oui Experiment No.10 yo investigate Pulse Amplitude Modulation Technique pulse modulation is used to transmit analog information. In this system continuous wave [OTN ae sampled at regular intervals, Information regarding the signal is transmitted oly at Ne sapling times together with syncing signals ‘tthe receiving, end, the original waveforms may be reconstituted from the informal regarding the samples. The pulse amplitude modulation is the simplest form of the pulse modulation. PAM is a pulse modulation system is which the signal is sampled 3 aoe rmervals, and each sample is made proportional to the amplitude of the signa atthe instant of sampling. The pulses are then sent by either wire or eables are used to modulate the Cok PAM signals are very rarely used for transmission purposes directly. The reason for ee iene fact thatthe modulating information is contained in the amplitude. factor of the PUSS invah ean be easily distorted during tansmission by noise, ctossalk, or oer forms of distortion. They are used frequently as an intermediate step in other pulse-modutating methods, especially where time-division multiplexing is used. MATLAB code: op pdse Amplibole Meclufakten sole? ts l/h: an he t le alee} t 20-65; Lbs; wah n 24 Pix hns b)5 02 0.5% Syoarel2splah ah oor Doma no &C ; [bebplot (35 1,1) etl») [Eile Mesgage Signal’ | bpiot on) d ) let Ltr) title (‘enaien Signal’) ubplot (3, 143) leELE, Pam) g sHleCpalre juapletwle Mectatatio’)Conclusion: an fhe fell wd 2 sperma bbatlivel ofr ul Nolilo fro é i : yeu wilt fhe mehng ¢ i Z pepe “palieb 2-0! ott the 1 fig ured E__Atatly — hows foe the broth. puntles$ tsatln t Questions: 4. What are the types of pulse modulation? Types ef pible modulbbion i uh pebw: t= Pubbe Arplituole Meplulecbion ¢ PAI > Pulse Irhellk Mecisiefion oo 3-Pulle Position Motudekion ony, 2. What is PAM? ia Amplctoola Meolulcion CPAM) is the Elansmibtion of a 5 rg * amplitedles (Veltare vs gover love) of she pulses in a Nepiloly timed beyvence 26 elect aiced a electremagnetic pubber- . 3, Why is PAM not widely used? Ned nese comnot be remover easily ik A . of ample tudle wt) whtth Cartes Infyrwatron os om Iepoet iy : Hove will be great - ' ve interference ub hgh. Wye t ites have My Wh bondi Aoryaire ol -| te ed “i 1 lation isused to transmit analog information, etl a eer INNIS, Information wgaea ~ sap se time synchronizin, pli In this system continuous wave form ; =tcing the signal is transmitted only at th : ® signals, At t ivi igine en be reconstituted from the information —— fone a ngutse With Modulation is also called as the Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM) & les ; Fe «pulse length Modulation (PLM, oft Binh i svi ofeach pulse is made Proportional to the ampli ris method converts amplitude varying messa plitude and frequeney, but which chan presage signal. Pulse-Width modut: width and therefore of varying power enough to handle the maximum-wid transmitter and receiver fails, wher s together with at Width Modulation ge signal into a square wave with consta iges duty cycle to correspond to the strength of tl lation has the disadvantage, that its pulses are of varyi: content. This means that the transmitter must be power! th pulses. But PWM still works if synchronization betwe as pulse-position modulation does not. MATLAB code: Sabplot Cu, 1,2) Plet Lt, o) tLe Ceeaen Sig na’) Subplet (u, by) Pleé L 6,5) title Sawtooth, $2 nal”) Sobplob (4,1, W) Plot Le, pwn) AM (LO 1 o> 7) Eitle (Pym Sépnat’) AinLrapi Abwat), baywore raplah at) y fruteeth baplah ert), Jr 21 hengincey Alu) >=5 cy) Pumicyer, aye Quwlidoo} enc en Nok Lost) lt») CMe Signal“) ETE eeconcLusion: : confit epee tf stuateol mbout peste plie inhale on whith i pulse width Fybleken COM) fash —P ule with of th ecpormect i © questions: L. ‘What is PWM? : : Dulbe- with mepldle ion ob ube oleration mnodelaeRion, 3 a 6, rede fhe pveloge. Powe olebevorel by oe jecturcal Ais ned’, “o bh wt chopping eb up imo uete posts $n sib andl nL PA ee igre rect to mer b ta willh of te gule § H snodeleted 2. What are the benefits of PWM? te Lew Power Consumption bi Flbiew a qor. 3 High power handles . Cie Veapocads fas! (Feller keqpannent iS neplaccol }. What are some disadvantages ¥ PWM? ( Roolo-proqwer intuperence a Flectas--mo, ae 5 ' te Arowtel be frye b we in communication B ig oe Powe of) Tromsmncter varies « iy obs due bo high PM freryonney -I objective tigate fo inve’ pulse Position Modulat ced to transmit Modulation 1s Us lar intervals. ar ces togetter with 97 Pulse ane sampled ia forms atthe samp receiving end the samples. P J. the 0 alse modul: au the regarding iit. Im formation is anal in aeole rine pulse position vated by chang jeae width of the pulses i position ofthe recurrent Ise yen The amplitucl relation 10 the the modulating wave. Pul Pulse-Position modul is value of communication. nsmitter power output tran synchronization. position mo ions of the Pals PWM the local sot their position depends on puls ant. Thus. it may be sa that inst positon-modulated. This has postive and negative-yoing pulses Corre the trailing edge oF es will arrive earlier of later is pro] railing ed than zero: this time displacement The differentiated pulses cor ‘voltae diode clipper or rectl analo ginal waveforms lation m: ve the indication of sample 11 modulation is one of he position of af 1, but the disadvantage © dulation may be obtained teading edges are se width, whieh is id that the trailing edges of P) sponding to trailin ‘an un modulated pulse is They will therefore have responding to the leading edges are ier, and the remainil 12 xperiment No. ion (PPM) Technique, ve information in this system continuous wave rding the signal is transmitted only Information r izing signals. may be reconstitute to two types st variable. In digital the nehroni xd from the information analog and ay be subdivided amplitude is the neares he methods of the pulse time modulation. PPM is ced time slot kept constant, while reference pulse is valid by each instances position modulation into the cateeor of has the advantage of requiring constant {f depending on transni he position of each pulse. in unpled anal lation jitter receiver Howevel the trailins al amplitude at very simply from PWM fixed, whereas those of determined by the "WM pulses are, in fact. Jing to leading edges to narrow pulses correspond 1 edges. If the position cortespond ‘counted as zero displacement, then the other atime displacement other ous value of the si znal portional to the instantane removed with a » pulses. is position-modutlated. | Subplt Q712) plot L PPM ’ yee \ coe Penieion Mact.elated 20; * i ‘ Beorpcenes-cvn 4 F Bo scnlaepiebert 02%) \ 2 wmoolulal ' Seilot ory) Corber6sfPm); | let (tim) : HLM Ange signal) \ \Procedure Connect the output of Function Generator FPS to the input of PPM block TPIS 2. Now connect the PPM output FP 16 to the input of Low Pass Filter 1P20. 3. Connect the output of Low Pass Filter (P21 to the input of AC Amplifier 1P24 4. Keep the gain pot in ampliticr block at middle position $8. Switch ON the power supply 6. Observe the waveform at the given test point of Low Pass Filter output [P21 7. Then observe the demodulated output at the given test point output of AC amplifier rP2s. CONCLUSION:Yr question®= 1 What is PPM! Dubse Popi tion mooudotion bo techiyve of, mothe finn tof lows variation in the podilion 4 Ke pelos pacers bk te anplitode ef Ya mAhoge Bignell penetits of PPM? ie Signed am nose separotion wv ea i ee transmitted Power oudpd “0 a 3- Highest power efficceny among hh tree type Sesh Power compose te PAM o-cf PWM erfrrence 6 Liss gh minima dle te consto-t > What are Req pine v g-Nowe int ample 3, What are the drawbacks of ppM? Lng 0. bandlvidll confer wPhM Leg mre vey 2- Highly hensifive bts pathory interferenc © 5 Bot, oleveces one Y eluents cok ab obffyrential ppm is useel Y- Sipftem hos bys ty & implement At iM comprent if Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Technology. Multan Lab Rubries Lab Reports/Assignments (0-5) Points | Pointy Result “ |amplitude shift es in AR ASK - is a ny ye diserete amplitude fey el ss MULATION ree a nessipe. Fora binary message seqy eS telat i rt pA ; 6 : CMUENCE There are ty hy ado oi (he data rate isa sub multiple at the carrier [rc ole ine one ot ‘opted hy My we bursts of a sinusoid, NMeHEY. Thus the \ hich ‘pice lial Hodhulated Dally ery Welom cana Hsien “Me Wh One of the disadvantages of ASK, compared with FSK and PSK, for example, is that it has not got a constant envelope. This makes it s processing (eg, power amplification) more difficul. since linearity becomes an important factor. However, it does make for ease of demodulation with an envelope detector, TLAB Code: \ title Message 5. ral’) lpr gee "tibia 'Canion Sig nel’) * subplot 2,113 | plot, ask) tzostsb- bs; *\ tifle C'Anplibole Shift Keying’) he iatid \ ral(CAjaehs e1e*Bs)absccys* nd 2 CoS (24D x fer) » MKC: pple, 1) : Witt 2 q -0.2 124)\ | oY a. _ the. following —ekpuiment D bhudiec xbouk eo cuestins 54, what 1s ASK? Ample bole —Ohift Reyig ASK) Bm fram of mooldakion thet represent cbivitel obule oth vasiekion in be ampltwls pf cauder ie caf te Dn anes Camker Aig rab vaies in accordance with the bit btrerm( Inedbuclibing Spal), neepry ery wd pode Contec ie )acepig beng aoa ans gia dao by wig aralag mest 8 oe aomppfi bole bil. Pay CASK) , Phase shift ey (PSK) ool fpeymency -ShiBE Resing (PSK) 4 com convod Yo dk tel pig nck into aw metlilateot dignal, eo? Com transmit ay etal dato usin onedy mmeolium ‘ 4. What isthe disadvantage of ASK? ASK technityye vB wot suiteble fer hish bit rahe Bloke Ehoms mihion. “Foon bard wih. efifecteray Hah Aubcentepfe t no 2 op! ohn a xterrod fractins. ft % 7 prsceptible te node intufperce .kexperiment No. 14 ifi Keyed (T SK) signal using MATL .prequen®? cor shilts formation to be eransmitied hy chan arrier sine wave. There are (60 wave ch is represented by an anal ignal. which can be transmitted sequence time input binary time fi SK Modulated output wave Despite its bandwidth ibility transport 1S ses for ESK or close variants include: ti requeney and Pi hill set fai fis double carrier frequen vag teks in certain situations where high-relis! hag UP Plications, Common 7 stems. nae aller identification, and uti ity meteritbalid wm (E-L) 8G544. 3 CHS) = bSCL); sh = cos Dxpiahe #Oned)€t) ; ubplot 13) - FC Treayrency sift Keying y)fhe follwing expament 7 bkedieod abet Pas aynency Ahi epi which refed te a _lype coynengy modielation “hat aghigns hit valoos th. cen fatiyoeny revels. J pepemect he_fyleyoony raesing Lon! MATLAB "and plot the anf V fates tr_analite tle Wibacle ndbige Aignal “fe eal pad “rveve fas ____ Fat is FSK? Fresyorne gy ~ hie Rey ig (HSI ib weveeney noble (ohion cheme in which distal infermekion 4 i et > freyeer oidege oh ome i nag, anseiteod meh | Write some application of FSK? dH is usecl on voice grode kines fen dloka rakes [200 bps. GE w wel for high freqsaenc podlio biansmishton from Bie an Oo MR breveea 6 4 ib abso wed in conrcak cable baseot LAN Cheek fren. Networ) ok high breveeny. Ths savage of FSR? St whos Karyn twmdwidh comparzol to offer muctalaien technics Like A5SKod PSK tence Jt iu not banusioll efficient: FSE A not pacfemedl for high specol motlems beomse with NY in peek onok aly hove. He bit pale. incenses The % ; a Pron Pale (BER) Peformance in AWGN Channel s Compre t PSK modalabionIype ob divtal andutaten 1 Werle ay te aerial ie Me where we transmit the data hy a MOE OF tla gy Wduhation where awe a Where data is on NSE 16 ansmit data asa 1 se qoctnte Vv technique USES ab fe Tetenee hoe ie" siynal ye maw estemely ctheiemt away yy ofconstant trequenes. the Mate usetul in the engineering ed to anphitudg sector inl 18850 SH PETION AS Co ind HU keying or ASK NV N\ V “ation. In the case of PI gas of the transmission signal is continuously ayer of the : NN M M\V\ hase Shift Keying or PSK. the altered (o get the output. The Modulation is done tycontinvously vary ing the cosine and sine fanetions at repute time intervals, There are difterent "jams of PSK and as Well as disadvantages, It is widely used indifferent types of communication techniques eaetively use PSK in radio commune | Weettetivel ach of them has its own advantag ike LAN, Bluetooth communication, ete. Here. ge have provided an in-depth analysis of PSK al jong with its various advantages and amas. MATLAB Code: Plott, my; H ’ Cente Signal 2 \o00 ; \ gem 4) : \ Subpletc>, V2) : i dh RP ey VEitleC Camien S65 } \ lot 2) 1 Spareoapes bet y, | ME sey \ Subplot 3,11) \ \ EMEC, \ OOK Sin rape ext); \ title C'Phose shift Kegeal Signal’) \phase hich the her in relakio op he i mmeria oly i ai) ital ynotlule ion technécyve WhAE ; i 9 bo pe 4 ola oO i model ong He phase of te cohen bifral the ey ib i, 5 cpus 8, op hy M6; for hee fynat are w? types “Qloodoatire Phote-FfE Rayig CBR5K)- disitel molulolic Pea le A hn whee obto ib tponsmitted? of PSK? piney Phase shift Kate CBPSK)- 4, write some application of PSK? wel for Bio-mebic, warektss LAN oly - Tih method preodl H ib wiveleds |e bins ine Bhetoct oA RFID. Local Ose Maton. ie Communicabion “Camel WDM “My & alo demodiclefor