Sesión 5

𝑃𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎

𝐻0 : 𝜇 ≥ 9000 𝑣𝑠 𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 9000
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑧𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎
𝑛 = 15
𝑥̅ = 800
𝜎 = 500
𝛼 = 5%
𝑆𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 800 − 9000 8200
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = = =− =≈ −63.56.9
𝜎/√𝑛 500/√15 129.1

𝑀é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
𝑍𝛼 → 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑙 5% 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑧𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎
𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 5% 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠
𝑍 = −1.6449
𝐿𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑍𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 = −1.6449
𝐷𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛
𝑠𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑠𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = −63.5309 < −1.6449 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎
𝑀é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑚é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 ) = 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ −63.5309) ≈ 0
 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛
𝑆𝑖 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 ) < 𝛼 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑆𝑖 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 ) > 𝛼 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 ) = 0 < 0.05 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎

𝐵𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑥̅ = 8000

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 8000 − 9000 1000
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = = =− = −7.7459
𝜎/√𝑛 500/√15 129.1

𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝜇 = 900
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎
800 − 900 100
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = =− ≈ −0.77459
500/√15 129.1

𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒
 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑠

𝐻0 : 𝑝 = 0.80 𝑣𝑠 𝐻1 : 𝑝 ≠ 0.80
𝑛 = 150
𝑝̅ = 0.70
𝛼 = 5% → (𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑟á 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 2)
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎
𝑝̅ − 𝑝 0.70 − 0.80 0.10 0.10
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = = =− =− ≈ −3.0674
. 0326
√𝑝(1 − 𝑝) √0.80(1 − 0.80) √0.80(0.20)
𝑛 150 150
𝑆𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛 2 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
𝛼 0.05
= = 0.025
2 2
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑚é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑙
2.5% = 0.025 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠
𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = −3.0674
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 = −1.96
𝐵𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑠
𝑠𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠:
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑆𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠:
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠
𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = −3.0674 < −1.96 = 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎
𝐸𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 80% 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑚é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟
𝑆𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑃 = 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 )
𝑆𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑃 = 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 )
𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑧 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑃 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝛼
𝑆𝑖 𝑃 < 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
2
𝛼
𝑆𝑖 𝑃 > 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
2
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑃 = 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 ) = 0.0011
 𝛼
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑃 = 0.0011 𝑐𝑜𝑛 = 0.025
2
𝛼
𝑃< 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
2
𝐸𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 80% 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜

𝑎) 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 600 𝑣𝑠 𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 600
𝑏) 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛
𝑠𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠:
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑆𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠:
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑐)
𝑛
𝑆𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 , 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑎 0.05 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑁

𝑁−𝑛
𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑛 √
𝑁−1

100
= 3.338675214𝑥10−3 = 0.0033 < 0.05 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖ó𝑚
29952

𝑥̅ − 𝜇 657 − 600 57 57
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = = = = = 25.9090
𝑠/√𝑛 22/√100 22/10 2.2
 𝛼 0.05
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 = = 0.025
2 2
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑙 0.025 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠

𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 1.96
𝑑)
𝐵𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎
𝑆𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠:
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 25.9090 𝑦 𝑍𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 1.96
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟
𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑐á𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 600 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
 𝑎)
𝐻0 : 𝑝 ≥ 0.50 𝑣𝑠 𝐻1 : 𝑝 < 0.50
𝑃𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑧𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎
𝑏) 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛
𝑠𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑠𝑖 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 > 𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑝̅ − 𝑝 0.3333 − 0.5 0.1667 0.1667
𝑐) 𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 = = =− =− ≈ −1.8278
0.0912
√𝑝(1 − 𝑝) √0.5(1 − 0.5) √0.5(0.5)
𝑛 30 30
𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑙 5% 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙
𝑍𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 = −1.6449
𝑑) 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠
𝑍𝑒𝑠𝑡 < 𝑍𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑜
𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑦𝑎 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎
𝐸𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 50% 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑜
𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎ñ𝑜 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 50%