Cryogenic Pipe Calculations

VB
Jan 2008
 idea
• Use superconducting pipe for atomic
beam experiments
– advantages
• cryopumping for better vacuum
• exclusion of magnetic fields inside pipe
– disadvantages
• cost & complications
• cryopump vibrations
 basic concept
cryocoolers

insulation pipe

• use simple pipe with superinsulation (MLI) & two cryocoolers

– no liquids in the system (except in the cryocoolers themselves)
– use two cryocoolers (~ 1W cooling @ 4 K)
• use lead pipe (used for calculations)
– device is NOT a magnet
– Type I superconductor
– high critical temp ( ~ 7 K)
• Niobium has even higher critical temp (~9 K)
• Can probably use Type-II superconductors below lower critical temp
 performance calculations
• use MATLAB to simulate pipe performance
– heat capacity as a function of temperature
– cryocooling as a function of temperature
• load map
– heat conductivity constant
– insulation on pipe + heat leak at pipe ends
– pipe divided into longitudinal segments
– program calculates new temp profile every fraction of a second
• for each segment
– conduction from adjacent segments
– heat gain through insulation
– arbitrary heat gain in a any segment (used for ends)
– cryocooling heat loss (if present for the segment)
– cryopumps turn on at an upper temp and off at a lower temp (for any
segment)
– temp cannot go below 4 K (cryopump limit)