wimomazcon IRS EDITION Visual Mnemonics (MEDICINE) BY DR.NAZMUL ALAM4 ‘MEDINAZ Copyright © 2018 by Nazmul Alam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and Medinaz and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without Medinaz’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Dick test for Scarlet fever “ ¢ Sy ” Dick test for Sex Dick test Scarle Schick test “Diphthe Cafe’ du lait pigmentation ¢ Meaning * Coffee In Milk") = NEUROFIBRO- y ALBRIGHT Syndrome MATOSIS p56 25 Yue (Rlyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia ) Smooty —S) ig Trreautar Vine we Like * Coast of Maine" ike tHe * Coast of , nee ©: AIM www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Carpal tunnel syndrome Compressed Median nerve M yxoedema Edema Poemenstnually Diabetes Idiopatic Acromegaly Neoptasm Trauma Rheumatoid arttiitis Anytoidosis Pregnancy Vy S Cardiac Abnormalities Abnormat Facies Thymic Aptasia Clest Palate Hypocalcemia 224! deletion www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Hypernatremia causes of T Serum Sodium Medications, Meals (too much Net intake) Osmotic diuretics Diabetes insipidus E xcessive H20 Loss I Low H20 intake Ealing 4eo much Fatty SOFT HAM can cause Cononany anteny disease Fatty (Hyperlipidemia) Smoking Qbesity Family history Type 1* 2 diabetes Hypertension Age Mate www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Pneumonia Complications Don't ; Septicaemia Lung abcess ARDS Para - pneumonic effusion Hypotension Empyema Respiratory/Renal failure Prosis Anhydrosis Miosis E nophthal mos SS Ciliary -Spinal Loss of Ciliary Pet Howry PAMELA a www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Different etiges of Ulcer Es. Floon Game Margin — Tobenculous ulcer Underminec edge > Trophic ulcer Punched out edge ( Diabetic ulcer) mi Healing ULeen Stop edge = Sgvamous cei Carcinoma Everted — Basal cel Carcinoma Sommer ROME Hemolysis E levated Liver function i - tests Wd Platetet count www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Placenta crossing substances W = Nastes A = Antibodies Gay f c aie a) = Teratogens e M, =-M icroorganism E Hot = Hormones, HIV WANT M Dos- Drugs Hor Dog , 4 - A\adison's Disease Guiting Syrdvome A.decnat Dericiency Gorticor Surge MEDINAZ www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Causes of Clubbing rs A ystic Fibrosis | Ee Lung Cancer Lung abscess | U> Ulcerative Colitis 160" Normal LX Finger B 7 Bronchiectasis B> Benign mesothelioma I> Infective Endocarditis 4 Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis piso" LW) clubbed Fingen N- Neunagenie tumors Gi Gastrointestinal dis- Acute management of Asthma Attack Oxygen S uta H ydrocortisone I Pratropium Theophylline www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ GENU VALGUM GENU VARUM “Gum” makes Your knees “Rum” makes your Stick together Knees spread apart - Tiny — Typhoid fever G — Gonococcemia E —> Endocarditis R —+ Rocky Mountain Spotted fever M —> Meningococcemia S — > Sepsis (bacterial) www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Causes of Abdominal swelling 9 Fs Fluid Full bladder Full-sized tutor False pregnancy Feces Flatus Fetus Fibroids Arthralgia / Arthritis Blood pressure raised Carpal Tunnel Syndr Diabetes Enlarged Organs Field Defect www.medinaz.com4 “S” of Adrenal C: Management Salt : 0.9% saline Steroids : I.V. cortisone 100 mg Support Search for the underlying illness a Wy Adrenal Crisis Management Salt - 0.9% saline Steroids - IV hydrocortisone 100mg q 8h Support Search underlying cau: www.medinaz.comARDS Causes Aspiration (gastric), Acute pancreatitis, Amniotic fluid embolus Raised ICP, Respiratory track infection-pneumonia DKA, DIC, Drugs Sepsis, Shock, Smoke inhalation, Severe burns www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Argyll Bobertson Pupil con tev! ay TGNOKING Mt. o* Argyll Robertson Pupil 1 (ARP) ——— _ Accommodation Reflex Present (ARP) ARP ¢———— Pupillary Reflex Absent (PRA) Bell’s Palsy Symptoms Blink reflex abnorm Earache Lacrimation Loss of taste Sudden onset Palsy of 7th nerve muscles All symptoms are U www.medinaz.comAUTISM Affect isolation Unrelated to others Twiddle You confusion in speech Self-mutilation Temper tantrums “AUTISTIC PEOPLE” Inconsistent development Concrete thinking Perceptual difficulties Echolalia Oderly Physical motor disorder Lack language skills Excessive activity www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Autosomal Dominant Disorders Mnemo! = “Ve Powerful DO! |ANT Human’ Von willebrand disease / Von hippel-lindau Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism Dystrophia myotonica Osteogenesis imperfectif / Osler-weber-rendu Marfan syndrome Intermittent porphyria Neurofibromatosis Achondroplasia / Adult polycystic kidney dis. Noonan syndrome Tuberous sclerosis Hypercholesterolemia Huntington’s disease Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary non polyposis coli Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Café-Au-Lait Pigmentation Commonly seen... “He Never Played Hypothyroidism i (with ents” Neurofibromatosis (type 1) Polyostotic fibrous dysplas! Peut-Jegher’s syndrome Vertigo Ataxia Nystagmus Intentional tremor Slurred speech Hypotonia Exaggerated bro based gait Dysdiadochokinesia www.medinaz.comCerebellopontine angle Tumors Glomus tumor Acoustic neuroma Arachnoid cyst Aneurysm Meningioma Metastasis Epidermoid tumor Cretinism occurs in Children Myxoedema occurs in Mature people www.medinaz.comvnoinagz Complications of Undescended Testis ( Cryptorchidism ) Tumor “TESTIS” Epididymo orchitis X Torsion, Trauma ° Inguinal Hernia VY Sterility Seminoma Dialysis Indications Hyperkalemia Acidosis Volume overloa Elevated BU! Pericarditis Encephalopath www.medinaz.comEDWARDS SYNDROME Eighteen (trisomy) Digit overlapping flexion Wide head Absent intellect (mentally retard Rocker bottom feet Diseased heart ‘Small lower jaw (Mircrognathia) Felty’s Syndrome Splenomegaly Anemia Neutropenia one fen Thrombocytopenia 1) Arthritis (Rheumatoid) eS ~) 2 A D Nd 4 www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Fragile X Syndrome FMR1 gene Exhibit anticipation Macroorchadism Autism Long face & large jaw Everted eyes Second most common cause of genetic ment: retardation www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Heart Failure Causes Hypertension Embolism Anemia Rheumatic heart disease Thyrotoxicosis Myocardial infarction Arrhythmia Diet and lifestyle Infection Endocarditis KAWASAKI DISEASE ‘Sausage fingers Conjunctival redness Rash «sg Extremity involvement Adenopathy Mucosal erythem: FEVER www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Lithium side effects ren Leukocytosis cy noe : ~ A Insipidus (nephrogenic diabetes) Li Tremor / Teratogenic 6.941 Hypothyroidism LITHium Lung Cancer Complications Superior vena cava syndrome Pancoast tumor Horner syndrome Endocrine (paraneoplastic) Recurrent laryngeal nerve compression (hoarseness) Effusions (pleural or pericardial) www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Falciparum malaria complications “CHAPLIN” Cerebral malaria / Coma Hypoglycemia Anaemia Pulmonary edema Lactic acidosis Infections Necrosis of renal tubules MEN 1 affects “P’ Organs Pancreas Pituitary www.medinaz.compinay Meniere’s Disease Fluctuating hearing loss Aural fullness Tinnitus Episodic vertigo Salpingitis Orchitis Oophoritis Aseptic meningi Pancreatitis www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Diagnostic criteria for Neurofibromatosis Relative (1st degree) Osseous fibromas Neurofibromas Axillary freckling Lisch nodules in eye Dime size cafe au lait Optic gliomas Osteoporosis Causes Alcohol Corticosteroid Calcium deficiency Estrogen deficiency Smoking Sedentary lifesty! www.medinaz.comou: | Patau Syndrome Cleft lip/palate Renal Abnormalities cArdiac defects Mental Retardation, Microcephaly Polydactyly Pressure (BP) Pain (headache) Perspiration Palpitations Pallor www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ 10% Rule of PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA 10% extra-adrenal 10% bilateral 10% malignant 10% in children 10% familial POTTER SYNDROME Pulmonary hypoplasia Oligohydramnios Twisted skin Twisted face Extremities defects Renal agenesis (bilateral) Lim Coming “POTTER www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ HYPOGLYCEMIA SIGNS & SYMPTOMS * Headache Irritable / Sweating Tachycardia Irritability Restlessness Excessive hunger Sickle Cell Anemia signs.. Splenomegaly, Sludging A Il € ” Infection SICKL Cholelithiasis Kidney - heamaturia Liver congestion, Leg ulcer Eye changes www.medinaz.comVestibular / Vagal reflex Opiates Migraine / Metabolic (DKA) Infection Toxicity (cytotoxic,digoxin) Increased ICP / Ingested alcohol Neurogenic GI / Gestation www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ + Right to Left Shunt Tetralogy of fallot Truncus arteriosus insposition of great vessels Thrombocytopenia Causes Anaemia Trauma Enlarged spleen Liver disease Ethanol Toxins Sepsis Platelet disorders (TTP,ITP,DIC) Leukemia (Benzene,Heparin, Aspirin) Car www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA Calcium supplement Hyperparathyroidism latrogenic,Immobilization Multiple myeloma, Milk alkali syndrome Medications (e.g- lithium) Parathyroid hyperplasia Alcohol Neoplasm(breast,lung cancer) Zollinger Ellison Syndrome Excessive vitamin D Excessive vitamin A Sarcoidosis IPANZEES: Cardiovascular disease Hypertension Anaemia Infections Renal bone disease Os www.medinaz.com4 MEDINAZ LEAD POISONING Ol Massical Presentations A— Anemia 2 -— Blue Line C >Colicky pain p — Drop foot / wrist drop € —Encephalopathy Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Platelet count low Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic) Renal failure Temperature rise Neurologic deficits ER admission (emergency) Schistocytes “PARTNERS” www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ THROAT INFECTION BACTERIAL Swollen Uvul Red swollen Tonsil eon (no white spots) White spots Red swollen Throat Red swollen Tonsils Normal tongue Red swollen Throat Grey, furry tongue www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ i Rheumatic A > Atrial Myxoma 7 Thyroid E> Embot: s- Sepsis GYNECOMASTIA CAUSING DRUGS Kool = Ketoconazole D = Digoxin 1 = Isoniazid S = Spironolactone C = Cimetidine O = Oestrogens S = Stilboestrol Ee www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Chemotoxicities CISPLATIN/CARBOPLATIN E Ototoxicity « METHOTREXATE Nephrotoxicity A Stomatitis CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ? Hage BLEOMYCIN Cysti Pulmonary Fibrosis 5- Fu Myelo; 6-np> elessrere DOXORUBICIN prea INCRISTINE ‘oxicit » Reripheral Co Neuropathy www.medinaz.comPotactin Produce Milk xytocin Ooze (release) Wilk Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease Cc OD Calvanial Rone defects Orbital Reoptosis Hond Diabetes Insipidus Sehuller y | Torvistion www.medinaz.comMEDINAZ Sickle cell anaemia Glutamic acid (Good guy) Valine (Villain) Sickle cell anaemia is a disease (bad condition). So Villain replaces Good guy. www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Rheumatoid Arthritis J Swan Neck LS Deformity @naz_artonomy Boutonniere Deformity Enoxarrin Arraatrosan Dacterarin www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ Psychiatric Assessment Alsays Send Mail Through Rest Office Appearance Speech Mood/Memory Thoughts Perception Orientation Exertion Eating Emotional distress Extreme temperature www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ 6- Ps of DYSPNEA © Pumonary © Bronchial F Consteicion \\ “he ® Palmonany Embolus | iS Preumon ia © Prevmno - Pomp Failure oY Therapeutic use of Interferons Tnterferon Nae Vue Interferon 3. = Mavic Sclevosis Interferon G = ae neck fi amma disease om (Chronic) www.medinaz.com4 ‘MEDINAZ Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus bo oe ‘ Urinery Ataxia o incontinence pene Gait Dementia N -> Nitroglycerine @ A = Acelylsalicylic 2c @ @ www.medinaz.com‘MEDINAZ ¢ al S- Sulfonamide H- Hydralazine IT- INH P= Phenytoin - Procanamide Alkalisation and Acidification of urine Alkylate urine in Barbiturate Salicylate Methotrexate poisoning treatment os Acidify urine Amphetamine Morphine Cocaine poisoning treatment www.medinaz.com4 ‘MEDINAZ OLD 4ge C = Calcium Elevated R= Renat Failure A = Anemia B = Bone Lyte Lesions fi www.medinaz.com