph of intersects

the x-axis at one point Q. the x-axis.
∴ ∴
i.e. i.e.
(b) For , the corresponding quadratic equation is ∴ The smallest value of m is .
26. (a)
∵ The graph of cuts

the x-axis at two points.
∴ The coordinates of Q are . ∴
∴ Length of OQ
i.e.
45
∴
∴ The range of values of p is .
(b) The largest integral value of p is 0. (or any other reasonable answers)
For p = 0, the corresponding quadratic equation is
30. ∵ The graph of touches the x-axis
at one point.
∴
i.e.
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 1. ∴ Any pair of integral values of m and n such that
m2 = 4n is acceptable.
27. (a) ∴
(or any other reasonable answers)

∵ The equation has two
unequal real roots.
∴
31. (a)
i.e.
(i) ∵ The equation
has two distinct real roots.

∴
(b) The smallest integral value of k is . i.e.

For , the corresponding quadratic equation is
∴ The range of possible values of k is
.
28. For the equation , (ii) The only possible negative integral value of k
is .
For , the corresponding quadratic
equation is
∴ The equation has two

unequal real roots for any positive values of p.
29. ∵ The equation has two distinct real

roots.
∴
i.e.
∴ Any pair of integral values of a and c such that (b)
is acceptable.
46
Exercise 2B (p. 2.17)

Level 1
1. The required quadratic equation is 9.
2. The required quadratic equation is

10.

6.
7.
8.
47
11.
14. (a)
(b) The roots of the required quadratic equation are
and , i.e. and respectively.

Level 2
12. (a)
15. (a) Using the quadratic formula,

and , i.e. 0 and 6 respectively.
, i.e. .

13. (a)
and , i.e. and respectively.
16. (a)
48

, i.e. .
17. (a) The required quadratic equation is
(b) When m = 1, n = 6 or m = 6, n = 1.
The required quadratic equation is
When m = 2, n = 3 or m = 3, n = 2.
Exercise 2C (p. 2.24)

Level 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. For the equation mx2 + 9x + n = 0,
49
10.
When ,
6. Let  be the other root.

When ,
∴ ,
∴ The other root is 5.
11.
7. (a)
(a)
(b) (b)
8. (a)
(b)
12.
9.
(a)
(b)
13.
50
∴
(a)
(a) For the required quadratic equation,
(b)
14. ∵  and  are the roots of x2 – 5x – 3 = 0.
(a) For the required quadratic equation,
(b) For the required quadratic equation,
15. ∵  and  are the roots of .
51
(b) For the required quadratic equation,
(b)
Level 2
18.
19.
20. (a)
16. (a) Sum of roots =
Product of roots =
∵ Sum of roots = product of roots + 6
(b) ∵ –2 and 3 are the x-intercepts of the graph of
y = px2 + qx – 12.
∴ –2 and 3 are the roots of px2 + qx – 12 = 0. ∴
(b) By substituting k = 5 into the equation, we have
17. (a) (i) By substituting (0, 15) into y = –x2 + mx + n,

we have
(ii) ∵ 5 is one of the x-intercepts of the graph of

y = –x2 + mx + n.
∴ 5 is one of the roots of –x2 + mx + n = 0. 21. Let  and be the roots of the equation.
Let  be the other root.
∴ The coordinates of P are (–3, 0).
52
22. Let and be the roots of ,

where
.
∵ The difference between the roots is 3.
23.
(a)
(b)
24.
53
26. Sum of roots =

(a)
Product of roots =
(a)
(b)
(b)
25.
(c) From (b), (rejected
∵ )
(d)
(a)
27.
(a)
(b)
(b) (c)
(d) From (c), (rejected

∵ )
54
∴ ∴
31.
32. (a) (i) ∵ is a root of .
(ii)
(b) ∵ is also a root of .

30.
∴
33. Let  and  be the roots of rx2 – (r + 2)x + 2 = 0,

where  <  .
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (, 0) and (, 0)
respectively.
55
(a) ∵ (a) ∵ P(5, 0) is the mid-point of AB.
∴ ∴
(b) By substituting into the equation, we have

∴ The coordinates of A and B are (2, 0) and (8, 0)

∴ The coordinates of A and B are (1, 0) and (4, 0) respectively.
respectively.
∴ The length of AB
34. Let  and  be the roots of ,
where  <  . Exercise 2D (p. 2.37)
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (, 0) and (, 0) Level 1
respectively.
1. (a)
(b)
2. (a)
(b)
56
13.
3.
4.
5.
14.
6.
7.
15.
16.
8.

17.
18.
9.
10.
11.
12.
57
19. 23.
24.
20.
21.
22.
Level 2
27.
58
28.
32.
29. 33.
∴
From (1),
30.
34.
∴
From (2),

31.
35. (a)
(b)
(c)
By comparing the real parts, we have (d)
59
36. ∵ is a root of the equation .
∴ By substituting into (1), we have
∴ 39. (a) ∵ is a root of the equation

From (2), .
∴
37. ∵ is a root of the equation .

∴
∴ If , then
∴
From (2),
∴ is also a root of .
By substituting into (1), we have ∴ Sharon’s claim is agreed.
(b)
38. (a)
Check Yourself (p. 2.41)

1. (a)  (b)  (c) 
(d)  (e) 
2.
(b)
∵ is a root of the equation
∴
From (2),
60
3. ∵ The graph of has only one By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
x-intercept.
∴
(b)
i.e.
4. ∵ The equation has no real roots.

∴
i.e.
8. (a)
(b)
5. (a)
(b) (c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
Revision Exercise 2 (p. 2.42)
Level 1
6. (a) The required quadratic equation is ∴ The equation has two unequal real roots and the
corresponding graph has two x-intercepts.
∴ The equation has one double real root and the

(b) The required quadratic equation is corresponding graph has one x-intercept.
∴ The equation has no real roots and the corresponding

graph has no x-intercepts.

7. (a)
∴ The equation has two unequal real roots and the
61
corresponding graph has two x-intercepts. 5. ∵ The graph of has two x-

intercepts.
∴
i.e.
∴ The range of values of p is p < 1.
6. ∵ The graph of does not

intersect the x-axis.
∴
i.e.
7. ∵ The equation has real

roots.
∴
i.e.
8.
(a) ∵ The equation has two

unequal real roots.
∴
i.e.
∴ The range of values of k is k < 6.
(b) ∵ The equation has no

real roots.
∴
i.e.
∴ The range of values of k is k > 6.
9. (a) ∵ The graph of has only

one
x-intercept.
∴
62

i.e.
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is .
10. (a)
∵ The equation has two

equal real roots.
∴
i.e.
11.
12.
13.
63
(a)
(b)
14. (a)
(c)
(b)
18.
15.
(a)
(b)
16. Let and be the roots of .
(c)
19.
When ,
When ,
∴ ∵
17.
∴
64

20. (a) The required quadratic equation is
(c) The required quadratic equation is
65
24. Let and be the roots of .
25. ∵ The graph of cuts the x-axis at

and .
∴ The roots of are and .
26. (a) (i) ∵ The graph of

touches the x-axis at one point.
∴
66
(ii) By substituting into

i.e.
, we have

∵ The graph of
cuts the y-axis at Q.
∴ By substituting into
, we have
∴ The coordinates of Q are .
(b)
27. (a)
(b)
28. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
67
30. (a)
(e)
(b) Using the quadratic formula,
(f)
(c) Using the quadratic formula,
29. (a)
Level 2
31. (a)
(b)
(b) If k is a negative integer, then , i.e. the equation

has no real roots.
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have ∴ Peter’s claim is agreed.
32. (a) ∵ The equation has

one double real root.
∴
(c)
i.e.
∴
From (2),
By substituting into (1), we have (b) By substituting into

,
we have
68
For the equation ,
∴ The quadratic equation

∴ The x-intercept of the graph is –2. has two distinct real roots for any real values of k.
33. (a) ∵ The graph of
cuts the x-axis at two points.

∴ is a
quadratic equation.
∴ The coefficient of cannot be zero.
(b) ∵ The graph of
cuts the x-axis at two points.

∴
i.e.
∴ The range of values of m is except
34. (a) ∵ The graph of y = ax2 + 8x + c touches the x-axis at

only one point.
∴
i.e.
Since a and c are positive integers,

when a = 1 and c = 16, a + c = 1 + 16 = 17;
when a = 2 and c = 8, a + c = 2 + 8 = 10;
when a = 4 and c = 4, a + c = 4 + 4 = 8;
when a = 8 and c = 2, a + c = 8 + 2 = 10;
when a = 16 and c = 1, a + c = 16 + 1 = 17.
∴ The possible values of a + c are 8, 10 and 17.
(b) For the equation 2x2 + (a + c)x + 10 = 0,

Δ = (a + c)2 – 4(2)(10) = (a + c)2 – 80
When a + c = 8,
Δ = 82 – 80 = –16 < 0
In this case, the equation 2x2 + (a + c)x + 10 = 0 has no
real roots.
∴ Ken’s claim is not correct.
35.
69
36. (a) ∵ is a
quadratic
equation.
∴
(c)
∵ Sum of roots is equal to product of roots.
∴
38.
(b) If the sum of its roots is equal to the product of its ∵

roots, then .
By substituting into
, we have
∴
∴ The roots of the quadratic equation must be

distinct.
∴ Kelvin’s claim is agreed.
37.
39.
(a)
40.
(b)
(∵ )
For the quadratic equation ,
70
42. (a)
71
43. ∵ 2 and 2 are the roots of .

i.e.
(b) When x = 1,
For the required quadratic equation, For , .

∴ It is possible that lies on the graph.
46. Consider the quadratic equation

.
∴ The quadratic equation has two distinct real roots.

∴ The graph of has
two x-intercepts.
∴ The graph is not correctly sketched.
47. (a) Let and be the roots of ,

where .
∵
∴
44. ∵ The graph of intersects the x-
axis at two points.
∴ The equation has two distinct
real roots.
∴
i.e.
Also, the y-intercept of the graph is positive.
(b) x-coordinate of M
∴
∴ The possible integral values of k are 1, 2 and 3.
45. (a) ∵ The graph of does

not intersect the x-axis.
∴ ∴ The coordinates of M are .
48. (a)
72
(b)
(c)
(d)
49. (a)
(e)
(b)
(c)
50. (a)
∴
From (1),
(d)
73
(b)
∴
(1) + (2):
51. (a)
∵ The imaginary part of z is 2.
(b) By substituting into (1), we have
52. Let , where a and b are real numbers.
∵ is an imaginary number.
∴
74
∵ is a real number.
i.e.
∴
∴
53.
(a) ∵ The equation has two 55. (a)

non-real roots.
∴
i.e.
∴ The range of values of m is m > 6.
(b) The smallest integral value of m is 7.

By substituting m = 7 into , we
have
(b)
56. (a)
(b)
54. (a) ∵ is a root of the equation
.
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 2.47)

1. Answer: C
I.
∴
From (2),
II.
III.
(b) By substituting and into

∴ Only II and III have real roots.
, we have ∴ The answer is C.
2. Answer: D
∵ The equation has real ∵ The equation has no real roots.
roots.
∴
75
∴
i.e.
∴ The range of values of p is p > 16.

3. Answer: D
7. Answer: D
∵ The equation has one
∵ is a root of .
double real root.
∴ ∴
∵ and are the roots of .
4. Answer: A
∵ The graph of cuts the x-axis at
two points. 8. Answer: C
∴
i.e.
∴ The possible values of c are 15 and 20.
5. Answer: D
9. Answer: B

6. Answer: D
∵
∴ a and b are the roots of .
10. Answer: A
∴ The real part is .
11. Answer: D
76
12. Answer: B
Let , where a and b are real numbers.
By substituting a = 3 into (1), we have
HKMO (p. 2.48)

1. ∵ 1 is a root of .
∵ a and b are roots of .
2. Consider .
Consider .
∴ The roots of are

2006 and 2007.
3.
77
(b) ∵ and are the x-intercepts of the graph of

.
∴ and are the roots of
.
∴
Exam Focus
Exam-type Questions (p. 2.50)

1. (a) ∵ The graph of cuts the y-axis at
(c) Coordinates of M
C(0, –5).
∴ By substituting x = 0 and y = –5 into
, we have
Distance between M and C
(b) ∵ and are the x-intercepts of the graph of

.
∴ and are the roots of . ∴ The distance between M and C is not greater than
6.
3. (a)
(b) (i) ∵ is a root of the equation

∵
.
∴
2. (a) ∵ The graph of cuts

the
y-axis at C(0, –5).
∴ By substituting x = 0 and y = –5 into
, we have By comparing the real parts, we have
78
4. Answer: A
∵ The equation has a repeated

root.
∴
(ii) When , the quadratic equation becomes
∵ The equation
has two
distinct real roots.
5. Answer: A
∴
∴ The range of values of r is .
6. Answer: A
I.
II.
III.
∴ Only I and II are real.

∴ The answer is A.
Investigation Corner (p. 2.53)
79
2. Let x and y be the length and the width of the rectangle

respectively.
From the question, we have and .
Solution Steps done by Algebraic Notations added
Babylonians to facilitate understanding
1.
, denoted as P
P2
, denoted as Q2
, which equals x
, which equals y
∴ The dimensions of the rectangle are (or

).
80
81

4A02 Exercise E

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4A02 Exercise E

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2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

Therefore, the roots of are –2.0 and 3.0.

Review Exercise 2 (p. 2.5)

4. Using the quadratic formula,

5. Using the quadratic formula,

∵ is not a real number.

6. Using the quadratic formula,

7. The x-intercepts of the graph of are –2.0

8. The x-intercept of the graph of is 0.5.

Therefore, the root of is 0.5.

To Learn More (p. 2.30)

Classwork (p. 2.10)

2. (a) 2 (b)  > 0

6. (a) 2 (b)  > 0

∴ Classwork (p. 2.18)

To Learn More (d)

To Learn More (p. 2.23) (e)

Classwork (p. 2.29)

∴ The range of values of k is .

Quick Practice 2.3 (p. 2.9)

(b) ∵ is a quadratic equation.

(i) ∵ The equation has two

∴ The range of values of k is except .

Classwork (p. 2.32)

Quick Practice 2.1 (p. 2.7)

Quick Practice 2.8 (p. 2.19)

∴ The range of values of m is .

(b) The smallest integral value of m is 0. ∴

∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 1.

Quick Practice 2.6 (p. 2.15)

Quick Practice 2.9 (p. 2.20)

(b) The required quadratic equation is

Quick Practice 2.10 (p. 2.21)

Quick Practice 2.7 (p. 2.16)

∴ The required quadratic equation is

(b) Sum of roots

∴ The required quadratic equation is

∴ The required quadratic equation is

Quick Practice 2.13 (p. 2.29)

Quick Practice 2.11 (p. 2.22) (a)

Quick Practice 2.14 (p. 2.32)

By comparing the real parts, we have

By comparing the imaginary parts, we have

Quick Practice 2.15 (p. 2.33)

Quick Practice 2.16 (p. 2.34)

Quick Practice 2.12 (p. 2.23)

For the required quadratic equation,

Quick Practice 2.17 (p. 2.35)

Quick Practice 2.19 (p. 2.37)

By substituting into (1), we have

Further Practice (p. 2.12)

Quick Practice 2.18 (p. 2.36)

∵ The equation has two unequal

∴ The range of values of m is m < 8.

2. (a) ∵ The graph of touches

(b) For k = 5, the corresponding quadratic equation is

Further Practice (p. 2.35)

∴ The coordinates of P are .

∴ The coordinates of P are .

Further Practice (p. 2.23)

By comparing the real parts, we have

By comparing the imaginary parts, we have