Biochemistry Brine -Solution of sodium chloride in water

- is the combination of the biology and the Saline - Sterilized specific concentration of
chemistry that deals with the chemical basis of sodium chloride in water
life
Seltzer - Solution of carbon dioxide in water
- it deals with the understanding of the
Dilution – solution said to be dilute if there is
chemical processes and concepts of biology
such as the basic function of the various body less of the solute
processes and physiology effects of Colloids
biomolecules
-Bridge the gap between solutions and
- in general, it deals with the body substance suspension
like the functions of hormones, enzymes and
the different types of fuel, vitamins and -The particles are dispersed without appreciable
minerals bonding to a solvent molecule, and they do not
settle out on standing
- it describes the origin, formation, function,
deficiency symptoms of biochemical reactions Dispersed material – solute of solution
and responses Dispersing medium – solvent in solution
- it will explain the reactions of a certain drugs Mixture
and medications when not taken in right
amount and condition – not necessarily completely homogeneous,
but usually close to being so.
- is important in hospital and clinic. This
biochemical process will help in the proper -May appear cloudy or almost totally
treatment and recovery. transparent but if you shine a light beam
through it, the pathway of the light is visible
- biochemical process such as URINE TEST help from any angle.
understand the extent of excretion of drugs or
other metabolites, the change in ph, the color Dispersant
of urine, acidity or alkalinity.
-can be coagulated, or separated by clumping
SOME CHEMISTRY TERM: the dispersant particles with heat or an increase
in the concentration of ionic particles in
Solution solution into mixture
- Used in chemistry to describe a CONCENTRATION:
system in which one or more
substance are homogeneously 1. Molarity
mixed or dissolved in another 2. Molality
substance 3. Mole fraction
- Is a mixture of materials, one of 4. Weight-weight percent
which is usually a fluid 5. Mass volume concentration
COMPONENTS: Solubility
1. SOLUTE -is a measure of how much of the solute can be
2. SOLVENT dissolved into the solvent
Syrup – solution of a water and sugar
-the maximum amount of the solute that
dissolves tin a given amount of solvent of a
specified temperature.
Solid in Liquid:
- Very soluble
- Moderately soluble Physiological saline
- Slightly soluble
-isotonic with blood. The cell retains its shape
Liquid in liquid and functions.
- Miscible Hypotonic solution
- Immiscible
-if the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity
than the fluid inside the cell.
- means the solution has a lower concentration
of particles than the cell
-if a red blood cell were place in distilled water,
there would be more water moving into the cell
and eventually BURST out.

Saturated solution Hypo – means “less than “to the cell, and the
net flow of water will be into the cell
-is a solution in which dissolved and undissolved
solute are in dynamic equilibrium Hypertonic solution

-has constant concentration of solute
Unsaturated solution
-contains less solute than a saturated solution
Supersaturated
Colligative properties
-one that depends only on the numbers of
particles in solution rather than the type of
particles
Tonicity
-the ability of an extracellular solution to male
water move into or out of a cell by OSMOSIS
Isotonic solution
-means the same osmotic strength on both
sides of the semipermeable membrane
-if the extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity
than the cells cytoplasm.
-means the solution has higher concentration of
particles that the cells
-if a red blood cell were place in brine the cell
would SHIVEL UP/SHRINK
Hyper – means “greater than” to a cell, and
water will move out of the cell to the region of
higher solute concentration
-In the case of a red blood cell, isotonic
condition are ideal, and your body has
homeostasis system
-if placed in hypotonic solution, a red blood cell
will bloal up and may explode
-hypertonic solution it will shrink making the
cytoplasm and its contents concentrated and
may DIE
DIALYSIS:
2 types of dialysis:
1. Hemodialysis
-uses this principle to filter out the build up of
toxic compound in the body
- your blood is put through a filter outside of
your body, cleaned and then returned to you.
Kidney
- the function of the kidney is to remove these
waste products through dialysis
The kidney can also reabsorb ions to keep a
balance
2.Peritoneal dialysis
-your blood is cleaned inside your body. This
type of dialysis is typical done at home.

How does hemodialysis work:

-first you’ll need minor surgery to create direct
access to your bloodstream. This can be done in
a few ways
Fistula
-also known as arteriovenous fistula or a-v
fistula
-an artery and vein are joined together under
the skin in you’re an a-v fistula needs 6 weeks
or longer to heal before it can be used for
hemodialysis